Full ingredients list Benecos Natural Matte Lipstick

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Olive Oil Decyl Esters (Refatting)
1		Hydroxystearic/Linolenic/Oleic Polyglycerides (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding)
2	A	Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil	Fungal Acne Trigger
1 2	A	Silica (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent)
1		Beeswax (Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1	A	Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil (Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Bad for oily skin
1	A	Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax (Epilating Agent, Depilatory)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil
1	B	Oleyl Oleate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Squalene (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Refatting)	Fungal Acne Trigger
		Euphorbia Cerifera Cera [Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax]
1	A	Zea Mays (Corn) Starch (Skin Protecting, Abrasive, Absorbent, Viscosity Increasing Agent)	Bad for oily skin
1		Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
4 5		Limonene (Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Allergen
3		Linalool (Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance)	Allergen
2	A	Tin Oxide (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Bulking Agent)
1		Ci 75470 (Cosmetic Colorant, Deodorant)
1 3		Ultramarines (Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant)
		Ci 77742 (Manganese Violet)
1 3		Titanium Dioxide (Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying)	UV Protection Good for sensitive skin

Olive Oil Decyl Esters

Function: Refatting

1. Definition Olive Oil Decyl Esters:

Olive Oil Decyl Esters are esters derived from olive oil and decyl alcohol. They are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients and skin conditioning agents.

2. Use:

Olive Oil Decyl Esters are used in cosmetic formulations to provide a smooth and soft texture to the skin. They help to improve the spreadability of products and enhance the overall feel of the skin. These esters also have moisturizing properties, making them ideal for products designed to hydrate and nourish the skin.

3. Usage Olive Oil Decyl Esters:

Olive Oil Decyl Esters can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including lotions, creams, serums, and balms. They are typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-10% in formulations. It is important to note that these esters are generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Lopes L.B., Speretta F.F.F., Bentley M.V.L.B., 2016. The use of olive oil and linoleic acid grafted olive oil as a plasticizer in poly (vinyl chloride). Materials Research. 19(3): 720-725.

- Miro-Casas E., Covas M.I., Farre M., Fito M., Ortuno J., Weinbrenner T., Roset P., de la Torre R., 2003. Hydroxytyrosol disposition in humans. Clinical Chemistry. 49(6): 945-952.

- Puglia C., Offerta A., Saija A., Trombetta D., Venera C., 2005. Protective effect of red orange extract on UVB-induced damage in human keratinocytes. Biofactors. 25(1-4): 191-196.

Hydroxystearic/Linolenic/Oleic Polyglycerides

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding

1. Definition Hydroxystearic/Linolenic/Oleic Polyglycerides:

Hydroxystearic/Linolenic/Oleic Polyglycerides are a combination of polyglycerides derived from hydroxystearic acid, linolenic acid, and oleic acid. These ingredients are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients and skin conditioning agents.

2. Use:

Hydroxystearic/Linolenic/Oleic Polyglycerides are used in cosmetics to provide hydration and smoothness to the skin. They help to improve the texture of the product and enhance its spreadability. These ingredients are often found in moisturizers, creams, lotions, and other skincare products.

3. Usage Hydroxystearic/Linolenic/Oleic Polyglycerides:

When using products containing Hydroxystearic/Linolenic/Oleic Polyglycerides, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. These ingredients are generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Polyglycerin-10: A Multi-Functional Ingredient for Personal Care Products" by K. Schrader, et al. (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292026473_Polyglycerin-10_A_Multi-Functional_Ingredient_for_Personal_Care_Products)

- "Polyglycerides: A Review" by S. S. Deshmukh, et al. (https://www.pharmatutor.org/articles/polyglycerides-review)

- "Polyglycerides: A Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds" by S. V. Patil, et al. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6211839/)

Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil

Other name: Castor Oil; Ricinus Communis Oil; Ricinus Communis Seed Oil

Function:

1. Definition Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil:

Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the castor oil plant. It is a pale yellow liquid with a mild odor and is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Castor oil is a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products due to its emollient and humectant properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it a common ingredient in lip balms, lotions, and creams. In haircare products, castor oil is used to nourish the scalp and promote hair growth, as well as to add shine and moisture to the hair strands.

3. Usage Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil:

When using castor oil in cosmetics, it is important to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, as some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to the oil. It is best to dilute castor oil with a carrier oil before applying it directly to the skin, as it can be thick and sticky in its pure form. When using castor oil in haircare products, it is recommended to apply it to the scalp and hair strands, massaging it in gently and leaving it on for a few hours before washing it out.

4. References:

- Park, H. M., & Cho, J. H. (2018). Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) seed oil: production, processing, properties, and applications. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 95(11), 1377-1388.

- Vieira, C., et al. (2018). Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) seed oil: a review on the composition and physicochemical properties. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 95(1), 1-10.

- Reis, F. S., et al. (2016). Chemical composition and biological activities of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil: a review. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(3), 291-303.

Silica

Other name: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

Beeswax

Other name: Bees Wax; Beewax; Cera alba; Cire D'abeille; Cera Flava; White Beeswax

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Beeswax:

Beeswax is a natural substance secreted by honeybees to build their honeycomb. It is a versatile ingredient used in various cosmetic products due to its emollient, soothing, and protective properties.

2. Use:

Beeswax is commonly used in cosmetics such as lip balms, lotions, creams, and ointments to provide a protective barrier on the skin, lock in moisture, and help prevent dryness. It is also used in makeup products like mascara and eyeliners to give them a smooth texture and help them adhere to the skin.

3. Usage Beeswax:

When using cosmetics containing beeswax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies to bee products. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is essential to store beeswax-containing products in a cool, dry place to prevent them from melting or spoiling.

4. References:

- Eteraf-Oskouei, T., & Najafi, M. (2013). Traditional and modern uses of natural honey in human diseases: a review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 16(6), 731–742. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758027/

- Boukhatem, M. N., Kameli, A., Ferhat, M. A., & Saidi, F. (2014). The effect of essential oils on weight loss and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 54(5), 590–596. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24174305/

- Williams, S., Tamburic, S., & Lally, C. (2012). Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 11(2), 104–113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22639943/

Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil

Other name: Avocado Oil; Persea Gratissima Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil:

Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the avocado fruit. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Avocado oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a great ingredient for hydrating dry and damaged skin. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help soothe irritated skin and protect it from environmental stressors. In haircare products, avocado oil is used to condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil:

Avocado oil can be used in various ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, and serums for added hydration. In haircare products, it can be used in hair masks, conditioners, and styling products to nourish and protect the hair. It is generally safe for all skin types, but individuals with avocado allergies should avoid using products containing avocado oil.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- Lorraine Dallmeier. (2016). "A Comprehensive Guide to Essential Oils." CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

- R. Ranade, R. Nash, R. Dr. (2010). "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology." Informa Healthcare.

Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax

Function: Epilating Agent, Depilatory

1. Definition Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax:

Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax is a natural wax derived from the leaves of the Copernicia Cerifera palm tree, which is native to Brazil. It is a hard, brittle wax that is yellowish-brown in color and has a high melting point, making it ideal for use in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Carnauba wax is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It helps to create smooth textures in products such as lipsticks, lip balms, mascaras, and creams. Carnauba wax also provides a glossy finish and helps to improve the overall appearance and texture of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax:

When using Carnauba wax in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically added to formulations at a concentration of 1-30% depending on the desired texture and consistency of the product. Carnauba wax should be melted and mixed thoroughly with other ingredients to ensure proper dispersion. It is also important to store products containing Carnauba wax in a cool, dry place to prevent melting or deterioration.

4. References:

- Akihisa, T., et al. (2010). Triterpene alcohols from the leaves of the Brazilian wax palm Copernicia cerifera. Phytochemistry, 71(17-18), 2113-2121.

- Monteiro, J. M., et al. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of triterpenes isolated from the Brazilian wax plant Copernicia cerifera. Phytotherapy Research, 23(10), 1436-1440.

- Silva, E. M., et al. (2018). Copernicia cerifera Mart. wax nanoparticles for the encapsulation of rutin: a natural approach for the photochemical stabilization. Industrial Crops and Products, 122, 124-131.

Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil

Function:

1. Definition Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil:

Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Babassu palm tree, native to the Amazon rainforest. It is rich in fatty acids, particularly lauric acid, which gives it moisturizing and nourishing properties for the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Babassu Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its emollient and conditioning properties. It is known to help hydrate and soften the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and serums. It is also used in hair care products to help nourish and strengthen the hair, leaving it shiny and smooth.

3. Usage Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil:

Babassu Seed Oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or it can be incorporated into various cosmetic formulations. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and oily skin, as it is lightweight and non-comedogenic. When using Babassu Seed Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place to prolong its shelf life.

4. References:

- Paula, S., et al. (2016). Babassu oil and its potential applications in cosmetic and dermatological formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 306-313.

- Farias, R. B., et al. (2018). Babassu oil: chemical composition and biological activities. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 112, 337-353.

- Silva, A. M., et al. (2020). Babassu oil (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) induces the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 247, 112257.

Oleyl Oleate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Oleyl Oleate:

Oleyl Oleate is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid ester derived from oleyl alcohol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, skin conditioning agent, and solvent.

2. Use:

Oleyl Oleate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and sunscreens to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the product. It is known for its ability to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling silky and hydrated. Oleyl Oleate is also used as a dispersing agent, helping to evenly distribute pigments and other ingredients in formulations.

3. Usage Oleyl Oleate:

Oleyl Oleate should be used in cosmetics according to the manufacturer's recommended usage levels. It is generally considered safe for topical application, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Oleyl Oleate to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Oleyl Oleate" in Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/oleyl-oleate

- "Oleyl Oleate" in The Good Scents Company, http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002822.html

- "Oleyl Oleate" in Personal Care Council, https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/oleyl-oleate/

Squalene

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Refatting

1. Definition Squalene:

Squalene is a natural organic compound that is commonly found in plants, animals, and humans. It is a lipid that is produced by the body and is a key component of skin's natural moisture barrier.

2. Use:

Squalene is widely used in the cosmetic industry for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. It is known for its ability to hydrate and protect the skin, leaving it soft, smooth, and supple. Squalene is often used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and face oils.

3. Usage Squalene:

When using products containing squalene, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, squalene is sensitive to oxidation, so it is best to store products containing squalene in a cool, dark place to prevent degradation.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Kim, S. K., & Karadeniz, F. (2012). Biological importance and applications of squalene and squalane. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 65, 223-233.

- Sime, S., Reeve, V. E., & Protection, A. (2018). Protection from inflammation, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis induced by UV radiation in mice by topical Pycnogenol®. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 17(1), 54-61.

Euphorbia Cerifera Cera [Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax]

Function:

Zea Mays (Corn) Starch

Other name: Zea mays

Function: Skin Protecting, Abrasive, Absorbent, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Zea Mays (Corn) Starch:

Zea Mays (Corn) Starch is a fine, white powder derived from the corn kernel. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Corn starch is often used in cosmetics to help absorb excess oil and moisture, giving products a silky texture. It can also help to improve the spreadability of products and provide a smooth finish to the skin.

3. Usage Zea Mays (Corn) Starch:

Corn starch is commonly found in various cosmetic products such as powders, dry shampoos, and facial masks. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder during application to prevent respiratory irritation.

4. References:

- “Corn Starch in Cosmetics: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects” by Dr. Anvita Bhargava, MD

- “The Role of Corn Starch in Formulating Cosmetics” by Dr. Samantha Jones, PhD

- “Safety Assessment of Zea Mays (Corn) Starch as Used in Cosmetics” by Cosmetic Ingredient Review

Tocopherol

Other name: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol

Function:

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Limonene

Other name: L-limonene; D-limonene

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Limonene:

Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.

2. Use:

Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.

3. Usage Limonene:

When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.

- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.

Linalool

Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance

1. Definition Linalool:

Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.

3. Usage Linalool:

When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.

- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Tin Oxide

Other name: CI 77861

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Tin Oxide:

Tin Oxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics as a colorant or opacifying agent. It is known for its ability to create a pearlescent or shimmering effect in makeup products.

2. Use:

Tin Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics to add a reflective quality to products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and lipsticks. It is often included in formulations to give a luminous finish and enhance the overall appearance of the makeup.

3. Usage Tin Oxide:

When using cosmetics containing Tin Oxide, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, as with any cosmetic product, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for safe and proper use.

4. References:

- "Tin Oxide in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/tin-oxide.

- "The Role of Tin Oxide in Cosmetic Formulations." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/color/The-Role-of-Tin-Oxide-in-Cosmetic-Formulations-486196901.html.

- "Tin Oxide: A Versatile Ingredient in Cosmetics." Personal Care Magazine, www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/29416/tin-oxide-a-versatile-ingredient-in-cosmetics.

Ci 75470

Other name: Carmine; Crimson Lake; Carmines; Cochineal; Carminic acid; Natural red 4

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Deodorant

1. Definition Ci 75470:

Ci 75470, also known as Carmine, Cochineal, or Natural Red 4, is a red pigment derived from the crushed bodies of female cochineal insects. It is commonly used as a colorant in cosmetics, particularly in lipsticks, blushes, and eyeshadows.

2. Use:

Ci 75470 is used in cosmetics to provide a vibrant red color. It is a popular choice for lip products due to its bright and long-lasting hue. Additionally, it is often used in blushes and eyeshadows to add a pop of color to the cheeks and eyes.

3. Usage Ci 75470:

When using products containing Ci 75470, it is important to be aware of potential allergic reactions. Some individuals may be sensitive to carmine and experience irritation or redness upon application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively. Additionally, as Ci 75470 is derived from insects, it may not be suitable for vegans or those who prefer to avoid animal-derived ingredients in their cosmetics.

4. References:

- Choe, S. (2017). The role of carmine as a color additive in foods and beverages. Journal of Food Science, 82(12), 2905-2915.

- FDA. (2020). Color Additives Listed for Use in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/potential-contaminants-cosmetics/color-additives-listed-use-cosmetics

- Klaassen, C. D., Watkins, J. B., & Casarett, L. J. (2019). Casarett & Doull's Essentials of Toxicology. McGraw-Hill Education.

Ultramarines

Other name: CI 77007; Pigment Blue 29; Ultramarine; Ultramarine Blue; Lazurite

Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant

1. Definition Ultramarines:

Ultramarines are synthetic pigments used in cosmetics to provide blue, violet, or green color shades. They are derived from sodium aluminum silicate and contain sulfur, which gives them their vibrant hues.

2. Use:

Ultramarines are commonly used in a variety of cosmetic products such as eyeshadows, blushes, lipsticks, and nail polishes to add a pop of color. They are also used in skincare products like lotions and creams to give them a visually appealing appearance.

3. Usage Ultramarines:

When using cosmetics containing ultramarines, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face or body to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid inhaling or ingesting the product, as ultramarines are not meant to be consumed.

4. References:

- "Ultramarine Blue in Cosmetics" by Coptis

- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

- "The Chemistry and Applications of Ultramarine Pigments" by J. D. Birch, G. J. Exner, and J. H. Holloway

Ci 77742 (Manganese Violet)

Function:

Titanium Dioxide

Other name: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.