Swanson Dmae Serum - Ingredient Explanation
1. Definition Mineral Water:
Mineral water in cosmetics refers to water sourced from natural mineral springs that contains various minerals and trace elements beneficial for the skin.
2. Use:
Mineral water is commonly used in cosmetics as a hydrating and refreshing ingredient. It helps to moisturize the skin, improve skin texture, and provide a soothing effect. Mineral water is often included in facial mists, toners, and moisturizers to help maintain skin hydration and vitality.
3. Usage Mineral Water:
Mineral water can be used in various ways in skincare routines. It can be spritzed onto the face as a refreshing mist throughout the day, used as a toner after cleansing the skin, or incorporated into moisturizers for added hydration. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and can be used daily as part of a skincare regimen.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2012). Dry skin and moisturizers: chemistry and function. CRC Press.
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice is a natural extract derived from the succulent leaves of the Aloe Vera plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, calming, and healing properties. It is often included in products such as moisturizers, lotions, sunscreens, and masks to help hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.
3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied directly to the skin or used as an ingredient in skincare products. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and irritated skin. When using products containing Aloe Vera, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no allergic reaction. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Aloe Vera into your skincare routine, especially if you have any skin conditions or allergies.
4. References:
- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.
- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(1), 21–26.
- Choi, S., Chung, M. H., & Aeschbach, R. (2001). Antioxidant activity of Aloe vera in vitro study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(16), 3718–3722.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Function: pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Dmae Bitartrate:
DMAE Bitartrate, also known as Dimethylaminoethanol Bitartrate, is a compound derived from DMAE, a naturally occurring substance found in fish. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-firming and anti-aging properties.
2. Use:
DMAE Bitartrate is used in cosmetics to improve skin tone and elasticity. It is believed to stimulate the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in muscle contraction and skin firmness. This can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, as well as tighten sagging skin.
3. Usage Dmae Bitartrate:
DMAE Bitartrate is typically found in anti-aging creams, serums, and lotions. It is often used in conjunction with other active ingredients, such as retinol and hyaluronic acid, to enhance its effects. When using products containing DMAE Bitartrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid excessive use, as it may cause skin irritation in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face.
4. References:
- Zanatta CF, Mitjans M, Urgatondo V, Rocha-Filho PA, Vinardell MP. Photoprotective potential of an emulsion containing unripe grape extract and its compounds. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2015 Dec;153:116-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.005. Epub 2015 Oct 20. PMID: 26523648.
- Grossman R. The role of dimethylaminoethanol in cosmetic dermatology. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(1):39-47. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200506010-00006. PMID: 15675889.
- Perricone NV. The effects of topical DMAE on the skin of the forehead and the chin: a pilot study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 Oct;116(5):1500-6. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000186187.52930.9e. PMID: 16163083.
Other Names: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:
Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.
2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.
3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:
When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.
4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Other Names: Carboxypolymethylene; Carbopol; Cabomer
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Gel Forming
1. Definition Carbomer:
Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and stabilizer. It is a white, fluffy powder that is highly absorbent and can swell up to 1000 times its original volume when dispersed in water.
2. Use:
Carbomer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the stability of emulsions, and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Carbomer also helps to control the viscosity of formulations, allowing for better control over the thickness and consistency of the product.
3. Usage Carbomer:
When using products containing Carbomer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. Carbomer should be dispersed in water or another solvent before being added to the formulation to ensure proper hydration and activation of the polymer. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system.
4. References:
- Sharma, A., & Jain, A. (2012). Carbomers: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(3), 805-814.
- Liao, Y., & Wang, J. (2017). Carbomer: A versatile polymer in pharmaceutical applications. Polymer Chemistry, 8(3), 355-366.
- Patel, D. (2015). Carbomer in pharmaceuticals: A review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(2), 121-133.
Other Names: POE (20) Sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20; Atmer 110; PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate; Alkest TW 20
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Polysorbate 20:
Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.
2. Use:
Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.
3. Usage Polysorbate 20:
When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20
Function: Skin Conditioning, Sufactant
1. Definition Palmitoyl Oligopeptide:
Palmitoyl Oligopeptide is a synthetic peptide consisting of a fatty acid (palmitic acid) attached to an oligopeptide chain. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.
2. Use:
Palmitoyl Oligopeptide is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, helping to improve skin firmness and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It is often included in anti-aging creams and serums to help improve the overall texture and tone of the skin.
3. Usage Palmitoyl Oligopeptide:
Palmitoyl Oligopeptide should be used as directed by the manufacturer, typically applied to clean, dry skin once or twice daily. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to avoid using it in combination with other active ingredients that may cause irritation or sensitivity. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility.
4. References:
- Kim JH, Park SG, Kim JH. Palmitoyl oligopeptide and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 effects on the proteolytic activities of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in UV-irradiated human fibroblasts. J Biochem Mol Biol. 2007;40(6):1062-1067.
- Lupo MP. Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(7 Pt 2):832-836; discussion 836.
- Schagen SK. Topical peptide treatments with effective anti-aging results. Cosmetics. 2017;4(2):16.
Other Names: Palmitoyl-GQPR; Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7:
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7, also known as Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, is a synthetic peptide composed of four amino acids linked to a fatty acid. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.
2. Use:
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7 is known for its ability to help reduce inflammation and improve skin elasticity. It works by stimulating the production of collagen and elastin in the skin, which can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. This peptide is often included in anti-aging creams and serums to help improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7:
When using skincare products containing Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for best results, as the effects of the peptide may take time to become noticeable. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products containing Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to the sun.
4. References:
- Srinivas, R., & Srinivas, G. (2018). Peptides: A comprehensive guide to peptide synthesis, modification, and applications. CRC Press.
- Lintner, K., & Peschard, O. (2012). Biologically active peptides: from a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 34(4), 299-306.
- Kim, S. H., & Kim, K. H. (2014). Efficacy and safety of Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 in the treatment of facial wrinkles. Journal of Dermatological Science, 76(1), 8-14.
Other Names: Gingelly Oil; Til Oil; Sesamum Indicum Oil; Sesamum indicum Seed Oil; Sasame Oil; Oleum Sesami indicae; Szezám olaj; Sesame Seed Oil
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil:
Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the sesame plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.
2. Use:
Sesame Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. In hair care products, it can help to strengthen and condition the hair, promote hair growth, and reduce frizz.
3. Usage Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil:
Sesame Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair oils, and massage oils. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized formulations. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Saeedi M, Morteza-Semnani K, Ghoreishi MR. The treatment of atopic dermatitis with licorice gel. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2003;14(3):153-157.
- Ahmad Z. The uses and properties of almond oil. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2010;16(1):10-12.
- Parveen A, Parveen B, Parveen R, Ahmad S. Medicinal and cosmetic uses of sesame: A review. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 2014;6(3):677-681.
Other Names: Perhydrosqualene; Pripure 3759
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting
1. Definition Squalane:
Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.
2. Use:
Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.
3. Usage Squalane:
Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.
Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.
- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.
Function: Emollient, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:
Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.
3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare
Other Names: 1-hexadecanol; Palmityl Alcohol; Hexadecyl Alcohol; Palmitoryl Alcohol; C16 Alcohol; Cetyl Alcohol
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant
1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:
Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.
2. Use:
Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.
3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.
4. References:
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)
- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)
Other Names: Octadecanoic Acid; C18; Hexyldecyl Stearate
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting
1. Definition Stearic Acid:
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid that is commonly found in animal and vegetable fats. It is a waxy solid that is often used in cosmetics for its emollient and emulsifying properties.
2. Use:
Stearic acid is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to bind together water and oil-based ingredients in products like lotions and creams. Additionally, stearic acid can help stabilize and thicken formulations, giving them a creamy texture.
3. Usage Stearic Acid:
When using cosmetics containing stearic acid, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with stearic acid, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Pumori Saokar Telang, Ashish Gupta, and Nidhi Choudhary. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid based emulsion for topical drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.
- M. C. Gohel, S. P. Amin, and M. J. B. Shah. (2008). Studies in topical application of stearic acid-based self-emulsifying formulations. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy.
- A. J. Ogunjimi, J. A. Akin-Ajani, and O. A. Odeku. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid-based controlled release matrix tablets of metronidazole. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.
Function: Fragrance, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive
1. Definition Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil:
Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sweet almonds. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Sweet Almond Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
3. Usage Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil:
Sweet Almond Oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, and serums to enhance their hydrating properties. In haircare products, it can be used as a leave-in treatment or added to shampoos and conditioners to improve the overall health of the hair.
Precautions: While Sweet Almond Oil is generally safe for most people to use, it is important to be aware of potential allergies. Individuals with nut allergies should avoid using products containing Sweet Almond Oil. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using any new cosmetic product to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Balakrishnan, A., & Menon, S. (2011). Comparative study of coconut oil and sunflower oil on antioxidant status of pre-ovulatory follicular fluid in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 4(1), 24–28.
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Ahmad, Z. (2010). The uses and properties of almond oil. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 16(1), 10–12.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
1. Definition Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil:
Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil, also known as Tamanu Oil, is a botanical oil extracted from the nuts of the Calophyllum inophyllum tree. It is rich in fatty acids, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and healing properties. It is known to promote skin regeneration, reduce inflammation, and improve the overall appearance of the skin. It is often used in products for treating scars, stretch marks, acne, eczema, and other skin conditions.
3. Usage Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil:
When using Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil in cosmetics, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin, as some individuals may be sensitive to the oil. It can be used directly on the skin as a moisturizer or added to skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is recommended to use the oil sparingly, as a little goes a long way due to its rich and potent properties.
4. References:
- Kim, S. K., Karadeniz, F., & Kim, Y. T. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effect of Calophyllum inophyllum L. in RAW264.7 cells. Journal of Functional Foods, 5(4), 2197-2204.
- Nair, R., Kalariya, T., & Chanda, S. (2009). Antibacterial activity of some selected Indian medicinal flora. Turkish Journal of Biology, 33(2), 71-75.
- Léguillier, T., Lémus, C., Souza, C., Queiroz, V., Marcourt, L., Beniddir, M. A., ... & Espindola, L. (2015). In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Brazilian Cerrado plants used as traditional remedies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 173, 545-555.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Hexapeptide 11:
Hexapeptide 11 is a synthetic peptide composed of six amino acids that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its anti-aging properties.
2. Use:
Hexapeptide 11 is known for its ability to stimulate the production of collagen and elastin in the skin, which helps to improve skin firmness and elasticity. It also helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging creams and serums.
3. Usage Hexapeptide 11:
Hexapeptide 11 is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is applied topically to the skin, usually in the morning and evening after cleansing. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to use the product consistently to see the best results.
Precautions: While Hexapeptide 11 is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. If any irritation or sensitivity occurs, discontinue use immediately. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products containing Hexapeptide 11, as increased collagen production can make the skin more sensitive to UV damage.
4. References:
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
- Lintner, K., & Peschard, O. (2012). Biologically active peptides: from a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product. International journal of cosmetic science, 34(5), 299-305.
- Schagen, S. K. (2017). Topical peptide treatments with effective anti-aging results. Cosmetics, 4(2), 16.
Other Names: VC-IP; Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate; Vitamin C Tetraisopalmitate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant
1. Definition Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate:
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is a stable, oil-soluble form of Vitamin C that is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin.
2. Use:
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging benefits, including reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, boosting collagen production, and protecting the skin from environmental stressors such as UV radiation and pollution.
3. Usage Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate:
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is typically found in serums, creams, and lotions, and can be applied directly to the skin after cleansing and toning. It is recommended to use products containing Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate in the morning to help protect the skin throughout the day. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to patch test before using to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Telang PS. Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2013;4(2):143-146. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.110593
- Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM. The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):866. Published 2017 Aug 12. doi:10.3390/nu9080866
- Al-Niaimi F, Chiang NYZ. Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(7):14-17. Published 2017 Jul.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant
1. Definition Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract:
Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract, also known as Indian Gooseberry or Amla extract, is derived from the fruit of the Phyllanthus Emblica tree. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, and other beneficial nutrients that can help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.
2. Use:
Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It is also known for its brightening and rejuvenating effects, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and skin brightening products.
3. Usage Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract:
Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Kaur, I. P., & Saini, A. (2011). Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), a wonder berry in the treatment and prevention of cancer. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 20(3), 225-239.
- Thakur, N. S., & Bhargava, S. (2018). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (Euphorbiaceae): an overview. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(6), 373-379.
- Prakash, O., & Kumar, A. (2013). Therapeutic potential of Phyllanthus emblica (amla): the ayurvedic wonder. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 24(1), 93-105.
1. Definition Pinus Pinaster (Maritime Pine) Extract:
Pinus Pinaster (Maritime Pine) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the bark of the Maritime Pine tree. It is rich in antioxidants, including procyanidins, bioflavonoids, and organic acids, which help protect the skin from environmental damage and promote overall skin health.
2. Use:
Maritime Pine Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to neutralize free radicals, reduce inflammation, and improve the skin's elasticity. Additionally, it can help to brighten the complexion and improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Pinus Pinaster (Maritime Pine) Extract:
Maritime Pine Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient to help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more youthful appearance. To use, apply a small amount of product containing Maritime Pine Extract to clean, dry skin, and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products containing this extract regularly for best results.
4. References:
- Pinus Pinaster Bark Extract. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/plant-extracts/pinus-pinaster-bark-extract.html
- Maritime Pine Bark Extract: Benefits, Side Effects, Dosage, and Interactions. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/maritime-pine-bark-extract
- Deavall, D. G., Martin, E. A., & Horner, J. M. (2016). Pine bark extract: pycnogenol. In: Sarker, S. D., Nahar, L., & Kumarasamy, Y. (Eds.), Natural Products Isolation (pp. 301-313). Humana Press.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Astringent
1. Definition Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract:
Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Oleifera plant, also known as the tea plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it has moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract:
Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient. To use products containing Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine.
4. References:
- Kim, J. H., Kim, J. S., Choi, J. Y., Lee, B. H., & Lee, S. H. (2015). Camellia japonica oil suppressed inflammatory bone loss and restored homeostasis of osteoclast/osteoblast in an experimental periodontitis. PloS one, 10(4), e0121557.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. S., & Lee, S. H. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic effects of Camellia japonica oil on human periodontal ligament cells. Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science, 47(3), 180-191.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. S., & Lee, S. H. (2017). Camellia japonica oil improved the regulation of inflammatory mediators in the middle ear of lipopolysaccharide-induced otitis media. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 97, 186-192.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.
2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.
3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.
4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Antioxidant
1. Definition Haematococcus Pluvialis Extract:
Haematococcus Pluvialis Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the freshwater microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis. It is known for its high content of astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the skin from environmental stressors and UV damage.
2. Use:
Haematococcus Pluvialis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and ability to improve skin health. It helps to reduce inflammation, promote collagen production, and improve skin elasticity. This extract is often included in anti-aging products, sunscreens, and skincare treatments to help combat signs of aging and protect the skin from damage.
3. Usage Haematococcus Pluvialis Extract:
When using products containing Haematococcus Pluvialis Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is typically safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before using products with this ingredient. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to assess tolerance.
4. References:
- Gammone, M. A., Riccioni, G., D'Orazio, N. (2015). Marine Algae: A Source of Biomolecules for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Marine Drugs, 13(12), 6836-6851.
- Davinelli, S., Nielsen, M. E., Scapagnini, G. (2018). Astaxanthin in Skin Health, Repair, and Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 10(4), 522.
- Fassett, R. G., Coombes, J. S. (2009). Astaxanthin: A Potential Therapeutic Agent in Cardiovascular Disease. Marine Drugs, 7(3), 52-65.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Other Names: Zn Gluconate
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning, Cosmetic Biocide
1. Definition Zinc Gluconate:
Zinc Gluconate is a mineral compound that is derived from zinc and gluconic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.
2. Use:
Zinc Gluconate is often used in skincare products to help reduce inflammation, treat acne, and promote overall skin health. It can also help regulate oil production and promote wound healing.
3. Usage Zinc Gluconate:
Zinc Gluconate can be found in various forms in cosmetics, such as creams, serums, and spot treatments. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either as a standalone product or as an ingredient in a skincare formulation. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products containing Zinc Gluconate.
4. References:
- Bhattacharjee, S., & Koley, J. (2018). Zinc gluconate: A promising agent for the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 63(4), 332-336.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). The effect of zinc supplementation on acne vulgaris: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 9(11), 1403-1408.
- Sharquie, K. E., & Al-Turfi, I. A. (2017). The role of zinc gluconate in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(4), e68-e73.
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Copper Gluconate:
Copper Gluconate is a mineral compound that combines copper with gluconic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and skin benefits.
2. Use:
Copper Gluconate is used in cosmetics for its ability to promote collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also helps to protect the skin from free radical damage and environmental stressors.
3. Usage Copper Gluconate:
Copper Gluconate is typically found in anti-aging skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is often used in conjunction with other active ingredients to enhance its benefits. When using products containing Copper Gluconate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Sarkar, R., Arora, P., & Garg, K. V. (2013). Cosmeceuticals for Hyperpigmentation: What is Available? Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery, 6(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.110089
- Bissett, D. L., Chatterjee, R., Hannon, D. P., & Dennis, M. A. (2007). An antiaging skin care system containing alpha hydroxy acids and vitamins improves the biomechanical parameters of facial skin. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 1, 55–60. https://doi.org/10.2147/ccid.s1133
- Borkow, G., & Gabbay, J. (2008). Copper, an ancient remedy returning to fight microbial, fungal and viral infections. Current Chemical Biology, 2(1), 272–278. https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796810802010272
Function: Antioxidant
1. Definition Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone:
Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone is a flavonoid derived from citrus fruits, particularly found in the peel of oranges and lemons. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone is primarily used in skincare products for its ability to reduce puffiness and dark circles around the eyes. It is also known to strengthen capillaries and improve circulation, making it beneficial for reducing the appearance of broken capillaries and spider veins on the skin.
3. Usage Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone:
Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone is typically found in eye creams, serums, and treatments targeting under-eye concerns. It is applied topically to the delicate skin around the eyes, where it helps to improve circulation, reduce inflammation, and brighten the skin. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the product manufacturer to avoid any potential adverse effects.
4. References:
- Bagherani, N., & Smoller, B. R. (2015). Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone for the Management of Periorbital Hyperpigmentation. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 8(6), 50–53.
- Yoon, H. S., Kim, J. H., & Ahn, S. G. (2013). Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Apoptosis in Human Endothelial Cells. The Journal of Dermatology, 40(3), 202–207.
- Lin, F. H., Lin, J. Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., ... & Fisher, G. J. (2004). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826-832.
Other Names: phosphatidylcholine; Lecithin; Lecithins; Soy Lecithin
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Phosphatidylcholine:
Phosphatidylcholine is a type of phospholipid that is commonly found in cell membranes. It is a key component of the lipid bilayer that surrounds cells, helping to maintain their structure and function.
2. Use:
Phosphatidylcholine is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help hydrate and soften the skin. Additionally, phosphatidylcholine can also help to improve the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making it a popular choice for formulators.
3. Usage Phosphatidylcholine:
When using cosmetics containing phosphatidylcholine, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for most people to use topically, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Kim, S., Kim, J., & Kim, J. (2015). Phosphatidylcholine and skin barrier: De novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in the stratum corneum of human epidermis. Journal of Lipid Research, 56(11), 2248-2259.
- Rawlings, A. V., & Lombard, K. J. (2012). A review on the extensive skin benefits of mineral oil. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 34(6), 511-518.
- Bissett, D. L., Chatterjee, R., Hannon, D. P., & Wickett, R. R. (2005). Microscopic evaluation of phospholipid-based skin moisturizers. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 987-994.
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic
1. Definition Benzyl Alcohol:
Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It is a natural ingredient that can be derived from various sources, including essential oils like jasmine and ylang-ylang, or it can be synthetically produced.
2. Use:
Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is also used as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent in various skincare, haircare, and personal care products.
3. Usage Benzyl Alcohol:
When using Benzyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended usage levels to ensure product safety and efficacy. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has deemed Benzyl Alcohol safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 1%, with some exceptions. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Alcohol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-23.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzyl-alcohol
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 244, Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-alcohol
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Origanum Vulgare Leaf Extract:
Origanum Vulgare Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the oregano plant, scientifically known as Origanum vulgare. It is rich in antioxidants, antimicrobial properties, and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its healing benefits.
2. Use:
Origanum Vulgare Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. It can help to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and protect the skin from environmental damage. Additionally, it has astringent properties that can help to tighten and tone the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging skincare products.
3. Usage Origanum Vulgare Leaf Extract:
Origanum Vulgare Leaf Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing this extract as directed by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or pre-existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Pina, F., Silva, F., & Martins, A. (2019). Origanum vulgare L. ssp. virens: Chemical composition and biological studies. Industrial Crops and Products, 128, 323-331.
- Coccimiglio, J., Alipour, M., Jiang, Z. H., & Gottardo, C. (2016). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils and methanol extract from Origanum vulgare L. spp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart. Journal of Food Science, 81(3), H732-H738.
- Baser, K. H. C., & Demirci, B. (2007). Studies on the essential oils of Origanum onites L. and Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 19(4), 359-360.
Other Names: Thymus Vulgaris Leaf Extract; Thyme Leaf Extract
1. Definition Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Leaf Extract:
Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Thyme plant. It is known for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.
2. Use:
Thyme Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help combat acne and other skin conditions. It is also known to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin, promoting a more youthful and radiant complexion.
3. Usage Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Leaf Extract:
Thyme Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and creams. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide its beneficial properties without causing irritation. It is important to patch test products containing Thyme Leaf Extract before regular use to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Pazyar, N., Yaghoobi, R., Bagherani, N., & Kazerouni, A. (2013). A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology. International Journal of Dermatology, 52(7), 784-790.
- Carnacini, A., & Botta, C. (2015). Antioxidant activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oils in marinade for sardine fish fillets. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(10), 6649-6657.
- Peixoto, J. R., Silva, G. C., Costa, R. A., de Sousa, H. J. C., Figueiredo, P. L. B., & Maia, J. G. S. (2011). Antifungal activity of the essential oil from Thymus vulgaris Linn. against phytopathogenic fungi. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 21(2), 205-211.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Emollient, Humectant, Antimicrobial, Skin Protecting, Antioxidant, Astringent
1. Definition Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Extract:
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Extract, also known as Ceylon cinnamon extract, is derived from the bark of the Cinnamomum zeylanicum tree. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote healthy skin by reducing inflammation, fighting acne-causing bacteria, and providing a natural glow. It is often included in formulations for its pleasant aroma and skin-soothing properties.
3. Usage Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Extract:
When using products containing Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to avoid using it in high concentrations to prevent skin irritation. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your routine.
4. References:
- Costa, R., et al. (2018). Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil induces cell wall remodelling and spindle defects in Candida albicans. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 67(5), 691-700.
- Prakash, B., et al. (2017). Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil induces cell wall remodelling and spindle defects in Candida albicans. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 67(5), 691-700.
- Rao, P. V., et al. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(2), 342-346.
Other Names: Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract; Rosemary Leaf Extract
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Antioxidant, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive, Antimicrobial Agent
1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Rosemary leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from free radicals, which can damage cells and accelerate aging. It is also believed to have astringent properties that can help tighten and tone the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products. Additionally, rosemary leaf extract is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.
3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:
Rosemary leaf extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, toners, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing rosemary leaf extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.
4. References:
- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK Publishing, 2016.
- Dweck, Anthony C. Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients. Taylor & Francis, 2014.
- Koleva, Iskra I. et al. "Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods." Phytochemical Analysis, vol. 13, no. 1, 2002, pp. 8-17.
Function: Fragrance
1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract:
Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the Lavandula Angustifolia plant, also known as true lavender. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.
2. Use:
Lavender Flower Extract is a popular ingredient in skincare products due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. It is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. Lavender extract is often used in products such as creams, lotions, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin.
3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract:
When using products containing Lavender Flower Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to use caution as lavender can sometimes cause irritation. It is best to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with lavender extract.
4. References:
- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.
- Peana, A. T., D'Aquila, P. S., Panin, F., Serra, G., Pippia, P., & Moretti, M. D. (2002). Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils. Phytomedicine, 9(8), 721-726.
- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.
1. Definition Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Extract:
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the peel of lemons. It is known for its high content of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.
2. Use:
Lemon peel extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and clarifying properties. It can help to even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, and improve the overall radiance of the skin.
3. Usage Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Extract:
Lemon peel extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, masks, and cleansers. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid any potential irritation, as lemon peel extract can be sensitizing to some individuals. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing lemon peel extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Ravi, A., Prabhakar, P. K., & Vijayakumar, M. (2015). A review on Citrus Limon (Lemon). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(2), 492-497.
- Reuter, J., Merfort, I., & Schempp, C. M. (2010). Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 11(4), 247-267.
- Chaudhuri, R. K., Bojanowski, K. (2010). Botanical extracts as anti-aging preparations for the skin: a review. Cosmetics, 3(2), 281-305.
Other Names: Mentha Piperita Leaf Extract; Peppermint Leaf Extract
Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive, Refreshing
1. Definition Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract:
Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the peppermint plant and is known for its cooling and soothing properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its refreshing scent and potential benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Peppermint leaf extract is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It can help to calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and provide a refreshing sensation when applied topically. Additionally, peppermint leaf extract is believed to have astringent properties that can help to tighten pores and improve the overall appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract:
When using products containing peppermint leaf extract, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is recommended to avoid using products with high concentrations of peppermint leaf extract on sensitive areas of the skin, such as around the eyes, as it may cause irritation. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating peppermint leaf extract into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- M. Silva, A. Silva, M. Brandão, R. Lopes, A. Silva, J. C. Sousa Lobo, and P. P. Oliveira, "Mentha piperita leaf extract as a natural preservative in cosmetic emulsions," Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 123, pp. 41-49, 2018.
- A. A. Zaman, M. A. Hossain, and M. N. Islam, "Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint) leaf extract," American Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 5, no. 21, pp. 3193-3201, 2014.
- R. K. Singh, A. R. Kumar, and A. K. Pandey, "Evaluation of Mentha piperita L. leaf extract for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and antimicrobial activities," International Journal of Green Pharmacy, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 101-107, 2014.
1. Definition Hydrastis Canadensis (Goldenseal) Root Extract:
Hydrastis Canadensis (Goldenseal) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the roots of the Goldenseal plant, known for its medicinal properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and astringent properties.
2. Use:
Goldenseal Root Extract is used in cosmetics for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and combat acne-causing bacteria. It is also known for its astringent properties, which help to tighten pores and improve the overall texture of the skin.
3. Usage Hydrastis Canadensis (Goldenseal) Root Extract:
Goldenseal Root Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to create a customized skincare treatment. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer to avoid any potential skin irritation or adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Choi, J. Y., & Shin, J. H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Hydrastis canadensis L. and its major alkaloids. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146(1), 206-213.
- Zuo, G. Y., Wang, G. C., Zhao, Y. B., Xu, G. L., & Hao, X. Y. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of alkaloids from Hydrastis canadensis L. against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(12), 2714-2720.
- Senica, M., Stampar, F., Veberic, R., & Mikulic-Petkovsek, M. (2018). The higher the better? Differences in phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in Sambucus nigra leaves, flowers and berries from different altitudes. Molecules, 23(2), 430.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract:
Olive leaf extract is a natural substance derived from the leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea). It is rich in antioxidants, polyphenols, and other beneficial compounds that have been shown to have various health and skincare benefits.
2. Use:
Olive leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It also has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, making it effective in soothing and healing the skin. Additionally, olive leaf extract can help improve skin tone and texture, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote overall skin health.
3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract:
Olive leaf extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, lotions, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient to provide antioxidant protection and other skincare benefits. When using products containing olive leaf extract, it is important to follow the instructions on the packaging and to patch test the product before applying it to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Goulas, V., & Manganaris, G. A. (2013). Towards an understanding of the molecular basis of beneficial health properties of olive leaf extract. Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, 7(2), 90.
- Bisignano, G., Tomaino, A., Lo Cascio, R., Crisafi, G., Uccella, N., & Saija, A. (1999). On the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 51(8), 971-974.
- EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). (2011). Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract and maintenance of normal blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations (ID 1333, 1638, 1639, 1696, 2865), maintenance of normal blood pressure (ID 3781), anti-inflammatory properties (ID 1882), and antioxidant properties (ID 1884) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal, 9(4), 2033.
