Full ingredients list Atomy White Broad Spectrum Spf 50 PA+++

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
5		Octinoxate (Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent)	UV Protection
1 3		Octisalate (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
2 9		Zinc Oxide (Skin Protecting, Cosmetic Colorant, Sunscreen Agent, Bulking Agent)	UV Protection Good for oily skin
1		Water (Solvent)
1	B	Butyloctyl Salicylate (Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)
3	A	Cyclopentasiloxane (Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Silicone
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1 2	A	Dipropylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
1		Dicaprylyl Carbonate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
3	A	Peg 10 Dimethicone (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Disteardimonium Hectorite (Viscosity Controlling, Stabilising)
1		Portulaca Oleracea Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Magnesium Sulfate (Hair Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent)
1 3	A	Dimethicone (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent)	Silicone
1	A	Aluminum Hydroxide (Humectant, Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling)
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
1	A	Aluminum Stearate (Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant, Viscosity Controlling, Anticaking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising)
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
1		Triethoxycaprylylsilane (Binding Agent, Binding)
1	A	Methicone (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Surface Modifier)	Silicone
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Glyceryl Caprylate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1	A	Stearic Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Polyglyceryl 6 Polyricinoleate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer (Viscosity Controlling)
1	B	Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract (Masking, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic)	Good for oily skin
1		Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Oil	Bad for sensitive skin
1		Althaea Officinalis Leaf/Root Extract (Emollient)
1		Melissa Officinalis Extract
1		Borago Officinalis Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	B	Centella Asiatica Extract (Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Cleansing, Soothing, Smoothing)	Promotes Wound Healing
3 4		Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine) Extract (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Soothing, Moisturising, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive)
1		Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract (Tonic)

Octinoxate

Function: Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent

1. Definition Octinoxate:

Octinoxate, also known as Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, is a common chemical compound used in sunscreen and other cosmetic products to absorb UVB rays from the sun. It is a clear liquid that is oil-soluble and has a light, non-greasy texture.

2. Use:

Octinoxate is primarily used as a UV filter in sunscreen products to protect the skin from sunburn and reduce the risk of skin cancer. It is also found in various cosmetics such as lip balms, moisturizers, and foundations to provide sun protection.

3. Usage Octinoxate:

When using products containing Octinoxate, it is important to follow the instructions on the packaging and apply the product generously to all exposed skin areas. It is recommended to reapply sunscreen every 2 hours, especially after swimming or sweating. Individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products with Octinoxate to avoid any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Klammer H, Schlecht C, Wuttke W, Schmutzler C, Gotthardt I, Kohrle J, Jarry H. Effects of a 5-day treatment with the UV-filter octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC) on the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid function in rats. Toxicology. 2007;238(2-3):192-9.

- Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B, Lichtensteiger W. In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109(3):239-44.

- Janjua NR, Kongshoj B, Andersson AM, Wulf HC. Sunscreens in human plasma and urine after repeated whole-body topical application. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22(4):456-61.

Octisalate

Other name: 2-Ethylhexyl Salicylate; Octyl Salicylate; Ethylhexyl salicylate

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Octisalate:

Octisalate, also known as ethylhexyl salicylate, is a commonly used organic compound that is primarily used as a sunscreen agent in cosmetics. It is a clear liquid with a faint odor and is oil-soluble.

2. Use:

Octisalate is used in cosmetic products, particularly in sunscreens, to help protect the skin from the harmful effects of UVB rays. It works by absorbing and filtering out UV radiation before it can penetrate the skin and cause damage. Octisalate is often combined with other sunscreen agents to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays.

3. Usage Octisalate:

Octisalate is safe for use in cosmetics when used as directed. It is typically found in sunscreen products with an SPF of 15 or higher. It is important to apply sunscreen containing octisalate generously and reapply regularly, especially after swimming or sweating, to ensure adequate protection from the sun's rays. Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to octisalate, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before widespread use.

4. References:

- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Octisalate

- https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/704793-OCTISALATE/

- https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/sunscreen-actives/octisalate.html

Zinc Oxide

Other name: microfine Zinc Oxide; CI 77947

Function: Skin Protecting, Cosmetic Colorant, Sunscreen Agent, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Zinc Oxide:

Zinc Oxide is a mineral compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and protective properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often included in sunscreen, skincare products, and makeup formulations.

2. Use:

Zinc Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays from the sun. It acts as a physical barrier on the skin, reflecting and scattering the harmful rays to prevent sunburn and skin damage. In addition to its sun protection benefits, Zinc Oxide also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Zinc Oxide:

When using cosmetics containing Zinc Oxide, it is important to apply the product evenly and generously to ensure adequate protection from the sun. Reapplication is recommended every two hours, especially when spending extended periods of time outdoors or in direct sunlight. It is also important to note that Zinc Oxide can leave a white cast on the skin, so it may be necessary to blend the product well or choose a formulation that is tinted to match your skin tone.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products (Cosmetic Science and Technology Series). CRC Press.

- Wang, S. Q., & Lim, H. W. (2007). Current status of the sunscreen regulation in the United States: 2011 Food and Drug Administration's final rule on labeling and effectiveness testing. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 66(3), 489-496.

- Nasir, A., Kalam, A., Singh, P., & Sharma, K. (2019). Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants. Journal of Materials Science, 54(2), 1016-1042.

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Butyloctyl Salicylate

Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Butyloctyl Salicylate:

Butyloctyl Salicylate is an ester derived from salicylic acid and butyloctyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a sunscreen agent and emollient.

2. Use:

Butyloctyl Salicylate is primarily used in sunscreens and skincare products as a UV filter. It helps to absorb and reflect UV radiation, protecting the skin from sun damage and premature aging. Additionally, it is used as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and moisturized.

3. Usage Butyloctyl Salicylate:

Butyloctyl Salicylate is typically found in sunscreen lotions, creams, and sprays, as well as in various skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging treatments. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure proper protection from the sun and optimal skin benefits. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing Butyloctyl Salicylate to check for any potential allergic reactions or skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2010). Safety Assessment of Butyloctyl Salicylate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/butyloctyl%20salicylate.pdf

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butyloctyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butyloctyl-salicylate

- U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021). Butyloctyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butyloctyl-salicylate

Cyclopentasiloxane

Other name: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; Cyclopenasiloxane; BRB CM 50

Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:

Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.

2. Use:

Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.

3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:

When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.

- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.

- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Dipropylene Glycol

Other name: DPG

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Dipropylene Glycol:

Dipropylene Glycol is a type of glycol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is soluble in water and has a low volatility.

2. Use:

Dipropylene Glycol is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and increase the moisture content of formulations. It is commonly found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup.

3. Usage Dipropylene Glycol:

When using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

Precautions: While Dipropylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dipropylene-glycol

- "Safety Assessment of Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/dipropylene_glycol.pdf

- "Dipropylene Glycol in Cosmetics" Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/dipropylene-glycol-in-cosmetics

Dicaprylyl Carbonate

Other name: CETIOL CC

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Dicaprylyl Carbonate:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and carbonic acid. Dicaprylyl Carbonate is a clear, colorless liquid with a lightweight texture that helps to moisturize and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and hair care products. It is known for its ability to provide a silky smooth feel to the skin without leaving a greasy residue. Dicaprylyl Carbonate also helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhance the overall texture.

3. Usage Dicaprylyl Carbonate:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-20% in cosmetic formulations. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and is often included in products designed for dry or dehydrated skin. When using products containing Dicaprylyl Carbonate, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, discontinue use if irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dicaprylyl-carbonate

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dicaprylyl-carbonate/

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dicaprylyl-carbonate

Peg 10 Dimethicone

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Peg 10 Dimethicone:

Peg 10 Dimethicone is a type of silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is created by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to dimethicone, a type of silicone oil. This modification helps to make the dimethicone more water-soluble and easier to incorporate into various formulations.

2. Use:

Peg 10 Dimethicone is a versatile ingredient that is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens, as well as in hair care products like conditioners and styling products. Peg 10 Dimethicone is valued for its ability to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin and hair, as well as its ability to help products spread easily and evenly.

3. Usage Peg 10 Dimethicone:

When using products containing Peg 10 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. While Peg 10 Dimethicone is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product containing Peg 10 Dimethicone and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Peg-10 Dimethicone." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-10-dimethicone.

- Smith, Sarah. "The Benefits of Dimethicone in Skin Care." Dermstore, 20 Sept. 2019, www.dermstore.com/blog/dimethicone-in-skin-care/.

- "Silicones in Cosmetics." Personal Care Products Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/silicones-in-cosmetics/.

Disteardimonium Hectorite

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Stabilising

1. Definition Disteardimonium Hectorite:

Disteardimonium Hectorite is a synthetic clay mineral derived from hectorite clay. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, suspending agent, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Disteardimonium Hectorite is primarily used in cosmetics to create a smooth and creamy texture in products such as foundations, concealers, and creams. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product and enhance its overall performance.

3. Usage Disteardimonium Hectorite:

When using products containing Disteardimonium Hectorite, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. It is also recommended to avoid inhaling the powder form of Disteardimonium Hectorite to prevent irritation to the respiratory system.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Disteardimonium Hectorite as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Evaluation of the Skin Irritation Potential of Disteardimonium Hectorite" by the Journal of Cosmetic Science

- "Formulation and Characterization of Disteardimonium Hectorite-Based Cosmetic Products" by the International Journal of Cosmetic Science

Portulaca Oleracea Extract

Other name: Purslane Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the common purslane plant, known for its high levels of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties.

2. Use:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and nourishing benefits on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 0.5-2% to provide the desired benefits without causing any irritation. To use products containing Portulaca Oleracea Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., Anti-inflammatory effect of Portulaca oleracea in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2014; 42(6):1493-1507.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, D. W., Park, S. E., et al. Protective effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on DSS-induced murine colitis. International Immunopharmacology. 2019; 73:539-547.

- Lee, H. Y., Kim, S. W., Lee, G. H., et al. The effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on UVB-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018; 220:64-73.

Magnesium Sulfate

Function: Hair Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Magnesium Sulfate:

Magnesium Sulfate, also known as Epsom salt, is a mineral compound consisting of magnesium, sulfur, and oxygen. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its various benefits for the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Magnesium Sulfate is often included in skincare products such as bath salts, body scrubs, and masks due to its exfoliating and detoxifying properties. It can help to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve overall skin texture. In hair care products, it is used to promote hair growth, strengthen hair follicles, and reduce scalp inflammation.

3. Usage Magnesium Sulfate:

When using products containing Magnesium Sulfate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation. It is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. Avoid contact with the eyes and rinse thoroughly if contact occurs. Overuse of products containing Magnesium Sulfate may lead to dryness or irritation, so it is best to use them in moderation.

4. References:

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2013). Safety assessment of magnesium sulfate as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 32(6_suppl), 5S-22S.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

- Schreml, S., Szeimies, R. M., Prantl, L., Karrer, S., & Landthaler, M. (2008). A new concept of skin aging: In vivo aging of dermal collagen in skin. Experimental dermatology, 17(7), 549-557.

Dimethicone

Other name: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent

1. Definition Dimethicone:

Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone:

When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.

Aluminum Hydroxide

Function: Humectant, Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Aluminum Hydroxide:

Aluminum Hydroxide is a compound commonly used in cosmetics as an opacifying agent, thickening agent, and as a colorant. It is a white, odorless, and non-toxic powder that is insoluble in water.

2. Use:

Aluminum Hydroxide is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and foundations. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, while also providing a matte finish to the skin. Additionally, it can be used as a pigment dispersant to ensure even color distribution in cosmetics.

3. Usage Aluminum Hydroxide:

When using cosmetics containing Aluminum Hydroxide, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. While Aluminum Hydroxide is considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory agencies, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Aluminum Hydroxide, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, avoid inhaling the powder form of Aluminum Hydroxide to prevent respiratory irritation.

4. References:

- "Aluminum Hydroxide in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety." Cosmetics Info. www.cosmeticsinfo.org.

- "Safety Assessment of Aluminum Hydroxide as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. www.cir-safety.org.

- "Aluminum Hydroxide: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning." WebMD. www.webmd.com.

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Aluminum Stearate

Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant, Viscosity Controlling, Anticaking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising

1. Definition Aluminum Stearate:

Aluminum Stearate is a white, powdery substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, thickening agent, and stabilizer. It is a salt of stearic acid and aluminum, and it helps to improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Aluminum Stearate is primarily used in cosmetics to stabilize emulsions, such as lotions and creams, by preventing the separation of oil and water phases. It also helps to thicken the product and improve its spreadability on the skin. Additionally, Aluminum Stearate can be found in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to enhance their texture and provide a smooth application.

3. Usage Aluminum Stearate:

When using cosmetics containing Aluminum Stearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. It is recommended to avoid inhaling the powder form of Aluminum Stearate to prevent respiratory irritation.

4. References:

- "Aluminum Stearate" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/aluminum-stearate

- "Safety Assessment of Aluminum Salts as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1242073/

- "Aluminum Stearate" by Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/aluminum-stearate

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Triethoxycaprylylsilane

Function: Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition Triethoxycaprylylsilane:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a surface treatment agent. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to improve the spreadability and texture of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is primarily used as a coupling agent in cosmetics, helping to bind together different ingredients that would not normally mix well. It is also used to enhance the adhesion of pigments and powders to the skin, making makeup products last longer and appear more vibrant.

3. Usage Triethoxycaprylylsilane:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products such as foundations, primers, lipsticks, and sunscreens. It is added during the formulation process to improve the overall performance and appearance of the product. When using cosmetics containing Triethoxycaprylylsilane, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Triethoxycaprylylsilane as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2018)

- "Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, Volume 3" by George Wypych (2016)

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach (2001)

Methicone

Other name: Methyl hydrogen polysiloxane; Methylhydrogenpolysiloxane

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Surface Modifier

1. Definition Methicone:

Methicone is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Methicone is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, foundations, and sunscreens. It helps to create a smooth, silky feel on the skin and can also provide a barrier to lock in moisture, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to hydrate and protect the skin.

3. Usage Methicone:

Methicone is typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic formulations, usually around 1-5%. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for use. Some precautions to consider when using products containing Methicone include potential skin irritation or allergic reactions, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Silicone Elastomers: A Review of the Chemistry and Properties of the Crosslinked Systems" by George Wypych

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach

- "Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products" by Zoe Diana Draelos

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

Glyceryl Caprylate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Glyceryl Caprylate:

Glyceryl Caprylate is a multifunctional ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and preservative. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and glycerin.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Caprylate is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and moisturize the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations. Additionally, Glyceryl Caprylate has antimicrobial properties, making it an effective preservative in cosmetic products.

3. Usage Glyceryl Caprylate:

Glyceryl Caprylate is commonly found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is used in concentrations typically ranging from 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing Glyceryl Caprylate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-caprylate.

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-caprylate/.

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-caprylate.

Stearic Acid

Other name: Octadecanoic Acid; C18; Hexyldecyl Stearate

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting

1. Definition Stearic Acid:

Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid that is commonly found in animal and vegetable fats. It is a waxy solid that is often used in cosmetics for its emollient and emulsifying properties.

2. Use:

Stearic acid is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to bind together water and oil-based ingredients in products like lotions and creams. Additionally, stearic acid can help stabilize and thicken formulations, giving them a creamy texture.

3. Usage Stearic Acid:

When using cosmetics containing stearic acid, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with stearic acid, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Pumori Saokar Telang, Ashish Gupta, and Nidhi Choudhary. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid based emulsion for topical drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.

- M. C. Gohel, S. P. Amin, and M. J. B. Shah. (2008). Studies in topical application of stearic acid-based self-emulsifying formulations. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy.

- A. J. Ogunjimi, J. A. Akin-Ajani, and O. A. Odeku. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid-based controlled release matrix tablets of metronidazole. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.

Polyglyceryl 6 Polyricinoleate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 6 Polyricinoleate:

Polyglyceryl 6 Polyricinoleate is a synthetic compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is derived from polyglycerol and ricinoleic acid, which are both natural substances.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 6 Polyricinoleate is used in cosmetics to help stabilize emulsions, improve the texture of products, and enhance the spreadability of formulations. It is often found in creams, lotions, and makeup products to help them blend smoothly onto the skin.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 6 Polyricinoleate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 6 Polyricinoleate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.

Precautions: While Polyglyceryl 6 Polyricinoleate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and experience skin irritation. If any redness, itching, or irritation occurs, discontinue use of the product and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-6 Polyricinoleate" - Cosmeticsinfo.org

- "Polyglyceryl-6 Polyricinoleate in Cosmetics" - Personal Care Magazine

- "Safety Assessment of Polyglyceryl Esters as Used in Cosmetics" - International Journal of Toxicology

Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer

Function: Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:

Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and texture enhancer. It is a crosslinked polymer of dimethicone and vinyl dimethicone, which helps to improve the spreadability and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is often used in skincare and makeup products such as primers, foundations, lotions, and creams. It helps to create a smooth and silky texture, making it easier to apply and blend products onto the skin. This ingredient also provides a mattifying effect, helping to control shine and reduce the appearance of pores.

3. Usage Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dimethiconevinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer

- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dimethiconevinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer

- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dimethicone-vinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer/

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract

Function: Masking, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic

1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green, black, white, and oolong teas. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, such as UV rays and pollution, and can also help to reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has a soothing effect on the skin and can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. When using products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- Baek, J. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Food and chemical toxicology, 87, 1-11.

- Yoon, J. H., Baek, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechin on atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-301.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Oil

Function:

1. Definition Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Oil:

Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Oil is a natural essential oil derived from the Thymus Vulgaris plant. It is known for its strong, herbaceous aroma and various therapeutic properties.

2. Use:

Thyme oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. It is often included in skincare products to help treat acne, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. Thyme oil is also used in hair care products for its ability to stimulate hair growth, improve scalp health, and combat dandruff.

3. Usage Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Oil:

Thyme oil should be diluted before applying to the skin, as it can be irritating in its pure form. It is recommended to do a patch test before using thyme oil on a larger area of the skin to check for any adverse reactions. Thyme oil can also be added to carrier oils, lotions, or creams for easier application and to reduce the risk of skin irritation.

4. References:

- Raut, J. S., & Karuppayil, S. M. (2014). A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 62, 250-264.

- Carson, C. F., Hammer, K. A., & Riley, T. V. (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19(1), 50-62.

- De Martino, L., D'Arena, N., & De Feo, V. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of teas and essential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21(4), 369-377.

Althaea Officinalis Leaf/Root Extract

Function: Emollient

1. Definition Althaea Officinalis Leaf/Root Extract:

Althaea Officinalis Leaf/Root Extract, also known as marshmallow extract, is derived from the Althaea officinalis plant. This plant is native to Europe and Western Asia and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its soothing and healing properties.

2. Use:

Althaea Officinalis Leaf/Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and soothing properties. It is known to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and hydrate dry skin. Additionally, it can help improve the overall appearance and texture of the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Althaea Officinalis Leaf/Root Extract:

Althaea Officinalis Leaf/Root Extract can be found in various skincare products such as creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5% in formulations. When using products containing this extract, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- Choi, S. Y., Lee, S. H., Park, K. Y., & Chung, J. H. (2011). The effect of Althaea rosea flower extract on ultraviolet-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice. Phytotherapy Research, 25(10), 1534-1544.

- Sharifi, S., & Asadi, F. (2019). Althaea officinalis L.: A review on phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39(2), 253-267.

- Dragland, S., Senoo, H., Wake, K., Holte, K., & Blomhoff, R. (2003). Several culinary and medicinal herbs are important sources of dietary antioxidants. Journal of Nutrition, 133(5), 1286-1290.

Melissa Officinalis Extract

Function:

1. Definition Melissa Officinalis Extract:

Melissa Officinalis Extract, also known as lemon balm extract, is derived from the leaves of the Melissa officinalis plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Melissa Officinalis Extract is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help soothe and calm the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and protect against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Melissa Officinalis Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Melissa Officinalis Extract, it is important to patch test the product first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to avoid using the product if any irritation occurs. Melissa Officinalis Extract is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is always best to consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional before incorporating it into your skincare routine.

4. References:

- Dastmalchi K, Dorman HJD, Oinonen PP, Darwis Y, Laakso I, Hiltunen R. Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidative activity of a lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) extract. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2008;41(3):391-400.

- Sarikurkcu C, Zengin G, Oskay M, Uysal S, Ceylan R, Aktumsek A. Composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition activities of two Melissa species’ essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015;71:41-46.

- Pereira RP, Fachinetto R, de Souza Prestes A, Puntel RL, Santos da Silva GN, Heinzmann BM, et al. Antioxidant effects of different extracts from Melissa officinalis, Matricaria recutita and Cymbopogon citratus. Neurochemical Research. 2009;34(5):973-983.

Borago Officinalis Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Borago Officinalis Extract:

Borago Officinalis Extract, also known as borage extract, is derived from the seeds of the Borago officinalis plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, particularly gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which have moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Borago Officinalis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and hydrating benefits. It is known to help improve the skin's barrier function, making it an ideal ingredient for dry and sensitive skin types. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory properties of GLA can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Borago Officinalis Extract:

Borago Officinalis Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply products containing Borago Officinalis Extract to clean, dry skin, following the manufacturer's instructions.

Precautions: While Borago Officinalis Extract is generally considered safe for topical use, individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Yoon, J. Y., et al. (2008). Anti-inflammatory effects of borage oil in an ovalbumin-induced experimental murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 19(6), 362-369.

- De Spirt, S., et al. (2009). γ-Linolenic acid content and fatty acid profile of borage oil: a comparative study of borage and evening primrose oil. Journal of Food Lipids, 16(2), 158-171.

- Fuchs, S. M., et al. (2006). Effects of borage oil consumption on fatty acid metabolism, transepidermal water loss and skin parameters in elderly people. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 43(3), 383-394.

Centella Asiatica Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Cleansing, Soothing, Smoothing

1. Definition Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the Centella Asiatica plant, also known as Gotu Kola. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties.

2. Use:

Centella Asiatica Extract is used in cosmetics to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, improve circulation, and promote cell regeneration. This can result in smoother, firmer, and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. When using products containing Centella Asiatica Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Lee J, Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Kim J, Park M. (2008). Panax ginseng induces human Type I collagen synthesis through activation of Smad signaling. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 589-95.

- Bylka W, Znajdek-Awizyn A, Studzinska-Sroka E, Brzezinska M. (2013). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 30(1), 46-49.

- Shukla A, Rasik AM, Jain GK, Shankar R, Kulshrestha DK, Dhawan BN. (1999). In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65(1), 1-11.

Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine) Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Soothing, Moisturising, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive

1. Definition Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine) Extract:

Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers of the Jasmine plant. It is known for its sweet and exotic fragrance and has been used in traditional medicine and skincare for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Jasmine extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties as well as its skin-nourishing benefits. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks to help hydrate and rejuvenate the skin. Jasmine extract is also believed to have antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage and signs of aging.

3. Usage Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine) Extract:

When using products containing Jasmine extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. Jasmine extract is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to use caution. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult with a dermatologist if any concerns arise.

4. References:

- Choi SY, Kim JY, Kim YJ, Kim J, Kim TH, Lim S. Anti-stress effects of jasmine absolute and its main components. J Agric Food Chem. 2017;65(15):3389-3396. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00787

- Wu J, Zhou T, Du G, et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oils isolated from the flowers of Jasminum sambac. J Oleo Sci. 2010;59(6):327-334. doi:10.5650/jos.59.327

- Ali B, Al-Wabel NA, Shams S, Ahamad A, Khan SA, Anwar F. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;5(8):601-611. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(15)30340-5

Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract

Function: Tonic

1. Definition Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract:

Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Perilla Ocymoides plant, also known as Korean perilla or wild basil. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe irritated skin. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, this extract can help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract:

Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically incorporated into formulations at a concentration of 1-5%. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is important to patch test products with this extract before full use to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Kim, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. N., Park, J. Y., & Kim, Y. S. (2014). Perilla leaf extract ameliorates obesity and dyslipidemia induced by high-fat diet. Phytotherapy Research, 28(8), 1217-1222.

- Kim, S. H., Lee, E. H., Jang, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2017). Perilla frutescens extract ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 208, 108-115.

- Park, H. J., Lee, C. M., Jung, I. D., Lee, J. S., Jeong, Y. I., Chang, J. H., ... & Park, Y. M. (2008). Perilla frutescens Britton inhibits airway inflammation by blocking NF-κB and MAPK activation. International immunopharmacology, 8(3), 382-391.