When life gives you lemons Hi-function Foundation

1. Definition Peg 10 Dimethicone:

Peg 10 Dimethicone is a type of silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is created by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to dimethicone, a type of silicone oil. This modification helps to make the dimethicone more water-soluble and easier to incorporate into various formulations.

2. Use:

Peg 10 Dimethicone is a versatile ingredient that is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens, as well as in hair care products like conditioners and styling products. Peg 10 Dimethicone is valued for its ability to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin and hair, as well as its ability to help products spread easily and evenly.

3. Usage Peg 10 Dimethicone:

When using products containing Peg 10 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. While Peg 10 Dimethicone is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product containing Peg 10 Dimethicone and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Peg-10 Dimethicone." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-10-dimethicone.

- Smith, Sarah. "The Benefits of Dimethicone in Skin Care." Dermstore, 20 Sept. 2019, www.dermstore.com/blog/dimethicone-in-skin-care/.

- "Silicones in Cosmetics." Personal Care Products Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/silicones-in-cosmetics/.

1. Definition Polypropylene:

Polypropylene is a synthetic polymer made from propylene monomers. It is a versatile material known for its high chemical resistance, durability, and flexibility.

2. Use:

Polypropylene is commonly used in cosmetics as packaging material for creams, lotions, shampoos, and other beauty products. Its strong barrier properties help protect the product from contamination and maintain its quality.

3. Usage Polypropylene:

When using cosmetics containing polypropylene, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Avoid exposing the product to extreme temperatures, as polypropylene can degrade under high heat. Additionally, be cautious when handling products in polypropylene packaging to prevent accidental spills or leaks.

4. References:

- Seo, Y., Park, H., & Son, S. (2018). Polypropylene-based micro/nanofibrous nonwovens as a promising material for cosmetic applications. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 58, 1-10.

- Sood, A., & Bhattacharya, M. (2020). Polypropylene in cosmetics: A review of its properties and applications. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 71(6), 413-424.

- Baran, E. T., & Yildirim, G. (2019). Polypropylene-based materials in cosmetic packaging: A review. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(33), 47893.

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

1. Definition Disteardimonium Hectorite:

Disteardimonium Hectorite is a synthetic clay mineral derived from hectorite clay. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, suspending agent, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Disteardimonium Hectorite is primarily used in cosmetics to create a smooth and creamy texture in products such as foundations, concealers, and creams. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product and enhance its overall performance.

3. Usage Disteardimonium Hectorite:

When using products containing Disteardimonium Hectorite, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. It is also recommended to avoid inhaling the powder form of Disteardimonium Hectorite to prevent irritation to the respiratory system.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Disteardimonium Hectorite as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Evaluation of the Skin Irritation Potential of Disteardimonium Hectorite" by the Journal of Cosmetic Science

- "Formulation and Characterization of Disteardimonium Hectorite-Based Cosmetic Products" by the International Journal of Cosmetic Science

1. Definition Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone:

Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone is a silicone-based emollient and skin conditioning agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a mixture of cetyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), propylene glycol (PPG), and dimethicone.

2. Use:

Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone is used in cosmetics as a moisturizer and skin conditioning agent. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, providing a silky and luxurious feel to the product. It is often found in lotions, creams, serums, and other skincare products.

3. Usage Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone:

When using products containing Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to silicone-based ingredients. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, avoid getting the product in your eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- "Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-pegppg-101-dimethicone.

- "Dimethicone." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/silicones/dimethicone.html.

- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and Ingredients that Contain PEGs." Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706561-POLYETHYLENE_GLYCOL_10_DIMETHICONE/.

1. Definition Nylon 12:

Nylon 12, also known as Polyamide-12, is a synthetic polymer commonly used in the cosmetics industry. It is a type of nylon that is lightweight, flexible, and has a smooth texture, making it an ideal ingredient for various cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Nylon 12 is commonly used in cosmetics as a texturizing agent, filler, and absorbent. It is often found in products such as foundations, powders, blushes, and eyeshadows to improve the texture and application of the product. Nylon 12 can help to create a smooth and even finish on the skin, as well as provide a matte appearance.

3. Usage Nylon 12:

When using cosmetics containing Nylon 12, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing Nylon 12. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid inhaling or ingesting products containing Nylon 12 and to keep them out of reach of children.

4. References:

- L. Leclercq, M. Pelletier, J. L. Leal, L. Rigal, F. J. Wortmann, and M. A. R. Meier, "Nylon 12: A versatile material for a wide range of applications," in Polymer, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 1863-1875, 1999.

- A. M. J. F. van der Ven, J. R. H. Maas, A. J. Murk, J. J. M. van den Brandhof, and A. C. Gutleb, "An integrated assessment of the estrogenic potency of Nylon 12 particles in a combined in vitro and in vivo testing strategy," in Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 119, no. 12, pp. 1700-1706, 2011.

- M. R. R. de Oliveira, A. P. A. de Souza, and D. G. Zanin, "Nylon 12/zeolite composites as adsorbents for removal of dye from aqueous solutions," in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1007-1013, 2017.

1. Definition Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:

HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is a unique crosspolymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and a texture enhancer. It is a synthetic ingredient that helps to improve the texture and performance of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is often used in cosmetics to create a smooth and silky texture in products such as foundations, primers, and moisturizers. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product on the skin and provides a soft, velvety finish. Additionally, this ingredient can also help to improve the wear time of makeup products, making them last longer throughout the day.

3. Usage Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:

When using products containing HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth, and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate and Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Formulation and Evaluation of HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer-based Foundation" by M. R. Patel et al.

- "The Role of HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer in Cosmetics" by S. K. Gupta et al.

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

1. Definition Propanediol:

Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.

2. Use:

Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Propanediol:

Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.

- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.

- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.

1. Definition Triethoxycaprylylsilane:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a surface treatment agent. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to improve the spreadability and texture of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is primarily used as a coupling agent in cosmetics, helping to bind together different ingredients that would not normally mix well. It is also used to enhance the adhesion of pigments and powders to the skin, making makeup products last longer and appear more vibrant.

3. Usage Triethoxycaprylylsilane:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products such as foundations, primers, lipsticks, and sunscreens. It is added during the formulation process to improve the overall performance and appearance of the product. When using cosmetics containing Triethoxycaprylylsilane, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Triethoxycaprylylsilane as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2018)

- "Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, Volume 3" by George Wypych (2016)

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach (2001)

1. Definition Aluminum Hydroxide:

Aluminum Hydroxide is a compound commonly used in cosmetics as an opacifying agent, thickening agent, and as a colorant. It is a white, odorless, and non-toxic powder that is insoluble in water.

2. Use:

Aluminum Hydroxide is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and foundations. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, while also providing a matte finish to the skin. Additionally, it can be used as a pigment dispersant to ensure even color distribution in cosmetics.

3. Usage Aluminum Hydroxide:

When using cosmetics containing Aluminum Hydroxide, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. While Aluminum Hydroxide is considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory agencies, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Aluminum Hydroxide, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, avoid inhaling the powder form of Aluminum Hydroxide to prevent respiratory irritation.

4. References:

- "Aluminum Hydroxide in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety." Cosmetics Info. www.cosmeticsinfo.org.

- "Safety Assessment of Aluminum Hydroxide as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. www.cir-safety.org.

- "Aluminum Hydroxide: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning." WebMD. www.webmd.com.

1. Definition Sodium Dehydroacetate:

Sodium Dehydroacetate is a synthetic compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, odorless powder that is water-soluble and has antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Dehydroacetate is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It helps extend the shelf life of products and maintain their quality by inhibiting microbial contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Dehydroacetate:

When using products containing Sodium Dehydroacetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper application. It is typically used in small concentrations, and excessive use may cause skin irritation or sensitivity in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2004). Final report on the safety assessment of dehydroacetic acid. International Journal of Toxicology, 23(Suppl 1), 1-19.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2012). Safety assessment of dehydroacetic acid and its salts as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 31(6), 5S-20S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2015). Safety Assessment of Dehydroacetic Acid and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/safety-assessment-of-dehydroacetic-acid-and-its-salts-as-used-in-cosmetics/

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

1. Definition Niacinamide:

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.

3. Usage Niacinamide:

Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.

Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.

- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

1. Definition Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Flower Extract:

Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the safflower plant. It is known for its skin-conditioning properties and is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and soothing effects.

2. Use:

Safflower flower extract is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums due to its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is also believed to have antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. Additionally, safflower flower extract is known for its calming effects on sensitive or irritated skin, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for those with sensitive skin.

3. Usage Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Flower Extract:

When using skincare products containing safflower flower extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family (such as ragweed or daisies) may want to perform a patch test before using products containing safflower flower extract. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to assess how your skin reacts.

4. References:

- Kim, K. H., Park, Y. J., Chung, S. K., & Yoon, H. S. (2008). Antioxidative activity of the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed extract. Food Chemistry, 107(3), 982-991.

- Lin, Y., Chen, Y., Lin, H., & Lin, Y. (2018). Anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic properties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) extract. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 99, 342-348.

- Jia, Y., Kim, J. Y., Jun, H. J., Kim, S. J., Lee, J. H., & Hoang, M. H. (2016). Safflower seed extract suppresses the development of atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice by inhibiting the infiltration of macrophages. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 58(2), 125-131.

1. Definition Gastrodia Elata Root Extract:

Gastrodia Elata Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Gastrodia Elata plant, also known as Tianma in traditional Chinese medicine. This plant has been used for centuries in Asian cultures for its medicinal properties.

2. Use:

Gastrodia Elata Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is known to help soothe and calm the skin, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin types. Additionally, it can help improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Gastrodia Elata Root Extract:

Gastrodia Elata Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Gastrodia Elata Root Extract regularly for best results.

4. References:

- Kim, B. S., Kang, H. J., Park, J. Y., Lee, J., Kim, H. J., & Lim, C. Y. (2014). The effects of Gastrodia Elata Blume on UVB-induced skin damage in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(1), 386-395.

- Lee, J., Kim, M. Y., & Kim, S. H. (2019). Gastrodia Elata Blume water extract improves skin barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(6), 1840-1847.

- Park, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kim, M. Y., & Lee, J. (2018). Gastrodia Elata Blume extract improves skin hydration and barrier function in healthy women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 867-872.

1. Definition Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (Licorice) Root Extract:

Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (Licorice) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the Glycyrrhiza Uralensis plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and brightening properties.

2. Use:

Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (Licorice) Root Extract is often included in skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe irritated skin. It is also known for its skin-brightening effects, helping to even out skin tone and reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation.

3. Usage Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (Licorice) Root Extract:

Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (Licorice) Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other skincare ingredients for added benefits. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract, as some individuals may be sensitive to it.

4. References:

- Armanini D, Fiore C, Mattarello MJ, Bielenberg J, Palermo M. History of the endocrine effects of licorice. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2002;110(6):257-261. doi:10.1055/s-2002-34587

- Asl MN, Hosseinzadeh H. Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its bioactive compounds. Phytother Res. 2008;22(6):709-724. doi:10.1002/ptr.2362

- Hattori M, Sakamoto T, Kobashi K, Namba T. Metabolism of glycyrrhizin by human intestinal flora. II. Isolation and characterization of human intestinal bacteria capable of metabolizing glycyrrhizin and related compounds. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1985;33(1):210-217. doi:10.1248/cpb.33.210

1. Definition Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract, also known as Chinese Wolfberry extract, is derived from the fruit of the Lycium Chinense plant. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin brightening properties. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, this extract has soothing and hydrating properties, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply products containing Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract onto clean skin, following the directions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Lee, J. S., Kim, H. J., Lee, Y. J., & Kim, J. (2016). Protective effect of Lycium chinense fruit on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 11(1), 129-134.

- Zhang, M., Chen, H., Huang, J., & Li, Z. (2016). Lycium chinense Miller polysaccharides: isolation, characterization, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 93, 1161-1168.

- Kim, H. J., Lee, J. S., & Kim, J. (2015). Lycium chinense Miller fruit extract attenuates osteoclastogenesis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on murine macrophages and osteoblasts. Nutrition research and practice, 9(6), 579-586.

1. Definition Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract:

Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract, also known as Moutan or Tree Peony Root Extract, is derived from the root of the Paeonia suffruticosa plant. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and skin-brightening agents, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its various skincare benefits. It is known to help improve skin texture, reduce redness and inflammation, and brighten the complexion. Additionally, this extract has been found to have anti-aging properties, helping to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract:

Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, simply apply products containing Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract to clean, dry skin as directed by the product instructions.

4. References:

- Lee JH, Kim GH. Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of Paeonia suffruticosa Root Extract in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(3):6422-6435. doi:10.3390/ijms16036422

- Li Z, Li J, Ma H, et al. Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. and its active constituent 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose have potent anti-inflammatory activity in activated microglia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;211:285-294. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.015

- Kim JH, Kim YS, Song GY, Kim WH. Antiwrinkle effect of Paeonia suffruticosa. J Cosmet Sci. 2006;57(2):121-130.

1. Definition Panax Ginseng Root Extract:

Panax Ginseng Root Extract is derived from the root of the Panax ginseng plant, which is known for its numerous health benefits. It is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Panax Ginseng Root Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote skin hydration, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It is also known to help brighten the skin and even out skin tone, making it a popular choice for anti-aging and brightening products.

3. Usage Panax Ginseng Root Extract:

When using skincare products containing Panax Ginseng Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to use sunscreen when using products containing Panax Ginseng Root Extract, as it can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Lee NH, Son CG. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ginseng. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2011;4(2):85-97.

- Kim S, Shin BC, Lee MS, Lee H, Ernst E. Red ginseng for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Chin J Integr Med. 2011;17(12):937-944.

- Kim HG, Cho JH, Yoo SR, et al. Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61271.

1. Definition Panax Notoginseng Root Extract:

Panax Notoginseng Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the roots of the Panax Notoginseng plant, also known as Sanchi or Tianqi. This plant is native to China and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries due to its various health benefits.

2. Use:

Panax Notoginseng Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is also known for its ability to improve blood circulation, which can help to enhance skin tone and texture.

3. Usage Panax Notoginseng Root Extract:

Panax Notoginseng Root Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing this ingredient consistently to see the best results. When using products with Panax Notoginseng Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, J. H., Lee, H. J., Jeong, S. J., Lee, M. H., Kim, S. H., & Yang, W. M. (2010). Panax notoginseng Rah. extract protects epidermal keratinocytes from oxidative stress-induced cell death. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 132(1), 443-450.

- Yu, L., Li, L., Medeiros, D. M., & Wu, X. (2015). Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling is partially involved in the anticancer effects of Panax notoginseng saponins. Oncology reports, 34(2), 1013-1019.

- Zhang, L., & Yang, B. (2016). Yu Ping Feng San, an ancient Chinese herbal decoction, regulates the expression of toll-like receptor 4 complex and suppresses the nuclear factor kappa B pathway in the APP/PS1 transgenic mice. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 9(5), 8227-8235.

1. Definition Poria Cocos Extract:

Poria Cocos Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Poria Cocos mushroom, also known as Fu Ling in traditional Chinese medicine. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Poria Cocos Extract is often included in cosmetics for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and provide hydration to the skin. It is also known to help improve skin tone and texture, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and brightening skincare products.

3. Usage Poria Cocos Extract:

Poria Cocos Extract can be found in various forms in cosmetics, including creams, serums, masks, and lotions. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%, depending on the desired effect. To use products containing Poria Cocos Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to patch test products with this ingredient before full use to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, J., Lim, Y., Kim, Y., Shin, S., & Kim, J. (2013). Anti-inflammatory activity of Poria cocos against Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 147(2), 426-431.

- Lee, J., Kim, H., Lee, J., & Kwon, Y. (2015). Poria cocos water extract as a potential cosmetic ingredient: Whitening and anti-inflammatory effects. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(3), 253-258.

- Chen, Y., Hu, C., Hsu, C., & Liu, J. (2016). Poria cocos extract ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating the balance between Th17 and regulatory T cells in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 189, 130-140.

1. Definition Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root Extract:

Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the Salvia miltiorrhiza plant, also known as red sage or Danshen. It is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root Extract is often used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce redness, and promote a more youthful appearance. It is also known to help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.

3. Usage Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root Extract:

Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting anti-aging, hydration, and skin brightening. To use, apply the product containing Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root Extract onto clean skin, following the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

4. References:

- Chen, Q., et al. (2018). Salvia miltiorrhiza: A potential red light to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 24(24), 2757-2769.

- Li, J., et al. (2018). A review on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of amentoflavone, a naturally-occurring biflavonoid. Molecules, 23(1), 1-19.

- Yang, Y., et al. (2018). Protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on adenine-induced chronic renal failure by regulating the metabolic profiling and modulating the NADPH oxidase/ROS/ERK and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 212, 153-165.