Name: The Potion Masters Fairy Fountain Antioxidant Hydration Serum
Brand: The Potion Masters
Rating: 5 (6 reviews)

Propanediol

Other Names: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol

Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Propanediol:

Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.

2. Use:

Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Propanediol:

Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.

- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.

- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.

Glycerin

Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

Tremella Fuciformis (Mushroom) Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant

1. Definition Tremella Fuciformis (Mushroom) Extract:

Tremella Fuciformis (Mushroom) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Tremella Fuciformis mushroom, also known as snow fungus. It is commonly used in skincare products for its hydrating and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Tremella Fuciformis Extract is known for its ability to deeply hydrate the skin, making it an ideal ingredient for moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is also rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, Tremella Fuciformis Extract has been shown to have skin-soothing properties, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tremella Fuciformis (Mushroom) Extract:

Tremella Fuciformis Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, and serums. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients. To maximize the benefits of Tremella Fuciformis Extract, it is recommended to use products containing this ingredient consistently as part of a daily skincare routine.

4. References:

- Kim, S. et al. (2019). Tremella fuciformis extract protects against UVB-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(24), 6322.

- Wang, Y. et al. (2018). Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide suppresses hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 210, 218-227.

- Zhang, Z. et al. (2017). Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages through miR-155. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 105(Pt 1), 1219-1225.

Vaccinium Angustifolium (Wild Blueberry) Seed

Function: Abrasive

1. Definition Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Seed:

Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Seed is the seed extract derived from the blueberry plant, known for its antioxidant properties and high levels of vitamins A and C.

2. Use:

Blueberry seed extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps protect the skin from environmental stressors, promote collagen production, and improve overall skin health.

3. Usage Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Seed:

Blueberry seed extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient to help brighten and rejuvenate the skin. When using products containing blueberry seed extract, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer to avoid any potential skin irritation.

4. References:

- J. Park, S. Kim, and H. Kim, "Blueberry seed oil promotes skin barrier function and prevents skin aging in vitro and in vivo," Journal of Functional Foods, vol. 33, pp. 231-239, 2017.

- M. R. Khan, A. M. A. Rizvi, and S. A. Khan, "Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) seed extract improves facial wrinkles and increases the skin elasticity in human," International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 686-691, 2016.

- C. H. Lee, S. Y. Kim, and J. H. Lee, "Protective effects of blueberry seed oil against UVB-induced damage in human dermal fibroblasts," Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 166, pp. 226-234, 2017.

Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Extract

Other Names: Green Tea Extract Powder; Green Tea Extract; Camellia Sinensis Extract

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous

1. Definition Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Extract:

Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green tea. It is rich in antioxidants, particularly catechins, which help to protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

2. Use:

Green tea extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which can help to reduce inflammation, protect against UV damage, and improve overall skin health. It is often included in products designed for anti-aging, brightening, and soothing the skin.

3. Usage Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Extract:

Green tea extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, and cleansers. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either on its own or as part of a formulation with other beneficial ingredients. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to perform a patch test before using a new product containing green tea extract to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Yoon HS, Kim JR, Park GY, Kim JY, Won YJ, Kim HR, Kim BJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea extract on photoaged human skin. J Dermatol Sci. 2016 Oct;84(1):74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.06.016. Epub 2016 Jul 1. PMID: 27422719.

- Chiu AE, Chan JL, Kern DG, Kohler S, Rehmus WE, Kimball AB. Double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of green tea extracts in the clinical and histologic appearance of photoaging skin. Dermatol Surg. 2005 Jul;31(7 Pt 2):855-60; discussion 860. doi: 10.1097/00042728-200507000-00011. PMID: 16029678.

- Zhou B, Wu LM, Yang L, Liu ZL. Evidence for alpha-bisabolol as a natural antioxidant. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Aug 8;55(16):6302-6306. doi: 10.1021/jf070477y. Epub 2007 Jul 11. PMID: 17625876.

Paeonia Lactiflora Root Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Paeonia Lactiflora Root Extract:

Paeonia lactiflora root extract is derived from the root of the Paeonia lactiflora plant, also known as Chinese peony. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and skin-brightening agents, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Paeonia lactiflora root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its various skin benefits. It is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and improve overall skin tone. Additionally, this extract has antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from environmental stressors and signs of aging.

3. Usage Paeonia Lactiflora Root Extract:

Paeonia lactiflora root extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, look for products that list it as an active ingredient and follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Lee, M. K., Lee, J. H., & Aryal, D. K. (2015). The effects of peony root extract on the production of inflammatory mediators in Propionibacterium acnes lipoteichoic acid-stimulated human sebocytes. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 14(2), 124-131.

- Lin, J., Li, H., Zhang, Y., & Shi, Y. (2019). Protective effects of paeoniflorin on TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis through inhibiting NF-κB pathway and apoptosis in mice. International immunopharmacology, 77, 105983.

- Zhang, G., & Gu, Y. (2017). Paeoniflorin attenuates ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes by inhibiting the ROS-p38-p53 pathway. Molecular medicine reports, 16(4), 4217-4222.

Morus Alba (Mulberry) Extract

1. Definition Morus Alba (Mulberry) Extract:

Morus Alba (Mulberry) Extract is derived from the white mulberry tree and is known for its brightening and antioxidant properties. It is commonly used in skincare products to help even out skin tone, reduce hyperpigmentation, and protect the skin from environmental damage.

2. Use:

Morus Alba Extract is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity, which is responsible for melanin production in the skin. This makes it an effective ingredient for brightening dark spots, age spots, and overall complexion. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help to protect the skin from free radicals and UV damage, promoting a more youthful and radiant appearance.

3. Usage Morus Alba (Mulberry) Extract:

Morus Alba Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and should be applied to clean, dry skin. To maximize its benefits, it is recommended to use products containing Morus Alba Extract consistently and to follow up with sunscreen during the day to prevent further pigmentation.

4. References:

- Choi, S. J., Park, S. H., Lee, D. U., & Jung, H. S. (2002). The inhibitory effect of active compounds isolated from Morus alba root bark on melanin biosynthesis. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 25(8), 1045-1048.

- Kim, Y. J., Uyama, H., & Kobayashi, S. (2005). Inhibitory effects of Morus alba anthocyanins on tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in human melanoma cells. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53(14), 6018-6023.

- Katsube, T., Imawaka, N., Kawano, Y., Yamazaki, Y., & Shiwaku, K. (2006). Antioxidant flavonol glycosides in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves isolated based on LDL antioxidant activity. Food chemistry, 97(1), 25-31.

Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Seed Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Humectant

1. Definition Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Seed Extract:

Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of the black currant plant. It is known for its high concentration of antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Black currant seed extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. It is often found in serums, moisturizers, and anti-aging products.

3. Usage Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Seed Extract:

When using products containing Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Seed Extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine. Follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Vostalova J, Zdarilova A, Svobodova A. Prunella vulgaris extract and rosmarinic acid prevent UVB-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 2010;302(3):171-81.

- Mármol I, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Jiménez-Moreno N, Ancín-Azpilicueta C, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ. Therapeutic Applications of Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.) Seed Oil. Antioxidants (Basel). 2017;6(3):49.

- Tumbas VT, Canadanovic-Brunet JM, Cetojevic-Simin DD, Cetkovic GS, Ethilas SM, Gille L. Effect of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) phytochemicals on stable free radicals and human cancer cells. J Sci Food Agric. 2012;92(6):1273-81.

Vaccinium Myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Astringent, Refreshing

1. Definition Vaccinium Myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruit Extract:

Vaccinium Myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the bilberry fruit, which is known for its high levels of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging, brightening, and soothing properties.

2. Use:

Bilberry fruit extract is used in cosmetic formulations to help improve the overall appearance of the skin. It is known for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote a more even skin tone. Additionally, bilberry extract can help to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Vaccinium Myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruit Extract:

Bilberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used at a concentration of 1-5% in formulations, but this can vary depending on the specific product and desired effects. When using products containing bilberry extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Bagchi, D., & Nair, S. (2007). Bilberry extract and cardiovascular health. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 51(6), 781-791.

- Seeram, N. P., & Nair, S. (2005). Inhibition of proliferation of human cancer cells and cyclooxygenase enzymes by anthocyanidins and catechins. Nutrition and Cancer, 53(2), 232-240.

- Martz, F., & Jolicoeur, M. (2003). Composition of bilberry extracts used in clinical studies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(20), 5861-5866.

Lycium Barbarum (Goji) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Astringent

1. Definition Lycium Barbarum (Matrimony Vine) Fruit Extract:

Lycium Barbarum (Matrimony Vine) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the Lycium Barbarum plant, commonly known as Goji Berry. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Lycium Barbarum Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Lycium Barbarum (Matrimony Vine) Fruit Extract:

Lycium Barbarum Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Lycium Barbarum Fruit Extract regularly as part of a skincare routine for best results.

4. References:

- Zhang M, Chen H, Huang J, Li Z, Zhu C, Zhang S, Wang Z. Protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through the ROS-NO pathway. Molecules. 2011;16(5):3492-3508. doi:10.3390/molecules16053492

- Amagase H, Farnsworth NR. A review of botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, clinical relevance in efficacy and safety of Lycium barbarum fruit (Goji). Food Res Int. 2011;44(7):1702-1717. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.029

- Wu D, Zhang X, Liu J, et al. Protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;59:439-445. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.022

EWG	CIR	Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function	Notes
2	-	Propanediol (Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin Moisturizing
1	-	Tremella Fuciformis (Mushroom) Extract (Skin Conditioning, Humectant)
1	-	Vaccinium Angustifolium (Wild Blueberry) Seed (Abrasive)
1 2	-	Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Extract (Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous)	Moisturizing
1	-	Paeonia Lactiflora Root Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	-	Morus Alba (Mulberry) Extract	Brightening
1	-	Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Seed Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Humectant)
1	-	Vaccinium Myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Astringent, Refreshing)
1	-	Lycium Barbarum (Goji) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Astringent)

The Potion Masters Fairy Fountain Antioxidant Hydration Serum

Ingredients

Analysis results of Ingredients

Ingredient List