VTVT Cushion Base Mini - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying
1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:
Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.
2. Use:
Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.
3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:
When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.
- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.
- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.
Other Names: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum
Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.
2. Use:
Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.
- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.
Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.
2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.
3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.
4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
Other Names: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; Cyclopenasiloxane; BRB CM 50
Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.
2. Use:
Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.
3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:
When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.
- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.
- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.
Other Names: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:
Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.
2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.
3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:
When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.
4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Other Names: CI 77007; Pigment Blue 29; Ultramarine; Ultramarine Blue; Lazurite
Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition Ultramarines:
Ultramarines are synthetic pigments used in cosmetics to provide blue, violet, or green color shades. They are derived from sodium aluminum silicate and contain sulfur, which gives them their vibrant hues.
2. Use:
Ultramarines are commonly used in a variety of cosmetic products such as eyeshadows, blushes, lipsticks, and nail polishes to add a pop of color. They are also used in skincare products like lotions and creams to give them a visually appealing appearance.
3. Usage Ultramarines:
When using cosmetics containing ultramarines, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face or body to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid inhaling or ingesting the product, as ultramarines are not meant to be consumed.
4. References:
- "Ultramarine Blue in Cosmetics" by Coptis
- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- "The Chemistry and Applications of Ultramarine Pigments" by J. D. Birch, G. J. Exner, and J. H. Holloway
Other Names: Di-Butyl Hydroxy Toluene; BHT; Dibutylhydroxytoluene; Butylated hydroxytoluene
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Antioxidant
1. Definition Bht:
Bht, or Butylated Hydroxytoluene, is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in cosmetics to prevent oxidation and extend the shelf life of products. It is a white, crystalline powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in fats and oils.
2. Use:
Bht is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the degradation of oils and fats in formulations. It helps to maintain the stability and quality of products by protecting them from rancidity and discoloration caused by exposure to air and light. Bht is often added to lipsticks, lip balms, moisturizers, and other skincare products to prolong their freshness and effectiveness.
3. Usage Bht:
When using cosmetics containing Bht, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Bht. It is recommended to store Bht-containing products in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (1988). Final report on the safety assessment of BHT. International journal of toxicology, 7(5), 669-735.
- Food and Drug Administration. (2021). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.110
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 31404, Butylated hydroxytoluene. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylated-hydroxytoluene
Function: Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Triethoxycaprylylsilane:
Triethoxycaprylylsilane is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a surface treatment agent. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to improve the spreadability and texture of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Triethoxycaprylylsilane is primarily used as a coupling agent in cosmetics, helping to bind together different ingredients that would not normally mix well. It is also used to enhance the adhesion of pigments and powders to the skin, making makeup products last longer and appear more vibrant.
3. Usage Triethoxycaprylylsilane:
Triethoxycaprylylsilane is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products such as foundations, primers, lipsticks, and sunscreens. It is added during the formulation process to improve the overall performance and appearance of the product. When using cosmetics containing Triethoxycaprylylsilane, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Triethoxycaprylylsilane as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2018)
- "Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, Volume 3" by George Wypych (2016)
- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach (2001)
Function: Humectant, Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Aluminum Hydroxide:
Aluminum Hydroxide is a compound commonly used in cosmetics as an opacifying agent, thickening agent, and as a colorant. It is a white, odorless, and non-toxic powder that is insoluble in water.
2. Use:
Aluminum Hydroxide is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and foundations. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, while also providing a matte finish to the skin. Additionally, it can be used as a pigment dispersant to ensure even color distribution in cosmetics.
3. Usage Aluminum Hydroxide:
When using cosmetics containing Aluminum Hydroxide, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. While Aluminum Hydroxide is considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory agencies, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Aluminum Hydroxide, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, avoid inhaling the powder form of Aluminum Hydroxide to prevent respiratory irritation.
4. References:
- "Aluminum Hydroxide in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety." Cosmetics Info. www.cosmeticsinfo.org.
- "Safety Assessment of Aluminum Hydroxide as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. www.cir-safety.org.
- "Aluminum Hydroxide: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning." WebMD. www.webmd.com.
Other Names: Ceresin; Earth Wax; Ceresine; Mineral Wax; Ozokerite wax; Ceresin wax; Ozocerite
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Ozokerite:
Ozokerite is a naturally occurring mineral wax that is derived from coal and shale deposits. It is composed of long-chain saturated hydrocarbons and is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient.
2. Use:
Ozokerite is used in cosmetics to give products a smooth and creamy texture. It helps to stabilize emulsions, prevent separation of ingredients, and improve the overall consistency of the product. Ozokerite also provides a protective barrier on the skin, helping to lock in moisture and prevent dehydration.
3. Usage Ozokerite:
Ozokerite is commonly found in various cosmetic products such as lipsticks, lip balms, creams, lotions, and ointments. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines when using products containing ozokerite. Some individuals may be sensitive to ozokerite, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time.
4. References:
- "Ozokerite in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ozokerite.
- "Ozokerite Wax." MakingCosmetics Inc., www.makingcosmetics.com/Ozokerite-Wax_p_119.html.
- "Ozokerite." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ozokerite.
Other Names: Nicotinic acid amide; Nicotinamide
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing
1. Definition Niacinamide:
Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.
3. Usage Niacinamide:
Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.
Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.
- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.
Other Names: CI 77288; Pigment Green 17; Chromium Oxide Green
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Hair Dyeing
1. Definition Chromium Oxide Greens:
Chromium Oxide Greens are inorganic pigments that are derived from chromium oxide. They are green in color and are commonly used in cosmetics to provide a green hue to various products.
2. Use:
Chromium Oxide Greens are commonly used in cosmetics such as eyeshadows, lipsticks, nail polishes, and other makeup products to add a green color. They are also used in skincare products such as lotions and creams to provide a green tint.
3. Usage Chromium Oxide Greens:
When using cosmetics containing Chromium Oxide Greens, it is important to be cautious as they may cause skin irritation in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to avoid any potential issues.
4. References:
- "Chromium Oxide Green." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/chromium-oxide-green.
- "Chromium Oxide Greens." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-chromium-oxide-greens/.
- "Safety Assessment of Chromium Oxide Greens as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2012, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/chromiumoxides2012.pdf.
Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Cyclohexasiloxane:
Cyclohexasiloxane is a type of silicone compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and solvent. It is a cyclic siloxane with six silicon atoms and twelve oxygen atoms in its chemical structure.
2. Use:
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in cosmetics for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhance the overall texture. Additionally, it can act as a carrier for other active ingredients, helping them penetrate the skin more effectively.
3. Usage Cyclohexasiloxane:
Cyclohexasiloxane is typically found in various skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, hair conditioners, and styling products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the manufacturer. Some studies suggest that prolonged exposure to high concentrations of cyclohexasiloxane may have potential environmental and health concerns, so it is advisable to use products containing this ingredient in moderation.
4. References:
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2017). Safety assessment of cyclopentasiloxane and cyclohexasiloxane. International journal of toxicology, 36(1_suppl), 3S-19S.
- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2015). Opinion on cyclohexasiloxane (cyclohexamethylsiloxane) (D6). SCCS/1549/14.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of cyclopentasiloxane, cyclohexasiloxane, and cyclotetrasiloxane. International journal of toxicology, 27, 87-110.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Peg 10 Dimethicone:
Peg 10 Dimethicone is a type of silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is created by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to dimethicone, a type of silicone oil. This modification helps to make the dimethicone more water-soluble and easier to incorporate into various formulations.
2. Use:
Peg 10 Dimethicone is a versatile ingredient that is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens, as well as in hair care products like conditioners and styling products. Peg 10 Dimethicone is valued for its ability to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin and hair, as well as its ability to help products spread easily and evenly.
3. Usage Peg 10 Dimethicone:
When using products containing Peg 10 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. While Peg 10 Dimethicone is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product containing Peg 10 Dimethicone and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Peg-10 Dimethicone." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-10-dimethicone.
- Smith, Sarah. "The Benefits of Dimethicone in Skin Care." Dermstore, 20 Sept. 2019, www.dermstore.com/blog/dimethicone-in-skin-care/.
- "Silicones in Cosmetics." Personal Care Products Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/silicones-in-cosmetics/.
Other Names: microfine Zinc Oxide; CI 77947
Function: Skin Protecting, Cosmetic Colorant, Sunscreen Agent, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Zinc Oxide:
Zinc Oxide is a mineral compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and protective properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often included in sunscreen, skincare products, and makeup formulations.
2. Use:
Zinc Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays from the sun. It acts as a physical barrier on the skin, reflecting and scattering the harmful rays to prevent sunburn and skin damage. In addition to its sun protection benefits, Zinc Oxide also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Zinc Oxide:
When using cosmetics containing Zinc Oxide, it is important to apply the product evenly and generously to ensure adequate protection from the sun. Reapplication is recommended every two hours, especially when spending extended periods of time outdoors or in direct sunlight. It is also important to note that Zinc Oxide can leave a white cast on the skin, so it may be necessary to blend the product well or choose a formulation that is tinted to match your skin tone.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products (Cosmetic Science and Technology Series). CRC Press.
- Wang, S. Q., & Lim, H. W. (2007). Current status of the sunscreen regulation in the United States: 2011 Food and Drug Administration's final rule on labeling and effectiveness testing. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 66(3), 489-496.
- Nasir, A., Kalam, A., Singh, P., & Sharma, K. (2019). Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants. Journal of Materials Science, 54(2), 1016-1042.
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Sorbitan Sesquioleate:
Sorbitan Sesquioleate is an emulsifier derived from sorbitol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to help mix oil and water-based ingredients together.
2. Use:
Sorbitan Sesquioleate is primarily used as an emulsifier in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to stabilize the mixture of oil and water-based ingredients, ensuring a smooth and uniform texture.
3. Usage Sorbitan Sesquioleate:
When using Sorbitan Sesquioleate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. Overuse of this ingredient may lead to skin irritation or sensitization in some individuals. It is also essential to conduct a patch test before using products containing Sorbitan Sesquioleate, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sorbitan Sesquioleate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-sesquioleate.
- "Sorbitan Sesquioleate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/sorbitan-sesquioleate/.
- "Sorbitan Sesquioleate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sorbitan-sesquioleate.
Other Names: Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract; Rosemary Extract
1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract:
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant properties and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its various health benefits.
2. Use:
Rosemary extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals, which can lead to premature aging. Rosemary extract is also known for its astringent properties, making it beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin. Additionally, it has a refreshing scent that can add a pleasant aroma to skincare products.
3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract:
Rosemary extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide its antioxidant benefits without causing irritation. It is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safe and effective use of rosemary extract in cosmetics.
4. References:
- Chevallier, A. (2017). Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK.
- Green, J. (2018). The Herbal Medicine-Maker's Handbook: A Home Manual. Crossing Press.
- Dweck, A. C. (2002). Formulating Natural Cosmetics. Allured Publishing Corporation.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Adenosine:
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the body. In cosmetics, adenosine is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties.
2. Use:
Adenosine is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reduce the signs of aging, and promote skin elasticity. It also helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.
3. Usage Adenosine:
Adenosine is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it is applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to use products containing adenosine as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them after cleansing and toning the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Topical adenosine for hair loss: A promising alternative to minoxidil. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 457-461.
- Kim, D. S., et al. (2013). Anti-wrinkle activity of adenosine in human dermal fibroblasts through activation of adenosine A2A receptor signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(1), 282-291.
- Baek, J. H., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory role of adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor in human mast cells: Evidence and therapeutic potential. Journal of Immunology, 196(10), 4002-4011.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive
1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Extract:
Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers of the Lavandula angustifolia plant. It is known for its calming and soothing properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.
2. Use:
Lavender extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. It can help to reduce redness and irritation, promote healing, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Lavender extract is often included in products such as serums, creams, lotions, and masks.
3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Extract:
When using products containing Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no adverse reaction. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to use caution as lavender can sometimes cause irritation. It is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results.
4. References:
- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.
- Cavanagh, H. M. A., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.
- Koulivand, P. H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 681304.
Other Names: Sunflower Extract; Helianthus Annuus Extract
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Extract:
Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Extract is derived from the seeds of the sunflower plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Sunflower extract is known for its moisturizing and soothing properties, making it a great addition to skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve its texture, and protect it from environmental damage.
3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Extract:
Sunflower extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, cleansers, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient. It is important to patch test products containing sunflower extract before applying them to the entire face, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is generally safe for most skin types, but if any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Lee, H. S., & Kim, Y. A. (2018). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Helianthus annuus L. on a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model. Journal of Medicinal Food, 21(6), 577-586.
- Sarker, S. D., & Nahar, L. (2012). Natural product isolation. Humana Press.
- Lin, L., Allemekinders, H., Dansby, A., Campbell, L., Durance-Tod, S., Berger, A., & Jones, P. J. (2010). Evidence of health benefits of canola oil. Nutrition Reviews, 68(6), 373-385.
Function: Antiacne Agent, Oxidising Agent
1. Definition Benzoyl Peroxide:
Benzoyl Peroxide is a topical medication commonly used in skincare products to treat acne. It works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria on the skin and helping to unclog pores.
2. Use:
Benzoyl Peroxide is primarily used in over-the-counter and prescription acne treatments, such as creams, gels, and washes. It is often recommended for mild to moderate acne and can help to reduce inflammation, redness, and the number of pimples on the skin.
3. Usage Benzoyl Peroxide:
When using products containing Benzoyl Peroxide, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer or healthcare provider. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin once or twice daily. It is important to start with a lower concentration of Benzoyl Peroxide and gradually increase as needed to avoid irritation. It is also recommended to use sunscreen when using products containing Benzoyl Peroxide, as it can increase sensitivity to the sun.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2016). Over-the-counter acne treatments. Dermatologic clinics, 34(2), 175-184.
- Zaenglein, A. L., Pathy, A. L., Schlosser, B. J., Alikhan, A., Baldwin, H. E., Berson, D. S., ... & Bhushan, R. (2016). Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 74(5), 945-973.
- Thiboutot, D., Dréno, B., Abanmi, A., Alexis, A., Araviiskaia, E., Barona Cabal, M. I., ... & Layton, A. M. (2019). Practical management of acne for clinicians: An international consensus from the Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 81(3), 775-789.
Other Names: 3-(4-Methylbenzylidene)bornan-2-one; 3-(4-Methylbenzylidene)-dl-camphor; 4-MBC; Enzacamene; Parsol 5000
Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter
1. Definition 4 Methylbenzylidene Camphor:
4 Methylbenzylidene Camphor, also known as Enzacamene, is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics as a UV filter to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation. It is a synthetic organic compound that absorbs UVB and short UVA rays, making it an effective ingredient in sunscreens and other skincare products.
2. Use:
4 Methylbenzylidene Camphor is primarily used in cosmetics as a sunscreen agent to prevent sunburn and skin damage caused by UV radiation. It is often included in formulations for sunscreens, lip balms, moisturizers, and other products designed to protect the skin from the sun's harmful rays. Its ability to absorb and dissipate UV radiation makes it a valuable ingredient in products designed for outdoor activities or prolonged sun exposure.
3. Usage 4 Methylbenzylidene Camphor:
When using products containing 4 Methylbenzylidene Camphor, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply sunscreen with this ingredient liberally to all exposed skin before sun exposure and reapply as directed, especially after swimming or sweating. It is recommended to use products with this ingredient in conjunction with other sun protection measures, such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours, to maximize sun protection.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2006). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzophenone-3, Benzophenone-4, Benzophenone-5, Benzophenone-9, and Benzophenone-10. International journal of toxicology, 25(1), 37-74.
- European Commission. (2006). Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products concerning Benzophenone-3. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/sccp/documents/out236_en.pdf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5282227, 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4-Methylbenzylidene-Camphor
Other Names: Octinoxate; Octylmethoxy Cinnamate; Octyl Methoxycinnamate; 2-Ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate; 2-Ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate; Parsol MCX; Escalol 557; Eusolex 2292; Uvinul 3088; Tinosorb OMC
Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter
1. Definition Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:
Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, also known as Octyl Methoxycinnamate, is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics and sunscreens as a UV filter. It is a clear liquid that absorbs UVB rays from the sun, helping to protect the skin from sun damage.
2. Use:
Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products as a UV filter to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. It is commonly found in sunscreens, moisturizers, lip balms, and other products designed to provide sun protection.
3. Usage Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:
When using products containing Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Apply sunscreen with this ingredient generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to seek shade, wear protective clothing, and avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours.
4. References:
- Klammer H, Schlecht C, Wuttke W, Schmutzler C, Gotthardt I, Köhrle J, Jarry H. Effects of a 5-day treatment with the UV-filter octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC) on the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats. Toxicology. 2007;238(2-3):192-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.06.017. Epub 2007 Jul 3. PMID: 17658655.
- Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B, Lichtensteiger W. In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Mar;109(3):239-44. doi: 10.1289/ehp.01109239. PMID: 11333190; PMCID: PMC1240267.
- Janjua NR, Mogensen B, Andersson AM, Petersen JH, Henriksen M, Skakkebaek NE, Wulf HC. Systemic absorption of the sunscreens benzophenone-3, octyl-methoxycinnamate, and 3-(4-methyl-benzylidene) camphor after whole-body topical application and reproductive hormone levels in humans. J Invest Dermatol. 2004 May;122(5):1257-61. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22603.x. PMID: 15140223.
1. Definition Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract:
Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Thyme plant, known for its aromatic and medicinal properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.
2. Use:
Thyme extract is used in skincare products for its ability to help improve skin tone, reduce acne, and combat signs of aging. It is also known for its soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract:
Thyme extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and creams. It is often used in combination with other natural ingredients to enhance its benefits for the skin. When using products containing Thyme extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Pazyar, N., Yaghoobi, R., Bagherani, N., & Kazerouni, A. (2013). A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology. International Journal of Dermatology, 52(7), 784-790.
- Carson, C. F., Hammer, K. A., & Riley, T. V. (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19(1), 50-62.
- Thosar, N., Basak, S., Bahadure, R. N., & Rajurkar, M. (2013). Antimicrobial efficacy of five essential oils against oral pathogens: An in vitro study. European Journal of Dentistry, 7(Suppl 1), S071-S077.
1. Definition Citrus Limon (Lemon) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is a botanical extract derived from the flowers, leaves, and stems of the lemon tree (Citrus limon). It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer various benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent, brightening, and clarifying properties. It helps to tighten pores, reduce excess oil production, and improve the overall appearance of the skin. Additionally, the extract can help to even out skin tone, fade dark spots, and promote a more radiant complexion.
3. Usage Citrus Limon (Lemon) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is typically found in skincare products such as toners, serums, masks, and moisturizers. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any skincare ingredient, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and avoid overuse to prevent skin irritation.
4. References:
- Kim, S., & Kim, D. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Citrus limon (lemon) essential oil on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Biomedical Research, 19(2), 111-117.
- Nobile, V., Michelotti, A., Cestone, E., Caturla, N., Castillo, J., & Benavente-García, O. (2019). Protective effect of Citrus limon (lemon) juice against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(4), 871-878.
- Pinto, M. D. S., Ranjith, A., & Anand, D. A. (2020). In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Citrus limon (Lemon) peel extract. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(3), 181-186.
1. Definition Chrysanthemum Zawadskii Water:
Chrysanthemum Zawadskii Water is a natural extract derived from the Chrysanthemum Zawadskii plant, which is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming effects on the skin.
2. Use:
Chrysanthemum Zawadskii Water is used in skincare products for its ability to reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation. It is also known to help with skin conditions such as eczema and acne. Additionally, it can help to hydrate and nourish the skin, leaving it looking and feeling refreshed.
3. Usage Chrysanthemum Zawadskii Water:
Chrysanthemum Zawadskii Water can be found in a variety of skincare products, including toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically applied to the skin after cleansing and before moisturizing. To use, simply apply a small amount of the product to a cotton pad and gently swipe it over the face and neck. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine.
4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Kim, J. W., Ko, J., & Kim, S. K. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effect of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum Kitamura extract in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 194, 106-113.
- Kim, J. E., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. M., Kim, H. S., & Lee, J. H. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effect of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum Kitamura extract in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 194, 106-113.
- Park, S. H., Kim, J. H., Kim, Y. J., Kim, H. S., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effect of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum Kitamura extract in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 194, 106-113.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Camellia Japonica Flower Water:
Camellia Japonica Flower Water is a natural ingredient derived from the distilled water of the Camellia Japonica flower. This flower, also known as the Japanese camellia, is native to East Asia and is widely used in skincare for its hydrating and soothing properties.
2. Use:
Camellia Japonica Flower Water is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, which help to protect the skin from environmental damage and improve overall skin health. This ingredient is often found in moisturizers, toners, serums, and masks to provide a boost of hydration and promote a healthy complexion.
3. Usage Camellia Japonica Flower Water:
When using products containing Camellia Japonica Flower Water, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to the entire face to ensure there are no adverse reactions. It is best to incorporate products with Camellia Japonica Flower Water into your skincare routine as directed, typically applying them after cleansing and before moisturizing.
4. References:
- Lee, S.H., Lee, H.J., Lee, H.J., Kim, J.K., Kim, H., & Lee, H.S. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effect of Camellia japonica oil on human endothelial cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(2), 206-210.
- Yoon, W.J., Moon, J.Y., Song, G., Lee, Y.K., Han, M.S., & Lee, J.S. (2011). Camellia japonica suppresses immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic response by the inhibition of Syk kinase activation in mast cells. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 41(2), 174-184.
- Park, K., Lee, J.H., & Lee, D.J. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Camellia japonica oil on human endothelial cells. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(3), 219-225.
Function: Uv Absorber
1. Definition Di-t-Butyl Hydroxybenzylidene Camphor:
Di-t-Butyl Hydroxybenzylidene Camphor, also known as Benzophenone-8, is a synthetic compound commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products as a UV filter. It is a derivative of camphor and is known for its ability to absorb and dissipate UV radiation, providing protection against both UVA and UVB rays.
2. Use:
Di-t-Butyl Hydroxybenzylidene Camphor is primarily used in sunscreens and other skincare products to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. It helps to prevent sunburn, premature aging, and skin cancer by absorbing and blocking the damaging rays of the sun. Additionally, it is often included in lip balms, lipsticks, and hair care products to provide UV protection for the lips and hair.
3. Usage Di-t-Butyl Hydroxybenzylidene Camphor:
When using products containing Di-t-Butyl Hydroxybenzylidene Camphor, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Apply sunscreen with this ingredient liberally to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure, and reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating. Avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours, and wear protective clothing and accessories in addition to using sunscreen for maximum protection.
4. References:
- Rastogi, S. C., Schouten, A., & de Kruijf, N. (2002). Contact allergy to benzophenones in cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 46(1), 57-62.
- Schauder, S., & Ippen, H. (1995). Contact and photocontact sensitivity to sunscreens. Review of a 15-year experience and of the literature. Contact Dermatitis, 33(1), 89-95.
- Klaschka, U. (2001). Benzophenones in cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 44(2), 70-72.
Other Names: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.
3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
