Full ingredients list BioNike Acteen Foam Cleansing Water

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Pentylene Glycol (Solvent, Skin Conditioning)
1 4	B	Peg 80 Glyceryl Cocoate (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Sufactant)
3	B	Propylene Glycol (Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous)	Good for dry skin
3	B	Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)
3	B	Polysorbate 20 (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	B	Sodium Myreth Sulfate (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing, Foaming)	Sulfate
1	B	Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate (Hair Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Surfactant)
1 2		Piroctone Olamine (Cosmetic Biocide, Preservative)
4	B	Chlorhexidine Digluconate (Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide, Preservative)
1 3	B	Salicylic Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Denaturant , Preservative, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Antidandruff Agent, Antiacne Agent, Keratolytic, Corn/Callus/Wart Remover)	Bad for sensitive skin Good for oily skin Acne fighting
		Taraktogenos Kurzii Seed Oil (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Emollient)	Fungal Acne Trigger
		Leptospermum Scoparium Branch/Leaf Oil (Tonic)
1	B	Potassium Lauroyl Wheat Amino Acids (Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Hair Conditioning)
1		Magnolia Grandiflora Bark Extract (Skin Conditioning, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant)
3	B	Peg 60 Almond Glycerides (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1		Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (Antioxidant)
1		Oleanolic Acid (Skin Conditioning)
1		Rosa Centifolia Flower Water (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning)
1 4	B	Lactic Acid (Fragrance, Humectant, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Humectant)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin
1	A	Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride (Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1	B	Capryloyl Glycine (Surfactant, Hair Conditioning, Cleansing)
1		Palm Glycerides (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying)
1	A	Carbomer (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Gel Forming)
1		Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate (Chelating Agent)
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Pentylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

Peg 80 Glyceryl Cocoate

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Sufactant

1. Definition Peg 80 Glyceryl Cocoate:

Peg 80 Glyceryl Cocoate is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut oil and polyethylene glycol. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Peg 80 Glyceryl Cocoate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, body washes, facial cleansers, and makeup removers. It helps to emulsify oil and water-based ingredients, allowing them to blend together smoothly. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and impurities. In addition, Peg 80 Glyceryl Cocoate has conditioning properties that help to leave the skin and hair feeling soft and smooth.

3. Usage Peg 80 Glyceryl Cocoate:

When using products containing Peg 80 Glyceryl Cocoate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any cosmetic ingredient, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Peg 80 Glyceryl Cocoate. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- "PEG-80 Glyceryl Cocoate." CosmeticsInfo.org, cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-80-glyceryl-cocoate.

- "PEG-80 Glyceryl Cocoate." Truth In Aging, truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-80-glyceryl-cocoate.

- "PEG-80 Glyceryl Cocoate." The Derm Review, thedermreview.com/peg-80-glyceryl-cocoate/.

Propylene Glycol

Other name: Monopropylene Glycol; Propyl Glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; 1,2-Propylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous

1. Definition Propylene Glycol:

Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol:

When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council

Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides:

Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides is a mild surfactant derived from a combination of Caprylic and Capric acids and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and cleansing agent.

2. Use:

Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to emulsify oils and water-based ingredients, allowing them to mix together smoothly. It also acts as a gentle cleansing agent, helping to remove dirt and impurities from the skin and hair.

3. Usage Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides:

When using products containing Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides for the first time.

4. References:

- "PEG-6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-6-capryliccapric-glycerides.

- "PEG-6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-6-capryliccapric-glycerides.

- "PEG-6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/peg-6-caprylic-capric-glycerides/.

Polysorbate 20

Other name: POE (20) Sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20; Atmer 110; PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate; Alkest TW 20

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Polysorbate 20:

Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.

3. Usage Polysorbate 20:

When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20

Sodium Myreth Sulfate

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing, Foaming

1. Definition Sodium Myreth Sulfate:

Sodium Myreth Sulfate is a surfactant derived from myristyl alcohol and ethylene oxide. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Sodium Myreth Sulfate is used in various cosmetic products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers due to its ability to create a rich lather and effectively remove dirt and oils from the skin and hair. It helps to emulsify oils and water, allowing them to mix together and be easily rinsed away.

3. Usage Sodium Myreth Sulfate:

When using products containing Sodium Myreth Sulfate, it is important to follow the instructions on the product label. It is generally safe for use on the skin and hair, but individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or dryness. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Sodium Myreth Sulfate to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes, as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- "Sodium Myreth Sulfate," Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-myreth-sulfate

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Myreth Sulfate and Ammonium Myreth Sulfate as Used in Cosmetics," Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-myreth-sulfate

- "Sodium Myreth Sulfate," Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-myreth-sulfate

Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate

Other name: Sodium N-lauroyl-L-glutamate

Function: Hair Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Surfactant

1. Definition Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate:

Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate is a mild surfactant derived from natural sources such as coconut oil and fermented sugar. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate is used in various skincare and haircare products such as facial cleansers, body washes, shampoos, and conditioners. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair while also providing a gentle cleansing experience.

3. Usage Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate:

When using products containing Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- S. B. Park, H. J. Lee, J. H. Ahn, and W. S. Kim, "Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate Inhibits Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice," International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 20, no. 12, 2019.

- M. A. Vila, N. P. M. Almeida, M. G. de Oliveira, and A. C. Tedesco, "Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity and Phototoxicity of Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate," Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 194, 2019.

- Y. Y. Lee, M. W. Kim, J. W. Kim, and H. S. Kim, "Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate for Topical Delivery," International Journal of Nanomedicine, vol. 13, 2018.

Piroctone Olamine

Other name: Octopirox; Piroctone Ethanolamine

Function: Cosmetic Biocide, Preservative

1. Definition Piroctone Olamine:

Piroctone Olamine is an anti-fungal and anti-bacterial agent commonly used in cosmetics to treat dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and other skin conditions caused by fungi or bacteria. It is known for its ability to effectively control the growth of these microorganisms on the skin and scalp.

2. Use:

Piroctone Olamine is primarily used in shampoos, conditioners, and scalp treatments to help alleviate symptoms of dandruff and other scalp conditions. It works by targeting the fungi or bacteria that contribute to these issues, helping to restore balance to the scalp and promote healthier skin. In addition to its anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties, Piroctone Olamine also has anti-inflammatory effects, making it a versatile ingredient for addressing a range of scalp concerns.

3. Usage Piroctone Olamine:

When using products containing Piroctone Olamine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Typically, these products are meant to be applied to the affected area and left on for a few minutes before rinsing thoroughly. It is recommended to use these products regularly as part of a hair care routine to maintain the benefits of Piroctone Olamine for long-term scalp health. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing Piroctone Olamine to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- R. Serri, C. Iorizzo, and A. Coscione. (2002). Treatment and prophylaxis of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp with antipityrosporal 1% ciclopirox shampoo. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12140496/

- A. Faergemann. (2006). Pityrosporum folliculitis: a common disease of the young and middle-aged. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16445425/

- M. J. Abad-Casintahan, A. T. Castillo, and M. A. Castillo. (2013). Efficacy and safety of a 1% piroctone olamine shampoo for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23588179/

Chlorhexidine Digluconate

Function: Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide, Preservative

1. Definition Chlorhexidine Digluconate:

Chlorhexidine Digluconate is a chemical compound commonly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in various skincare and cosmetic products. It is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, making it effective against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

2. Use:

Chlorhexidine Digluconate is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to cleanse and sanitize the skin. It is commonly found in products such as facial cleansers, hand sanitizers, mouthwashes, and wound care solutions. Due to its antiseptic properties, it helps to prevent infections and promote healing in skincare products.

3. Usage Chlorhexidine Digluconate:

When using products containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is typically applied topically to the skin or mucous membranes, and should not be ingested. It is important to avoid contact with eyes, as it can cause irritation and damage. Additionally, prolonged or frequent use of products containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate may lead to skin sensitivity or allergic reactions in some individuals.

4. References:

- Kosek, J., & Mazurek, M. (2010). Chlorhexidine Digluconate: Properties, Applications and Regulatory Issues. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 37(12), 1247-1256.

- Gilbert, P., & Moore, L. E. (2005). Cationic Antiseptics: Diversity of Action under a Common Epithet. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 99(4), 703-715.

- Khakimova, M., Ahlgren, H. G., Harrison, J. J., English, A. M., Nguyen, D., & Parsek, M. R. (2013). The Non-identity of a Cationic Antiseptic and the Chlorhexidine Digluconate-Specific Response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiology, 159(12), 2484-2497.

Salicylic Acid

Other name: Salicylates; 2-hydroxybenzoic; Salicylic Acid; Beta Hydroxy Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Denaturant , Preservative, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Antidandruff Agent, Antiacne Agent, Keratolytic, Corn/Callus/Wart Remover

1. Definition Salicylic Acid:

Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that is commonly used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties. It works by penetrating the pores and breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, helping to unclog pores and prevent acne breakouts.

2. Use:

Salicylic Acid is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, spot treatments, and masks. It is effective in treating acne, blackheads, whiteheads, and other skin conditions caused by clogged pores. Salicylic Acid can also help to reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards oily and acne-prone skin types.

3. Usage Salicylic Acid:

When using products containing Salicylic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid potential irritation or drying out of the skin. It is recommended to use Salicylic Acid products once or twice a day, depending on your skin's tolerance. It is also important to follow up with a moisturizer and use sunscreen during the day, as Salicylic Acid can increase sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S9042

- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765

- Chien, A. L., Qi, J., Rainer, B., & Sachs, D. L. (2018). Topical salicylic acid for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 17(6), 725–730. https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961618P0725X/1

See more: Salicylic Acid

Taraktogenos Kurzii Seed Oil

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Taraktogenos Kurzii Seed Oil:

Taraktogenos Kurzii Seed Oil, also known as Chaulmoogra Oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Taraktogenos Kurzii tree. It has been used traditionally in Ayurvedic medicine for its medicinal properties and is now gaining popularity in the cosmetic industry for its skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Taraktogenos Kurzii Seed Oil is known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiseptic properties, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare products. It is commonly used in formulations for treating acne, eczema, psoriasis, and other skin conditions. The oil is also rich in fatty acids, which help to moisturize and nourish the skin, leaving it soft and supple.

3. Usage Taraktogenos Kurzii Seed Oil:

Taraktogenos Kurzii Seed Oil can be used topically on the skin either alone or in combination with other skincare ingredients. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the oil to check for any allergic reactions. The oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other carrier oils or creams for better absorption. It is best used as a spot treatment for skin conditions or as a moisturizer for dry and sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Sharma, S., et al. (2013). Chaulmoogra oil: A review of the medicinal uses, pharmacology and therapeutic effects. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 4(4), 1417-1422.

- Rathi, S., et al. (2016). Therapeutic potential of chaulmoogra oil in leprosy: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6(2), 147-153.

- Kaur, G., et al. (2019). Chaulmoogra oil: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 235, 392-404.

Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Emollient

1. Definition Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil:

Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Nigella Sativa plant, also known as black cumin or black seed. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and is known for its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties.

2. Use:

Black Cumin Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to nourish and moisturize the skin. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that help improve skin texture, reduce inflammation, and promote healthy skin cell regeneration. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and facial oils.

3. Usage Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil:

When using Black Cumin Seed Oil in cosmetics, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it directly to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to dilute the oil with a carrier oil before applying it topically, as it is highly concentrated. Avoid using it near the eyes and mucous membranes, and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Cheikh-Rouhou, S., Besbes, S., Hentati, B., Blecker, C., & Deroanne, C. (2007). Nigella Sativa L.: Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of lipid fraction. Food Chemistry, 101(2), 673-681.

- Ahmad, A., Husain, A., Mujeeb, M., Khan, S. A., Najmi, A. K., Siddique, N. A., ... & Anwar, F. (2013). A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella Sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(5), 337-352.

- Tavakkoli, A., Mahdian, V., Razavi, B. M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2017). Review on clinical trials of black seed (Nigella Sativa) and its active constituent, thymoquinone. Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 20(3), 179-193.

Leptospermum Scoparium Branch/Leaf Oil

Function: Tonic

1. Definition Leptospermum Scoparium Branch/Leaf Oil:

Leptospermum Scoparium Branch/Leaf Oil, also known as Manuka Oil, is an essential oil derived from the branches and leaves of the Manuka tree, native to New Zealand. It is known for its strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Leptospermum Scoparium Branch/Leaf Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to combat acne, soothe irritated skin, and promote overall skin health. It is often found in products targeted towards oily and acne-prone skin, as well as in anti-aging formulations due to its antioxidant properties.

3. Usage Leptospermum Scoparium Branch/Leaf Oil:

When using products containing Leptospermum Scoparium Branch/Leaf Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to dilute the essential oil with a carrier oil before applying it to the skin, as it can be quite potent. Avoid using it near the eyes and mucous membranes, and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Carson, C. F., Hammer, K. A., & Riley, T. V. (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19(1), 50-62.

- Hammer, K. A., Carson, C. F., & Riley, T. V. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86(6), 985-990.

- Southwell, I. A., & Lowe, R. F. (2013). Tea tree: the genus Melaleuca. CRC Press.

Potassium Lauroyl Wheat Amino Acids

Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Potassium Lauroyl Wheat Amino Acids:

Potassium Lauroyl Wheat Amino Acids are a combination of potassium salt of lauroyl wheat amino acids, which are derived from wheat protein hydrolysate. They are commonly used in cosmetics as surfactants and cleansing agents.

2. Use:

Potassium Lauroyl Wheat Amino Acids are used in cosmetics for their gentle cleansing properties. They help to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils. They also have emulsifying properties, which help to mix oil and water-based ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Potassium Lauroyl Wheat Amino Acids:

Potassium Lauroyl Wheat Amino Acids are typically found in cleansers, shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers. They are mild and non-irritating, making them suitable for sensitive skin types. When using products containing Potassium Lauroyl Wheat Amino Acids, it is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and avoid contact with eyes. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- J. A. Bouwstra, H. E. Bodde, J. B. Ponec. The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. Volume 1758, Issues 12–13, 2006, Pages 2080-2095.

- S. M. Al-Ghazal, A. Al-Khafaji, S. Al-Saadi, N. Al-Saadi. Formulation and evaluation of shampoo containing natural oils. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. Volume 40, Issue 6, 2018, Pages 601-606.

- K. L. Schmid. Surfactants: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry. Springer, 2000.

Magnolia Grandiflora Bark Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant

1. Definition Magnolia Grandiflora Bark Extract:

Magnolia Grandiflora Bark Extract is derived from the bark of the Magnolia Grandiflora tree, a species native to the southeastern United States. This extract is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Magnolia Grandiflora Bark Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to soothe and calm the skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and protect against environmental stressors. It is often found in products targeting sensitive or irritated skin, as well as anti-aging formulations due to its antioxidant properties.

3. Usage Magnolia Grandiflora Bark Extract:

When using skincare products containing Magnolia Grandiflora Bark Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. This extract is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with allergies to plants in the Magnoliaceae family should exercise caution. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your routine.

4. References:

- Choi, E. H., et al. (2007). Inhibitory effects of Magnoliae Cortex on melanin synthesis. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 30(10), 1979-1982.

- Kim, K. Y., et al. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of Magnoliae Cortex on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 40(2), 349-365.

- Lee, J. H., et al. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of Magnoliae Cortex extract against oral pathogenic bacteria. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 7(3), 327-332.

Peg 60 Almond Glycerides

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Peg 60 Almond Glycerides:

Peg 60 Almond Glycerides is a polyethylene glycol derivative of almond oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.

2. Use:

Peg 60 Almond Glycerides is primarily used in skincare and hair care products as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin and hair by removing dirt and impurities.

3. Usage Peg 60 Almond Glycerides:

Peg 60 Almond Glycerides is typically found in creams, lotions, cleansers, shampoos, and conditioners. It is used in small concentrations, usually around 1-5% in formulations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Peg 60 Almond Glycerides to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "PEG-60 Almond Glycerides." SpecialChem, www.specialchem.com/inci/peg-60-almond-glycerides. Accessed 20 Oct. 2021.

- Barel, Andre O., et al. Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. CRC Press, 2014.

- Loden, Marie, and Howard I. Maibach. Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press, 2000.

Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid

Function: Antioxidant

1. Definition Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid:

Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA) is a natural phenolic compound derived from the creosote bush. It is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

NDGA is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and oxidative damage. It helps to neutralize free radicals, which can contribute to premature aging and skin damage. NDGA is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it effective in soothing irritated skin and reducing redness.

3. Usage Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid:

NDGA is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. When using products containing NDGA, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- González-Castejón, M., & Rodriguez-Casado, A. (2011). Dietary phytochemicals and their potential effects on obesity: a review. Pharmacological research, 64(5), 438-455.

- Nam, S., Smith, D. M., & Dou, Q. P. (2001). Tannic acid potently inhibits tumor cell proteasome activity, increases p27 and Bax expression, and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention, 10(10), 1083-1088.

- Lee, J. W., Lee, S. Y., & Seo, J. S. (2019). Nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Molecular medicine reports, 19(4), 3041-3050.

Oleanolic Acid

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Oleanolic Acid:

Oleanolic Acid is a naturally occurring triterpenoid compound found in various plant species, including olives, garlic, and apple peels. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Oleanolic Acid is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to reduce inflammation, protect against free radicals, and promote collagen production, leading to improved skin texture and tone.

3. Usage Oleanolic Acid:

Oleanolic Acid is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied topically to the skin to target specific concerns like acne, wrinkles, and sun damage. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Oleanolic Acid into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Sultana, S., Asif, H. M., Nazar, H. M., & Akhtar, N. (2019). Oleanolic acid: a novel cardioprotective agent. Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 22(4), 204-209.

- Wang, X., & Zhang, L. (2019). Oleanolic acid inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Journal of BUON, 24(4), 1536-1541.

- Park, S., Lee, D. K., Yang, C. H., & Lee, H. Y. (2019). Oleanolic acid inhibits inflammatory mediators by suppressing redox-based NF-κB and MAPKs activation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human dental pulp cells. European Journal of Pharmacology, 859, 172528.

Rosa Centifolia Flower Water

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Rosa Centifolia Flower Water:

Rosa Centifolia Flower Water, also known as rose water, is a byproduct of the steam distillation of rose petals. It is a natural ingredient that is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Rosa Centifolia Flower Water is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help to balance the skin's pH levels, reduce redness and irritation, and improve overall skin tone and texture. Additionally, it has a delicate floral scent that can provide a calming and refreshing effect.

3. Usage Rosa Centifolia Flower Water:

Rosa Centifolia Flower Water can be used in a variety of ways in skincare products. It can be used as a toner to help tighten pores and refresh the skin, as a facial mist to hydrate and revitalize the skin throughout the day, or as an ingredient in creams, serums, and masks to provide additional hydration and nourishment. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin.

Precautions: While Rosa Centifolia Flower Water is generally safe for use, it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to the face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to store rose water in a cool, dark place to prevent it from spoiling.

4. References:

- Choi, J. E., & Kim, H. J. (2017). Effects of Rosa centifolia Petal Extract on Pro-Inflammatory Enzymes and Cytokines in Human Monocytes. Journal of Food Science, 82(2), 459-466.

- Balasubramaniam, V., & Ranganathan, S. (2019). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Cream Containing Rosa centifolia Flower Extract. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(3), 1337-1342.

- Sahu, A., & Kumar, S. (2018). Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Rosa centifolia L. Flower Extracts. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(4), 2193-2197.

Lactic Acid

Other name: 2-hydroxypropanoic Acid; Milk Acid

Function: Fragrance, Humectant, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Humectant

1. Definition Lactic Acid:

Lactic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is naturally found in milk and various fruits. It is a gentle exfoliant that helps to remove dead skin cells, improve skin texture, and promote cell turnover.

2. Use:

Lactic acid is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and masks. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and brighten the complexion. Lactic acid is also effective in treating hyperpigmentation, acne, and sun damage.

3. Usage Lactic Acid:

When using products containing lactic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase the frequency of use to prevent irritation. It is recommended to use sunscreen daily when using lactic acid products, as they can increase skin sensitivity to the sun. Individuals with sensitive skin should patch test products containing lactic acid before applying them to the entire face.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455.

Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride

Function: Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride:

Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is a conditioning agent derived from Guar gum, a natural plant-based polymer. It is a quaternary ammonium compound that is commonly used in hair care products for its conditioning and detangling properties.

2. Use:

Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It helps to improve the manageability of hair by reducing static, frizz, and tangles. Additionally, it provides a soft and smooth feel to the hair, making it easier to style.

3. Usage Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride:

When using products containing Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Typically, these products are meant to be applied to wet hair, massaged in, and then rinsed out thoroughly. It is recommended to avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes, and if any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Sharma, R., & Anand, A. (2019). Guar gum: A versatile hydrocolloid. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(8), 3243-3257.

- Ravi, M., & Thilagavathi, T. (2015). Guar gum and its derivatives: A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(2), 833-847.

- Nand, A. V., & Sharma, C. P. (2014). Guar gum: A versatile polymer for pharmaceutical applications. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 49(1), 279-291.

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Capryloyl Glycine

Function: Surfactant, Hair Conditioning, Cleansing

1. Definition Capryloyl Glycine:

Capryloyl Glycine is a derivative of glycine, an amino acid, and caprylic acid, a type of fatty acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and surfactant.

2. Use:

Capryloyl Glycine is used in cosmetics for its ability to help regulate sebum production, making it beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin. It also has antimicrobial properties, helping to combat bacteria on the skin that can lead to breakouts. Additionally, it can help to improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Capryloyl Glycine:

Capryloyl Glycine is typically found in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers. It is safe for use in concentrations of up to 5% in cosmetic formulations. However, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using products containing Capryloyl Glycine to ensure that it does not cause any irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Capryloyl Glycine" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryloyl-glycine

- "Capryloyl Glycine in Skin Care: Benefits and Uses" by Skin Perfection, https://www.skin-perfection.com/blog/capryloyl-glycine-skin-care-benefits-uses/

- "Capryloyl Glycine" by Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryloyl-glycine

Palm Glycerides

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying

1. Definition Palm Glycerides:

Palm Glycerides are a group of compounds derived from palm oil, which is a type of vegetable oil extracted from the fruit of oil palm trees. These glycerides are composed of glycerol and fatty acids, which are essential components in the structure of cell membranes and play a crucial role in maintaining the skin's barrier function.

2. Use:

Palm Glycerides are commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products due to their emollient and moisturizing properties. They help to hydrate and soften the skin, making it smoother and more supple. Additionally, they can also act as surfactants, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and impurities.

3. Usage Palm Glycerides:

Palm Glycerides are typically found in various skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and cleansers. They are generally safe to use on the skin, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to palm oil should exercise caution when using products containing Palm Glycerides. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Rukmini, C., & Ramanathan, N. (2016). Nutritional and health benefits of palm oil. Current Science, 110(3), 369-378.

- Mukherjee, S., & Date, A. (2013). Patents on palm oil-derived glycerides for cosmetic applications. Recent Patents on Biotechnology, 7(3), 208-215.

- De Lourdes Reis Giada, M. (2010). Food uses of palm oil and its components. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 1(2), 10-20.

Carbomer

Other name: Carboxypolymethylene; Carbopol; Cabomer

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Gel Forming

1. Definition Carbomer:

Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and stabilizer. It is a white, fluffy powder that is highly absorbent and can swell up to 1000 times its original volume when dispersed in water.

2. Use:

Carbomer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the stability of emulsions, and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Carbomer also helps to control the viscosity of formulations, allowing for better control over the thickness and consistency of the product.

3. Usage Carbomer:

When using products containing Carbomer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. Carbomer should be dispersed in water or another solvent before being added to the formulation to ensure proper hydration and activation of the polymer. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system.

4. References:

- Sharma, A., & Jain, A. (2012). Carbomers: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(3), 805-814.

- Liao, Y., & Wang, J. (2017). Carbomer: A versatile polymer in pharmaceutical applications. Polymer Chemistry, 8(3), 355-366.

- Patel, D. (2015). Carbomer in pharmaceuticals: A review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(2), 121-133.

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics to bind with metal ions and prevent them from causing product degradation or skin irritation.

2. Use:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is primarily used in cosmetics as a stabilizer and preservative. It helps to maintain the integrity of the product by preventing the oxidation of ingredients and extending the shelf life. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other active ingredients in the formula by improving their stability.

3. Usage Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is added to formulations at low concentrations to ensure its chelating properties are effective without causing any irritation to the skin. Users should follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective use of products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate" by the European Chemicals Agency

- "Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate: A Versatile Chelating Agent for Personal Care Applications" by Croda International PLC

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.