Full ingredients list BLITHE Tundra Chaga Pressed Serum

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
		Inonotus Obliquus (Mushroom) Extract
1		Water (Solvent)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1		Diglycerin (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Humectant)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1	A	1,2-Hexanediol (Solvent)
1	A	Triethylhexanoin (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Refatting)
1	A	Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent)	Bad for oily skin
1	A	Cetearyl Alcohol (Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous)
1	A	Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		C12 16 Alcohols (Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1		Caramel (Masking, Fragrance, Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant)
1	A	Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil (Emollient, Deodorant, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming)
1 2		Polyacrylate 13 (Film Forming)
1	A	Pentylene Glycol (Solvent, Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Palmitic Acid (Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Sufactant)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1 2	A	Hydrogenated Lecithin (Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Suspending Agent- Nonsurfactant)
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Polyisobutene (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming)
1		Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer (Humectant, Viscosity Controlling)
2 5	B	Potassium Hydroxide (pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)
1	A	Triethyl Citrate (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antioxidant, Plasticizer, Deodorant)
1		Adenosine (Skin Conditioning)	Anti Aging
3	B	Polysorbate 20 (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Sorbitan Isostearate (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Disodium Edta (Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
1		Methyldihydrojasmonate (Masking)
1		Juniperus Mexicana Oil (Masking, Fragrance)
1 2		Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil (Masking, Fragrance)
1		Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil (Masking)
1		Sparassis Crispa Extract (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Emulsion Stabilising, Hair Conditioning)
1		Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment (Skin Protecting, Antimicrobial Agent, Cosmetic Biocide, Antiacne Agent, Antiseborrhoeic, Surfactant - Cleansing Agent, Deodorant)
1	A	Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Alteromonas Ferment Extract (Skin Conditioning)

Inonotus Obliquus (Mushroom) Extract

Function:

1. Definition Inonotus Obliquus (Mushroom) Extract:

Inonotus Obliquus extract, also known as Chaga Mushroom extract, is derived from a parasitic fungus that grows on birch trees in colder climates. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.

2. Use:

Inonotus Obliquus extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-protective properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production. The extract is also known for its moisturizing and brightening effects, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Inonotus Obliquus (Mushroom) Extract:

Inonotus Obliquus extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and toners. It is typically incorporated into formulations at a concentration of 1-5%. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Inonotus Obliquus extract consistently for best results.

4. References:

- Park, Y. J., et al. (2014). Inonotus obliquus extract protects against UVB-induced skin photoaging. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 153(3), 810-817.

- Lee, D. H., et al. (2014). Anti-inflammatory and anti-skin aging effects of Inonotus obliquus extract. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 40(2), 131-138.

- Kim, S. H., et al. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effects of Inonotus obliquus extract in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(3), 217-223.

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Diglycerin

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Humectant

1. Definition Diglycerin:

Diglycerin is a type of glycerin that is derived from vegetable oils and is commonly used in cosmetic products as a humectant and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and viscous liquid that helps to hydrate and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Diglycerin is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it appear smoother and more hydrated. Diglycerin is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions.

3. Usage Diglycerin:

Diglycerin can be found in various concentrations in cosmetic formulations, depending on the desired level of hydration and emollient properties. It is typically safe for use on all skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing diglycerin to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

Precautions: While diglycerin is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation. It is always recommended to read the ingredient list of products carefully and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using diglycerin-containing products.

4. References:

- Sharma, A., Bhatia, A., & Singh, S. (2019). A comprehensive review on natural glycerin and its applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(5), 2117-2125.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2016). Cosmeceuticals: Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Kadam, V. J., & Jadhav, S. M. (2018). Handbook of industrial chemistry: Organic chemicals. Springer.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

1,2-Hexanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

Triethylhexanoin

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Refatting

1. Definition Triethylhexanoin:

Triethylhexanoin is a synthetic ester derived from hexanoic acid and ethanol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, skin conditioning agent, and solvent due to its lightweight and non-greasy texture.

2. Use:

Triethylhexanoin is primarily used in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product and enhances the overall sensory experience during application.

3. Usage Triethylhexanoin:

When using cosmetics containing Triethylhexanoin, it is important to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Triethylhexanoin into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Triethylhexanoin as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2018).

- "Triethylhexanoin" in the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients (CosIng). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=30149

- "Triethylhexanoin" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. (2016).

Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil:

Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil is a type of plant-derived oil that has been chemically processed to increase its stability and shelf life. This process involves the addition of hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fats, converting them into saturated fats.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent. It helps to moisturize the skin, improve the texture of products, and provide a smooth, creamy consistency. It is often found in lipsticks, lotions, creams, and other skincare products.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with this oil. It is recommended to patch test products before applying them to larger areas of the skin to determine if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil in Cosmetics: What You Need to Know." Dermatology Times. [Insert link to article]

- "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. [Insert link to report]

- "The Role of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil in Skincare Products." Journal of Cosmetic Science. [Insert link to journal article]

Cetearyl Alcohol

Other name: Cetyl Stearyl Alcohol; Cetostearyl Alcohol; C16-18 Alcohols

Function: Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous

1. Definition Cetearyl Alcohol:

Cetearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Alcohol is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, as well as improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to stabilize and maintain the structure of the formulation.

3. Usage Cetearyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Cetearyl Alcohol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions for use provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective application.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Alcohol" by Paula Begoun, Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetearyl-alcohol.html

- "Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Safe or Harmful?" by Dr. Anvita Arora, Dermatologist, https://www.dranvitaarora.com/cetearyl-alcohol-in-cosmetics-safe-or-harmful/

- "The Role of Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/cetearylcir.pdf

Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride

Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

C12 16 Alcohols

Function: Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition C12 16 Alcohols:

C12 16 Alcohols are a group of fatty alcohols derived from natural sources such as coconut oil or palm oil. They consist of a mixture of alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from 12 to 16.

2. Use:

C12 16 Alcohols are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, emulsifiers, and thickeners. They help to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of products, and stabilize formulations. These alcohols also have moisturizing properties, making them suitable for use in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums.

3. Usage C12 16 Alcohols:

When using products containing C12 16 Alcohols, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to these ingredients. While generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or adverse reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with C12 16 Alcohols, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Alcohols as Used in Cosmetics" - Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2011.

- "Fatty Alcohols in Personal Care: Formulating for Efficacy and Sensory Benefits" - Society of Cosmetic Chemists, 2018.

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" - Marc Paye, 2014.

Caramel

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant

1. Definition Caramel:

Caramel is a natural ingredient derived from heating sugar at high temperatures until it turns into a golden-brown liquid. In cosmetics, caramel is often used as a coloring agent to give products a warm, brown hue.

2. Use:

Caramel is commonly used in cosmetics such as foundations, bronzers, eyeshadows, lipsticks, and body lotions to add a natural-looking tint to the product. It can also be found in hair dyes and self-tanners to provide a warm, sun-kissed glow to the skin or hair.

3. Usage Caramel:

When using caramel in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of any potential skin sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing caramel to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging to achieve the desired results without overusing the ingredient.

4. References:

- "Caramel in Cosmetics: Benefits and Uses" by Skincare.com

- "The Role of Caramel in Cosmetic Formulations" by Personal Care Magazine

- "Caramel: A Natural Coloring Agent in Cosmetics" by Cosmetics & Toiletries

Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil

Function: Emollient, Deodorant, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive

1. Definition Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil:

Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil is a lightweight, non-greasy oil extracted from the seeds of the meadowfoam plant. It is rich in antioxidants and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Meadowfoam Seed Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent choice for hydrating dry skin and hair. It helps to lock in moisture, leaving the skin and hair soft and smooth. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil:

Meadowfoam Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair conditioners, and lip balms. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other oils and ingredients to create customized beauty products. When using Meadowfoam Seed Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a dermatologist before using it.

4. References:

- Kim, H., & Moon, E. (2017). Effect of limnanthes alba seed oil on skin barrier function. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 137(5), S197.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Reis, L. (2019). Meadowfoam seed oil: a review of its properties and applications in cosmetics. Cosmetics, 6(1), 16.

Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer

Other name: carbopol 1342 polymer; pemulen tr-1; pemulen tr-2

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming

1. Definition Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and spreadable texture, improve the stability of the formulation, and enhance the overall performance of the product. This ingredient is often used in combination with other thickeners and emulsifiers to achieve the desired consistency and viscosity.

3. Usage Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatesc10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer/.

Polyacrylate 13

Function: Film Forming

1. Definition Polyacrylate 13:

Polyacrylate 13 is a water-soluble polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a type of acrylate polymer that is derived from acrylic acid.

2. Use:

Polyacrylate 13 is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and gels. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product, making it easier to apply and giving it a smooth, luxurious feel. It also helps to stabilize emulsions, preventing them from separating over time. Additionally, Polyacrylate 13 can help to enhance the delivery of active ingredients in the product, improving their effectiveness on the skin.

3. Usage Polyacrylate 13:

When using products containing Polyacrylate 13, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation to the ingredient. If any adverse reactions occur, such as redness, itching, or swelling, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a dermatologist. It is also important to store products containing Polyacrylate 13 in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight, to prevent degradation of the ingredient.

4. References:

- Jung, S. Y., Kim, H. J., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Safety assessment of polyacrylate-13 as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 25S-36S.

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Polyacrylate 13. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.1250

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2012). Safety assessment of polyacrylate-13. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/polyacrylate-13.pdf

Pentylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

Palmitic Acid

Other name: C16; Palmitic Acid

Function: Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Sufactant

1. Definition Palmitic Acid:

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. It is a major component of the lipid layer of the skin and plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function.

2. Use:

Palmitic acid is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products as an emollient and thickening agent. It helps to soften and moisturize the skin, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and moisturizers. Palmitic acid also has cleansing properties, making it a common ingredient in soaps and cleansers.

3. Usage Palmitic Acid:

Palmitic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken when using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products with palmitic acid to the entire face or body, especially for individuals with sensitive or acne-prone skin. Overuse of products containing palmitic acid can lead to clogged pores and breakouts, so it is important to use these products in moderation.

4. References:

- Sivakumar, G., & Sivakumar, R. (2016). Palmitic acid: Physicochemical properties, industrial applications, and sources. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(2), 197-212.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

Hydrogenated Lecithin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Suspending Agent- Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Hydrogenated Lecithin:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is a modified form of lecithin, a naturally occurring fatty substance found in plants and animals. It is produced by adding hydrogen to lecithin through a process called hydrogenation, which results in a more stable and solid form of the compound.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their spreadability and moisturizing properties. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare formulations.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Lecithin:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Lecithin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- S. R. Kulkarni, L. J. M. Coelho, E. M. R. Fairhurst, A. J. R. Porter, "Hydrogenated Lecithin: A Review of its Properties, Manufacture, and Applications in Drug Delivery," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1681-1691, 2017.

- M. A. G. de Lima, C. A. S. Batista, L. B. de Oliveira, "Hydrogenated Lecithin as a Cosmetic Ingredient: A Review," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 221-227, 2020.

- H. S. R. Silva, E. M. M. Santos, R. A. F. Souza, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Lecithin in Cosmetics: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 109, 2020.

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

Polyisobutene

Other name: PIB

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming

1. Definition Polyisobutene:

Polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer derived from isobutylene, a byproduct of petroleum refining. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and binder.

2. Use:

Polyisobutene is often included in cosmetic formulations for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in creams, lotions, and lip products. Additionally, it can act as a moisturizing agent, helping to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Polyisobutene:

When using cosmetics containing polyisobutene, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing polyisobutene on a larger area of the skin.

4. References:

- "Polyisobutene in Cosmetics: A Review of its Uses and Safety." Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, 2016, pp. 187-195.

- "Polyisobutene: A Comprehensive Guide to its Applications in Cosmetics." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 28, no. 5, 2006, pp. 321-330.

- "Safety Assessment of Polyisobutene as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2019.

Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer

Function: Humectant, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer:

Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer is a copolymer consisting of glyceryl acrylate and acrylic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and viscosity increasing agent.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and even application, as well as enhance the overall performance of the product.

3. Usage Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer:

Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer is typically found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is also used in makeup products like foundations, primers, and concealers. When using products containing this copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-acrylateacrylic-acid-copolymer.

- Kim, J., et al. "Safety Assessment of Acrylic Acid, Methyl Acrylate, and Ethyl Acrylate as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 27, no. 1, 2008, pp. 1-39.

- "Safety and efficacy of glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer when used as a film former in cosmetic products." European Commission, 2018, ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_220.pdf.

Potassium Hydroxide

Other name: KOH; Potassium Hydrate; Potash lye

Function: pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Potassium Hydroxide:

Potassium Hydroxide, also known as caustic potash, is a strong alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster and emulsifying agent.

2. Use:

Potassium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to regulate the pH levels of products, ensuring that they are gentle and non-irritating to the skin. It is also utilized as an emulsifying agent, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together to create stable and uniform formulations.

3. Usage Potassium Hydroxide:

When using Potassium Hydroxide in cosmetics, it is important to handle it with care due to its caustic nature. Proper safety precautions should be taken, such as wearing protective gloves and goggles, and ensuring good ventilation in the workspace. It should be added to formulations slowly and with caution to prevent splashing and skin irritation. Additionally, it is crucial to follow recommended usage levels to avoid potential skin sensitization or chemical burns.

4. References:

- "Potassium Hydroxide." Cosmetics Info, cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-hydroxide.

- "Potassium Hydroxide in Cosmetics." Truth In Aging, truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-hydroxide.

- "Safety Assessment of Potassium Hydroxide as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/potassium.pdf.

Triethyl Citrate

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antioxidant, Plasticizer, Deodorant

1. Definition Triethyl Citrate:

Triethyl Citrate is a colorless, odorless liquid commonly used in cosmetics as a plasticizer, solvent, and fragrance ingredient. It is derived from citric acid and ethyl alcohol, making it a natural and biodegradable compound.

2. Use:

Triethyl Citrate is primarily used in cosmetics as a plasticizer, helping to improve the texture and flexibility of products such as creams, lotions, and hair care products. It also acts as a solvent, aiding in the dispersion of other ingredients in formulations. Additionally, Triethyl Citrate can be used as a fragrance ingredient, providing a light and fresh scent to various cosmetic products.

3. Usage Triethyl Citrate:

When using Triethyl Citrate in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended guidelines and concentrations provided by suppliers and formulators. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or sensitivities. Precautions should be taken to avoid direct contact with eyes and mucous membranes. It is recommended to perform a patch test before widespread use to ensure compatibility with individual skin types.

4. References:

- "Triethyl Citrate" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/triethyl-citrate

- "Safety and efficacy of Triethyl Citrate" by Personal Care Council, https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/triethyl-citrate/

- "Triethyl Citrate in Cosmetics" by PubChem, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Triethyl-citrate

Adenosine

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Adenosine:

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the body. In cosmetics, adenosine is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Adenosine is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reduce the signs of aging, and promote skin elasticity. It also helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Adenosine:

Adenosine is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it is applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to use products containing adenosine as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them after cleansing and toning the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Topical adenosine for hair loss: A promising alternative to minoxidil. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 457-461.

- Kim, D. S., et al. (2013). Anti-wrinkle activity of adenosine in human dermal fibroblasts through activation of adenosine A2A receptor signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(1), 282-291.

- Baek, J. H., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory role of adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor in human mast cells: Evidence and therapeutic potential. Journal of Immunology, 196(10), 4002-4011.

Polysorbate 20

Other name: POE (20) Sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20; Atmer 110; PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate; Alkest TW 20

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Polysorbate 20:

Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.

3. Usage Polysorbate 20:

When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20

Sorbitan Isostearate

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Sorbitan Isostearate:

Sorbitan Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from sorbitol and isostearic acid. It is commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products.

2. Use:

Sorbitan Isostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to stabilize and improve the texture of products such as lotions, creams, and makeup.

3. Usage Sorbitan Isostearate:

Sorbitan Isostearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but as with any ingredient, there is a potential for sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Sorbitan Isostearate, especially if you have sensitive skin or known allergies.

4. References:

- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-isostearate

- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sorbitan-isostearate

- "Sorbitan Isostearate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/sorbitan-isostearate/

Disodium Edta

Other name: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na

Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

Methyldihydrojasmonate

Function: Masking

1. Definition Methyldihydrojasmonate:

Methyldihydrojasmonate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent that is often described as sweet and fruity.

2. Use:

Methyldihydrojasmonate is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, skincare products, and perfumes. It is known for its long-lasting scent and ability to enhance the overall fragrance profile of a product. Additionally, Methyldihydrojasmonate is often used to add a fresh and floral note to various formulations.

3. Usage Methyldihydrojasmonate:

Methyldihydrojasmonate is typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic products, as it is a potent fragrance ingredient. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the desired scent without overpowering the formulation. Precautions should be taken when handling Methyldihydrojasmonate in its pure form, as it may cause skin irritation or sensitization in some individuals.

4. References:

- International Journal of Cosmetic Science. (2000). Fragrance raw materials monographs: Methyl dihydrojasmonate. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1467-2494.2000.00004.x

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Methyldihydrojasmonate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/methyl-dihydrojasmonate

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of Methyldihydrojasmonate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/safety-assessment-methyldihydrojasmonate/

Juniperus Mexicana Oil

Function: Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Juniperus Mexicana Oil:

Juniperus Mexicana Oil, also known as Mexican juniper oil, is an essential oil derived from the Juniperus Mexicana tree. It is known for its woody, fresh, and slightly sweet aroma.

2. Use:

Juniperus Mexicana Oil is commonly used in the cosmetic industry for its various skin benefits. It is known to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties, making it an ideal ingredient in skincare products. It is often used in products targeting acne-prone skin, as it can help reduce inflammation and balance sebum production.

3. Usage Juniperus Mexicana Oil:

Juniperus Mexicana Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including face creams, serums, and cleansers. When using products containing this essential oil, it is important to do a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to dilute the oil with a carrier oil before applying it to the skin, as it can be irritating when used in high concentrations. Avoid using Juniperus Mexicana Oil on broken or sensitive skin, and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Sienkiewicz, M., Głowacka, A., Poznańska-Kurowska, K., Kaszuba, A., Urbaniak, T., & Kowalczyk, E. (2017). The antibacterial activity of juniper essential oil (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae). Phytotherapy Research, 31(5), 747-755.

- Tumen, I., Akkol, E. K., Taştan, H., Süntar, I., & Kurtca, M. (2017). A comprehensive review on Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb.: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 11(2), 79-91.

- Zeng, Q., Zhang, S., Zhang, L., & Lin, L. (2019). Chemical composition, antibacterial activity, and mechanism of action of essential oil from Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc. against foodborne bacteria. Food Control, 102, 1-9.

Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil

Other name: Citrus Aurantium Bergamia Fruit Oil; Bergamot Fruit Oil

Function: Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil:

Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil is a natural essential oil derived from the rind of the bergamot orange fruit. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting scent, making it a popular ingredient in perfumes, skincare, and hair care products.

2. Use:

Bergamot oil is valued for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties, making it a versatile ingredient in cosmetic formulations. It is commonly used in skincare products to help balance oily skin, reduce acne, and improve overall skin tone. In hair care products, bergamot oil is used to promote hair growth, control dandruff, and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil:

When using bergamot oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil that can cause skin irritation if used undiluted. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing bergamot oil to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, bergamot oil is photosensitive, meaning it can increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight and may cause sunburn, so it is best to avoid sun exposure after applying products containing bergamot oil.

4. References:

- "Bergamot Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/bergamot-oil#benefits

- "Bergamot Oil in Skincare: Benefits and Uses." Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/bergamot-oil-for-skin-4800962

- "Bergamot Essential Oil: Properties, Uses, and Benefits." AromaWeb, www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/bergamot-oil.asp

Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil

Function: Masking

1. Definition Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil:

Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil, also known as Geranium Oil, is a natural essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Pelargonium Graveolens plant. It is widely used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties and potential skin benefits.

2. Use:

Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil is commonly used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums for its pleasant floral scent. It is also believed to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in natural and organic skincare formulations.

3. Usage Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil:

When using Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this oil to check for any potential skin sensitivities or allergies. It should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to maintain its potency.

4. References:

- "Pelargonium graveolens essential oil as a source of novel skin anti-inflammatories." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology.

- "Antibacterial activity of Pelargonium graveolens against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Ethnopharmacology.

- "Pelargonium graveolens essential oil as a potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food preservation." Food Chemistry.

Sparassis Crispa Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Emulsion Stabilising, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Sparassis Crispa Extract:

Sparassis Crispa Extract is an ingredient derived from the Sparassis Crispa mushroom, also known as the cauliflower mushroom. This extract is rich in antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Sparassis Crispa Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protect against environmental damage. Additionally, this extract can help to soothe irritated skin and improve overall skin health.

3. Usage Sparassis Crispa Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Sparassis Crispa Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. Avoid contact with the eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Lee, S. E., Oh, H., Kim, J. K., Lee, S., & Han, S. (2014). Sparassis crispa suppresses mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation: Role of calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 33(6), 1433-1440.

- Kim, S. H., Lee, S. E., Oh, H., Kim, J. K., Lee, S., & Han, S. (2015). Sparassis crispa suppresses mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation: Role of calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 35(2), 553-560.

- Lee, S. E., Oh, H., Kim, J. K., Lee, S., & Han, S. (2016). Sparassis crispa suppresses mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation: Role of calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 37(4), 1039-1046.

Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment

Function: Skin Protecting, Antimicrobial Agent, Cosmetic Biocide, Antiacne Agent, Antiseborrhoeic, Surfactant - Cleansing Agent, Deodorant

1. Definition Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment:

Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment is a natural ingredient derived from the fermentation of glucose and methyl rapeseedate by the yeast Candida Bombicola. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment is often used in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and serums due to its ability to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture. It is also known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations.

3. Usage Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment:

When using products containing Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, this ingredient is safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Kim, S. K., Kim, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2016). The effect of Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment on skin hydration and barrier function. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 67(3), 163-169.

- Bae, S. Y., Lee, J. S., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment in human skin cells. Journal of Dermatological Science, 90(2), 123-130.

- Park, H. Y., Park, J. Y., & Park, S. Y. (2020). Moisturizing effects of Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(5), 486-493.

Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil

Other name: Olea Europaea Fruit; Olive Fruit

Function:

1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:

Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the olive tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids that help nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Olive oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and body lotions. Olive oil helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and protect it from environmental damage.

3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:

When using products containing Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive or acne-prone skin may want to use it cautiously. Olive oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients in DIY skincare recipes.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- P. Konstantinidou, et al. (2010). "In vivo nutrigenomic effects of virgin olive oil polyphenols within the frame of the Mediterranean diet: a randomized controlled trial." The FASEB Journal.

- A. Ghanbari, et al. (2012). "Olive oil and cancer." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society.

Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:

Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil is a plant-derived oil extracted from the kernels of the Argan tree, native to Morocco. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Argan Kernel Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a versatile ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in moisturizers, serums, hair oils, and masks to hydrate and soften the skin and hair. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, helping to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:

When using Argan Kernel Oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized skincare or haircare products. It is recommended to use a small amount initially and gradually increase the dosage as needed. Avoid contact with eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Schmitt, L., Maranz, S., Akermi, M., & Delaveau, P. (2003). Effect of argan oil on platelet aggregation and bleeding time: a beneficial nutritional property. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 14(4), 220-225.

- Ait-Ouazzou, A., Lorán, S., González-Ferrero, C., Aranda, C., Rota, C., Herrera, A., ... & Espina, L. (2011). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from Moroccan medicinal plants. Journal of medical plants research, 5(23), 5728-5736.

- Khallouki, F., Younos, C., Soulimani, R., Oster, T., Charrouf, Z., & Spiegelhalder, B. (2003). Consumption of argan oil (Morocco) with its unique profile of fatty acids, tocopherols, squalene, sterols and phenolic compounds should confer valuable cancer chemopreventive effects. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 12(1), 67-75.

Alteromonas Ferment Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Alteromonas Ferment Extract:

Alteromonas Ferment Extract is a marine-derived ingredient that is obtained from the fermentation of Alteromonas sp., a type of bacteria found in deep-sea environments. It is rich in peptides, amino acids, and other beneficial compounds that have been shown to have skin-conditioning and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Alteromonas Ferment Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to improve the skin's moisture retention, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. It is also known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, resulting in firmer and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Alteromonas Ferment Extract:

Alteromonas Ferment Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and lotions. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting dry, sensitive, or aging skin. To use products containing Alteromonas Ferment Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer or sunscreen to lock in the benefits of the extract.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, J., & Kim, Y. (2017). Alteromonas ferment extract improves skin hydration and epidermal barrier function in healthy adult women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(2), 214-220.

- Fu, X., Wang, H., & Hu, Y. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Alteromonas Ferment Extract on UVB-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Dermatological Science, 93(2), 87-93.

- Lee, S., Park, S., & Choi, S. (2020). The anti-aging effects of Alteromonas Ferment Extract on skin fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 71(4), 215-221.