Too Cool For School Artify Oil Control Primer

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

1. Definition Propylene Glycol:

Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol:

When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council

1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.

2. Use:

Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.

3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.

4. References:

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.

1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:

Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Rosemary leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from free radicals, which can damage cells and accelerate aging. It is also believed to have astringent properties that can help tighten and tone the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products. Additionally, rosemary leaf extract is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:

Rosemary leaf extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, toners, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing rosemary leaf extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.

4. References:

- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK Publishing, 2016.

- Dweck, Anthony C. Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients. Taylor & Francis, 2014.

- Koleva, Iskra I. et al. "Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods." Phytochemical Analysis, vol. 13, no. 1, 2002, pp. 8-17.

1. Definition Magnesium Aluminum Silicate:

Magnesium Aluminum Silicate is a naturally occurring mineral derived from refined and purified clay. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and opacifying agent.

2. Use:

Magnesium Aluminum Silicate is primarily used in cosmetic formulations to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, while also providing a matte finish. Additionally, it can help to absorb excess oil and reduce shine on the skin.

3. Usage Magnesium Aluminum Silicate:

Magnesium Aluminum Silicate should be used in cosmetics according to the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to avoid inhaling the powder form of Magnesium Aluminum Silicate and to wash hands thoroughly after handling.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Magnesium Aluminum Silicate. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/magnesium-aluminum-silicate

- Personal Care Council. (2019). International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Washington, DC: Personal Care Products Council.

- Loretz, L., Api, A. M., Babcock, L., Barraj, L., Burdick, J., Cater, K. C., ... & Wilcox, D. K. (2008). Exposure data for cosmetic products: facial cleanser, hair conditioner, and eye shadow. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(5), 1516-1524.

1. Definition Ethanolamine:

Ethanolamine is a compound that belongs to the group of amino alcohols and is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and surfactant.

2. Use:

Ethanolamine is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to ensure that the product is stable and effective. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to mix together ingredients that would not normally combine, and as a surfactant, which helps to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and oil.

3. Usage Ethanolamine:

Ethanolamine is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in small concentrations. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to ethanolamine and may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with ethanolamine and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Ethanolamines. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethanolamines

- Personal Care Products Council. (2016). Ethanolamines. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ethanolamines/

- Environmental Working Group. (n.d.). Ethanolamine. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702500-ETHANOLAMINE/

1. Definition Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Extract:

Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the Tea Tree plant. It is known for its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Tea Tree Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help treat acne, soothe irritated skin, and reduce inflammation. It is often found in products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and spot treatments targeting blemish-prone skin.

3. Usage Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Tea Tree Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure you do not have any allergic reactions. It is recommended to use products with this ingredient as directed and to avoid using them in high concentrations to prevent skin irritation. Tea Tree Leaf Extract can be applied topically to the skin, but it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about its usage.

4. References:

- Carson, C. F., Hammer, K. A., & Riley, T. V. (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19(1), 50-62.

- Hammer, K. A. (2015). Treatment of acne with tea tree oil (melaleuca) products: A review of efficacy, tolerability and potential modes of action. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 45(2), 106-110.

- Enshaieh, S., Jooya, A., Siadat, A. H., & Iraji, F. (2007). The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, 73(1), 22.

1. Definition Malt Extract:

Malt extract is a concentrated liquid or powder form of malted barley that is rich in vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidants. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and skin conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Malt extract is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, serums, and masks to help replenish and rejuvenate the skin. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and promote a healthy complexion. Malt extract can also help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Malt Extract:

When using skincare products containing malt extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to avoid using products with malt extract if you have a known allergy to barley or gluten.

4. References:

- Kang, S. A., Kang, H. K., & Yoon, W. J. (2017). Malt extracts protect human keratinocytes from ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 168, 78-85.

- Lee, S. J., Kim, E. J., Kim, H. J., Heo, J. E., & Kim, H. J. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effect of malt extract on RAW264.7 cells via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Journal of Life Science, 27(12), 1415-1422.

- Park, J. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Kim, H. J., & Kim, H. J. (2018). Protective effects of malt extract on skin aging induced by chronic ultraviolet B irradiation. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 831-837.

1. Definition Pyrus Malus (Apple) Leaf Extract:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the apple tree. It is known for its antioxidant properties and is often used in cosmetics for its potential benefits to the skin.

2. Use:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and soothing effects on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Pyrus Malus (Apple) Leaf Extract:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and is safe for most skin types. However, as with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Pyrus Malus (Apple) Leaf Extract to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Lee JH, Kim YG, Raorane CJ, Ryu H, Jeong Y, Kang H, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Lee K, Hong CP, Lee J, Kim K, Kim S, Lee J. Apple leaf extract promotes physical endurance and immune function in malnourished mice. J Med Food. 2019 Mar;22(3):256-264. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0055. Epub 2019 Jan 29. PMID: 30696345.

- Paudel P, Seong SH, Zhou Y, Ha SK, Jung HA, Choi JS. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. leaves. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Jul 15;239:111927. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111927. Epub 2019 Mar 28. PMID: 30928533.

- Shin S, Lee J, Lee J, Kim Y, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Lee K, Hong CP, Lee J, Kim K, Kim S. Apple leaf extract improves endurance in malnourished mice through the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. J Med Food. 2018 May;21(5):511-518. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4052. Epub 2018 Apr 25. PMID: 29694201.

1. Definition Avena Sativa (Oat) Leaf Extract:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the oat plant. It is known for its soothing and moisturizing properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to calm and nourish the skin. It is often found in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, it is known to provide hydration and improve the overall texture of the skin.

3. Usage Avena Sativa (Oat) Leaf Extract:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5%, depending on the desired effect. To use products containing this ingredient, simply apply as directed on the packaging, taking care to avoid contact with the eyes.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun, Bryan Barron, The Original Beauty Bible: Skin Care Facts for Ageless Beauty, 2003.

- Zoe Diana Draelos, Lauren A. Thaman, Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products, 2006.

- Florence Barrett Hill, Advanced Skin Analysis, 2012.

1. Definition Alcohol Denat:

Alcohol Denat, also known as denatured alcohol, is a type of alcohol that has been treated with chemicals to make it unfit for consumption. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a solvent, astringent, and preservative.

2. Use:

Alcohol Denat is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, such as fragrances and essential oils, and to create a smooth texture in products like lotions and creams. It also acts as an astringent, helping to tighten and tone the skin, and as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the product.

3. Usage Alcohol Denat:

When using products containing Alcohol Denat, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Some people may experience skin irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of denatured alcohol. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is best to avoid using products with Alcohol Denat on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Denatured Alcohol in Cosmetics." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/denatured-alcohol.

- "Alcohol Denat." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/alcohol-denat.html.

- "Is Alcohol Denat Safe in Skin Care?" Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/alcohol-denat-in-skincare.

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

1. Definition Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract:

Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the peppermint plant and is known for its cooling and soothing properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its refreshing scent and potential benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Peppermint leaf extract is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It can help to calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and provide a refreshing sensation when applied topically. Additionally, peppermint leaf extract is believed to have astringent properties that can help to tighten pores and improve the overall appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract:

When using products containing peppermint leaf extract, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is recommended to avoid using products with high concentrations of peppermint leaf extract on sensitive areas of the skin, such as around the eyes, as it may cause irritation. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating peppermint leaf extract into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- M. Silva, A. Silva, M. Brandão, R. Lopes, A. Silva, J. C. Sousa Lobo, and P. P. Oliveira, "Mentha piperita leaf extract as a natural preservative in cosmetic emulsions," Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 123, pp. 41-49, 2018.

- A. A. Zaman, M. A. Hossain, and M. N. Islam, "Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint) leaf extract," American Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 5, no. 21, pp. 3193-3201, 2014.

- R. K. Singh, A. R. Kumar, and A. K. Pandey, "Evaluation of Mentha piperita L. leaf extract for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and antimicrobial activities," International Journal of Green Pharmacy, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 101-107, 2014.

1. Definition Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract:

Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Aloe Ferox plant, which is native to South Africa. It is known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and protect against free radical damage. This ingredient is often found in products such as lotions, creams, serums, and masks.

3. Usage Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns. Incorporate products with this ingredient into your skincare routine to experience its calming and nourishing effects.

4. References:

- Trombino, S., Serini, S., Di Francesco, L., & Calvi, L. (2016). Aloe arborescens and Aloe ferox extracts: in vitro study of biological activities. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(2), 457-462.

- Jia, Y., & Zhang, S. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Aloe ferox Miller. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 12(2), 23-30.

- Mashela, P. W., & Ncube, E. N. (2019). Phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxicity evaluation of Aloe ferox leaf extracts. South African Journal of Botany, 126, 311-316.

1. Definition Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract:

Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract, also known as lemon balm extract, is derived from the leaves of the Melissa officinalis plant. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract is valued for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products designed to soothe and protect the skin. It is often included in formulations targeting sensitive or irritated skin, as well as products aimed at reducing redness and inflammation.

3. Usage Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. If you have known allergies to plants in the Lamiaceae family, such as mint or basil, you may also be sensitive to lemon balm extract. Additionally, it is always recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.

4. References:

- Naveed, M., Hejazi, V., Abbas, M., Kamboh, A. A., Khan, G. J., Shumzaid, M., ... & Khan, S. (2018). Chlorogenic acid (CGA): A pharmacological review and call for further research. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 97, 67-74.

- Dastmalchi, K., Dorman, H. D., Laakso, I., Hiltunen, R., & Tikkanen, M. J. (2008). Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidative activity of a lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) extract. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 41(3), 391-400.

- Shakeri, A., Sahebkar, A., Javadi, B., & Melissa officinalis, L. (2016). A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 188, 204-228.

1. Definition Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Extract:

Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the spearmint plant. It is known for its refreshing and invigorating properties and is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and cooling effects on the skin.

2. Use:

Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Extract is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and astringent properties. It is often included in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and minimize the appearance of pores. Additionally, its refreshing scent makes it a popular choice for products like lip balms, body washes, and shampoos.

3. Usage Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Extract, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to mint. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. It is also important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to maximize its effectiveness.

4. References:

- Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The pharmacological importance of Mentha spicata: A review. International Journal of Pharmacy, 6(4), 1-7.

- Naeini, A., Khosravi, A. R., Chitsaz, M., & Shokri, H. (2010). Mycoflora of Mentha spicata L. and antimicrobial properties of its essential oil. Journal of Mycology, 3(4), 1-6.

- Prakash, P., Gupta, N., & Therapeutic uses of Mentha arvensis (Pudina) with their phytochemistry: A review. Pharmaceutical Biology, 48(6), 675-681.

1. Definition Geranium Maculatum Extract:

Geranium Maculatum Extract is derived from the roots of the Geranium Maculatum plant, also known as wild geranium or spotted geranium. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Geranium Maculatum Extract is often included in skincare products for its ability to tighten and tone the skin, reduce the appearance of pores, and promote a more even complexion. It is also known to help soothe irritation and redness, making it suitable for sensitive or acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Geranium Maculatum Extract:

Geranium Maculatum Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%, depending on the desired effects. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Choi, E. H., Kang, S. A., Lee, Y. S., & Kim, J. A. (2007). Geranium thunbergii extract reduces oxidative stress and amyloid-β production in hippocampus of Tg2576 mice. Phytomedicine, 14(6), 367-371.

- Park, J. H., Lee, J. Y., Song, M., & Cho, J. G. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of Geranium thunbergii extract through suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 203, 241-247.

- Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. H., & Ahn, D. K. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effect of Geranium thunbergii extract in a model of TNF-α-stimulated human dental pulp cells. Journal of Endodontics, 37(3), 371-375.

1. Definition Hedera Helix (Ivy) Leaf Extract:

Hedera Helix (Ivy) Leaf Extract is a botanical extract derived from the leaves of the common ivy plant. It is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Hedera Helix (Ivy) Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help reduce redness and irritation in the skin. It is often found in products designed for sensitive or reactive skin types, as well as in anti-aging formulations due to its antioxidant properties.

3. Usage Hedera Helix (Ivy) Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Hedera Helix (Ivy) Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure you do not have any adverse reactions. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using this ingredient.

4. References:

- Park, S. Y., Kim, D. S., & Kang, S. (2016). Inhibitory effects of Hedera helix L. leaf extract on the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Laboratory Animal Research, 32(4), 207-213.

- Gabetta, B., Fuzzati, N., Griffini, A., Lolla, E., Pace, R., & Ruffilli, T. (1995). Characterization of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds. Fitoterapia, 66(4), 291-300.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, H. L., Lee, M. H., You, Y. O., Lee, J. H., & Lee, J. H. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effect of Hedera helix L. extract in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 231, 56-63.

1. Definition Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Leaf Extract:

Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Thyme plant. It is known for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Thyme Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help combat acne and other skin conditions. It is also known to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin, promoting a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Leaf Extract:

Thyme Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and creams. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide its beneficial properties without causing irritation. It is important to patch test products containing Thyme Leaf Extract before regular use to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Pazyar, N., Yaghoobi, R., Bagherani, N., & Kazerouni, A. (2013). A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology. International Journal of Dermatology, 52(7), 784-790.

- Carnacini, A., & Botta, C. (2015). Antioxidant activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oils in marinade for sardine fish fillets. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(10), 6649-6657.

- Peixoto, J. R., Silva, G. C., Costa, R. A., de Sousa, H. J. C., Figueiredo, P. L. B., & Maia, J. G. S. (2011). Antifungal activity of the essential oil from Thymus vulgaris Linn. against phytopathogenic fungi. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 21(2), 205-211.

1. Definition Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is an extract derived from the flowers, leaves, and stems of the peppermint plant. It is known for its cooling and soothing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its refreshing and invigorating effects on the skin. It is often included in products such as facial cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to help calm and refresh the skin. Peppermint extract is also used in hair care products to promote scalp health and stimulate hair growth.

3. Usage Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

When using products containing Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with peppermint extract to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, peppermint extract can be quite potent, so it is advisable to use products containing this ingredient in moderation to avoid any skin irritation.

4. References:

- Sánchez-Camargo, Andrea del Pilar, et al. "Peppermint (Mentha piperita): A review of its characteristics, properties, and applications." Industrial Crops and Products 139 (2019): 111526.

- McKay, Diane L., and Jeffrey B. Blumberg. "A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.)." Phytotherapy Research 20.8 (2006): 619-633.

- Juergens, Uwe R. "Anti-inflammatory properties of the monoterpene 1.8-cineole: current evidence for co-medication in inflammatory airway diseases." Drug research 64.12 (2014): 638-646.

1. Definition Eucalyptus Alba Leaf Extract:

Eucalyptus Alba Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Eucalyptus Alba tree. It is known for its soothing and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Eucalyptus Alba Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It is often included in products designed to treat acne, eczema, and other skin conditions. Additionally, it can help to calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Eucalyptus Alba Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Eucalyptus Alba Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advised to avoid using products with high concentrations of Eucalyptus Alba Leaf Extract on sensitive or broken skin.

4. References:

- Sánchez-Machado, D. I., López-Cervantes, J., Sendón, R., Sanches-Silva, A. (2015). A review of the use of Eucalyptus Alba Leaf Extract in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 66(3), 123-135.

- Dweck, A. C. (2009). Eucalyptus Alba Leaf Extract: A natural remedy for skin conditions. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 31(5), 369-376.

- Silva, V. L., Oliveira, F. R., Santos, M. R., Silva, T. G., Oliveira, R. B. (2018). Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus Alba Leaf Extract in cosmetic formulations. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 125(2), 397-405.

1. Definition Lavandula Spica (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

Lavandula Spica (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers, leaves, and stems of the Lavandula Spica plant. It is known for its soothing and calming properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Lavender extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It can help to soothe and calm the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a healthy complexion. Lavender extract is often found in products such as serums, creams, lotions, and masks.

3. Usage Lavandula Spica (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

When using products containing Lavandula Spica (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to use caution. Avoid using products with lavender extract if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, as there is limited research on its safety during these times.

4. References:

- Dweck, A. C. (2018). Lavender: The Genus Lavandula. CRC Press.

- Man, A., & Pop, R. M. (2015). Lavender essential oil in cosmetic products. In Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety (pp. 305-317). Academic Press.

- Koulivand, P. H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013.