Name: PURE EMU Antioxidant Face Cream
Brand: PURE EMU
Rating: 5 (6 reviews)

Organic Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis) Juice

1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Juice:

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Juice is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Aloe Vera plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and skincare.

2. Use:

Aloe Barbadensis Juice is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, healing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, serums, and masks to help soothe and hydrate the skin. Aloe Vera Juice can also be found in hair care products to promote healthy hair growth and reduce scalp irritation.

3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Juice:

When using products containing Aloe Barbadensis Juice, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. Apply a small amount of the product to a small area of skin and wait 24 hours to see if any irritation occurs. If no reaction occurs, the product can be safely used as directed.

Precautions: While Aloe Vera Juice is generally considered safe for most people, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation. It is important to consult with a dermatologist before using Aloe Vera Juice if you have sensitive skin or known allergies. Avoid using Aloe Vera Juice on open wounds or broken skin, as it may cause further irritation.

4. References:

- Foster, M., & Hunter, D. (2014). Samanea saman (rain tree) and Aloe barbadensis miller (Aloe Vera): Two natural sources of health and nutrition. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 8(28), 967-973.

- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163-166.

- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe Vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(1), 21-26.

Rose (Rosa Damascena) Distillate

Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.

Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil

Other Names: Avocado Oil; Persea Gratissima Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil:

Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the avocado fruit. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Avocado oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a great ingredient for hydrating dry and damaged skin. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help soothe irritated skin and protect it from environmental stressors. In haircare products, avocado oil is used to condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil:

Avocado oil can be used in various ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, and serums for added hydration. In haircare products, it can be used in hair masks, conditioners, and styling products to nourish and protect the hair. It is generally safe for all skin types, but individuals with avocado allergies should avoid using products containing avocado oil.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- Lorraine Dallmeier. (2016). "A Comprehensive Guide to Essential Oils." CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

- R. Ranade, R. Nash, R. Dr. (2010). "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology." Informa Healthcare.

Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil:

Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Jojoba plant. It is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Jojoba Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to mimic the natural oils produced by the skin, making it suitable for all skin types. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and hair treatments due to its hydrating and conditioning properties. Jojoba Seed Oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated skin and preventing breakouts.

3. Usage Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil:

Jojoba Seed Oil can be used directly on the skin or hair as a standalone product or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY skincare or haircare products. It can be applied to the face, body, or hair to moisturize, nourish, and protect the skin and hair follicles. When using Jojoba Seed Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin and to avoid any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to store Jojoba Seed Oil in a cool, dark place to maintain its quality and extend its shelf life.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun, Bryan Barron, The Best Skin of Your Life Starts Here: Busting Beauty Myths So You Know What to Use and Why, 2015

- Ratan K. Choudhary, Avinash Kumar, Om Prakash, Mahendra Singh, Handbook of Medicinal Plants: Utilisation and Conservation, 2018

- Jennifer Peace Rhind, Fragrance and Wellbeing: Plant Aromatics and Their Influence on the Psyche, 2013

Emu Oil

Function: Emollient, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive

1. Definition Emu Oil:

Emu Oil is a natural oil derived from the fat of the emu bird, native to Australia. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Emu Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and creams due to its emollient properties. Emu Oil is also used in hair care products for its ability to condition and strengthen hair.

3. Usage Emu Oil:

When using Emu Oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test the product first to ensure there are no allergic reactions. Emu Oil is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin should use caution. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase usage as needed. Emu Oil should be stored in a cool, dark place to maintain its potency and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Yoganathan, S., Nicolosi, R. J., Wilson, T. A., & Handelman, G. (2000). Antagonism of Croton Oil Inflammation by Topical Emu Oil in CD-1 Mice. Lipids, 35(7), 767-771.

- Whitehouse, M. W., Turner, A. G., & Davis, C. K. (1998). Roberts L. Emu Oil(s): A source of non-toxic transdermal anti-inflammatory agents in aboriginal medicine. Inflammopharmacology, 6(1), 1-8.

- Jeengar, M. K., Shrivastava, S., Nair, K., Singareddy, S. R., & Putcha, U. K. (2015). Emu oil based nano-emulgel for topical delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 478(2), 788-796.

Emulsifying Wax NF

Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.

Glycerin

Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

Organic Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) Oil

Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.

Palm Stearic Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting

1. Definition Palm Stearic Acid:

Palm stearic acid is a natural fatty acid derived from palm oil. It is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as an emollient and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Palm stearic acid is used in cosmetics as a thickening agent to create a creamy texture in lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It also helps to stabilize emulsions and prevent separation of ingredients.

3. Usage Palm Stearic Acid:

When using palm stearic acid in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is typically used in small concentrations, around 1-5% in formulations. It is also important to properly blend and mix the palm stearic acid with other ingredients to ensure a homogeneous product.

Precautions: While palm stearic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing palm stearic acid to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to store products containing palm stearic acid in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation of the ingredient.

4. References:

- "Stearic Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Dr. Anju Sood, NDTV Food

- "Palm Oil Derivatives in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "The Role of Fatty Acids in Cosmetic Formulations" by T. A. van Beek, Cosmetic Science Technology

Tocopherol (Vitamin E)

Other Names: tocopherols; tocopherol; vit e; α-tocopherol; alpha-tocopherol

1. Definition Tocopherol (Vitamin E):

Tocopherol, commonly known as Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that is essential for maintaining healthy skin and protecting it from damage caused by free radicals.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is widely used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help to protect the skin from environmental stressors such as pollution and UV radiation. It is also known for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Tocopherol (Vitamin E):

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens. It is typically listed as an ingredient on the product label and can be applied directly to the skin. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to tocopherol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lin, F.-H., Lin, J.-Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., … & Fisher, G. J. (2005). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826-832.

- Thiele, J. J., Hsieh, S. N., Briviba, K., Sies, H. (1999). Protein oxidation in human stratum corneum: susceptibility of keratins to oxidation in vitro and presence of a keratin oxidation gradient in vivo. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 113(3), 335-339.

- Nachbar, F., Korting, H. C. (1995). The role of vitamin E in normal and damaged skin. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 73(1), 7-17.

Phenoxyethanol

Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Tetrasodium Edta

Other Names: EDTA-4Na; Tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Tetrasodium Edta:

Tetrasodium EDTA, also known as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a white, odorless powder that helps to improve the stability and efficacy of formulations by binding to metal ions that can cause product degradation.

2. Use:

Tetrasodium EDTA is used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer to prevent rancidity and discoloration. It also helps to enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in the formulation. Additionally, it can improve the foaming and cleansing properties of certain products like shampoos and body washes.

3. Usage Tetrasodium Edta:

Tetrasodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used within the recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the guidelines provided by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel to ensure safe usage. It is recommended to avoid using products containing Tetrasodium EDTA on broken or irritated skin to prevent potential irritation.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(Suppl 1), 93-128.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Tetrasodium EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/tetrasodium-edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1751

Rose Hips

Other Names: Rose Haw; Rose Hip Oil; Rose Hips Oil; Rose Hips

1. Definition Rose Hips:

Rose hips are the fruit of the rose plant, which develops after the flower has been pollinated. They are typically red to orange in color and are known for their high vitamin C content and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Rose hips are commonly used in cosmetics for their skin-nourishing benefits. They are rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids, making them a popular ingredient in skincare products. Rose hips can help improve skin texture, reduce inflammation, and protect against environmental damage.

3. Usage Rose Hips:

Rose hips can be found in various forms in cosmetics, including oils, extracts, and powders. They are often used in facial serums, moisturizers, and masks to help hydrate and rejuvenate the skin. When using products containing rose hips, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Nourishing Rose Hip Oil. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aveda.com/product/17775/67795/skin-care/moisturizer/botanical-kinetics-nourishing-face-oil

- Rose Hip Seed Oil. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/plant-extracts/rose-hip-seed-oil.html

- Rose Hips: Benefits, Side Effects, and Preparations. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/rose-hips#benefits

Ascorbyl Palmitate

Other Names: Ascorbyl Pamitate

Function: Masking, Antioxidant

1. Definition Ascorbyl Palmitate:

Ascorbyl Palmitate is a synthetic compound derived from ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and palmitic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and ability to boost collagen production.

2. Use:

Ascorbyl Palmitate is used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions to help protect the skin from free radicals, reduce signs of aging, and brighten the complexion. It is often included in formulations targeting hyperpigmentation, fine lines, and dullness.

3. Usage Ascorbyl Palmitate:

Ascorbyl Palmitate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 3%. It is stable in both water-based and oil-based formulations, making it versatile for different types of skincare products. It is best used in conjunction with other antioxidants like Vitamin E to enhance its effectiveness.

Precautions: While generally considered safe for topical use, some individuals may experience skin irritation or sensitivity to Ascorbyl Palmitate. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to store products with Ascorbyl Palmitate in a cool, dark place to prevent degradation and maintain potency.

4. References:

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146.

- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866.

- Campos, P. M. B. G. M., & Gonçalves, G. M. (2008). Skin penetration and antioxidant effectiveness of a liquid crystalline vehicle for l-ascorbic acid. International journal of cosmetic science, 30(6), 413–421.

Panthenol

Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Panthenol:

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

3. Usage Panthenol:

Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.

Allantoin

Other Names: Glyoxyldiureide; Allantion

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing

1. Definition Allantoin:

Allantoin is a compound that is naturally found in plants such as comfrey and is also synthetically produced for use in cosmetics. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Allantoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an effective ingredient in products designed to treat dry, rough, or damaged skin. Allantoin is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Allantoin:

Allantoin is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It can be used in a variety of formulations, including moisturizers, exfoliants, and anti-aging treatments. When using products containing allantoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to patch test the product before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Acute oral toxicity study of Allantoin in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 1247-1251.

- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2019). Natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 285-295.

Xanthan Gum

Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

Wheat Germ (Triticum Vulgare) Oil

Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.

Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance

1. Definition Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the carrot plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Carrot seed oil is known for its nourishing and rejuvenating properties, making it a valuable ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Additionally, it is often included in haircare products to promote hair growth and strengthen hair follicles.

3. Usage Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

Carrot seed oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to creams, lotions, and serums to enhance their nourishing properties. In haircare products, it can be mixed with carrier oils or added to shampoos and conditioners to improve hair health and shine. It is important to perform a patch test before using carrot seed oil to check for any allergic reactions, and it should be diluted with a carrier oil before applying to the skin.

4. References:

- Prakash, B., & Gupta, S. (2005). Therapeutic uses of Daucus carota (Carrot) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(1), 58-60.

- Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The pharmacological activities of Daucus carota-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(10), 42-50.

- Kaur, G., & Kaur, R. (2017). Carrot seed oil: A review on its composition and properties. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(3), 2208-2212.

Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A)

Other Names: vitamin a palmitate; all-trans-retinyl palmitate; Retinyl Palmitate; Vitamin A

1. Definition Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A):

Retinyl Palmitate, also known as Vitamin A palmitate, is a synthetic derivative of Vitamin A that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products. It is a combination of retinol (Vitamin A) and palmitic acid.

2. Use:

Retinyl Palmitate is widely used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It is known to help improve the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and sun-damaged skin. Additionally, it can help promote cell turnover and collagen production, leading to smoother and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A):

When using skincare products containing Retinyl Palmitate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration of Retinyl Palmitate to minimize the risk of irritation or sensitivity. It is also essential to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Retinyl Palmitate, as it can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

- Kang, S., Duell, E. A., Fisher, G. J., Datta, S. C., Wang, Z. Q., Reddy, A. P., ... & Voorhees, J. J. (1995). Application of retinol to human skin in vivo induces epidermal hyperplasia and cellular retinoid binding proteins characteristic of retinoic acid but without measurable retinoic acid levels or irritation. Journal of investigative dermatology, 105(4), 549-556.

- Stamatas, G. N., & Morello, A. P. (2002). The effects of topical vitamin E on the cosmetic appearance of scars. Dermatologic Surgery, 28(3), 220-226.

Mannan

Other Names: Mannoglycan

Function: Film Forming

1. Definition Mannan:

Mannan is a polysaccharide derived from the cell walls of plants, particularly from the endosperm of certain seeds. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and soothing properties.

2. Use:

Mannan is often used in cosmetics as a humectant, which helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It can also act as a thickening agent, giving products a smooth and creamy texture. Additionally, Mannan has been found to have anti-inflammatory and soothing effects on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Mannan:

Mannan can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, such as moisturizers, serums, masks, and cleansers. It is typically added to formulations in small concentrations to provide its moisturizing and soothing benefits. When using products containing Mannan, it is important to follow the instructions on the packaging and perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, J., Kim, E. H., Oh, I., & Jung, K. (2015). Mannan oligosaccharide improves skin conditions through its anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and moisture retention properties. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(2), 115-123.

- Lee, S. H., Kim, J. Y., Kim, Y. H., Jeong, S. H., & Kim, W. S. (2017). Effects of Mannan on the hydration and barrier function of the skin. Journal of Dermatological Science, 85(2), 94-101.

- Park, H. J., Lee, S. H., & Kim, H. J. (2019). The role of Mannan in improving the efficacy of skincare products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(1), 52-59.

Organic Black Willow Bark (Salix Nigra) Extract

1. Definition Salix Alba (White Willow) Bark Extract:

Salix Alba (White Willow) Bark Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the bark of the white willow tree. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, astringent, and soothing properties.

2. Use:

White Willow Bark Extract is known for its ability to help reduce inflammation and redness in the skin. It can also help to unclog pores and reduce excess oil production, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards acne-prone skin. Additionally, it has exfoliating properties that can help to improve skin texture and tone.

3. Usage Salix Alba (White Willow) Bark Extract:

White Willow Bark Extract is typically found in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and masks. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is recommended to do a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure there is no sensitivity or allergic reaction. It is also important to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- L. Baumann. (2009). "Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice." McGraw-Hill Education.

- A. Dweck. (2012). "Formulating Natural Cosmetics." Allured Publishing Corporation.

Rosmarinus Officinalis

1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis:

Rosmarinus Officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a fragrant herb native to the Mediterranean region. It is widely used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties and potential skin benefits.

2. Use:

Rosemary is often included in skincare products for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is believed to help improve circulation, reduce inflammation, and promote a healthy complexion. Rosemary oil is also used in hair care products for its stimulating effects on the scalp, which may help promote hair growth and strengthen hair follicles.

3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis:

Rosemary can be found in various forms in cosmetics, including essential oil, extract, and dried herb. It is commonly used in face creams, serums, shampoos, and conditioners. When using products containing rosemary, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to avoid using rosemary oil in high concentrations, as it may cause skin irritation.

4. References:

- Kowalska, J., & Kowalska, G. (2018). Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract as a potential natural antioxidant in meat and meat products. A review. Food chemistry, 156, 108-116.

- Calo, J. R., Crisosto, C. H., & Retamales, J. B. (2015). Rosemary and its active principles as potential ingredients for cosmetic applications. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95(10), 2200-2205.

- Zengin, G., Menghini, L., Di Sotto, A., Mancinelli, R., Sisto, F., Carradori, S., ... & Cesa, S. (2018). Chromatographic analyses, in vitro biological activities, and cytotoxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil: An integrative approach. Chemistry & biodiversity, 15(1), e1700449.

Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Oil

Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.

Citric Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

EWG	CIR	Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function	Notes
1 3	-	Organic Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis) Juice
-	-	Rose (Rosa Damascena) Distillate
1	A	Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil (Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Bad for oily skin
1	A	Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	-	Emu Oil (Emollient, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive)	Fungal Acne Trigger
-	-	Emulsifying Wax NF
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin Moisturizing
-	-	Organic Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) Oil
1	A	Palm Stearic Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger Cleansing
1	-	Tocopherol (Vitamin E)	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
2	A	Tetrasodium Edta (Chelating Agent)
1	-	Rose Hips
1	A	Ascorbyl Palmitate (Masking, Antioxidant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Panthenol (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
1	A	Allantoin (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing)	Good for sensitive skin Good for oily skin Moisturizing
1	A	Xanthan Gum (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming)
-	-	Wheat Germ (Triticum Vulgare) Oil
1	-	Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance)
9	-	Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A)	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
1	A	Mannan (Film Forming)
1	-	Organic Black Willow Bark (Salix Nigra) Extract	Acne fighting
1	-	Rosmarinus Officinalis
-	-	Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Oil
1 2	A	Citric Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin

PURE EMU Antioxidant Face Cream

Ingredients

Analysis results of Ingredients

Ingredient List