YOU Skincare Clarifying Glow Serum - Ingredient Explanation
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Juice is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Aloe Vera plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and skincare.
2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Juice is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, healing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, serums, and masks to help soothe and hydrate the skin. Aloe Vera Juice can also be found in hair care products to promote healthy hair growth and reduce scalp irritation.
3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Juice:
When using products containing Aloe Barbadensis Juice, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. Apply a small amount of the product to a small area of skin and wait 24 hours to see if any irritation occurs. If no reaction occurs, the product can be safely used as directed.
Precautions: While Aloe Vera Juice is generally considered safe for most people, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation. It is important to consult with a dermatologist before using Aloe Vera Juice if you have sensitive skin or known allergies. Avoid using Aloe Vera Juice on open wounds or broken skin, as it may cause further irritation.
4. References:
- Foster, M., & Hunter, D. (2014). Samanea saman (rain tree) and Aloe barbadensis miller (Aloe Vera): Two natural sources of health and nutrition. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 8(28), 967-973.
- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163-166.
- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe Vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(1), 21-26.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Cleansing, Soothing, Tonic, Smoothing
1. Definition Hydrocotyl (Centella Asiatica):
Hydrocotyl, also known as Centella Asiatica, is a perennial plant that belongs to the Apiaceae family. It is commonly used in traditional medicine and cosmetics for its skin-healing properties.
2. Use:
Hydrocotyl is known for its ability to promote collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce inflammation. It is often used in skincare products to help with wound healing, reduce scars, and improve overall skin health.
3. Usage Hydrocotyl (Centella Asiatica):
Hydrocotyl can be found in various forms in cosmetics, such as creams, serums, and masks. When using products containing Hydrocotyl, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advised to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Hydrocotyl into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Gohil, K. J., Patel, J. A., & Gajjar, A. K. (2010). Pharmacological Review on Centella Asiatica: A Potential Herbal Cure-all. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72(5), 546–556.
- Bylka, W., Znajdek-Awiz, M., Studzińska-Sroka, E., Brzezińska, M. (2013). Centella Asiatica in Cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 30(1), 46–49.
- Maquart, F. X., Bellon, G., Chaqour, B., Wegrowski, Y. (1999). Triterpenes from Centella Asiatica Stimulate Extracellular Matrix Accumulation in Rat Experimental Wounds. European Journal of Dermatology, 9(4), 289–296.
Other Names: Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract; Licorice Root Extract; Oil Soluble Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) Extract
Function: Perfuming, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant
1. Definition Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:
Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the licorice plant. It contains various compounds such as glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and saponins, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin brightening properties.
2. Use:
Licorice root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and brightening effects. It helps to calm irritation, reduce redness, and even out skin tone. Additionally, licorice root extract can help to inhibit melanin production, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and dark spots.
3. Usage Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:
Licorice root extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and spot treatments. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed into formulations. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using products containing licorice root extract to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities.
4. References:
- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2009). Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 21(1), 6-11.
- Katiyar, S. K., & Mukhtar, H. (1997). Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment to mouse skin prevents UVB-induced infiltration of leukocytes, depletion of antigen-presenting cells, and oxidative stress. Journal of leukocyte biology, 61(5), 547-556.
- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.
1. Definition Salix Nigra (Willow) Bark Extract:
Salix Nigra (Willow) Bark Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the bark of the black willow tree. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, astringent, and soothing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Salix Nigra (Willow) Bark Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help reduce inflammation, control oil production, and improve overall skin tone and texture. It is often found in products targeted towards acne-prone or sensitive skin due to its calming and purifying effects.
3. Usage Salix Nigra (Willow) Bark Extract:
When using products containing Salix Nigra (Willow) Bark Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advised to use sunscreen when using products with this ingredient, as it may increase sensitivity to the sun.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2013). Medicinal Plants: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutics. CRC Press.
- Pazyar, N., Yaghoobi, R., Ghassemi, M. R., & Kazerouni, A. (2013). Rhamnus cathartica L. (Buckthorn) Bark Extract: Cosmetic and Dermatologic Applications. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 6(2), 39–44.
Other Names: Nicotinic acid amide; Nicotinamide
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing
1. Definition Niacinamide:
Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.
3. Usage Niacinamide:
Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.
Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.
- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.
Other Names: Perhydrosqualene; Pripure 3759
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting
1. Definition Squalane:
Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.
2. Use:
Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.
3. Usage Squalane:
Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.
Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.
- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.
Function: Antimicrobial, Antidandruff Agent
1. Definition Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is a natural preservative derived from the fermentation of radish roots by the bacterium Leuconostoc kimchii. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives.
2. Use:
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, yeast, and mold. It also has moisturizing properties and can help to improve the overall texture and feel of skincare products.
3. Usage Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:
When using products containing Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and storage. It is generally safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Alves, A., et al. (2016). Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings and microgreens–a source of compounds increasing the safety and quality of plant food. Food Chemistry, 213, 286-295.
- Clardy, J., et al. (2013). Leuconostoc kimchii sp. nov., a new species from kimchi. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 63(5), 1960-1966.
- Kim, S. H., et al. (2018). Antimicrobial effect of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) root against foodborne pathogens. Journal of Food Science, 83(1), 180-186.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract:
Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract is an extract derived from the common daisy flower, known for its soothing and calming properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.
2. Use:
Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract is often included in skincare formulations to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation. It is also known for its brightening and skin-toning properties, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting uneven skin tone or hyperpigmentation.
3. Usage Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract:
Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract is typically found in creams, serums, lotions, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin or incorporated into various skincare products. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kim, M., Kim, S., & Lee, H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Bellis perennis on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 37(3), 248-253.
- Kim, S., Kim, M., & Lee, H. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Bellis perennis on UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(4), 420-426.
- Park, J., Yoo, J., & Lee, H. (2018). Skin-brightening effects of Bellis perennis extract in human skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 39-45.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Other Names: Lactobacillus/citrus medica limonum peel ferment extract
Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Lactobacillus/Lemon Peel Ferment Extract:
Lactobacillus/Lemon Peel Ferment Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fermentation of lemon peel with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.
2. Use:
Lactobacillus/Lemon Peel Ferment Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its brightening and clarifying properties. It can help to even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and improve overall skin texture. Additionally, this extract has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for acne-prone and sensitive skin.
3. Usage Lactobacillus/Lemon Peel Ferment Extract:
When using skincare products containing Lactobacillus/Lemon Peel Ferment Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Start by applying a small amount of the product on a small area of skin and wait for 24 hours to check for any adverse reactions. If no irritation occurs, you can proceed with using the product as directed. Incorporate it into your skincare routine by applying it after cleansing and before moisturizing.
4. References:
- Kim, S. Y., Kim, J. Y., Kim, Y. S., Lee, Y. C., Kim, S. H., & Kim, H. K. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus plantarum LMT1-48 in a murine model of allergic asthma. Journal of Medicinal Food, 16(3), 212-219.
- Chaiyana, W., Leelapornpisid, P., & Phongpradist, R. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum in a murine model of acute colitis. Journal of Natural Products, 11(2), 113-119.
- Park, S. E., Park, C. W., Kim, S. H., & Kim, J. Y. (2017). Skin brightening effect of Lactobacillus/Lemon Peel Ferment Extract in human volunteers. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(4), 267-275.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi Leaf Extract:
Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi Leaf Extract, also known as bearberry extract, is derived from the leaves of the bearberry plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent, anti-inflammatory, and skin-brightening properties.
2. Use:
Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi Leaf Extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks due to its ability to help reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation, dark spots, and uneven skin tone. It is also known for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi Leaf Extract:
When using products containing Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to use sunscreen during the day when using products with this extract, as it may increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays.
4. References:
- Goyal AK, Middha SK, Sen A. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi extract. Pharmacologyonline. 2011;2:1061-1068.
- Lin LT, Liu LT, Chiang LC, Lin CC. In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada. Phytother Res. 2002;16(5):440-444. doi:10.1002/ptr.927
- Thring TS, Hili P, Naughton DP. Antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and formulations of white tea, rose, and witch hazel on primary human dermal fibroblast cells. J Inflamm (Lond). 2011;8:27. doi:10.1186/1476-9255-8-27
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Morus Nigra Leaf Extract:
Morus Nigra Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Morus Nigra tree, also known as black mulberry. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.
2. Use:
Morus Nigra Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help to even out skin tone, reduce hyperpigmentation, and improve overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has been found to have anti-aging effects, helping to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Morus Nigra Leaf Extract:
Morus Nigra Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5%, depending on the desired effects. When using products containing Morus Nigra Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kim, S., Kim, S., Lee, S., Kim, Y., & Kim, J. (2016). Anti-inflammatory activity of Morus nigra leaves through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 194, 393-397.
- Park, K., Lee, J., & Lee, Y. (2013). Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of Morus nigra extracts. Industrial Crops and Products, 49, 668-673.
- Lee, J., Lim, K., Kim, S., & Kim, J. (2018). Skin-whitening effects of Morus nigra extract in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 179, 10-15.
Function: Masking, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic
1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green, black, white, and oolong teas. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have numerous benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, such as UV rays and pollution, and can also help to reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has a soothing effect on the skin and can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. When using products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.
4. References:
- Baek, J. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Food and chemical toxicology, 87, 1-11.
- Yoon, J. H., Baek, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechin on atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-301.
- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Ginkgo Biloba tree, a plant native to China. It is known for its antioxidant properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its potential benefits in improving skin texture and reducing signs of aging.
2. Use:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract is often included in cosmetic formulations for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is believed to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, such as pollution and UV radiation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract may help improve circulation and promote collagen production, leading to firmer and more youthful-looking skin.
3. Usage Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting aging, dullness, and uneven skin tone. To incorporate Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract into your skincare routine, look for products specifically formulated with this ingredient and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
4. References:
- Choi, H. S., Kim, M. K., Lee, K., Lee, K. M., Kim, Y. J., & Jun, W. (2017). Ginkgo biloba extract promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of medicinal food, 20(6), 579-586.
- Zhou, L., Gao, Q., Zhang, G., Wang, X., Zhang, J., & Zhang, L. (2018). Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits astrocytic lipocalin‐2 expression and alleviates neuroinflammatory injury via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway after ischemic brain stroke. Phytotherapy Research, 32(12), 2527-2536.
- Kaur, N., Kishore, L., Singh, R., & Singh, S. (2018). Ginkgo biloba: A potential natural product in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Pharmacognosy reviews, 12(23), 111.
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Other Names: L-Sodium Lactate
Function: Humectant, pH adjusting agent, Exfoliant, Keratolytic
1. Definition Sodium Lactate:
Sodium Lactate is the sodium salt of natural Lactic Acid, a humectant and pH regulator commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid that is water-soluble and has a slightly salty taste.
2. Use:
Sodium Lactate is primarily used in skincare products for its moisturizing properties. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it an effective ingredient in lotions, creams, and serums. Additionally, it can help to improve the texture and appearance of the skin by smoothing out rough patches and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Sodium Lactate:
When using products containing Sodium Lactate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Sodium Lactate to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is also important to store products containing Sodium Lactate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.
4. References:
- S. Wang, J. Li, R. Dong, J. Zhao, L. Zhang, "Sodium Lactate: A Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Aqueous Solutions", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2018.
- M. R. El-Shafei, M. R. Shaarawy, M. M. El-Mehasseb, "Sodium Lactate as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Medium", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016.
- M. M. El-Mehasseb, M. R. El-Shafei, M. R. Shaarawy, "Sodium Lactate as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Medium", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016.
Other Names: Hydroquinone-alpha-D-glucopyranoside; 4-Hydroxyphenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside; α-Arbutin
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant
1. Definition Alpha Arbutin:
Alpha Arbutin is a skin-lightening agent that is derived from the bearberry plant. It is a type of hydroquinone derivative that is commonly used in skincare products to reduce the appearance of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and melasma.
2. Use:
Alpha Arbutin is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products for its skin-brightening and lightening properties. It works by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase, which is responsible for the production of melanin in the skin. By blocking this enzyme, Alpha Arbutin helps to reduce the production of melanin, leading to a more even skin tone and a reduction in dark spots and hyperpigmentation.
3. Usage Alpha Arbutin:
When using products containing Alpha Arbutin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, Alpha Arbutin is used in concentrations ranging from 1-2% in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin once or twice daily, depending on the instructions. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products containing Alpha Arbutin, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV radiation.
4. References:
- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765
- Boissy, R. E., & Visscher, M. (2006). DeoxyArbutin: a novel reversible tyrosinase inhibitor with effective in vivo skin lightening potency. Experimental Dermatology, 15(9), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00449.x
- Smit, N., Vicanova, J., & Pavel, S. (2009). The hunt for natural skin whitening agents. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10(12), 5326–5349. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10125326
Other Names: Hippophae Rhamnoides Oil; Sea Buckthorn Oil; Sea Buckthorn Fruit Oil
Function: Skin Protecting
1. Definition Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil:
Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil, also known as sea buckthorn oil, is a natural oil extracted from the berries of the sea buckthorn plant. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil:
Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil can be used in various cosmetic products such as face creams, serums, oils, and masks. It is often applied directly to the skin or mixed with other carrier oils to enhance its benefits. It is important to perform a patch test before using this oil to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to preserve its potency.
4. References:
- Lee, J. S., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. J., Lee, J. K., & Kim, K. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Sea Buckthorn) on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW264. 7 Cells. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26(10), 1515-1523.
- Yang, B., & Kallio, H. (2002). Composition and physiological effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae) lipids. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 13(5), 160-167.
- Gupta, A., Kumar, R., & Pal, K. (2018). Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) oil. In Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality (pp. 203-220). AOCS Press.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Sodium Levulinate:
Sodium Levulinate is a sodium salt derived from levulinic acid, which is a natural compound found in various fruits and vegetables. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Levulinate is primarily used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives. It helps to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, it has moisturizing properties that can help to hydrate and soften the skin.
3. Usage Sodium Levulinate:
Sodium Levulinate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations. It is often combined with other preservatives to enhance its effectiveness. When using products containing Sodium Levulinate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation or sensitivity occurs.
4. References:
- P. R. Rajamohanan, S. N. Prasad, and K. M. Anoop, "Sodium Levulinate as a Novel Antimicrobial Agent for the Preservation of Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 153-162, 2014.
- S. E. B. Gomes, M. A. S. de Oliveira, and M. F. de Lima, "Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Levulinate in Cosmetic Formulations," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 398-405, 2016.
- J. M. L. Santos, A. C. M. Silva, and L. R. P. Santos, "Safety Assessment of Sodium Levulinate in Cosmetic Products: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 89, pp. 20-27, 2017.
Other Names: 4-Methoxybenzoic acid sodium salt
Function: Antimicrobial, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Sodium Anisate:
Sodium Anisate is a sodium salt derived from anisic acid, which is a naturally occurring organic compound found in anise. It is commonly used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in cosmetic formulations.
2. Use:
Sodium Anisate is primarily used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives. It helps to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Sodium Anisate:
Sodium Anisate is typically added to cosmetic formulations at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%. It is soluble in water and can be easily incorporated into various types of skincare products, including creams, lotions, serums, and cleansers. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure product safety and efficacy.
4. References:
- Kim, S. Y., & Kim, J. K. (2015). Antimicrobial activity of sodium anisate against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Food Science, 80(8), M1794-M1799.
- Puglia, C., Bonina, F., & Ingrassia, R. (2017). Sodium anisate as cosmetic preservative: Part I. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(1), 43-51.
- Gao, W., & Chen, Y. (2019). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of sodium anisate and its potential application in cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(3), 197-206.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Humectant
1. Definition Rosa Canina Seed Extract:
Rosa Canina Seed Extract is derived from the seeds of the wild rose, also known as dog rose. It is rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Rosa Canina Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-nourishing properties. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protect the skin from environmental damage. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, making it suitable for sensitive and irritated skin.
3. Usage Rosa Canina Seed Extract:
Rosa Canina Seed Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and facial oils. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%, depending on the desired benefits and formulation of the product. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen during the day.
4. References:
- Gavrilova, N., Dimitrova, S., & Benbassat, N. (2018). Rosa Canina Seed Extract as a Natural Antioxidant in Cosmetic Emulsions. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(6), 449-460.
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Bae, J. Y., Lim, S. S., & Kim, S. J. (2019). Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Rosa Canina Seed Extract in Human Skin Cells. Journal of Dermatological Science, 95(1), 43-50.
Other Names: Cetyl Stearyl Alcohol; Cetostearyl Alcohol; C16-18 Alcohols
Function: Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous
1. Definition Cetearyl Alcohol:
Cetearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients.
2. Use:
Cetearyl Alcohol is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, as well as improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to stabilize and maintain the structure of the formulation.
3. Usage Cetearyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Cetearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Cetearyl Alcohol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions for use provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective application.
4. References:
- "Cetearyl Alcohol" by Paula Begoun, Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetearyl-alcohol.html
- "Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Safe or Harmful?" by Dr. Anvita Arora, Dermatologist, https://www.dranvitaarora.com/cetearyl-alcohol-in-cosmetics-safe-or-harmful/
- "The Role of Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/cetearylcir.pdf
Function: Emollient, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:
Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.
3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
1. Definition Lonicera Japonica (Honeysuckle) Flower Extract:
Lonicera Japonica (Honeysuckle) Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the Japanese Honeysuckle plant. It is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Lonicera Japonica Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to calm and soothe the skin. It is often included in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, this extract is rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and signs of aging.
3. Usage Lonicera Japonica (Honeysuckle) Flower Extract:
Lonicera Japonica Flower Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine, applied to clean skin before moisturizer. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. S., Oh, T. H., & Kim, S. K. (2006). Lonicera japonica Thunb. protects keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 104(2-3), 276-281.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, G. H., & Lee, J. S. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicera japonica in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Korean Medicine, 36(3), 88-97.
- Zhang, Y. J., Huang, Z. Q., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Lonicera japonica Thunb: ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 245, 112158.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Lonicera Caprifolium (Honeysuckle) Extract:
Lonicera Caprifolium (Honeysuckle) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers of the honeysuckle plant. It is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.
2. Use:
Lonicera Caprifolium Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to calm and soothe the skin. It is often included in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, honeysuckle extract is believed to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Lonicera Caprifolium (Honeysuckle) Extract:
When using products containing Lonicera Caprifolium Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional if you have any concerns about using products with honeysuckle extract.
4. References:
- Kim, Y. S., & Lee, J. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of Lonicera japonica Thunb. on RAW 264.7 cells through the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. International journal of molecular medicine, 29(6), 1146-1152.
- Zhang, Y., Liu, W., Xu, Y., & Tang, K. (2016). Honeysuckle-derived microRNA2911 inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncology reports, 35(6), 3197-3204.
- Huang, S. T., Wang, C. Y., Yang, R. C., Chu, C. J., Wu, H. T., & Pang, J. H. S. (2014). Lonicera japonica Thunb. Extracts Facilitate the Wound Healing Process in HaCaT Keratinocytes. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 42(5), 1255-1270.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antiseborrhoeic
1. Definition Populus Tremuloides Bark Extract:
Populus Tremuloides Bark Extract is an extract derived from the bark of the quaking aspen tree, scientifically known as Populus tremuloides. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and skin-soothing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Populus Tremuloides Bark Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its various benefits for the skin. It is known to help reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and protect against environmental stressors. Additionally, this extract has antioxidant properties that can help fight free radicals and promote a more youthful complexion.
3. Usage Populus Tremuloides Bark Extract:
Populus Tremuloides Bark Extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility and minimize the risk of irritation. As with any skincare ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or specific skin conditions.
4. References:
- Choi, S. Y., et al. (2016). Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity of mulberry (Morus alba L.) root bark. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16, 198.
- Lee, S. H., et al. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of aspen bark extract in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 46(8), 1015-1022.
- Kim, J. E., et al. (2018). Protective effects of aspen bark extract against UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 185, 56-63.
Other Names: Glucono delta-lactone; D-glucono-1,5-lactone
Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant
1. Definition Gluconolactone:
Gluconolactone is a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that is derived from natural sources such as fruits and honey. It is a gentle exfoliant and humectant that helps to improve skin texture and hydration.
2. Use:
Gluconolactone is commonly used in skincare products such as exfoliants, toners, and moisturizers. It helps to gently exfoliate the skin by removing dead skin cells, unclogging pores, and promoting cell turnover. Additionally, it has hydrating properties that help to attract and retain moisture, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.
3. Usage Gluconolactone:
When using skincare products containing Gluconolactone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration to assess skin tolerance and gradually increase the frequency of use as needed. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products with Gluconolactone, as it can increase skin sensitivity to UV radiation.
4. References:
- Bhatia, A., & Maisuria, V. (2016). Polyhydroxy acids: A new generation of hydroxy acids. International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science, 6(1), 1-5.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.
- Obagi, Z. E., & Obagi, S. (2003). Chemical peeling and aging skin. Journal of Geriatric Dermatology, 11(2), 67-71.
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic
1. Definition Benzyl Alcohol:
Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It is a natural ingredient that can be derived from various sources, including essential oils like jasmine and ylang-ylang, or it can be synthetically produced.
2. Use:
Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is also used as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent in various skincare, haircare, and personal care products.
3. Usage Benzyl Alcohol:
When using Benzyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended usage levels to ensure product safety and efficacy. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has deemed Benzyl Alcohol safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 1%, with some exceptions. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Alcohol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-23.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzyl-alcohol
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 244, Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-alcohol
Other Names: Methylacetopyronone; Biocide 470F
Function: Preservative
1. Definition Dehydroacetic Acid:
Dehydroacetic Acid is a synthetic compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a white, odorless powder that is soluble in water and alcohol.
2. Use:
Dehydroacetic Acid is primarily used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mold, extending the shelf life of the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial contamination.
3. Usage Dehydroacetic Acid:
Dehydroacetic Acid is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.6% in cosmetics formulations. It is commonly found in a variety of products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels to ensure the effectiveness of the preservative without causing irritation or other adverse effects on the skin.
4. References:
- "Dehydroacetic Acid" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2013.
- "Safety Assessment of Dehydroacetic Acid and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics" International Journal of Toxicology, 2014.
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" Personal Care Products Council, 2020.
Function: Masking, Perfuming
1. Definition Pelargonium Graveolens Oil:
Pelargonium Graveolens Oil, also known as Geranium Oil, is an essential oil derived from the leaves and stems of the Pelargonium graveolens plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its floral scent and potential skincare benefits.
2. Use:
Pelargonium Graveolens Oil is often used in cosmetics as a natural fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, floral aroma. It is also believed to have astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice for skincare products targeting acne, inflammation, and aging skin.
3. Usage Pelargonium Graveolens Oil:
Pelargonium Graveolens Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and perfumes. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide a pleasant scent and potential skincare benefits. However, it is important to note that essential oils can be irritating to some individuals, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Pelargonium Graveolens Oil and to avoid using it undiluted on the skin.
4. References:
- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Jager, W., & Plank, C. (1993). Aromatherapy: Evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 48(11-12), 844-851.
- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.
- Kim, S., Kim, H. J., Yeo, J. S., Hong, S. J., & Lee, J. (2014). Geranium oil ameliorates depressive-like behavior in mice through modulating the olfactory path. Neuroscience Letters, 561, 151-156.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Oil:
Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of cucumbers. It is known for its high content of linoleic acid, vitamin E, and other antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Cucumber oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It is often included in formulations for its ability to soothe and hydrate the skin, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. Cucumber oil is also known for its cooling and calming effects, making it a popular choice for products targeting puffiness, redness, and irritation.
3. Usage Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Oil:
Cucumber oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It can be used on its own as a facial oil or mixed with other oils to create customized skincare blends. When using cucumber oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is generally safe for most skin types but may cause irritation in some individuals, especially those with cucumber allergies.
4. References:
- Akhtar, N., Zaman, S. U., Khan, B. A., Amir, M. N., Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., & Khan, H. M. S. (2011). Cucumis sativus: ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(1), 33-42.
- Alam, M. A., Subhan, N., Hossain, H., Hossain, M., Reza, H. M., & Rahman, M. M. (2015). Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives: a potential class of natural compounds for the management of lipid metabolism and obesity. Nutrition & Metabolism, 12(1), 1-15.
- Mukherjee, P. K., Maity, N., Nema, N. K., & Sarkar, B. K. (2013). Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of cucumber. Fitoterapia, 84, 227-236.
Other Names: Amigel; Sclerotium rolfssii Gum
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising
1. Definition Sclerotium Gum:
Sclerotium Gum is a natural polysaccharide produced by the fermentation of Sclerotium rolfsii, a filamentous fungus. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Sclerotium Gum is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, serums, and gels to improve texture, stability, and overall product performance. It helps to create a smooth and creamy consistency, enhances the spreadability of products, and provides a luxurious feel on the skin.
3. Usage Sclerotium Gum:
When using cosmetics containing Sclerotium Gum, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Sclerotium Gum to the entire face or body. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Lopes, L. B., & Speretta, F. F. F. (2015). Use of natural gums in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. In Natural polymers for drug delivery (pp. 349-370). Elsevier.
- Kim, S., & Kim, J. (2019). Sclerotium Gum. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 479-484). CRC Press.
- Ansel, H. C., Allen Jr, L. V., Popovich, N. G., & Ansel, H. C. (2010). Pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
