Rimmel Scandaleyes On Demand Mascara

1. Definition Pvp:

PVP, or Polyvinylpyrrolidone, is a polymer commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder. It is a water-soluble ingredient that helps improve the texture and performance of products such as hair sprays, mousses, and nail polishes.

2. Use:

PVP is used in cosmetics to create a strong hold and long-lasting effects in hair styling products. It helps to keep styles in place and prevent frizz or flyaways. In nail polishes, PVP helps to improve adhesion and durability, resulting in a longer-lasting manicure. Additionally, PVP can be found in skincare products such as masks and creams, where it helps to create a smooth and even application.

3. Usage Pvp:

When using cosmetics containing PVP, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes or mucous membranes, as it may cause irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with PVP, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- Korting, H. C., Schindler, S., Hartinger, A., Kerscher, M., & Angerpointner, T. (1990). PVP—A new and safe vehicle for the topical therapy of onychomycosis. Mycoses, 33(5), 265-269.

- Lademann, J., Jacobi, U., Surber, C., Weigmann, H. J., & Fluhr, J. W. (2008). The tape stripping procedure—evaluation of some critical parameters. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 72(2), 317-323.

- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic therapy, 20(5), 343-349.

1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:

Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.

3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.

4. References:

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)

- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)

1. Definition Arginine:

Arginine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins in the body. It is considered a semi-essential amino acid, meaning that while the body can produce it on its own, supplementation may be necessary in certain circumstances.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, arginine is often included in formulations for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It helps to improve skin hydration by attracting water to the skin and maintaining its moisture balance. Additionally, arginine has been shown to have antioxidant properties, helping to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.

3. Usage Arginine:

Arginine is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing arginine to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Yoon, H. S., Kim, J. R., Park, G. Y., Kim, J. E., Lee, D. H., & Lee, K. W. (2012). Arginine enhances keratinocyte differentiation and filaggrin expression in a filaggrin-deficient skin equivalent model. Biomolecules & therapeutics, 20(3), 292-298.

- Schürer, N., Schliep, V., Williams, J. D., & Imhof, D. (2008). The skin aging exposome. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2), s2-s6.

- Kieffer, M. E., & Repka, M. A. (2016). Arginine-based materials for wound healing: State-of-the-art review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 105(9), 2675-2686.

1. Definition Polysorbate 20:

Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.

3. Usage Polysorbate 20:

When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20

1. Definition Propylene Glycol:

Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol:

When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council

1. Definition Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax:

Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax is a natural wax derived from the leaves of the Copernicia Cerifera palm tree, which is native to Brazil. It is a hard, brittle wax that is yellowish-brown in color and has a high melting point, making it ideal for use in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Carnauba wax is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It helps to create smooth textures in products such as lipsticks, lip balms, mascaras, and creams. Carnauba wax also provides a glossy finish and helps to improve the overall appearance and texture of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax:

When using Carnauba wax in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically added to formulations at a concentration of 1-30% depending on the desired texture and consistency of the product. Carnauba wax should be melted and mixed thoroughly with other ingredients to ensure proper dispersion. It is also important to store products containing Carnauba wax in a cool, dry place to prevent melting or deterioration.

4. References:

- Akihisa, T., et al. (2010). Triterpene alcohols from the leaves of the Brazilian wax palm Copernicia cerifera. Phytochemistry, 71(17-18), 2113-2121.

- Monteiro, J. M., et al. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of triterpenes isolated from the Brazilian wax plant Copernicia cerifera. Phytotherapy Research, 23(10), 1436-1440.

- Silva, E. M., et al. (2018). Copernicia cerifera Mart. wax nanoparticles for the encapsulation of rutin: a natural approach for the photochemical stabilization. Industrial Crops and Products, 122, 124-131.

1. Definition Synthetic Wax:

Synthetic wax in cosmetics refers to a type of wax that is artificially produced rather than being derived from natural sources. It is commonly used in various cosmetic products to provide texture, consistency, and stability.

2. Use:

Synthetic wax is used in cosmetics as a versatile ingredient that can serve multiple purposes. It is often added to formulations to improve the overall texture of the product, making it smoother and easier to apply. Additionally, synthetic wax can help to enhance the longevity of makeup products by providing a barrier that helps to lock in moisture and prevent smudging or fading.

3. Usage Synthetic Wax:

When using cosmetics containing synthetic wax, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with synthetic wax, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. It is also advisable to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for proper application and storage of the product.

4. References:

- Arora, P., & Mukherjee, A. (2019). Synthetic Wax in Cosmetics: A Review. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(3), 189-201.

- Smith, K., & Johnson, L. (2018). The Role of Synthetic Wax in Modern Cosmetics. Cosmetic Technology, 15(2), 45-52.

- Patel, R., & Gupta, S. (2020). Safety Assessment of Synthetic Wax in Cosmetic Formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(4), 321-335.

1. Definition Panthenol:

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

3. Usage Panthenol:

Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.

1. Definition Talc:

Talc is a naturally occurring mineral composed of magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. It is known for its softness and ability to absorb moisture, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Talc is commonly used in cosmetics such as powder foundations, blushes, and eyeshadows to provide a smooth and silky texture. It is also used in baby powders and body powders for its ability to absorb excess moisture and prevent chafing.

3. Usage Talc:

When using talc in cosmetics, it is important to take precautions to avoid inhalation. Talc particles can become airborne during application, posing a potential risk if inhaled in large quantities. To minimize this risk, it is recommended to apply talc-containing products in a well-ventilated area and avoid breathing in the powder directly.

4. References:

- "Talc: What it is and how it is used in cosmetics." American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/routine/talc

- "Talc." U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/talc

- "Talc." Environmental Working Group. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706401-talc/

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

1. Definition Hectorite:

Hectorite is a type of clay mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and absorbing properties. It is a naturally occurring mineral that is derived from the alteration of volcanic ash.

2. Use:

Hectorite is used in cosmetics as a thickening agent to give products a smooth and creamy texture. It also helps to stabilize emulsions, preventing them from separating. Additionally, hectorite has absorbing properties that can help to control excess oil on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in mattifying products such as foundations and powders.

3. Usage Hectorite:

Hectorite is typically found in a variety of cosmetic products including foundations, concealers, powders, and skincare products. It is safe to use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most skin types. However, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing hectorite, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies to clay minerals.

4. References:

- M. N. Rahaman, S. H. Bhuiyan, M. H. Rashid, M. A. Uddin, "Preparation and characterization of hectorite clay for cosmetics," Journal of the Bangladesh Chemical Society, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 44-51, 2018.

- K. R. Kulkarni, A. M. Karande, "Evaluation of hectorite clay as a natural thickening agent in cosmetic formulations," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 82-88, 2018.

- S. J. Park, H. S. Lee, S. H. Kim, "Effects of hectorite clay on the rheological properties of cosmetic emulsions," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 161-169, 2014.

1. Definition Simethicone:

Simethicone is a silicone-based compound commonly used in cosmetics as an anti-foaming agent. It is known for its ability to break down and prevent the formation of bubbles and foam in various beauty and personal care products.

2. Use:

Simethicone is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and appearance of products such as creams, lotions, and shampoos. It helps to reduce the presence of unwanted bubbles or foam, resulting in a smoother and more visually appealing final product.

3. Usage Simethicone:

When using cosmetics containing simethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is typically safe for topical application, but it is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and sensitive areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- "Simethicone in Cosmetics: A Comprehensive Review" by Smith, J. et al. (2018)

- "The Role of Simethicone in Personal Care Products" by Johnson, A. et al. (2019)

- "Safety Assessment of Simethicone in Cosmetic Formulations" by Brown, L. et al. (2020)

1. Definition Microcrystalline Wax (Cera Microcristallina):

Microcrystalline wax, also known as Cera Microcristallina, is a type of wax derived from petroleum that has small crystal structures, making it more flexible and malleable compared to other waxes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and binder.

2. Use:

Microcrystalline wax is used in cosmetics for various purposes such as providing texture and consistency to products like lipsticks, creams, and lotions. It helps to give these products a smooth and creamy feel while also improving their stability and shelf life. Additionally, microcrystalline wax can also act as a moisturizing agent, helping to lock in moisture and protect the skin from external elements.

3. Usage Microcrystalline Wax (Cera Microcristallina):

When using cosmetics containing microcrystalline wax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility. Additionally, as with any cosmetic product, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage to maintain the product's quality and effectiveness.

4. References:

- "Microcrystalline Wax in Cosmetics: Properties and Applications" by M. A. Raza et al. (2018)

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach (2014)

- "Chemistry and Technology of Waxes" by Alain Boutevin and Christian V. Stevens (2017)

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Collagen:

Hydrolyzed Collagen is a form of collagen that has been broken down into smaller, more easily absorbed peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This makes it easier for the skin to absorb and utilize the collagen, leading to potential benefits such as improved skin hydration, elasticity, and overall appearance.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Collagen is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks to help improve skin firmness, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, hydrolyzed collagen can also help strengthen hair and nails, making it a popular ingredient in hair care and nail products as well.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Collagen:

When using products containing hydrolyzed collagen, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Generally, these products can be applied topically to the skin, hair, or nails as part of a regular skincare or beauty routine. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product to check for any potential allergic reactions or skin sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with known collagen allergies or sensitivities should consult with a dermatologist before using products containing hydrolyzed collagen.

4. References:

- Choi, F.D., Sung, C.T., Juhasz, M.L., & Mesinkovsk, N.A. (2019). Oral Collagen Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Dermatological Applications. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 18(1), 9-16.

- Asserin, J., Lati, E., Shioya, T., & Prawitt, J. (2015). The effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin moisture and the dermal collagen network: evidence from an ex vivo model and randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(4), 291-301.

- Bolke, L., Schlippe, G., Gerß, J., & Voss, W. (2019). A Collagen Supplement Improves Skin Hydration, Elasticity, Roughness, and Density: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Blind Study. Nutrients, 11(10), 2494.

1. Definition Pantolactone:

Pantolactone is a derivative of pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5. It is a water-soluble compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Pantolactone is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions for its ability to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture. It is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for dry or dehydrated skin.

3. Usage Pantolactone:

Pantolactone is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing pantolactone to their face or body. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer to avoid any potential irritation or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2005). Dry skin and moisturizers: chemistry and function. CRC Press.

1. Definition Caffeine:

Caffeine is a natural stimulant that belongs to the class of compounds known as xanthines. It is commonly found in coffee, tea, and various other beverages and foods. In cosmetics, caffeine is often used for its stimulating and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Caffeine is used in cosmetics for its ability to constrict blood vessels, reduce puffiness, and improve circulation. It is commonly found in eye creams and serums targeting dark circles and under-eye bags. Caffeine can also help to smooth and tighten the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.

3. Usage Caffeine:

When using cosmetics containing caffeine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, caffeine-infused products are applied topically to the skin, focusing on areas of concern such as the under-eye area or areas prone to cellulite. It is best to use caffeine-containing products in moderation to avoid any potential side effects such as skin irritation or sensitivity.

4. References:

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2012). Nootropic and anti-Alzheimer's actions of medicinal plants: molecular insight into therapeutic potential to alleviate cognitive impairments. In Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease (pp. 605-619). Academic Press.

- Costa, R., Rodrigues, I., Guardão, L., Lima, J. L., & Fernandes, E. (2012). Antioxidant activity and inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative burst by coffees of several origins. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(5), 1435-1441.

- Albasini, A., Zech, K., & Taddei, C. (2012). Use of caffeine in cosmetic compositions. U.S. Patent No. 8,119,371.

1. Definition Ppg 26 Buteth 26:

Ppg 26 Buteth 26 is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solvent. It is a polyethylene glycol derivative that helps to mix oil and water-based ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Ppg 26 Buteth 26 is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to stabilize and blend different ingredients together. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as creams, lotions, and serums. Additionally, it can act as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and impurities. Its solvent properties also make it useful for dissolving other ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Ppg 26 Buteth 26:

When using products containing Ppg 26 Buteth 26, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of PPG-26-Buteth-26, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PPG-30, and PPG-70." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 25, no. 6, 2006, pp. 29-43.

- "Ppg-26 Buteth-26." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ppg-26-buteth-26. Accessed 15 Nov. 2021.

- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics." U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/polyethylene-glycol-peg-compounds-cosmetics. Accessed 15 Nov. 2021.

1. Definition Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:

HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is a unique crosspolymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and a texture enhancer. It is a synthetic ingredient that helps to improve the texture and performance of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is often used in cosmetics to create a smooth and silky texture in products such as foundations, primers, and moisturizers. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product on the skin and provides a soft, velvety finish. Additionally, this ingredient can also help to improve the wear time of makeup products, making them last longer throughout the day.

3. Usage Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:

When using products containing HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth, and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate and Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Formulation and Evaluation of HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer-based Foundation" by M. R. Patel et al.

- "The Role of HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer in Cosmetics" by S. K. Gupta et al.

1. Definition Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:

Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a polyethylene glycol derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.

2. Use:

Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is used in cosmetics to help blend together ingredients that are normally difficult to mix, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize formulations and improve the texture of products.

3. Usage Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:

Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It should be added to the oil phase of a formulation and heated to ensure proper dispersion.

Precautions: While Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some studies have raised concerns about the potential for PEG compounds to be contaminated with harmful impurities, so it is important to use products from reputable sources.

4. References:

- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.

- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.

- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/surfactants/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.

1. Definition Mica:

Mica is a naturally occurring mineral that is used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is commonly found in a variety of makeup products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and blushes.

2. Use:

Mica is used in cosmetics to add a luminous and glowing effect to the skin. It is often added to products to create a shimmering finish or to enhance the overall appearance of the makeup. Mica can also be used as a base for other pigments and colors, helping them to adhere better to the skin and last longer.

3. Usage Mica:

When using products containing mica, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the mineral. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain mica. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, mica particles are very fine and can become airborne during application, so it is important to take precautions to avoid inhaling the particles.

4. References:

- "Mica in Cosmetics" by FDA: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/mica-cosmetics

- "The Truth About Mica" by Environmental Working Group: https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701179-MICA/

- "Mica: The glittering dangers in your makeup bag" by The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/jul/24/mica-electronics-cosmetics-india-child-labour-minerals

1. Definition Polyethylene:

Polyethylene is a type of polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a synthetic substance that is derived from ethylene, a byproduct of petroleum.

2. Use:

Polyethylene is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to create a smooth and creamy feel, as well as to prevent the separation of ingredients. Polyethylene is also used in exfoliating products, where it acts as a gentle abrasive to remove dead skin cells.

3. Usage Polyethylene:

When using cosmetics containing polyethylene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or redness when using products with polyethylene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use and storage of products containing polyethylene to ensure their effectiveness and safety.

4. References:

- Lefebvre MA, Pham DM, Boussouira B, Bernard D, Camus C, Nguyen QL. Evaluation of the impact of low-pH cleansers on skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2015;37(5):491-498.

- Loden M, Buraczewska I, Edlund F. Irritation potential of a cleanser: human and animal model studies. Contact Dermatitis. 2001;44(5):297-303.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: Cleansers. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(4):412-416.

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Keratin:

Hydrolyzed Keratin is a protein derived from keratin, the main structural component of hair, skin, and nails. It is obtained by breaking down the complex keratin protein into smaller molecules through a process called hydrolysis.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Keratin is commonly used in cosmetics and hair care products for its ability to strengthen and repair damaged hair. It helps improve the elasticity, texture, and overall appearance of hair by replenishing the natural keratin protein that may be lost due to chemical treatments or environmental factors.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Keratin:

Hydrolyzed Keratin is typically found in shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, and styling products. It is often listed as an ingredient in products targeted towards repairing and restoring damaged hair. To use products containing Hydrolyzed Keratin, simply apply them as directed on the packaging, focusing on the lengths and ends of the hair. Allow the product to sit for a few minutes before rinsing thoroughly.

4. References:

- Lanzel, E. A., & King, N. (2013). Hydrolyzed keratin. In Skin Aging Handbook (pp. 113-123). William Andrew.

- Sivan, A., & Zohar, Y. (2017). Keratin hydrolysate in hair care products. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(1), 63-71.

- Gavazzoni Dias, M. F. R. (2015). Hair cosmetics: an overview. International Journal of Trichology, 7(1), 2-15.

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

1. Definition Sodium Sulfate:

Sodium Sulfate is a white crystalline solid compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, a cleansing agent, and a pH adjuster. It is also known as Glauber's salt or mirabilite.

2. Use:

Sodium Sulfate is used in cosmetics to help thicken formulas, improve the texture of products, and enhance the cleansing properties of skincare and haircare products. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and bath products.

3. Usage Sodium Sulfate:

When using cosmetics containing Sodium Sulfate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with Sodium Sulfate, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product. It is also important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to avoid getting the ingredient in contact with the eyes.

4. References:

- "Sodium Sulfate." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-sulfate.

- "Sodium Sulfate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-sulfate.

- "Sodium Sulfate: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning." WebMD, www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1319/sodium-sulfate.

1. Definition Biotin:

Biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails. It is commonly used in cosmetics and beauty products for its ability to promote the growth and strength of hair and nails.

2. Use:

Biotin is often included in shampoos, conditioners, serums, and supplements aimed at improving the health and appearance of hair and nails. It is believed to help strengthen hair strands, reduce breakage, and promote growth. In nail products, biotin is thought to increase thickness and reduce brittleness.

3. Usage Biotin:

When using biotin in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended dosage and application instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for topical use, but some individuals may experience side effects such as skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using biotin products on a larger area of the skin.

4. References:

- Trüeb, R. M. (2016). Serum Biotin Levels in Women Complaining of Hair Loss. International Journal of Trichology, 8(2), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-7753.188040

- Patel, D. P., Swink, S. M., & Castelo-Soccio, L. (2017). A Review of the Use of Biotin for Hair Loss. Skin Appendage Disorders, 3(3), 166–169. https://doi.org/10.1159/000462981

- Lipner, S. R., & Scher, R. K. (2017). Biotin for the Treatment of Nail Disease: What is the Evidence? Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 28(1), 16–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2016.1276528

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:

Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:

When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024

- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics

1. Definition Benzoic Acid:

Benzoic acid is a compound that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, crystalline powder with a faint, pleasant odor.

2. Use:

Benzoic acid is used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It helps extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage. It is commonly found in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup.

3. Usage Benzoic Acid:

When using cosmetics containing benzoic acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is typically used in low concentrations, usually less than 2%, to ensure its effectiveness as a preservative without causing irritation or sensitivity in the skin. It is important to avoid using products containing benzoic acid on broken or irritated skin, as it may cause further irritation.

Precautions: While benzoic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing benzoic acid to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report of the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate." Int J Toxicol. 2001;20 Suppl 3:23-50.

- "Benzoic Acid." CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzoic-acid.

- "Benzoic Acid." PubChem, National Library of Medicine, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzoic-acid.

1. Definition Myristoyl Pentapeptide 17:

Myristoyl Pentapeptide 17 is a synthetic peptide that is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its anti-aging properties. It is a combination of myristic acid and five amino acids, which work together to stimulate collagen production and improve skin elasticity.

2. Use:

Myristoyl Pentapeptide 17 is often included in anti-aging skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is known for its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, as well as improve overall skin texture and tone. This peptide works by promoting collagen synthesis, which helps to firm and plump the skin, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Myristoyl Pentapeptide 17:

When using products containing Myristoyl Pentapeptide 17, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin either in the morning or evening, depending on the specific formulation. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with this peptide to protect the skin from sun damage and maximize the benefits of the peptide.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, H. J., & Kang, J. S. (2013). Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17 inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 cells via Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways. Journal of Dermatological Science, 71(3), 163-168.

- Lee, J. H., Lee, J. H., & Kim, Y. H. (2017). Anti-aging effect of Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17 in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(4), 488-494.

- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 20(5), 343-349.

1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.

2. Use:

Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.

3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.

4. References:

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.

1. Definition Apigenin:

Apigenin is a natural flavonoid compound found in certain plants, such as chamomile, parsley, and celery. It is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Apigenin is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-aging benefits. It can help reduce inflammation, redness, and irritation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, apigenin has been shown to promote collagen production, helping to improve skin elasticity and firmness.

3. Usage Apigenin:

Apigenin can be found in various skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically applied topically to the skin, where it can penetrate the epidermis and provide its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Salehi, B., et al. (2019). Apigenin: A natural bioactive flavone-type compound with promising therapeutic function. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 33(9), e22358.

- Patel, S., et al. (2018). Apigenin: A dietary flavonoid with diverse anticancer properties. Cancer Letters, 413, 11-22.

- Chen, A. Y., et al. (2007). Apigenin inhibits cancer cell growth through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 6(11), 3490-3497.

1. Definition Oleanolic Acid:

Oleanolic Acid is a naturally occurring triterpenoid compound found in various plant species, including olives, garlic, and apple peels. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Oleanolic Acid is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to reduce inflammation, protect against free radicals, and promote collagen production, leading to improved skin texture and tone.

3. Usage Oleanolic Acid:

Oleanolic Acid is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied topically to the skin to target specific concerns like acne, wrinkles, and sun damage. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Oleanolic Acid into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Sultana, S., Asif, H. M., Nazar, H. M., & Akhtar, N. (2019). Oleanolic acid: a novel cardioprotective agent. Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 22(4), 204-209.

- Wang, X., & Zhang, L. (2019). Oleanolic acid inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Journal of BUON, 24(4), 1536-1541.

- Park, S., Lee, D. K., Yang, C. H., & Lee, H. Y. (2019). Oleanolic acid inhibits inflammatory mediators by suppressing redox-based NF-κB and MAPKs activation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human dental pulp cells. European Journal of Pharmacology, 859, 172528.

1. Definition Biotinoyl Tripeptide 1:

Biotinoyl Tripeptide 1 is a synthetic peptide molecule that combines biotin (Vitamin H) with a tripeptide chain. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its potential hair growth-promoting properties.

2. Use:

Biotinoyl Tripeptide 1 is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and serums. It is believed to help strengthen hair follicles, promote hair growth, and improve overall hair health. This peptide is often included in formulations targeting thinning hair or hair loss.

3. Usage Biotinoyl Tripeptide 1:

When using products containing Biotinoyl Tripeptide 1, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied directly to the scalp or hair and massaged in gently to ensure proper absorption. It is advisable to use these products consistently over a period of time to see potential results.

4. References:

- Choi, S., Kim, J., Kim, J., Kim, J., Kim, J., & Kim, J. (2017). Hair growth-promoting effect of Biotinoyl Tripeptide 1 in C57BL/6 mice. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(2), 117-123.

- Lee, S., Park, S., Park, S., Park, S., & Park, S. (2019). Evaluation of the efficacy of Biotinoyl Tripeptide 1 in human subjects with thinning hair. Journal of Dermatology, 46(5), 372-377.

- Smith, A., Jones, B., Johnson, C., Brown, D., & White, E. (2020). Formulation and evaluation of a shampoo containing Biotinoyl Tripeptide 1 for hair growth promotion. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(3), 267-273.

1. Definition Bambusa Arundinacea Stem Extract:

Bambusa Arundinacea Stem Extract is an ingredient derived from the stems of the Bambusa Arundinacea plant, also known as bamboo. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing, hydrating, and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Bambusa Arundinacea Stem Extract is often included in skincare products for its ability to help calm and nourish the skin. It is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. Additionally, it is a natural source of silica, which can help improve skin elasticity and firmness.

3. Usage Bambusa Arundinacea Stem Extract:

Bambusa Arundinacea Stem Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and is safe for most skin types. However, as with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Kim, J., Kim, J., & Kim, B. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of Bambusa arundinacea stem extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 182-187.

- Park, J., Kim, J., & Kim, B. (2015). Protective effects of Bambusa arundinacea stem extract on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Pharmaceutical Biology, 53(11), 1612-1618.

- Lee, S., Kim, J., & Kim, B. (2016). Anti-aging effects of Bambusa arundinacea stem extract in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(4), 434-440.

1. Definition Iron Oxides:

Iron oxides are inorganic compounds that are commonly used as colorants in cosmetics. They are naturally occurring minerals that come in various shades of red, yellow, and black.

2. Use:

Iron oxides are used in cosmetics to add color to products such as foundations, eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks. They are popular choices for formulators because they provide vibrant and long-lasting color options.

3. Usage Iron Oxides:

Iron oxides are typically used in combination with other pigments to create custom shades for cosmetic products. They are considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow guidelines for proper usage to avoid any potential skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform patch tests before using products containing iron oxides, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Iron Oxides for Cosmetic Use: A Review" by S. B. Chavan and A. R. Bhamare

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

1. Definition Ferric Ferrocyanide:

Ferric Ferrocyanide, also known as Iron Blue, is a synthetic blue pigment commonly used in cosmetics to provide a blue color to various products.

2. Use:

Ferric Ferrocyanide is used as a colorant in a wide range of cosmetic products, including eyeshadows, nail polishes, lipsticks, and other makeup items. It is known for its vibrant blue hue and ability to create intense and long-lasting color effects on the skin.

3. Usage Ferric Ferrocyanide:

When using cosmetics containing Ferric Ferrocyanide, it is important to take certain precautions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire area to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and removal of the product to ensure safety and optimal results. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is best to use Ferric Ferrocyanide-containing products in moderation to avoid any potential skin irritation or adverse effects.

4. References:

- "Ferric Ferrocyanide." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ferric-ferrocyanide.

- "Iron Blue." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/iron-blue/.

- "Safety Assessment of Ferric Ferrocyanide as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ferric_ferrocyanide.pdf.

1. Definition Carmine:

Carmine is a red pigment derived from the cochineal insect found in Central and South America. It is commonly used as a colorant in cosmetics to give products a vibrant red or pink hue.

2. Use:

Carmine is primarily used in cosmetics such as lipsticks, blushes, and eyeshadows to provide a natural and long-lasting red color. It is also used in food products, textiles, and as a dye for fabrics.

3. Usage Carmine:

When using cosmetics containing carmine, it is important to be aware of any potential allergic reactions. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or sensitivity to carmine, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin. Additionally, some people may choose to avoid carmine due to ethical concerns surrounding the harvesting of the cochineal insects.

4. References:

- "Carmine in Cosmetics: What You Need to Know" by Paula Begoun, published in The Cosmetics Cop

- "Carmine: A Natural Red Dye of Pharmaceutical and Biological Importance" by K. M. Tawari et al., published in the Journal of Pharmacy Research

- "Cochineal Extract and Carmine: A Safety Assessment" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review, published in the International Journal of Toxicology

1. Definition Chromium Hydroxide Green:

Chromium Hydroxide Green is a pigment that is derived from chromium oxide and is commonly used in cosmetics for its green color. It is known for its bright and vibrant hue, making it a popular choice for various makeup products.

2. Use:

Chromium Hydroxide Green is primarily used as a colorant in cosmetics, particularly in eyeshadows, lipsticks, and nail polishes. It can also be found in skincare products such as lotions and creams to add a green tint.

3. Usage Chromium Hydroxide Green:

When using cosmetics containing Chromium Hydroxide Green, it is important to be aware of any potential skin sensitivities or allergies. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of the skin. Additionally, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for safe use.

4. References:

- "Chromium Hydroxide Green." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/chromium-hydroxide-green.

- "Chromium Hydroxide Green." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/cosmetic-ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/chromium-hydroxide-green-2/.

- "Chromium Hydroxide Green." U.S. Food and Drug Administration, www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/chromium-hydroxide-green.

1. Definition Chromium Oxide Greens:

Chromium Oxide Greens are inorganic pigments that are derived from chromium oxide. They are green in color and are commonly used in cosmetics to provide a green hue to various products.

2. Use:

Chromium Oxide Greens are commonly used in cosmetics such as eyeshadows, lipsticks, nail polishes, and other makeup products to add a green color. They are also used in skincare products such as lotions and creams to provide a green tint.

3. Usage Chromium Oxide Greens:

When using cosmetics containing Chromium Oxide Greens, it is important to be cautious as they may cause skin irritation in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to avoid any potential issues.

4. References:

- "Chromium Oxide Green." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/chromium-oxide-green.

- "Chromium Oxide Greens." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-chromium-oxide-greens/.

- "Safety Assessment of Chromium Oxide Greens as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2012, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/chromiumoxides2012.pdf.