RMK Makeup Base - Ingredient Explanation
1. Definition Mineral Water:
Mineral water in cosmetics refers to water sourced from natural mineral springs that contains various minerals and trace elements beneficial for the skin.
2. Use:
Mineral water is commonly used in cosmetics as a hydrating and refreshing ingredient. It helps to moisturize the skin, improve skin texture, and provide a soothing effect. Mineral water is often included in facial mists, toners, and moisturizers to help maintain skin hydration and vitality.
3. Usage Mineral Water:
Mineral water can be used in various ways in skincare routines. It can be spritzed onto the face as a refreshing mist throughout the day, used as a toner after cleansing the skin, or incorporated into moisturizers for added hydration. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and can be used daily as part of a skincare regimen.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2012). Dry skin and moisturizers: chemistry and function. CRC Press.
Other Names: Cyclicdimethylpolysiloxane; Polydimethylcyclosiloxane; TSF 404
Function: Solvent, Emollient, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Cyclomethicone:
Cyclomethicone is a clear, odorless silicone-based liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and solvent. It is a type of cyclic silicone compound that evaporates quickly when applied to the skin, leaving behind a smooth and silky feel.
2. Use:
Cyclomethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and makeup. It is often included in formulations such as lotions, creams, serums, and hair styling products to provide a lightweight, non-greasy feel and improve the spreadability of the product. Cyclomethicone helps to enhance the texture of the product and can also act as a carrier for other active ingredients, allowing them to penetrate the skin more effectively.
3. Usage Cyclomethicone:
When using products containing Cyclomethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Cyclomethicone to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with the eyes and to keep the product out of reach of children.
4. References:
- Loden M, Wessman W. The influence of a cream containing 20% glycerin and its vehicle on skin barrier properties. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2001;23(2):115-9.
- Kligman AM. An overview of cosmeceuticals. In: Draelos ZD, editor. Cosmeceuticals. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2005. p. 1-7.
- Draelos ZD. Cosmeceuticals: what's real, what's not. Dermatol Clin. 2007;25(2):215-7.
Other Names: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying
1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:
Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.
2. Use:
Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.
3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:
When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.
- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.
- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.
Other Names: Puresyn; 1-Decene, homopolymer, hydrogenated; Nomcort HP-100
Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Hydrogenated Polydecene:
Hydrogenated Polydecene is a synthetic liquid polymer derived from decene, a type of hydrocarbon. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Hydrogenated Polydecene is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Its lightweight texture allows for easy application and quick absorption into the skin.
3. Usage Hydrogenated Polydecene:
When using products containing Hydrogenated Polydecene, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with this ingredient into their skincare routine. As with any cosmetic product, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage.
4. References:
- "Hydrogenated Polydecene" in CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydrogenated-polydecene
- "Hydrogenated Polydecene" in Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/hydrogenated-polydecene
- "The Dermatological Safety of Hydrogenated Polydecene" in the Journal of Cosmetic Science, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6110002/
Other Names: DPG
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Dipropylene Glycol:
Dipropylene Glycol is a type of glycol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is soluble in water and has a low volatility.
2. Use:
Dipropylene Glycol is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and increase the moisture content of formulations. It is commonly found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup.
3. Usage Dipropylene Glycol:
When using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
Precautions: While Dipropylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dipropylene-glycol
- "Safety Assessment of Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/dipropylene_glycol.pdf
- "Dipropylene Glycol in Cosmetics" Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/dipropylene-glycol-in-cosmetics
Other Names: Octinoxate; Octylmethoxy Cinnamate; Octyl Methoxycinnamate; 2-Ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate; 2-Ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate; Parsol MCX; Escalol 557; Eusolex 2292; Uvinul 3088; Tinosorb OMC
Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter
1. Definition Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:
Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, also known as Octyl Methoxycinnamate, is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics and sunscreens as a UV filter. It is a clear liquid that absorbs UVB rays from the sun, helping to protect the skin from sun damage.
2. Use:
Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products as a UV filter to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. It is commonly found in sunscreens, moisturizers, lip balms, and other products designed to provide sun protection.
3. Usage Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:
When using products containing Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Apply sunscreen with this ingredient generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to seek shade, wear protective clothing, and avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours.
4. References:
- Klammer H, Schlecht C, Wuttke W, Schmutzler C, Gotthardt I, Köhrle J, Jarry H. Effects of a 5-day treatment with the UV-filter octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC) on the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats. Toxicology. 2007;238(2-3):192-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.06.017. Epub 2007 Jul 3. PMID: 17658655.
- Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B, Lichtensteiger W. In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Mar;109(3):239-44. doi: 10.1289/ehp.01109239. PMID: 11333190; PMCID: PMC1240267.
- Janjua NR, Mogensen B, Andersson AM, Petersen JH, Henriksen M, Skakkebaek NE, Wulf HC. Systemic absorption of the sunscreens benzophenone-3, octyl-methoxycinnamate, and 3-(4-methyl-benzylidene) camphor after whole-body topical application and reproductive hormone levels in humans. J Invest Dermatol. 2004 May;122(5):1257-61. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22603.x. PMID: 15140223.
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.
3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.
- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Sorbitan Isostearate:
Sorbitan Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from sorbitol and isostearic acid. It is commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products.
2. Use:
Sorbitan Isostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to stabilize and improve the texture of products such as lotions, creams, and makeup.
3. Usage Sorbitan Isostearate:
Sorbitan Isostearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but as with any ingredient, there is a potential for sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Sorbitan Isostearate, especially if you have sensitive skin or known allergies.
4. References:
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-isostearate
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sorbitan-isostearate
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/sorbitan-isostearate/
Other Names: Maltisorb; Maltisweet; Maltitol
Function: Masking, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Moisturising, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Maltitol:
Maltitol is a sugar alcohol commonly used as a sugar substitute in various food and cosmetic products. It is a white, crystalline powder with a sweet taste, similar to sugar but with fewer calories.
2. Use:
Maltitol is often used in cosmetics as a humectant, which helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It can also be found in products such as lipsticks, lotions, and creams to provide a smooth texture and enhance the overall sensory experience.
3. Usage Maltitol:
When using products containing maltitol, it is important to be aware that some individuals may experience gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating, gas, or diarrhea, especially when consumed in large quantities. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new cosmetic product to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.
4. References:
- Food and Drug Administration. (2018). "Maltitol." Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). "Maltitol." Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/maltitol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). "Sugar Alcohols in Cosmetics." Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/sugar-alcohols-in-cosmetics/
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Phytosteryl/Isostearyl/Cetyl/Stearyl/Behenyl Dimer Dilinoleate:
Phytosteryl/Isostearyl/Cetyl/Stearyl/Behenyl Dimer Dilinoleate is a complex mixture of phytosterols, isostearyl, cetyl, stearyl, and behenyl alcohols, and dilinoleic acid. It is commonly used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Phytosteryl/Isostearyl/Cetyl/Stearyl/Behenyl Dimer Dilinoleate is primarily used in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to improve the skin's moisture retention, soothe dry and irritated skin, and enhance the overall texture of the skin. This ingredient is also known for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin, making it a popular choice in various cosmetic formulations.
3. Usage Phytosteryl/Isostearyl/Cetyl/Stearyl/Behenyl Dimer Dilinoleate:
When using products containing Phytosteryl/Isostearyl/Cetyl/Stearyl/Behenyl Dimer Dilinoleate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2008). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Phytosterols.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition.
- Loden, M. (2005). Role of topical emollients and moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin barrier disorders. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 6(6), 387-395.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent
1. Definition Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprate:
Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from neopentyl glycol and dicapric acid, and it is known for its ability to moisturize and soften the skin.
2. Use:
Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprate is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and moisturizers. It helps to improve the texture of the skin by providing hydration and creating a smooth, soft feel. Additionally, it can also act as a barrier on the skin, helping to prevent moisture loss and protect against environmental stressors.
3. Usage Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprate:
When using products containing Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for use on all skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Formulating with Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprate" by the Personal Care Products Council
- "Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprate: A Review of its Properties and Applications in Cosmetics" by the International Journal of Cosmetic Science
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Tribehenin:
Tribehenin is a natural lipid derived from the seeds of the plant, Shorea Stenoptera. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent due to its ability to improve the texture and consistency of skincare products.
2. Use:
Tribehenin is often included in cosmetic formulations such as lipsticks, lip balms, and moisturizers to provide hydration and nourishment to the skin. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, making it easier to apply the product evenly onto the skin.
3. Usage Tribehenin:
When using products containing Tribehenin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Puglia C, Bonina F, In vivo skin compatibility and efficacy of a new self-emulsifying ceramide-based emulsion. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2005;27(2):99-109.
- Kaur CD, Saraf S. In vitro sun protection factor determination of herbal oils used in cosmetics. Pharmacognosy Research. 2010;2(1):22-25.
- Lupo MP. Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy. 2007;20(5):343-349.
Other Names: Petrolatum; Vaseline; Soft Paraffin; Petrolatum base; Petroleum Jelly
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Emollient, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive, Moisturising
1. Definition Petrolatum:
Petrolatum, also known as petroleum jelly, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and protective properties.
2. Use:
Petrolatum is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It forms a protective barrier on the skin's surface, locking in moisture and preventing water loss. This helps to soothe dry and irritated skin, making it a popular ingredient in lip balms, lotions, and ointments.
3. Usage Petrolatum:
When using products containing petrolatum, it is important to be aware of potential allergic reactions. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with petrolatum, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. Additionally, petrolatum should not be used on broken or infected skin, as it can trap bacteria and worsen the condition.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (1999). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
Other Names: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum
Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.
2. Use:
Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.
- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.
Other Names: Fixomer 40
Function: Antistatic Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Adhesive, Hair Fixing, Suspending Agent -Nonsurfactant
1. Definition Acrylates Copolymer:
Acrylates Copolymer is a type of polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent. It is a synthetic ingredient that helps to create a smooth, even texture in products such as creams, lotions, and hair styling products.
2. Use:
Acrylates Copolymer is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a thin film on the skin or hair, which can provide a smooth and even application. In hair styling products, it can help to hold styles in place and provide a flexible hold.
3. Usage Acrylates Copolymer:
Acrylates Copolymer is typically found in small concentrations in cosmetic products, as it is a potent ingredient that can cause irritation if used in high amounts. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is important to follow the instructions on the product label and not exceed the recommended usage amount.
4. References:
- "Acrylates Copolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylates-copolymer.
- "Safety Assessment of Acrylates Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/acrylatesc0606rep.pdf.
- Lode, S., et al. "Evaluation of the Irritation Potential of Acrylates Copolymer." Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 65, no. 2, 2014, pp. 113-120.
Function: Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and texture enhancer. It is a crosslinked polymer of dimethicone and vinyl dimethicone, which helps to improve the spreadability and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is often used in skincare and makeup products such as primers, foundations, lotions, and creams. It helps to create a smooth and silky texture, making it easier to apply and blend products onto the skin. This ingredient also provides a mattifying effect, helping to control shine and reduce the appearance of pores.
3. Usage Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dimethiconevinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer
- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dimethiconevinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer
- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dimethicone-vinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer/
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Peg/Ppg 20/20 Dimethicone:
Peg/Ppg 20/20 Dimethicone is a type of silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) chains attached to dimethicone, which is a type of silicone oil.
2. Use:
Peg/Ppg 20/20 Dimethicone is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, enhance their texture, and reduce the greasy or sticky feeling that some formulations may have. This ingredient is often found in moisturizers, lotions, creams, hair care products, and makeup.
3. Usage Peg/Ppg 20/20 Dimethicone:
When using products containing Peg/Ppg 20/20 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to silicone-based ingredients. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.
Precautions: Although Peg/Ppg 20/20 Dimethicone is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If you notice any redness, itching, or discomfort after using products containing this ingredient, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to avoid getting this ingredient in your eyes or mucous membranes.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone" in the Personal Care Products Council's Ingredient Database
- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and PEG Compounds" by the Environmental Working Group
Other Names: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Phytosteryl Macadamiate:
Phytosteryl Macadamiate is a plant-derived ester of macadamia nut oil and phytosterols, commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient and skin-conditioning properties.
2. Use:
Phytosteryl Macadamiate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums to provide hydration and nourishment to the skin. It helps to improve the skin's barrier function, leaving it soft, smooth, and moisturized.
3. Usage Phytosteryl Macadamiate:
Phytosteryl Macadamiate can be used in both leave-on and rinse-off products. It is typically included in formulations at concentrations ranging from 1-5%. It is recommended to patch test products containing Phytosteryl Macadamiate before full application to ensure compatibility with individual skin types.
4. References:
- Maranz, S., & Wiesman, Z. (2004). Influence of climate on the tocopherol content of shea butter. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(10), 2934-2937.
- Sato, Y., Akutsu, H., & Suzuki, Y. (2006). Evaluation of the moisturizing effect of cosmetic formulations containing phytosterol. Journal of Oleo Science, 55(8), 383-389.
- Mota, J. P., & Rodriguez, M. L. (2019). Phytosterols as natural antioxidants in cosmetic formulations. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(9), 1016-1023.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Suspending Agent- Nonsurfactant
1. Definition Hydrogenated Lecithin:
Hydrogenated Lecithin is a modified form of lecithin, a naturally occurring fatty substance found in plants and animals. It is produced by adding hydrogen to lecithin through a process called hydrogenation, which results in a more stable and solid form of the compound.
2. Use:
Hydrogenated Lecithin is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their spreadability and moisturizing properties. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare formulations.
3. Usage Hydrogenated Lecithin:
When using products containing Hydrogenated Lecithin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- S. R. Kulkarni, L. J. M. Coelho, E. M. R. Fairhurst, A. J. R. Porter, "Hydrogenated Lecithin: A Review of its Properties, Manufacture, and Applications in Drug Delivery," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1681-1691, 2017.
- M. A. G. de Lima, C. A. S. Batista, L. B. de Oliveira, "Hydrogenated Lecithin as a Cosmetic Ingredient: A Review," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 221-227, 2020.
- H. S. R. Silva, E. M. M. Santos, R. A. F. Souza, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Lecithin in Cosmetics: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 109, 2020.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Antifoaming Agent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Suspending Agent -Nonsurfactant
1. Definition Silica Silylate:
Silica Silylate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetic products as a thickening agent, absorbent, and texture enhancer. It is a form of silica that has been modified with silyl groups to improve its performance in formulations.
2. Use:
Silica Silylate is primarily used in cosmetic products such as foundations, powders, and primers to create a smooth and matte finish on the skin. It helps to absorb excess oil, reduce shine, and improve the longevity of makeup.
3. Usage Silica Silylate:
When using products containing Silica Silylate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical application, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Silica Silylate." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 25, no. 1, 2006, pp. 1-10.
- Lodeiro, Carlos, et al. "Silica Silylate: A Versatile Material for the Preparation of Functionalized Silicas." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 320, no. 2, 2008, pp. 487-493.
- "Silica Silylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/silica-silylate.
Other Names: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Silica:
Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.
2. Use:
Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.
3. Usage Silica:
When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.
4. References:
- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.
- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.
- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Phytosteryl/ Behenyl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate:
Phytosteryl/ Behenyl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate is a complex compound commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is a combination of phytosterols, behenyl alcohol, octyldodecyl lauroyl glutamate, and other ingredients that work together to provide moisturizing and nourishing benefits to the skin.
2. Use:
Phytosteryl/ Behenyl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate is primarily used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and smooth the skin. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to provide hydration and improve the overall texture of the skin. Additionally, this compound can also help to enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in cosmetic formulations, making it a popular choice for products designed to target specific skin concerns.
3. Usage Phytosteryl/ Behenyl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate:
When using products containing Phytosteryl/ Behenyl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This compound is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid using products containing this ingredient near the eyes or mucous membranes to prevent irritation.
4. References:
- Sato H, Tagami H. Biological activities of phytosteryl/ behenyl/ octyldodecyl lauroyl glutamate in the skin. J Oleo Sci. 2011;60(6):269-274.
- Iwaki T, Tagami H. Effects of phytosteryl/ behenyl/ octyldodecyl lauroyl glutamate on skin barrier function and hydration. J Dermatol Sci. 2012;65(1):16-22.
- Yamauchi K, Tagami H. Formulation and stability of cosmetic products containing phytosteryl/ behenyl/ octyldodecyl lauroyl glutamate. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2013;35(2):135-141.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Function: Humectant, Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Aluminum Hydroxide:
Aluminum Hydroxide is a compound commonly used in cosmetics as an opacifying agent, thickening agent, and as a colorant. It is a white, odorless, and non-toxic powder that is insoluble in water.
2. Use:
Aluminum Hydroxide is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and foundations. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, while also providing a matte finish to the skin. Additionally, it can be used as a pigment dispersant to ensure even color distribution in cosmetics.
3. Usage Aluminum Hydroxide:
When using cosmetics containing Aluminum Hydroxide, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. While Aluminum Hydroxide is considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory agencies, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Aluminum Hydroxide, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, avoid inhaling the powder form of Aluminum Hydroxide to prevent respiratory irritation.
4. References:
- "Aluminum Hydroxide in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety." Cosmetics Info. www.cosmeticsinfo.org.
- "Safety Assessment of Aluminum Hydroxide as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. www.cir-safety.org.
- "Aluminum Hydroxide: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning." WebMD. www.webmd.com.
Other Names: Ethanol; Grain Alcohol; Ethyl Alcohol
Function: pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Ethanol:
Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, preservative, or as an ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Ethanol is used in cosmetics for a variety of purposes, including as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as an astringent to help tighten and tone the skin. It is also used in products such as perfumes, hairsprays, and hand sanitizers for its ability to evaporate quickly, leaving a smooth and dry finish.
3. Usage Ethanol:
When using cosmetics containing ethanol, it is important to take precautions to avoid irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any sensitivity. Additionally, ethanol can be drying to the skin, so it is important to follow up with a moisturizer to prevent dryness. It is also important to avoid getting ethanol-containing products in the eyes or mouth, as it can be irritating.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Safety assessment of ethanol in cosmetic products. International Journal of Toxicology, 29(1), 69-79.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Rehm, J. (2015). Comparative risk assessment of carcinogens in alcoholic beverages using the margin of exposure approach. International Journal of Cancer, 136(5), 1464-1475.
- Reisch, M. S., & Givens, J. (2016). Ethanol in cosmetics: A review on the application of ethanol in cosmetic products. Cosmetics, 3(3), 28.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Royal Jelly Extract:
Royal Jelly Extract is a natural substance produced by worker honeybees to feed the queen bee. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Royal Jelly Extract is known for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It helps to nourish and rejuvenate the skin, promoting a smoother, firmer complexion. It can also help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making it a valuable ingredient in anti-aging skincare products.
3. Usage Royal Jelly Extract:
Royal Jelly Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either as a standalone product or as part of a skincare routine. It is important to patch test any new skincare product containing Royal Jelly Extract to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. Additionally, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Royal Jelly Extract into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Lee, S. H., & Lee, H. J. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of royal jelly on ethyl phenylpropiolate-induced contact dermatitis in mice. Laboratory Animal Research, 32(4), 204-209.
- Park, H. M., Hwang, E., Lee, K. G., Han, S. M., Cho, Y., Kim, S. Y., ... & Kim, S. J. (2011). Royal jelly protects against ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts via enhancing collagen production. Journal of Medicinal Food, 14(9), 899-906.
- Ramadan, M. F., & Al-Ghamdi, A. (2012). Bioactive compounds and health-promoting properties of royal jelly: A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 4(1), 39-52.
Other Names: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:
Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.
2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.
3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:
When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.
4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Other Names: Salvia Officinalis Leaf Extract; Sage Leaf Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract:
Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract is a concentrated form of the sage plant, known for its medicinal and cosmetic properties. It is often used in skincare products for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sage leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. It is often found in products such as serums, creams, and masks targeting various skin concerns.
3. Usage Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract:
When using products containing Sage Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to avoid using products with sage leaf extract on broken or irritated skin to prevent further irritation.
4. References:
- Saeidnia, S., et al. (2011). Salvia: A review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmaceutical and industrial uses. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 10(39), 1-23.
- Tundis, R., et al. (2014). Potential role of natural compounds against skin aging. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 21(10), 1125-1150.
- Baricevic, D., et al. (2001). The biological/pharmacological activity of the Salvia genus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 75(2-3), 213-240.
