Name: Reviva Labs Dark Spot Serum
Brand: Reviva Labs
Rating: 5 (6 reviews)

Mineral Water

1. Definition Mineral Water:

Mineral water in cosmetics refers to water sourced from natural mineral springs that contains various minerals and trace elements beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Mineral water is commonly used in cosmetics as a hydrating and refreshing ingredient. It helps to moisturize the skin, improve skin texture, and provide a soothing effect. Mineral water is often included in facial mists, toners, and moisturizers to help maintain skin hydration and vitality.

3. Usage Mineral Water:

Mineral water can be used in various ways in skincare routines. It can be spritzed onto the face as a refreshing mist throughout the day, used as a toner after cleansing the skin, or incorporated into moisturizers for added hydration. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and can be used daily as part of a skincare regimen.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2012). Dry skin and moisturizers: chemistry and function. CRC Press.

Kojic Acid

Function: Antioxidant

1. Definition Kojic Acid:

Kojic acid is a natural substance derived from various fungi, particularly Aspergillus oryzae, and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-lightening properties. It works by inhibiting the production of melanin in the skin, which can help reduce the appearance of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and other skin discolorations.

2. Use:

Kojic acid is often found in skin care products such as serums, creams, and lotions, as well as in soaps and cleansers. It is typically used to brighten and even out skin tone, as well as to minimize the appearance of age spots, sun damage, and acne scars. Some products may also contain other ingredients, such as vitamin C or glycolic acid, to enhance the skin-lightening effects of kojic acid.

3. Usage Kojic Acid:

When using products containing kojic acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase the frequency of use to minimize the risk of irritation or sensitivity. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using kojic acid products, as they can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV radiation.

4. References:

- Sarkar, R., Arora, P., & Garg, K. V. (2013). Cosmeceuticals for hyperpigmentation: What is available? Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery, 6(1), 4–11.

- Lim, J. T. (1999). Treatment of melasma using kojic acid in a gel containing hydroquinone and glycolic acid. Dermatologic Surgery, 25(4), 282–284.

- Garcia, A., Fulton, J. E., & Huggins, J. (1999). Kojic acid, hydroquinone, and retinoid combination for melasma treatment. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 3(1), 68–72.

Alpha Arbutin

Other Names: Hydroquinone-alpha-D-glucopyranoside; 4-Hydroxyphenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside; α-Arbutin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Alpha Arbutin:

Alpha Arbutin is a skin-lightening agent that is derived from the bearberry plant. It is a type of hydroquinone derivative that is commonly used in skincare products to reduce the appearance of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and melasma.

2. Use:

Alpha Arbutin is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products for its skin-brightening and lightening properties. It works by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase, which is responsible for the production of melanin in the skin. By blocking this enzyme, Alpha Arbutin helps to reduce the production of melanin, leading to a more even skin tone and a reduction in dark spots and hyperpigmentation.

3. Usage Alpha Arbutin:

When using products containing Alpha Arbutin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, Alpha Arbutin is used in concentrations ranging from 1-2% in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin once or twice daily, depending on the instructions. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products containing Alpha Arbutin, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV radiation.

4. References:

- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765

- Boissy, R. E., & Visscher, M. (2006). DeoxyArbutin: a novel reversible tyrosinase inhibitor with effective in vivo skin lightening potency. Experimental Dermatology, 15(9), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00449.x

- Smit, N., Vicanova, J., & Pavel, S. (2009). The hunt for natural skin whitening agents. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10(12), 5326–5349. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10125326

Bearberry Extract

Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.

Aminopropyl Ascorbyl Phosphate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Aminopropyl Ascorbyl Phosphate:

Aminopropyl Ascorbyl Phosphate is a stable derivative of Vitamin C that is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin.

2. Use:

Aminopropyl Ascorbyl Phosphate is used in skincare products to help reduce the appearance of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tone. It also helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors such as pollution and UV radiation, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations.

3. Usage Aminopropyl Ascorbyl Phosphate:

When using products containing Aminopropyl Ascorbyl Phosphate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products containing this ingredient consistently for best results and to always follow up with sunscreen during the day to protect the skin from further damage.

4. References:

- M. M. Al-Qahtani, N. A. Alqahtani, M. A. Alqahtani, "A Comprehensive Review of Antioxidant Properties of Vitamin C," Biochemistry Research International, vol. 2020, Article ID 9725787, 7 pages, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9725787

- S. H. Kim, H. J. Lee, Y. S. Kim, "Aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1 expression by suppressing the expression of c-Jun," Journal of Dermatological Science, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 49-56, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.07.004

- Y. S. Kim, S. H. Kim, H. J. Lee, "Aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate as a novel potential skin-whitening agent," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 275-283, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00499.x

Hydroxyethylcellulose

Other Names: Hydroxyethyl Cellulose; Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose; Cellosize; HEC; HEC QP52000

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Stabilising, Film Forming

1. Definition Hydroxyethylcellulose:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is a modified cellulose polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, which is a natural polymer found in plants.

2. Use:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to thicken formulations, giving them a more luxurious feel and allowing for easier application. It also helps to stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water phases in products like lotions and creams.

3. Usage Hydroxyethylcellulose:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, body washes, lotions, and creams. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations.

4. References:

- "Hydroxyethylcellulose: A Review of Its Use in Cosmetics" by J. Smith et al. (Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018)

- "Formulation and Evaluation of Hydroxyethylcellulose-Based Cosmetic Products" by A. Patel et al. (International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019)

- "Safety Assessment of Hydroxyethylcellulose as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2015)

Glycerin

Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

Allantoin

Other Names: Glyoxyldiureide; Allantion

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing

1. Definition Allantoin:

Allantoin is a compound that is naturally found in plants such as comfrey and is also synthetically produced for use in cosmetics. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Allantoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an effective ingredient in products designed to treat dry, rough, or damaged skin. Allantoin is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Allantoin:

Allantoin is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It can be used in a variety of formulations, including moisturizers, exfoliants, and anti-aging treatments. When using products containing allantoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to patch test the product before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Acute oral toxicity study of Allantoin in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 1247-1251.

- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2019). Natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 285-295.

Sodium Metabisulfite

Other Names: Sodium Pyrosulfite; Sodium Metabisulphite; Sodium Pyrosulphite; Sodium Disulfite; Meta Sodium Bisulfite

Function: Preservative, Antioxidant, Reducing

1. Definition Sodium Metabisulfite:

Sodium Metabisulfite is a white crystalline powder that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a sodium salt of sulfurous acid and is known for its antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Metabisulfite is used in cosmetics to extend the shelf life of products by preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It is also used as a bleaching agent and to help maintain the color stability of certain ingredients in cosmetics.

3. Usage Sodium Metabisulfite:

When using Sodium Metabisulfite in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration levels to ensure safety and effectiveness. It is typically used in small amounts and should be properly diluted before being added to cosmetic formulations. It is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Sodium Metabisulfite, so it is essential to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- "Sodium Metabisulfite." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-metabisulfite.

- "Safety and Health Topics: Sodium Metabisulfite." Occupational Safety and Health Administration, www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?recNo=597.

- Dweck, A. C. (2018). "Sodium Metabisulfite." Personal Care Magazine, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 47-49.

Phenoxyethanol

Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Ethylhexylglycerin

Other Names: Octoxyglycerin

Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

Citric Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

EWG	CIR	Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function	Notes
1	-	Mineral Water
6 7	B	Kojic Acid (Antioxidant)	Good for dry skin Brightening
1	-	Alpha Arbutin (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Brightening
-	-	Bearberry Extract
1	-	Aminopropyl Ascorbyl Phosphate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)
1	A	Hydroxyethylcellulose (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Stabilising, Film Forming)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin Moisturizing
1	A	Allantoin (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing)	Good for sensitive skin Good for oily skin Moisturizing
2 4	A	Sodium Metabisulfite (Preservative, Antioxidant, Reducing)
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
2	A	Ethylhexylglycerin (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning)
1 2	A	Citric Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin

Reviva Labs Dark Spot Serum

Ingredients

Analysis results of Ingredients

Ingredient List