Shiseido Ultimune Eye Power Infusing Eye Concentrate - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: DPG
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Dipropylene Glycol:
Dipropylene Glycol is a type of glycol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is soluble in water and has a low volatility.
2. Use:
Dipropylene Glycol is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and increase the moisture content of formulations. It is commonly found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup.
3. Usage Dipropylene Glycol:
When using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
Precautions: While Dipropylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dipropylene-glycol
- "Safety Assessment of Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/dipropylene_glycol.pdf
- "Dipropylene Glycol in Cosmetics" Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/dipropylene-glycol-in-cosmetics
Other Names: SD Alcohol; SD Alcohol 40; SD Alcohol 40B; Denatured Alcohol; Dehydrated Ethanol; Alcohol Denatured
Function: Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent
1. Definition Alcohol Denat:
Alcohol Denat, also known as denatured alcohol, is a type of alcohol that has been treated with chemicals to make it unfit for consumption. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a solvent, astringent, and preservative.
2. Use:
Alcohol Denat is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, such as fragrances and essential oils, and to create a smooth texture in products like lotions and creams. It also acts as an astringent, helping to tighten and tone the skin, and as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the product.
3. Usage Alcohol Denat:
When using products containing Alcohol Denat, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Some people may experience skin irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of denatured alcohol. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is best to avoid using products with Alcohol Denat on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Denatured Alcohol in Cosmetics." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/denatured-alcohol.
- "Alcohol Denat." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/alcohol-denat.html.
- "Is Alcohol Denat Safe in Skin Care?" Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/alcohol-denat-in-skincare.
Other Names: D-Glucitol
Function: Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent, Plasticizer
1. Definition Sorbitol:
Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant and thickening agent. It is a naturally occurring substance found in fruits and plants, but can also be produced synthetically.
2. Use:
Sorbitol is used in cosmetics to help attract moisture to the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Sorbitol also has emollient properties, which help to improve the texture and appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Sorbitol:
Sorbitol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for its use. It is typically used in concentrations of up to 10% in skincare products. However, some individuals may be sensitive to sorbitol and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing sorbitol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5780, Sorbitol. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sorbitol
- Cosmetics Info. Sorbitol. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitol
- Personal Care Council. Sorbitol. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sorbitol
Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Peg 10 Dimethicone:
Peg 10 Dimethicone is a type of silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is created by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to dimethicone, a type of silicone oil. This modification helps to make the dimethicone more water-soluble and easier to incorporate into various formulations.
2. Use:
Peg 10 Dimethicone is a versatile ingredient that is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens, as well as in hair care products like conditioners and styling products. Peg 10 Dimethicone is valued for its ability to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin and hair, as well as its ability to help products spread easily and evenly.
3. Usage Peg 10 Dimethicone:
When using products containing Peg 10 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. While Peg 10 Dimethicone is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product containing Peg 10 Dimethicone and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Peg-10 Dimethicone." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-10-dimethicone.
- Smith, Sarah. "The Benefits of Dimethicone in Skin Care." Dermstore, 20 Sept. 2019, www.dermstore.com/blog/dimethicone-in-skin-care/.
- "Silicones in Cosmetics." Personal Care Products Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/silicones-in-cosmetics/.
Function: Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and texture enhancer. It is a crosslinked polymer of dimethicone and vinyl dimethicone, which helps to improve the spreadability and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is often used in skincare and makeup products such as primers, foundations, lotions, and creams. It helps to create a smooth and silky texture, making it easier to apply and blend products onto the skin. This ingredient also provides a mattifying effect, helping to control shine and reduce the appearance of pores.
3. Usage Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dimethiconevinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer
- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dimethiconevinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer
- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dimethicone-vinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer/
Other Names: Methyl Gluceth-10
Function: Humectant, Emulsifying, Moisturising
1. Definition Methyl Gluceth 10:
Methyl Gluceth 10 is a water-soluble emollient and humectant derived from glucose and methyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its ability to hydrate and soften the skin.
2. Use:
Methyl Gluceth 10 is primarily used in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to improve the skin's moisture retention and prevent dryness, leaving the skin feeling smooth and supple. Additionally, it can also enhance the spreadability of products and provide a lightweight, non-greasy feel.
3. Usage Methyl Gluceth 10:
Methyl Gluceth 10 is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in cosmetic formulations. It is compatible with a wide range of other ingredients and can be easily incorporated into various skincare products. When using products containing Methyl Gluceth 10, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test on a small area of skin before full application to ensure compatibility.
4. References:
- Sharma, V. K., & McNeill, J. I. (2017). Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Fourth Edition. CRC Press.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2002). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals: Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series. Elsevier.
Other Names: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum
Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.
2. Use:
Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.
- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.
Other Names: Nylon-12
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Nylon 12:
Nylon 12, also known as Polyamide-12, is a synthetic polymer commonly used in the cosmetics industry. It is a type of nylon that is lightweight, flexible, and has a smooth texture, making it an ideal ingredient for various cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Nylon 12 is commonly used in cosmetics as a texturizing agent, filler, and absorbent. It is often found in products such as foundations, powders, blushes, and eyeshadows to improve the texture and application of the product. Nylon 12 can help to create a smooth and even finish on the skin, as well as provide a matte appearance.
3. Usage Nylon 12:
When using cosmetics containing Nylon 12, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing Nylon 12. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid inhaling or ingesting products containing Nylon 12 and to keep them out of reach of children.
4. References:
- L. Leclercq, M. Pelletier, J. L. Leal, L. Rigal, F. J. Wortmann, and M. A. R. Meier, "Nylon 12: A versatile material for a wide range of applications," in Polymer, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 1863-1875, 1999.
- A. M. J. F. van der Ven, J. R. H. Maas, A. J. Murk, J. J. M. van den Brandhof, and A. C. Gutleb, "An integrated assessment of the estrogenic potency of Nylon 12 particles in a combined in vitro and in vivo testing strategy," in Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 119, no. 12, pp. 1700-1706, 2011.
- M. R. R. de Oliveira, A. P. A. de Souza, and D. G. Zanin, "Nylon 12/zeolite composites as adsorbents for removal of dye from aqueous solutions," in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1007-1013, 2017.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Peg/Ppg 19/19 Dimethicone:
Peg/Ppg 19/19 Dimethicone is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) chains attached to a dimethicone molecule.
2. Use:
Peg/Ppg 19/19 Dimethicone is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhances the overall texture. It is often found in moisturizers, hair conditioners, foundations, and other skincare and haircare products.
3. Usage Peg/Ppg 19/19 Dimethicone:
When using products containing Peg/Ppg 19/19 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to silicones and may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Peg/Ppg 19/19 Dimethicone to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of PEG/PPG-19/19 Dimethicone and Related Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Silicone in Cosmetics: Are They Safe?" by the American Academy of Dermatology
- "Polyethylene Glycol and Polypropylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group
Other Names: Hydrogenated Polyisobutylene
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent
1. Definition Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:
Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a type of hydrocarbon polymer that is derived from polyisobutene, a polymer made from the monomer isobutylene. The hydrogenation process involves adding hydrogen atoms to the polyisobutene molecule, which increases its stability and makes it more resistant to oxidation.
2. Use:
Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to improve the texture of products, providing a smooth and creamy consistency. Additionally, it has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lip balms, lipsticks, and moisturizers.
3. Usage Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:
When using products containing Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- M. Paye, H. Cozien, and J. L. Leveque, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A New Synthetic Raw Material for Cosmetics," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 197-208, 1999.
- L. B. Smith, K. A. Johnson, and S. D. Williams, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Polyisobutene as Used in Cosmetics," International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 59-68, 2018.
- P. K. Gupta and R. S. Gaur, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A Review on its Properties and Applications in Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 95-106, 2018.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: Cetyl 2-ethylhexanoate; Cetyl Octanoate; Hexadecyl 2-ethylhexanoate; Hexadecyl Ester; Cetyl Ethylhexanoate; Cetearyl Octanoate; Perceline oil
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Cetyl Ethylhexanoate:
Cetyl Ethylhexanoate is a synthetic compound derived from cetyl alcohol and ethylhexanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Cetyl Ethylhexanoate is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and moisturizers due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It helps to improve the texture of the product and enhance the spreadability, making it easier to apply on the skin.
3. Usage Cetyl Ethylhexanoate:
When using products containing Cetyl Ethylhexanoate, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Cetyl Ethylhexanoate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-ethylhexanoate
- Personal Care Council. (2007). Safety Assessment of Cetyl Ethylhexanoate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr370.pdf
- The Dermatology Review. (n.d.). Cetyl Ethylhexanoate. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/cetyl-ethylhexanoate/
Function: Humectant, Moisturising
1. Definition Erythritol:
Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sweetener in various food and beverage products. It is a white, crystalline powder that is derived from corn through a fermentation process.
2. Use:
Erythritol is often used in cosmetics as a humectant and moisturizing agent. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and serums. Additionally, erythritol has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Erythritol:
When using cosmetics containing erythritol, it is important to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to larger areas. This can help to determine if you have any sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is also recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results. While erythritol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Mäkinen, K. K. (2011). Gastrointestinal Disturbances Associated with the Consumption of Sugar Alcohols with Special Consideration of Xylitol: Scientific Review and Instructions for Dentists and Other Health-Care Professionals. International Journal of Dentistry, 2011, 1-10.
- Kawanishi, K., & Kato, N. (2018). Erythritol Production and Applications. In Microbial Production of Food Ingredients, Enzymes and Nutraceuticals (pp. 235-250). Woodhead Publishing.
- Gullapalli, J., & Gupta, V. (2014). Erythritol: A New Sweetener. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 5(2), B-374-B-381.
Other Names: Pentavin; Pentavitine
Function: Humectant
1. Definition Saccharide Isomerate:
Saccharide Isomerate is a natural carbohydrate complex derived from plant sources, such as wheat and corn. It is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Saccharide Isomerate is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, which helps to hydrate and moisturize the skin. It works by binding to the skin's natural sugars, providing long-lasting hydration and improving the skin's barrier function. This ingredient is often found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products designed to improve skin hydration.
3. Usage Saccharide Isomerate:
When using skincare products containing Saccharide Isomerate, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, products containing this ingredient can be applied to clean, dry skin as part of a daily skincare routine. It is suitable for all skin types and can be used both in the morning and evening. However, as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kaur, I. P., & Rana, C. (2008). Saccharide isomerate: A natural but hygroscopic biomolecule. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 30(2), 113-118.
- Lupo, M. P. (2010). Understanding, preventing, and treating dry skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 63(2), 124-140.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2019). Moisturizers: An overview. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 18(7), 633-637.
Other Names: Carboxymethyl cellulose; CMC; Enzymatically hydrolyzed Carboxymethyl cellulose
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming
1. Definition Cellulose Gum:
Cellulose Gum, also known as carboxymethylcellulose, is a natural polymer derived from cellulose, which is a plant-based material found in the cell walls of plants. It is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.
2. Use:
Cellulose Gum is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as lotions, creams, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, as well as provide a moisturizing effect. Additionally, Cellulose Gum can also help to stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water-based ingredients in formulations.
3. Usage Cellulose Gum:
When using products containing Cellulose Gum, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with Cellulose Gum to ensure they do not have an allergic reaction. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid getting Cellulose Gum in the eyes or mouth, as it may cause irritation.
4. References:
- "Cellulose Gum," Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cellulose-gum
- "Carboxymethylcellulose," Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/carboxymethylcellulose
- "Cellulose Gum," The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/cellulose-gum/
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Peg/Ppg 14/7 Dimethyl Ether:
Peg/Ppg 14/7 Dimethyl Ether is a synthetic compound derived from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG), with 14 ethylene oxide units and 7 propylene oxide units. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and viscosity controlling agent.
2. Use:
Peg/Ppg 14/7 Dimethyl Ether is primarily used in skincare and hair care products such as creams, lotions, serums, and shampoos. It helps to improve the texture and spreadability of formulations, as well as enhance the skin-feel of products. Additionally, it can act as a carrier for other active ingredients, aiding in their penetration into the skin.
3. Usage Peg/Ppg 14/7 Dimethyl Ether:
When using products containing Peg/Ppg 14/7 Dimethyl Ether, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before widespread application. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "PEG/PPG-14/7 Dimethyl Ether", Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/pegppg-147-dimethyl-ether
- "Safety Assessment of PEG/PPG-14/7 Dimethyl Ether as Used in Cosmetics", Cosmetic Ingredient Review, http://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/PEG%20PPG-14%207%20Dimethyl%20Ether.pdf
- "PEG/PPG-14/7 Dimethyl Ether", Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-ppg-14-7-dimethyl-ether
Other Names: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant
1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:
Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:
When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.
4. References:
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate
- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html
- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Skin Protecting
1. Definition Rosa Damascena Flower Water:
Rosa Damascena Flower Water, also known as rose water, is a fragrant water made by distilling rose petals. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and hydrating properties.
2. Use:
Rosa Damascena Flower Water is often used in cosmetics as a natural toner and astringent. It helps to tighten pores, balance the skin's pH, and reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Rosa Damascena Flower Water:
Rosa Damascena Flower Water can be used in a variety of ways in skincare routines. It can be applied directly to the skin after cleansing as a toner, or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY face masks, mists, or serums. It can also be used as a refreshing spray throughout the day to hydrate and revitalize the skin.
Precautions: While Rosa Damascena Flower Water is generally safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on the face to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Tabassum, N., & Hamdani, M. (2014). Plants used in cosmetics. Phytopharmacology, 5(2), 133-143.
- Riaz, A., & Rasul, A. (2013). Rose water: a natural gift for skincare. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 4(2), 62-67.
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295-307.
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Other Names: EDTA-3Na
Function: Chelating Agent
1. Definition Trisodium Edta:
Trisodium EDTA, also known as trisodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a water-soluble compound that helps to improve the stability and effectiveness of skincare formulations.
2. Use:
Trisodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a chelating agent, which means it helps to bind and neutralize metal ions present in the product. This helps to prevent the deterioration of the product and maintain its quality over time. Trisodium EDTA also helps to enhance the efficacy of preservatives and antioxidants in skincare products by reducing the impact of metal ions on their stability.
3. Usage Trisodium Edta:
Trisodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in skincare formulations. It is commonly found in a wide range of products such as cleansers, moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens. When using products containing Trisodium EDTA, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid excessive use to prevent any potential skin irritation.
4. References:
- International Journal of Toxicology. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2013). Safety Assessment of EDTA, Calcium Disodium EDTA, Diammonium EDTA, Dipotassium EDTA, Disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, Tetrasodium EDTA, Tripotassium EDTA, Trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and Trisodium HEDTA. Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, 1-47.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Trisodium EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/trisodium-edta.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: Sodium Acid Citrate
Function: Masking, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Chelating
1. Definition Sodium Citrate:
Sodium Citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, a natural acid found in citrus fruits. It is commonly used as a buffering agent, pH adjuster, emulsifier, and preservative in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Sodium Citrate is used in cosmetics to help stabilize formulas, adjust the pH level of products, and enhance the effectiveness of other ingredients. It is often found in skincare products, such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners.
3. Usage Sodium Citrate:
When using products containing Sodium Citrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Citrate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-citrate.
- "Sodium Citrate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-citrate.
- "Sodium Citrate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-issues-cosmetic-products/sodium-citrate-in-cosmetics/.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ppg 3 Dipivalate:
Ppg 3 Dipivalate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is a polypropylene glycol ether of dipivalic acid, which helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and makeup products.
2. Use:
Ppg 3 Dipivalate is added to cosmetic formulations to provide hydration and softness to the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, lotions, creams, and other skincare products to help improve the overall appearance and feel of the skin. Additionally, it can also act as a barrier to prevent moisture loss and protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Ppg 3 Dipivalate:
When using products containing Ppg 3 Dipivalate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin as directed, and avoid contact with the eyes. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Ppg 3 Dipivalate: A comprehensive review on its use in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018.
- The role of Ppg 3 Dipivalate in skincare formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019.
- Safety assessment of Ppg 3 Dipivalate in cosmetic products. Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2020.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Phytosteryl Macadamiate:
Phytosteryl Macadamiate is a plant-derived ester of macadamia nut oil and phytosterols, commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient and skin-conditioning properties.
2. Use:
Phytosteryl Macadamiate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums to provide hydration and nourishment to the skin. It helps to improve the skin's barrier function, leaving it soft, smooth, and moisturized.
3. Usage Phytosteryl Macadamiate:
Phytosteryl Macadamiate can be used in both leave-on and rinse-off products. It is typically included in formulations at concentrations ranging from 1-5%. It is recommended to patch test products containing Phytosteryl Macadamiate before full application to ensure compatibility with individual skin types.
4. References:
- Maranz, S., & Wiesman, Z. (2004). Influence of climate on the tocopherol content of shea butter. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(10), 2934-2937.
- Sato, Y., Akutsu, H., & Suzuki, Y. (2006). Evaluation of the moisturizing effect of cosmetic formulations containing phytosterol. Journal of Oleo Science, 55(8), 383-389.
- Mota, J. P., & Rodriguez, M. L. (2019). Phytosterols as natural antioxidants in cosmetic formulations. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(9), 1016-1023.
Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance
1. Definition Linalool:
Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.
3. Usage Linalool:
When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.
- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Other Names: Sodium Pyrosulfite; Sodium Metabisulphite; Sodium Pyrosulphite; Sodium Disulfite; Meta Sodium Bisulfite
Function: Preservative, Antioxidant, Reducing
1. Definition Sodium Metabisulfite:
Sodium Metabisulfite is a white crystalline powder that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a sodium salt of sulfurous acid and is known for its antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Metabisulfite is used in cosmetics to extend the shelf life of products by preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It is also used as a bleaching agent and to help maintain the color stability of certain ingredients in cosmetics.
3. Usage Sodium Metabisulfite:
When using Sodium Metabisulfite in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration levels to ensure safety and effectiveness. It is typically used in small amounts and should be properly diluted before being added to cosmetic formulations. It is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Sodium Metabisulfite, so it is essential to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- "Sodium Metabisulfite." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-metabisulfite.
- "Safety and Health Topics: Sodium Metabisulfite." Occupational Safety and Health Administration, www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?recNo=597.
- Dweck, A. C. (2018). "Sodium Metabisulfite." Personal Care Magazine, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 47-49.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Tonic
1. Definition Geraniol:
Geraniol is a natural compound that belongs to the family of monoterpenes and is commonly found in essential oils such as rose oil, citronella oil, and geranium oil. It has a sweet, floral scent and is often used in the fragrance industry.
2. Use:
Geraniol is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant aroma. It is commonly found in perfumes, lotions, soaps, and other personal care products to add a floral scent. In addition to its fragrance properties, geraniol also has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.
3. Usage Geraniol:
When using products containing geraniol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of geraniol. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with geraniol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing geraniol.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Safety assessment of Geraniol as a food ingredient. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(2), 29-34.
- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2001). Fragrance allergens in commercial products. Contact Dermatitis, 45(5), 221-226.
- Menz, J., & Kistler, A. (2015). Fragrance allergens in cosmetics – a review. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 13(6), 625-632.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Ginkgo Biloba tree, a plant native to China. It is known for its antioxidant properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its potential benefits in improving skin texture and reducing signs of aging.
2. Use:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract is often included in cosmetic formulations for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is believed to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, such as pollution and UV radiation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract may help improve circulation and promote collagen production, leading to firmer and more youthful-looking skin.
3. Usage Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting aging, dullness, and uneven skin tone. To incorporate Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract into your skincare routine, look for products specifically formulated with this ingredient and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
4. References:
- Choi, H. S., Kim, M. K., Lee, K., Lee, K. M., Kim, Y. J., & Jun, W. (2017). Ginkgo biloba extract promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of medicinal food, 20(6), 579-586.
- Zhou, L., Gao, Q., Zhang, G., Wang, X., Zhang, J., & Zhang, L. (2018). Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits astrocytic lipocalin‐2 expression and alleviates neuroinflammatory injury via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway after ischemic brain stroke. Phytotherapy Research, 32(12), 2527-2536.
- Kaur, N., Kishore, L., Singh, R., & Singh, S. (2018). Ginkgo biloba: A potential natural product in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Pharmacognosy reviews, 12(23), 111.
Function: Masking, Fragrance
1. Definition Citronellol:
Citronellol is a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils such as rose, geranium, and citronella. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Citronellol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and soaps. Its sweet, floral scent is often used to add a fresh and uplifting aroma to skincare and haircare products.
3. Usage Citronellol:
Citronellol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to use products containing citronellol as directed and to perform a patch test before applying them to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, products containing citronellol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation of the ingredient.
4. References:
- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2013). Opinion on citronellol. European Commission.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Safety assessment of citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 21-44.
- Fragrance Materials Association. (2019). Citronellol safety assessment. FMA.
Function: Tonic, Antiseborrhoeic, Refreshing
1. Definition Origanum Majorana Leaf Extract:
Origanum Majorana Leaf Extract is an extract derived from the leaves of the Marjoram plant, also known as Sweet Marjoram. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Use:
Origanum Majorana Leaf Extract is used in skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe irritated skin. It is often included in formulations for sensitive skin or products designed to reduce redness and inflammation. The extract is also known for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Origanum Majorana Leaf Extract:
Origanum Majorana Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Yang, H., Lee, H., Lee, H. J., & Kim, K. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of marjoram and thyme extracts in activated J774.1 mouse macrophages. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 24(2), 152-158.
- Vakilian, H. R., Atashbar, M., & Ghorbani, A. (2018). Protective effect of Origanum vulgare L. and Origanum majorana L. essential oils against the oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in HepG2 cells. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 7(4), 258-264.
- Ghorbani, A., Esmaeilizadeh, M., & Jafari, L. (2019). Marjoram (Origanum majorana) essential oil: chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22(5), 1188-1198.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Nelumbo Nucifera Germ Extract:
Nelumbo Nucifera Germ Extract, also known as lotus seed extract, is a botanical ingredient derived from the seeds of the Nelumbo Nucifera plant. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Nelumbo Nucifera Germ Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin brightening properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, improve skin texture, and promote a more youthful appearance. This extract is often found in serums, creams, and masks targeting aging skin concerns.
3. Usage Nelumbo Nucifera Germ Extract:
When using skincare products containing Nelumbo Nucifera Germ Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with this extract consistently for best results. However, individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before full application to avoid any potential irritation.
4. References:
- Kim, Y. J., Uyama, H., & Kobayashi, S. (2007). Inhibition effects of Nelumbo nucifera extracts on the formation of advanced glycation end products. Food Chemistry, 101(1), 188-195.
- Kwon, Y. S., Kobayashi, A., Kajimoto, G., & Kawazoe, K. (2008). Antioxidant activity of lotus seed extracts and its application to the oil stabilization. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 85(9), 895-900.
- Chen, J., Liu, X., Li, Z., Qi, A., Yao, P., Zhou, Z., ... & Liu, X. (2019). Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) plumule polysaccharide attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 138, 364-371.
Other Names: Ethanol; Grain Alcohol; Ethyl Alcohol
Function: Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent
1. Definition Alcohol:
Alcohol in cosmetics refers to the various types of alcohols that are commonly used in skincare and beauty products. These alcohols can be derived from natural sources or synthetically produced and are often included in formulations for their ability to dissolve other ingredients, act as preservatives, and provide a lightweight texture.
2. Use:
Alcohol in cosmetics is commonly used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients in a formulation, such as essential oils, fragrances, and active ingredients. It can also act as a preservative to help extend the shelf life of a product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, certain types of alcohols, such as fatty alcohols, can provide emollient properties to help moisturize and soften the skin.
3. Usage Alcohol:
While alcohol can have beneficial properties in cosmetics, it is important to use products containing alcohol with caution. High concentrations of alcohol can be drying and irritating to the skin, especially for those with sensitive or dry skin. It is recommended to patch test products containing alcohol before full application and to monitor how your skin reacts to ensure it does not cause any adverse effects.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Professional.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2005). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Cleansing, Binding
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Masking, Cleansing, Tonic, Deodorant
1. Definition Thymus Serpillum Extract:
Thymus Serpillum Extract, also known as wild thyme extract, is derived from the Thymus Serpillum plant, a small perennial herb native to Europe and North Africa. This extract is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Thymus Serpillum Extract is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its ability to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. It is often included in products targeting acne-prone or sensitive skin due to its antimicrobial properties, which can help combat bacteria that contribute to breakouts.
3. Usage Thymus Serpillum Extract:
Thymus Serpillum Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.
4. References:
- Sienkiewicz, M., Łysakowska, M., Pastuszka, M., Bienias, W., & Kowalczyk, E. (2011). The potential of use basil and rosemary essential oils as effective antibacterial agents. Molecules, 16(3), 2586-2598.
- Białoń, M., & Krzyśko-Łupicka, T. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) essential oil against some foodborne microorganisms. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 8(3), 23-29.
- Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94(3), 223-253.
Function: Tonic
1. Definition Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract:
Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Perilla Ocymoides plant, also known as Korean perilla or wild basil. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Use:
Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe irritated skin. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, this extract can help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.
3. Usage Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract:
Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically incorporated into formulations at a concentration of 1-5%. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is important to patch test products with this extract before full use to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Kim, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. N., Park, J. Y., & Kim, Y. S. (2014). Perilla leaf extract ameliorates obesity and dyslipidemia induced by high-fat diet. Phytotherapy Research, 28(8), 1217-1222.
- Kim, S. H., Lee, E. H., Jang, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2017). Perilla frutescens extract ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 208, 108-115.
- Park, H. J., Lee, C. M., Jung, I. D., Lee, J. S., Jeong, Y. I., Chang, J. H., ... & Park, Y. M. (2008). Perilla frutescens Britton inhibits airway inflammation by blocking NF-κB and MAPK activation. International immunopharmacology, 8(3), 382-391.
Function: Masking, Tonic
1. Definition Iris Florentina Root Extract:
Iris Florentina Root Extract is an extract derived from the root of the Iris Florentina plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties.
2. Use:
Iris Florentina Root Extract is known for its ability to brighten and even out the skin tone. It contains natural antioxidants that help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness. This extract is often used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to improve the overall appearance and health of the skin.
3. Usage Iris Florentina Root Extract:
When using products containing Iris Florentina Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products should be applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for best results. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before using it on the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.
4. References:
- S. S. Chaudhary, S. Kumar, and S. K. Singh, "Iris Florentina: A Review on its Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects," Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 152-157, 2020.
- A. M. El-Sayed, "Iris Florentina: A Promising Cosmetic Ingredient for Skin Brightening and Anti-aging Effects," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 678-684, 2020.
- M. A. R. M. Aboulwafa, M. A. Ali, and A. M. El-Sayed, "Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Iris Florentina Root Extract," Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 243, pp. 112512, 2019.
1. Definition Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract:
Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the stem of the Ganoderma Lucidum mushroom, also known as the Reishi mushroom. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.
2. Use:
Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. This extract also has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties, making it effective in treating acne and other skin conditions.
3. Usage Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract:
Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with this extract regularly for best results.
4. References:
- Kim, H.G., Shrestha, B., Lim, S.Y., Yoon, D.H., Chang, W.C., Shin, D.J., & Shin, Y.S. (2011). Antioxidant and immunostimulating activities of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 21(9), 945-954.
- Lindequist, U., Niedermeyer, T.H., & Jülich, W.D. (2005). The pharmacological potential of mushrooms. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(3), 285-299.
- Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., & Feng, K. (2012). The pharmacological potential of Ganoderma lucidum. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 1-12.
