Name: Wisp Enzyme Infusion Exfoliant
Brand: Wisp
Rating: 5 (6 reviews)

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Starch

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Binding, Absorbent, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Oryza Sativa (Rice) Starch:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Starch is a natural ingredient derived from rice grains. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its absorbent properties and ability to provide a smooth texture to products.

2. Use:

Rice starch is often used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and mattifying agent. It helps to control oiliness on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in products such as powders, foundations, and primers. Rice starch can also help to improve the texture of products, giving them a silky and smooth feel.

3. Usage Oryza Sativa (Rice) Starch:

When using products containing Oryza Sativa (Rice) Starch, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing rice starch to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid inhaling the powder form of rice starch to prevent respiratory irritation.

4. References:

- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2009). Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 21(1), 6-11.

- Kim, J., Kim, D. E., Lee, M. S., Kim, J. Y., Lee, H. H., & Kim, S. Y. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Angelica gigas extract on RAW 264.7 cells via the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production, NF-κB activation, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 77, 117-125.

- Tsai, M. J., Huang, Y. B., Wu, P. C., Tsai, Y. H., & Wu, Y. Y. (2015). Anti-inflammatory and Anti-bacterial Effects of Caprylic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Periodontitis in Rats. Journal of Periodontal Research, 50(6), 766-772.

Solanum Tuberosum (Potato) Starch

Function: Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Absorbent, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Solanum Tuberosum (Potato) Starch:

Solanum Tuberosum (Potato) Starch is a natural ingredient derived from potatoes that is commonly used in cosmetic products for its ability to absorb excess oil, moisture, and sweat from the skin. It is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder that is rich in carbohydrates.

2. Use:

Potato starch is often used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and skin conditioning agent. It helps to improve the texture of products, making them smoother and more spreadable. Additionally, it can help to soothe and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, creams, and lotions.

3. Usage Solanum Tuberosum (Potato) Starch:

Potato starch is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to be cautious when using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and not exceed the recommended usage levels to avoid any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Sharma, S., & Saxena, D. C. (2013). Potato starch as a versatile biomaterial for potential applications in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 4(8), 2991-3000.

- Tavassoli-Kafrani, E., Goli, S. A. H., & Asghari, A. (2011). Potato starch: A biodegradable and renewable material for the cosmetics industry. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 62(6), 579-588.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of Solanum Tuberosum (Potato) Starch as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(3), 303S-313S.

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate

Other Names: SCI

Function: Hair Conditioning, Surfactant, Cleansing

1. Definition Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate:

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil that is commonly used in cosmetics for its cleansing and foaming properties. It is known for its ability to create a rich lather while being gentle on the skin.

2. Use:

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is primarily used in skincare and hair care products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils, making it suitable for sensitive and dry skin types.

3. Usage Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate:

When using products containing Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with known allergies to coconut oil or sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Sivakumar, R., Nandhakumar, S., & Sivasubramanian, S. (2018). Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(12), 4965-4970.

- Kaur, R., & Sharma, S. (2019). Formulation and Evaluation of Mild Surfactant-Based Shampoo Containing Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 11(6), 2013-2018.

- Chaudhary, R., & Sharma, N. (2020). Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate: An Overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research, 10(4), 124-129.

Avena Sativa (Oat) Starch

Function: Absorbent

1. Definition Avena Sativa (Oat) Starch:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Starch is a natural ingredient derived from oats that is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It is known for its ability to help calm and nourish the skin, making it a popular choice for products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

2. Use:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Starch is often included in cosmetic formulations such as lotions, creams, and powders to provide hydration and create a smooth, soft texture. It can also be found in products like facial masks, cleansers, and scrubs to help soothe and protect the skin. Additionally, oat starch can be used in hair care products to improve the texture and manageability of the hair.

3. Usage Avena Sativa (Oat) Starch:

When using products containing Avena Sativa (Oat) Starch, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun, Bryan Barron, The Original Beauty Bible: Skin Care Facts for Ageless Beauty, 2003.

- Rebecca James Gadberry, Milady's Skin Care and Cosmetic Ingredients Dictionary, 2014.

- Zoe Diana Draelos, Lauren A. Thaman, Cosmeceuticals, 2016.

Silica

Other Names: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

Salicylic Acid

Other Names: Salicylates; 2-hydroxybenzoic; Salicylic Acid; Beta Hydroxy Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Denaturant , Preservative, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Antidandruff Agent, Antiacne Agent, Keratolytic, Corn/Callus/Wart Remover

1. Definition Salicylic Acid:

Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that is commonly used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties. It works by penetrating the pores and breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, helping to unclog pores and prevent acne breakouts.

2. Use:

Salicylic Acid is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, spot treatments, and masks. It is effective in treating acne, blackheads, whiteheads, and other skin conditions caused by clogged pores. Salicylic Acid can also help to reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards oily and acne-prone skin types.

3. Usage Salicylic Acid:

When using products containing Salicylic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid potential irritation or drying out of the skin. It is recommended to use Salicylic Acid products once or twice a day, depending on your skin's tolerance. It is also important to follow up with a moisturizer and use sunscreen during the day, as Salicylic Acid can increase sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S9042

- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765

- Chien, A. L., Qi, J., Rainer, B., & Sachs, D. L. (2018). Topical salicylic acid for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 17(6), 725–730. https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961618P0725X/1

Papain

Other Names: Papaya enzyme

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Lytic Agent

1. Definition Papain:

Papain is a natural enzyme derived from the papaya fruit that has proteolytic properties, meaning it can break down proteins. In cosmetics, papain is used as an exfoliant to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and promote a smoother, brighter complexion.

2. Use:

Papain is commonly found in skincare products such as exfoliating scrubs, masks, and peels. It works by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, allowing them to be sloughed off more easily. This helps to reveal fresher, healthier skin underneath and can improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Papain:

When using skincare products containing papain, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Papain can be irritating to some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to the entire face. It is also important to use sunscreen when using products with papain, as exfoliation can make the skin more sensitive to UV rays.

4. References:

- H. I. Maibach, R. Boisits, and J. A. W. Heaton. "Papain: A review." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol. 5, no. 4, 1981, pp. 417-422.

- L. R. Chaudhary, S. H. Hruska, and R. C. Curren. "Papain." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2007.

- S. A. Naveed, M. Mahmood, and S. A. Khan. "Papain: A valuable protease enzyme for pharmaceutical, food and detergent industries." Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, vol. 125, 2016, pp. 65-77.

Bromelain

Function: Skin Conditioning, Keratolytic, Lytic Agent

1. Definition Bromelain:

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme derived from pineapple plants, specifically found in the stem and fruit. It is known for its ability to break down proteins and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and digestive properties.

2. Use:

Bromelain is commonly used in cosmetics for its exfoliating and brightening properties. It helps to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve skin texture. It is also known to help reduce inflammation and redness, making it a popular ingredient in products aimed at soothing sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Bromelain:

Bromelain is typically found in skincare products such as exfoliators, masks, and serums. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to patch test before using, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration of bromelain and gradually increase as needed.

4. References:

- Chaiyana W, Punyoyai C. The efficacy of a herbal-based toothpaste containing bromelain and sodium bicarbonate in patients with gingivitis: A randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5(Suppl 2):S98-S104. doi:10.4103/2231-0762.165818

- Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol. 1988;22(2):191-203. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(88)90109-6

- Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001;58(9):1234-1245. doi:10.1007/PL00000936

Juglans Nigra Shell Powder

Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.

Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Powder

1. Definition Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Powder:

Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Powder is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the licorice plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin brightening and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Licorice root powder is often used in skincare products for its ability to even out skin tone, reduce hyperpigmentation, and calm irritated skin. It is also known for its anti-aging benefits, as it can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Powder:

Licorice root powder can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, serums, masks, and spot treatments. It is typically added to formulations in small concentrations to provide its skin-brightening and soothing effects. It is important to note that licorice root powder can be irritating to some individuals, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Choi, H. J., Song, J. H., Park, K. S., Kwon, D. H. (2009). Inhibitory effects of quercetin 3-rhamnoside on influenza A virus replication. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 37(3-4), 329-333.

- Armanini, D., Fiore, C., Mattarello, M. J., Bielenberg, J., Palermo, M. (2002). History of the endocrine effects of licorice. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 110(6), 257-261.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., Marks, J. G., Shank, R. C., Slaga, T. J., Snyder, P. W., Andersen, F. A. (2013). Safety Assessment of Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract and Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Powder as Used in Cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(5), 5S-17S.

Arctium Lappa (Burdock) Root Powder

Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.

Fucus Vesiculosus Powder

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Fucus Vesiculosus Powder:

Fucus Vesiculosus Powder, also known as bladderwrack powder, is a natural ingredient derived from a type of seaweed found in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Fucus Vesiculosus Powder is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-nourishing properties. It is known for its ability to hydrate and soothe the skin, as well as reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. It is often included in skincare products such as masks, serums, and creams to help improve the appearance and texture of the skin.

3. Usage Fucus Vesiculosus Powder:

Fucus Vesiculosus Powder can be incorporated into skincare products in various ways. It can be mixed into facial masks to provide a nourishing and revitalizing treatment for the skin. It can also be added to serums and creams to enhance their moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties. When using products containing Fucus Vesiculosus Powder, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Bocanegra A, Bastida S, Benedí J, Ródenas S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Characteristics and nutritional and cardiovascular-health properties of seaweeds. J Med Food. 2009 Oct;12(5):236-58. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0153. PMID: 19857068.

- Fitton JH, Stringer DN, Karpiniec SS. Therapies from fucoidan: new developments. Mar Drugs. 2015 Mar 17;13(9):5920-40. doi: 10.3390/md13095920. PMID: 25786076; PMCID: PMC4598769.

- Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Song H, Li P. Potential antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity of low molecular weight fucoidan fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica. Int J Biol Macromol. 2010 Apr 1;46(1):6-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.11.005. Epub 2009 Nov 12. PMID: 19913695.

Ulmus Fulva Bark Powder

Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.

Dioscorea Villosa (Wild Yam) Root Powder

Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil

Other Names: Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil:

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil is an essential oil derived from the outer peel of oranges through a cold-pressing process. It is known for its sweet, citrusy aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Orange peel oil is often found in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers due to its ability to promote a clear, radiant complexion. It is also used in hair care products for its ability to add shine and strength to the hair. Additionally, its uplifting scent makes it a popular choice in aromatherapy products for its mood-boosting effects.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil:

When using products containing Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil, it is important to be cautious of potential skin sensitivities. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to ensure there is no adverse reaction. It is also important to avoid direct sunlight after applying products containing this essential oil, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays.

4. References:

- "Citrus aurantium dulcis peel oil" in CosIng - European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients. (https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=74866)

- "The effect of orange oil on the skin" by K. Manjula, S. S. Sravanthi, and P. G. M. Kumar in the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. (https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/the-effect-of-orange-oil-on-the-skin/?view=fulltext)

- "Citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel oil: an essential oil with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities" by S. S. Dorman and S. G. Deans in the Flavour and Fragrance Journal. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ffj.1220)

Diazolidinyl Urea

Other Names: Germall II; Liposerve DU; Germall Ⅱ

Function: Preservative

1. Definition Diazolidinyl Urea:

Diazolidinyl Urea is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is a white, odorless powder that is water-soluble and works by releasing formaldehyde to inhibit microbial growth.

2. Use:

Diazolidinyl Urea is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, conditioners, and makeup to extend their shelf life and maintain product quality. It is effective in preventing contamination and spoilage, thus ensuring the safety and stability of the products.

3. Usage Diazolidinyl Urea:

When using products containing Diazolidinyl Urea, it is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%, depending on the formulation and intended use of the product. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2006). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Diazolidinyl Urea. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/diazolidinyl%20urea.pdf

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Diazolidinyl Urea. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/diazolidinyl-urea/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=700.10

Citrus Reticulata Peel Oil

1. Definition Citrus Reticulata Peel Oil:

Citrus Reticulata Peel Oil, also known as mandarin essential oil, is derived from the peel of mandarin oranges through cold-pressing. It is a fragrant oil that is commonly used in cosmetics for its refreshing and uplifting scent.

2. Use:

Citrus Reticulata Peel Oil is widely used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties and potential skin benefits. It is often added to skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to provide a natural fragrance and promote a sense of relaxation. Additionally, it is believed to have antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Citrus Reticulata Peel Oil:

When using Citrus Reticulata Peel Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly to avoid skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing this essential oil to the skin, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. Due to its phototoxic nature, it is advisable to avoid direct sunlight exposure after application.

4. References:

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Lis-Balchin, M. (2006). Aromatherapy Science: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. Pharmaceutical Press.

- Buckle, J. (2003). Clinical Aromatherapy: Essential Oils in Healthcare (3rd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

EWG	CIR	Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function	Notes
1 2	A	Oryza Sativa (Rice) Starch (Viscosity Controlling, Binding, Absorbent, Bulking Agent)
1	A	Solanum Tuberosum (Potato) Starch (Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Absorbent, Bulking Agent)
1	B	Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate (Hair Conditioning, Surfactant, Cleansing)	Fungal Acne Trigger Cleansing
1	-	Avena Sativa (Oat) Starch (Absorbent)
1 2	A	Silica (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent)
1 3	B	Salicylic Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Denaturant , Preservative, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Antidandruff Agent, Antiacne Agent, Keratolytic, Corn/Callus/Wart Remover)	Bad for sensitive skin Good for oily skin Acne fighting
1 2	-	Papain (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Lytic Agent)
1 2	-	Bromelain (Skin Conditioning, Keratolytic, Lytic Agent)
-	-	Juglans Nigra Shell Powder
-	A	Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Powder	Acne fighting Brightening
-	-	Arctium Lappa (Burdock) Root Powder
1	-	Fucus Vesiculosus Powder (Skin Conditioning)
-	-	Ulmus Fulva Bark Powder
-	-	Dioscorea Villosa (Wild Yam) Root Powder
5	B	Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil (Skin Conditioning)
6	B	Diazolidinyl Urea (Preservative)
5	B	Citrus Reticulata Peel Oil

Wisp Enzyme Infusion Exfoliant

Ingredients

Analysis results of Ingredients

Ingredient List