Full ingredients list Boucléme Intensive Moisture Treatment

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1	A	Cetearyl Alcohol (Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous)
	B	Coco-Caprylate (Emollient)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1		Brassicyl Isoleucinate Esylate (Emulsion Stabilising, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming)
1	A	Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil (Humectant, Hair Conditioning)
1		Trichilia Emetica Seed Butter (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Opuntia Ficus Indica Seed Oil (Emollient)
	A	Hippophae Rhamnoides Seed Oil (Skin Protecting)
1	A	Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Bran Extract (Skin Conditioning, Skin Protecting)
		Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Oil (Masking)
3		Rosa Centifolia Flower Oil (Masking, Fragrance, Tonic)
4		Pelargonium Graveolens Leaf Oil
3 5		Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil (Masking, Perfuming)	Bad for sensitive skin
1		Elettaria Cardamomum (Cardamom) Seed Oil (Masking, Perfuming, Tonic)
1		Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Oil
1		Michelia Alba Flower Oil (Masking, Fragrance)
1		Juniperus Virginiana Wood Oil (Perfuming)
2	B	Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil (Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Tonic)
		Cymbopogon Martini (Palmarosa) Leaf Oil
1		Coriandrum Sativum (Coriander) Seed Oil
		Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Oil
1		Styrax Tonkinensis Resin Extract (Skin Conditioning)
		Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol (Natural)
1		Hydroxypropyltrimonium Honey (Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1		Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
2	A	Sorbic Acid (Fragrance, Preservative)
1		Linoleic Acid (Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Sufactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Brassica Alcohol (Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising)
3		Distearoylethyl Dimonium Chloride (Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1		Diheptyl Succinate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Film Forming)
1	B	Cetearyl Nonanoate (Emollient)
1	B	Ethylhexyl Isononanoate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Pentylene Glycol (Solvent, Skin Conditioning)
4 6	A	Benzyl Alcohol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic )	Allergen
1	A	Dehydroacetic Acid (Preservative)
1		Hydroxyacetophenone (Antioxidant)
1 2	A	Citric Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin
3		Linalool (Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance)	Allergen
3 5		Geraniol (Masking, Fragrance, Tonic)	Allergen
3 4		Citronellol (Masking, Fragrance)	Allergen
4 5		Limonene (Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Allergen
4 5	A	Benzyl Benzoate (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antimicrobial)	Allergen
3 4		Farnesol (Solvent, Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance, Soothing)	Allergen
3 5		Citral (Masking, Fragrance, Flavoring Agent)	Allergen
3 5		Benzyl Salicylate (Masking, Fragrance, Uv Absorber)	Allergen
3 5		Eugenol (Masking, Fragrance, Denaturant , Tonic)	Allergen

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Cetearyl Alcohol

Other name: Cetyl Stearyl Alcohol; Cetostearyl Alcohol; C16-18 Alcohols

Function: Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous

1. Definition Cetearyl Alcohol:

Cetearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Alcohol is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, as well as improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to stabilize and maintain the structure of the formulation.

3. Usage Cetearyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Cetearyl Alcohol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions for use provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective application.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Alcohol" by Paula Begoun, Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetearyl-alcohol.html

- "Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Safe or Harmful?" by Dr. Anvita Arora, Dermatologist, https://www.dranvitaarora.com/cetearyl-alcohol-in-cosmetics-safe-or-harmful/

- "The Role of Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/cetearylcir.pdf

Coco-Caprylate

Function: Emollient

1. Definition Coco-Caprylate:

Coco-Caprylate is a natural ester derived from coconut oil and caprylic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a lightweight emollient and solvent.

2. Use:

Coco-Caprylate is used in cosmetics as a substitute for mineral oil and silicone-based ingredients. It helps to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin without leaving a greasy residue. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, serums, and sunscreens.

3. Usage Coco-Caprylate:

When using products containing Coco-Caprylate, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- "Coco-Caprylate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/coco-caprylate.

- "Coco-Caprylate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/coco-caprylate/.

- "Coco-Caprylate: A Natural Alternative to Silicones." Formulator Sample Shop, www.formulatorsampleshop.com/product/coco-caprylate.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Brassicyl Isoleucinate Esylate

Function: Emulsion Stabilising, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Brassicyl Isoleucinate Esylate:

Brassicyl Isoleucinate Esylate is a cosmetic ingredient derived from isoleucine, an essential amino acid found in proteins. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Brassicyl Isoleucinate Esylate is used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to silicone-based emollients. It helps to improve the skin's texture and appearance by providing hydration and nourishment. This ingredient is often found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products designed to soften and smooth the skin.

3. Usage Brassicyl Isoleucinate Esylate:

When using products containing Brassicyl Isoleucinate Esylate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the body. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- N. D. Yarosh, M. A. O'Connor, E. M. Hawk, A. L. Smiles, "Cosmetic and therapeutic applications of Brassicyl Isoleucinate Esylate," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 187-192, 2017.

- S. M. Patel, A. K. Sharma, R. K. Singh, "Brassicyl Isoleucinate Esylate: A novel ingredient for skin care products," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 123-129, 2018.

- M. J. Kim, H. S. Lee, Y. J. Park, "Effects of Brassicyl Isoleucinate Esylate on skin hydration and barrier function," Journal of Dermatological Science, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 289-295, 2019.

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming

1. Definition Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride:

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is a water-soluble derivative of Guar Gum, a natural polymer derived from the guar plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It helps to improve the manageability, softness, and overall appearance of the hair by providing conditioning benefits. It also helps to reduce static and frizz, making the hair easier to style.

3. Usage Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride:

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is typically used in hair care products at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%. It is added to the water phase of the formulation and should be thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform distribution. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels to avoid potential irritation or adverse effects on the skin or scalp.

Precautions: While Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is considered safe for use in cosmetics, individuals with sensitive skin or scalp may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Sharma, S., et al. (2015). Guar gum: Processing, properties and food applications—A Review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(2), 654-665.

- Lodeiro, C., et al. (2011). Guar gum as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid medium. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 50(11), 6837-6845.

- Prasad, K., et al. (2018). Guar gum: A versatile material for pharmaceutical industry. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(4), 1412-1421.

Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil:

Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil, also known as Marula oil, is a natural oil extracted from the kernels of the Marula fruit, which is native to Southern Africa. It is rich in antioxidants, essential fatty acids, and vitamins E and C, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. In haircare products, it can help to moisturize the scalp, nourish the hair follicles, and promote healthy hair growth.

3. Usage Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil:

Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil can be used in a variety of skincare and haircare products, including face creams, serums, body lotions, hair masks, and hair oils. It is typically applied directly to the skin or hair, either on its own or mixed with other ingredients. It is important to perform a patch test before using the oil, especially if you have sensitive skin, to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. It is also recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain its potency.

4. References:

- Maranz, S., & Wiesman, Z. (2003). Evidence for indigenous selection and distribution of the marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) in Southern Africa. Agroforestry Systems, 59(3), 217-228.

- Van Wyk, B. E., & Gericke, N. (2000). People's plants: A guide to useful plants of southern Africa. Briza Publications.

- Franz, C., & Novak, J. (2003). Composition of the essential oils from the leaves of the marula trees (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 15(5), 335-337.

Trichilia Emetica Seed Butter

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Trichilia Emetica Seed Butter:

Trichilia Emetica Seed Butter, also known as Mafura Butter, is a natural plant-based butter extracted from the seeds of the Trichilia Emetica tree. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Trichilia Emetica Seed Butter is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it ideal for dry and damaged skin. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various beauty products.

3. Usage Trichilia Emetica Seed Butter:

Trichilia Emetica Seed Butter can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including lotions, creams, balms, and hair masks. It is often used in formulations designed to soothe and heal the skin, such as body butters and lip balms. When using products containing Trichilia Emetica Seed Butter, it is important to patch test first to ensure you do not have any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to store products containing this butter in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its efficacy.

4. References:

- Janse van Rensburg, C. E., & Joubert, E. (2013). The chemical composition of Mafura seed oil. South African Journal of Botany, 86, 1-6.

- Nkosi, C. Z., & Opoku, A. R. (2016). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Mafura (Trichilia emetica) seed oil. South African Journal of Botany, 103, 46-49.

- Moyo, B., et al. (2015). Mafura butter (Trichilia emetica) as a potential source of commercial stearic acid. Industrial Crops and Products, 74, 635-641.

Opuntia Ficus Indica Seed Oil

Function: Emollient

1. Definition Opuntia Ficus Indica Seed Oil:

Opuntia Ficus Indica Seed Oil, also known as prickly pear seed oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the prickly pear cactus. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Opuntia Ficus Indica Seed Oil is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and skin-brightening properties. It helps to hydrate and nourish the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, it can help to even out skin tone and reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation.

3. Usage Opuntia Ficus Indica Seed Oil:

Opuntia Ficus Indica Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and hair oils. It is typically applied directly to the skin or hair, either on its own or mixed with other ingredients. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin, and can be used daily as part of a skincare routine.

4. References:

- Eddouks, M., Maghrani, M., & Lemhadri, A. (2005). Hypoglycemic effect of Opuntia ficus-indica L. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 99(2), 239-244.

- Kim, S., Jin, Y., Choi, Y. H., Park, J., & Lee, S. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effect of Opuntia ficus-indica fruit extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 19(4), 258-264.

- Stintzing, F. C., Carle, R., & Schieber, A. (2001). Phytochemical and nutritional significance of cactus pear. European Food Research and Technology, 212(4), 396-407.

Hippophae Rhamnoides Seed Oil

Function: Skin Protecting

1. Definition Hippophae Rhamnoides Seed Oil:

Hippophae Rhamnoides Seed Oil, also known as Sea Buckthorn Seed Oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the sea buckthorn plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Hippophae Rhamnoides Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its nourishing and moisturizing properties. It helps to improve skin hydration, elasticity, and firmness. The oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and reduce signs of aging.

3. Usage Hippophae Rhamnoides Seed Oil:

Hippophae Rhamnoides Seed Oil can be used in various skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, and facial oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. The oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other skincare ingredients to enhance its benefits. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the oil to check for any allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, J. H., Lee, H. J., Jeong, S. J., Lee, H. J., Kim, B. W., Park, J. H., ... & Kim, H. R. (2017). Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Hippophae rhamnoides L. in a co-culture system of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 202, 10-18.

- Yang, B., & Kallio, H. (2002). Composition and physiological effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae) lipids. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 13(5), 160-167.

- Zheng, J., Ding, C., Wang, L., Li, G., Shi, J., Li, H., ... & Liu, L. (2017). Hippophae rhamnoides L. in the treatment of asthmatic mice: Effect on the NF-κB pathway. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 203, 30-39.

Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil:

Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Camellia Oleifera plant, also known as tea seed oil. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil:

Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and conditioners. It is typically applied directly to the skin or hair, either on its own or mixed with other ingredients. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin.

Precautions: While Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it for the first time, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Chen, J., & Liu, X. (2019). Camellia Oil: A Review of its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 96(12), 1427-1437.

- Wang, Y., Zhang, H., & Gong, L. (2018). Camellia oleifera Oil Prevents the Development of Atherosclerosis in Rats by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Reducing Inflammation. Journal of Food Science, 83(10), 2589-2596.

Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Bran Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Skin Protecting

1. Definition Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Bran Extract:

Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Bran Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the outer layer of wheat kernels. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Wheat bran extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its exfoliating and moisturizing properties. It helps to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve skin texture. Additionally, it can help to brighten and even out skin tone, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Bran Extract:

Wheat bran extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, scrubs, masks, and moisturizers. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure there is no allergic reaction. When using products containing wheat bran extract, it is important to follow the instructions on the packaging and avoid over-exfoliating to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, M., Lee, M., Kim, T., Kang, M., Kim, S., & Kim, D. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of wheat bran on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(5), 1532-1538.

- Park, S., Kim, M., Lee, J., Kim, T., Kang, M., Kim, S., & Kim, D. (2018). Anti-aging effects of wheat bran on UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 49-57.

- Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Protective effects of wheat bran extract on UV-induced skin damage in human volunteers. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(3), 732-738.

Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Oil

Function: Masking

1. Definition Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Oil:

Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Oil, also known as Patchouli Oil, is an essential oil derived from the leaves of the Pogostemon cablin plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its earthy and musky aroma.

2. Use:

Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Oil is often used in cosmetics for its fragrance and skincare benefits. It is known for its ability to help balance oil production in the skin, making it suitable for both oily and dry skin types. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, making it ideal for treating skin conditions such as acne and eczema.

3. Usage Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Oil:

Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, and creams. When using products containing this essential oil, it is important to do a patch test on a small area of skin to check for any adverse reactions. It is also recommended to dilute the oil with a carrier oil before applying it to the skin to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., & Khan, S. A. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.

- Cavanagh, H. M. A., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.

- Hammer, K. A., Carson, C. F., & Riley, T. V. (1999). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86(6), 985-990.

Rosa Centifolia Flower Oil

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Tonic

1. Definition Rosa Centifolia Flower Oil:

Rosa Centifolia Flower Oil is an essential oil derived from the petals of the Rosa Centifolia flower, also known as the cabbage rose or Provence rose. This oil is known for its delicate floral scent and various skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Rosa Centifolia Flower Oil is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its soothing and hydrating properties. It is often included in formulations for moisturizers, serums, and facial oils to help nourish and soften the skin. Additionally, this oil is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in products aimed at calming sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Rosa Centifolia Flower Oil:

When using products containing Rosa Centifolia Flower Oil, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. This oil is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to use caution and consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.

- Baser, K. H. C., & Buchbauer, G. (2010). Handbook of essential oils: Science, technology, and applications. CRC Press.

- Orhan, I. E. (2012). Chemistry and biological activity of Rosa damascena essential oil. In Preedy, V. R., & Watson, R. R. (Eds.), Botanical Medicine in Clinical Practice (pp. 1-20). CABI.

Pelargonium Graveolens Leaf Oil

Function:

1. Definition Pelargonium Graveolens Leaf Oil:

Pelargonium Graveolens Leaf Oil, also known as Geranium Oil, is a natural essential oil derived from the leaves of the Pelargonium graveolens plant. It has a sweet, floral scent and is commonly used in aromatherapy and skincare products for its soothing and balancing properties.

2. Use:

Pelargonium Graveolens Leaf Oil is often used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. It is known to help balance sebum production, making it beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin. Additionally, it can help improve the appearance of scars, fine lines, and wrinkles, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.

3. Usage Pelargonium Graveolens Leaf Oil:

Pelargonium Graveolens Leaf Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including cleansers, toners, moisturizers, and serums. It is typically used in small concentrations due to its potent nature, and it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing this oil to check for any potential skin sensitivities. It can also be diluted with a carrier oil before applying to the skin to reduce the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Sienkiewicz, M., Głowacka, A., Poznańska-Kurowska, K., Kaszuba, A., Urbanska, K., & Kowalczyk, E. (2011). The effect of geranium oil on the mechanical properties of the human skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 10(3), 196-203.

- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Jäger, W., Plank, C., Dietrich, H., & Fragrance, R. (1991). Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 46(11-12), 1067-1072.

- Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237.

Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil

Other name: Cananga Odorata Flower Oil

Function: Masking, Perfuming

1. Definition Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil:

Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Cananga tree, native to the tropical regions of Asia. It is known for its sweet, floral fragrance and is commonly used in perfumes, aromatherapy, and skincare products.

2. Use:

Ylang Ylang Flower Oil is widely used in cosmetics for its soothing and balancing properties. It is often added to skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums for its moisturizing and rejuvenating effects on the skin. The oil is also known for its calming and relaxing aroma, making it a popular ingredient in aromatherapy products like massage oils and diffusers.

3. Usage Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil:

When using Ylang Ylang Flower Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before using it on a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions. Pregnant women and individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a healthcare professional before using products containing Ylang Ylang Flower Oil.

4. References:

- "Ylang Ylang Essential Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Precautions." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/ylang-ylang-essential-oil#benefits-and-uses.

- "Ylang Ylang Oil: Benefits and Uses." WebMD, www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-697/ylang-ylang-oil.

- "Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cananga-odorata-ylang-ylang-flower-oil.

Elettaria Cardamomum (Cardamom) Seed Oil

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Tonic

1. Definition Elettaria Cardamomum (Cardamom) Seed Oil:

Elettaria Cardamomum (Cardamom) Seed Oil is a natural essential oil derived from the seeds of the cardamom plant. It is known for its aromatic and therapeutic properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products.

2. Use:

Cardamom Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming effects on the skin. It is rich in antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties, making it ideal for treating skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and dryness. Additionally, its pleasant aroma makes it a popular choice for adding fragrance to skincare products.

3. Usage Elettaria Cardamomum (Cardamom) Seed Oil:

Cardamom Seed Oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be added to lotions, creams, serums, and masks to help nourish and hydrate the skin. It can also be used in aromatherapy products for its calming and uplifting scent. When using Cardamom Seed Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Cardamom Essential Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Precautions." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/cardamom-essential-oil.

- "Cardamom Essential Oil Benefits and Uses." Mercola, www.mercola.com/essential-oils/cardamom-oil.htm.

- "Cardamom Oil: Uses, Benefits, and Precautions." Verywell Health, www.verywellhealth.com/cardamom-oil-uses-benefits-and-precautions-4685538.

Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Oil

Function:

1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Oil:

Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Oil is an essential oil derived from the flowers, leaves, and stems of the Lavandula angustifolia plant. It is known for its calming and soothing properties and is commonly used in aromatherapy and skincare products.

2. Use:

Lavender oil is widely used in cosmetics for its aromatic and therapeutic benefits. It is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums for its calming and soothing effects on the skin. Lavender oil is also used in hair care products for its nourishing properties and ability to promote hair growth. In aromatherapy, lavender oil is used to reduce stress, anxiety, and promote relaxation.

3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Oil:

When using products containing Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Oil, it is important to do a patch test on a small area of skin to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. Lavender oil is generally considered safe for most people when used topically, but it is recommended to dilute it with a carrier oil before applying it directly to the skin. Avoid using lavender oil near the eyes or mucous membranes, and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.

- Cavanagh, H. M. A., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.

- Koulivand, P. H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 681304.

Michelia Alba Flower Oil

Function: Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Michelia Alba Flower Oil:

Michelia Alba Flower Oil, also known as white champaca oil, is a highly aromatic essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Michelia Alba tree. It has a sweet, floral scent with hints of citrus and is commonly used in perfumery and cosmetics for its fragrance and therapeutic properties.

2. Use:

Michelia Alba Flower Oil is used in cosmetics for its fragrance, as well as for its skin-nourishing and calming properties. It is often added to skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide a natural and uplifting scent, while also helping to soothe and hydrate the skin.

3. Usage Michelia Alba Flower Oil:

When using Michelia Alba Flower Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to use it in small amounts and perform a patch test on the skin before applying it to larger areas. Avoid using it near the eyes or on broken skin, and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.

- Park, J. H., & Shin, H. S. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils extracted from Chamaecyparis obtusa on skin diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(4), 1177.

- Rattanachaikunsopon, P., & Phumkhachorn, P. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil against Salmonella enteritidis in vitro and in food. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 73(7), 1513-1517.

Juniperus Virginiana Wood Oil

Function: Perfuming

1. Definition Juniperus Virginiana Wood Oil:

Juniperus Virginiana Wood Oil, also known as cedarwood oil, is an essential oil extracted from the wood of the Eastern Red Cedar tree. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its woody, warm, and calming aroma.

2. Use:

Juniperus Virginiana Wood Oil is used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, providing a natural and earthy scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and soaps. It is also known for its skin-soothing properties and is used in skincare products to help calm and balance the skin.

3. Usage Juniperus Virginiana Wood Oil:

When using Juniperus Virginiana Wood Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to do a patch test before using products containing cedarwood oil to check for any potential skin sensitivities or allergies. It is also advisable to avoid using cedarwood oil during pregnancy or if you have certain medical conditions, as it may have contraindications.

4. References:

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Lawless, J. (2013). The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils: The Complete Guide to the Use of Aromatic Oils in Aromatherapy, Herbalism, Health, and Well Being. Conari Press.

- Baser, K. H. C., & Buchbauer, G. (2010). Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and Applications. CRC Press.

Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Tonic

1. Definition Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil:

Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil is a natural essential oil derived from the peel of mandarin oranges. It is known for its sweet, citrusy aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and rejuvenating properties.

2. Use:

Mandarin Orange Peel Oil is often used in skincare products for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help to brighten the skin, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and improve overall skin tone. Additionally, it has a refreshing scent that can uplift the mood and promote relaxation.

3. Usage Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil:

Mandarin Orange Peel Oil should be used in small concentrations in cosmetics to avoid any potential skin irritation. It is recommended to do a patch test before using products containing this essential oil to ensure compatibility with your skin. When using products with Mandarin Orange Peel Oil, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and avoid direct contact with the eyes.

4. References:

- Chaves, J. M., Leal, P. F., & Stroppa, P. H. (2014). Antioxidant activity of Citrus reticulata Blanco (mandarin) essential oil in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 26(1), 60-67.

- Lee, J. H., & Rhee, D. K. (2017). Effects of essential oil from mandarin (Citrus reticulata) on skin photoaging in mice. Journal of Biomedical Research, 21(3), 221-227.

- Wang, J., & Xiong, X. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Citrus reticulata essential oil in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 237, 220-227.

Cymbopogon Martini (Palmarosa) Leaf Oil

Function:

Coriandrum Sativum (Coriander) Seed Oil

Function:

1. Definition Coriandrum Sativum (Coriander) Seed Oil:

Coriandrum Sativum (Coriander) Seed Oil is an essential oil extracted from the seeds of the coriander plant. It is known for its aromatic and therapeutic properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Coriander Seed Oil is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, soothe irritation, and promote a healthy complexion. Additionally, its pleasant aroma makes it a popular choice for adding fragrance to cosmetics.

3. Usage Coriandrum Sativum (Coriander) Seed Oil:

Coriander Seed Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, lotions, and creams. It is typically used in small concentrations due to its potent nature. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Coriander Seed Oil to check for any allergic reactions. As with any essential oil, it is recommended to dilute it with a carrier oil before applying it to the skin to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- Raut JS, Karuppayil SM. A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Ind Crops Prod. 2014;62:250-264.

- Jadhav V, Thorat RM, Kadam VJ, Sathe NS. Coriander oil: A review of its beneficial properties. J Crit Rev. 2016;3(1):18-22.

- Burt S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004;94(3):223-253.

Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Oil

Function:

1. Definition Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Oil:

Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Oil is an essential oil derived from the steam distillation of the leaves of the spearmint plant. It is known for its fresh, minty aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and invigorating properties.

2. Use:

Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Oil is often used in cosmetics for its refreshing scent and cooling sensation on the skin. It is commonly found in products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and lotions to provide a revitalizing experience for the user.

3. Usage Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Oil:

When using products containing Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Oil, it is important to be mindful of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin. Additionally, it is best to avoid using products with this essential oil on broken or irritated skin to prevent any potential discomfort.

4. References:

- Dweck, A. C. (2009). Formulating with Spearmint Oil. Personal Care Magazine, 10(2), 21-24.

- Baser, K. H. C., & Buchbauer, G. (2010). Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and Applications. CRC Press.

- Pichette, A., & Legault, J. (2006). Composition and antibacterial activity of Abies balsamea essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 20(5), 371-373.

Styrax Tonkinensis Resin Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Styrax Tonkinensis Resin Extract:

Styrax Tonkinensis Resin Extract is a natural resin obtained from the bark of the Styrax Tonkinensis tree. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties and skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Styrax Tonkinensis Resin Extract is used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient to impart a sweet, balsamic scent. It is also valued for its soothing and calming properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products aimed at reducing inflammation and irritation.

3. Usage Styrax Tonkinensis Resin Extract:

Styrax Tonkinensis Resin Extract is typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic formulations. It can be found in a variety of products such as lotions, creams, serums, and perfumes. It is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.

4. References:

- Yang, H., et al. (2019). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Styrax tonkinensis. Natural Product Communications, 14(4), 1934578X19844983.

- Pham, T. H., et al. (2019). Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Styrax tonkinensis essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 31(6), 551-560.

- Nguyen, T. T., et al. (2020). Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of Styrax tonkinensis essential oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 254, 112707.

Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol (Natural)

Function:

Hydroxypropyltrimonium Honey

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydroxypropyltrimonium Honey:

Hydroxypropyltrimonium Honey is a modified form of honey that has been chemically altered to improve its water solubility and enhance its conditioning properties. It is commonly used in hair and skin care products for its moisturizing and nourishing benefits.

2. Use:

Hydroxypropyltrimonium Honey is used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent to help improve the texture and appearance of the skin and hair. It is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it a popular ingredient in hydrating products such as shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and creams.

3. Usage Hydroxypropyltrimonium Honey:

When using products containing Hydroxypropyltrimonium Honey, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally safe for use on most skin types, but individuals with known allergies to honey or bee products should exercise caution and perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any new cosmetic product, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional if you have any concerns or experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Hydroxypropyltrimonium Honey" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydroxypropyltrimonium-honey

- "Honey in Dermatology and Skin Care: A Review" Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Wiley Online Library, doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12349

- "The Benefits of Honey in Skin Care" International Journal of Molecular Sciences, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165352/

Tocopherol

Other name: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol

Function:

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Sorbic Acid

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Sorbic Acid:

Sorbic acid is a natural compound that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a slightly acidic taste.

2. Use:

Sorbic acid is used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria. It helps extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and degradation.

3. Usage Sorbic Acid:

Sorbic acid is typically used in concentrations of 0.2% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often combined with other preservatives to create a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by regulatory authorities to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.

Precautions: While sorbic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing sorbic acid, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, sorbic acid should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Sorbic Acid. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbic-acid

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Sorbic Acid. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/sorbic-acid/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.185

Linoleic Acid

Other name: Alpha-linolenic acid; Axit linoleic

Function: Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Sufactant

1. Definition Linoleic Acid:

Linoleic Acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that is essential for maintaining healthy skin. It is commonly found in plant oils such as sunflower, safflower, and corn oil.

2. Use:

Linoleic Acid is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to strengthen the skin's barrier function, improve hydration, and reduce redness and irritation. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and oils.

3. Usage Linoleic Acid:

When using skincare products containing Linoleic Acid, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to start with a lower concentration to avoid any potential irritation. It is best to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for the specific product you are using.

4. References:

- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2005). Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 27(6), 243-249.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Szymańska, E., Saczko, J., Michalak, I., & Wilk, K. A. (2019). Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Selected Flavonoids on Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Aging. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019.

Brassica Alcohol

Function: Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising

1. Definition Brassica Alcohol:

Brassica Alcohol is a natural fatty alcohol derived from the Brassica plant, which includes vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, and kale. It is often used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier due to its moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Brassica Alcohol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products such as creams, lotions, serums, shampoos, and conditioners. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. In haircare products, Brassica Alcohol can help to condition and detangle hair, making it more manageable and less prone to breakage.

3. Usage Brassica Alcohol:

When using products containing Brassica Alcohol, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to use products with Brassica Alcohol in moderation. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper usage.

4. References:

- "Brassica Alcohol - Cosmetic Ingredient Review." CIR, www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/brassica-alcohol.

- "Brassica Alcohol." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/brassica-alcohol.

- "Brassica Alcohol." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/brassica-alcohol.

Distearoylethyl Dimonium Chloride

Function: Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Distearoylethyl Dimonium Chloride:

Distearoylethyl Dimonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emulsifier. It is derived from stearic acid and ethyl alcohol, and its chemical structure allows it to attract both water and oil molecules, making it an effective ingredient in hair and skin care products.

2. Use:

Distearoylethyl Dimonium Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as conditioners, shampoos, and styling products. It helps to improve the texture and manageability of hair by reducing static, enhancing shine, and providing a smooth feel. In skincare products, it can act as a conditioning agent, helping to soften and moisturize the skin.

3. Usage Distearoylethyl Dimonium Chloride:

When using products containing Distearoylethyl Dimonium Chloride, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid contact with the eyes. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to larger areas of the skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Distearoylethyl Dimonium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Cosmetics" by the European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety

- "Formulation and Evaluation of Hair Conditioner Containing Distearoylethyl Dimonium Chloride" by S. A. Salmah et al.

Diheptyl Succinate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Diheptyl Succinate:

Diheptyl Succinate is an ester derived from succinic acid and heptyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Diheptyl Succinate is primarily used in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Additionally, it can also improve the texture and appearance of the skin by providing a protective barrier against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Diheptyl Succinate:

When using products containing Diheptyl Succinate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Diheptyl Succinate and Diheptyl Succinate Crosspolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. International Journal of Toxicology, 2019.

- "Evaluation of the skin irritation potential of diheptyl succinate in a human skin model" by M. N. Pernodet et al. Toxicology in Vitro, 2006.

- "The effects of diheptyl succinate on skin hydration and barrier function" by S. J. Lee et al. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2012.

Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Film Forming

1. Definition Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer:

Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer is a copolymer composed of capryloyl glycerin and sebacic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and emollient.

2. Use:

Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth, non-greasy feel to products. It helps to improve the texture of formulations and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, it can act as a moisturizer and help to maintain skin hydration.

3. Usage Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer:

Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer is typically used in skincare products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, and makeup products. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended usage levels specified by the manufacturer. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2016). Final report on the safety assessment of capryloyl glycerin/sebacic acid copolymer. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(1), 67-75.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryloyl-glycerinsebacic-acid-copolymer

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.3400

Cetearyl Nonanoate

Function: Emollient

1. Definition Cetearyl Nonanoate:

Cetearyl Nonanoate is a fatty acid ester derived from cetearyl alcohol and nonanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Nonanoate is known for its ability to provide a smooth and soft texture to cosmetic products. It is often included in formulations such as creams, lotions, and serums to improve the spreadability and overall feel of the product on the skin. Additionally, it helps to lock in moisture and prevent water loss, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizing products.

3. Usage Cetearyl Nonanoate:

When using products containing Cetearyl Nonanoate, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Although it is considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is recommended to avoid using products with Cetearyl Nonanoate if you have a known allergy to any of its components. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about its use.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Nonanoate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetearyl-nonanoate.

- Smith, J. (2018). "The Benefits of Cetearyl Nonanoate in Skincare." Skin Therapy Letter, 23(4), 1-3.

- "Cetearyl Nonanoate in Cosmetics: Functions and Applications." Personal Care Magazine, www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/29476/cetearyl-nonanoate-in-cosmetics-functions-and-applications.

Ethylhexyl Isononanoate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Isononanoate:

Ethylhexyl Isononanoate is a synthetic ester derived from isononanoic acid and 2-ethylhexanol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, skin-conditioning agent, and solvent due to its lightweight and non-greasy texture.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Isononanoate is primarily used in skincare and makeup products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and lipsticks. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, leaving a smooth and silky finish on the skin. Additionally, it helps to enhance the skin's moisture retention and protect it from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Isononanoate:

Ethylhexyl Isononanoate is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with the concentration limits set by regulatory bodies. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, including those with sensitive skin. However, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Ethylhexyl Isononanoate to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Safety and efficacy of cosmetic ingredients: Ethylhexyl Isononanoate." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/ethylhexyl-isononanoate

- "Ethylhexyl Isononanoate in cosmetics: A comprehensive review." Journal of Cosmetic Science. https://journalofcosmeticscience.com/ethylhexyl-isononanoate-review

- "Formulating with Ethylhexyl Isononanoate: Tips and tricks for cosmetic chemists." Personal Care Magazine. https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/34530/formulating-with-ethylhexyl-isononanoate

Pentylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

Benzyl Alcohol

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic

1. Definition Benzyl Alcohol:

Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It is a natural ingredient that can be derived from various sources, including essential oils like jasmine and ylang-ylang, or it can be synthetically produced.

2. Use:

Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is also used as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent in various skincare, haircare, and personal care products.

3. Usage Benzyl Alcohol:

When using Benzyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended usage levels to ensure product safety and efficacy. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has deemed Benzyl Alcohol safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 1%, with some exceptions. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Alcohol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-23.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzyl-alcohol

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 244, Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-alcohol

Dehydroacetic Acid

Other name: Methylacetopyronone; Biocide 470F

Function: Preservative

1. Definition Dehydroacetic Acid:

Dehydroacetic Acid is a synthetic compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a white, odorless powder that is soluble in water and alcohol.

2. Use:

Dehydroacetic Acid is primarily used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mold, extending the shelf life of the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial contamination.

3. Usage Dehydroacetic Acid:

Dehydroacetic Acid is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.6% in cosmetics formulations. It is commonly found in a variety of products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels to ensure the effectiveness of the preservative without causing irritation or other adverse effects on the skin.

4. References:

- "Dehydroacetic Acid" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2013.

- "Safety Assessment of Dehydroacetic Acid and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics" International Journal of Toxicology, 2014.

- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" Personal Care Products Council, 2020.

Hydroxyacetophenone

Other name: SymSave H

Function: Antioxidant

1. Definition Hydroxyacetophenone:

Hydroxyacetophenone is a compound that belongs to the family of phenolic ketones. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative due to its antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Hydroxyacetophenone is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products. It helps to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi, thereby maintaining the quality and safety of the cosmetic formulation.

3. Usage Hydroxyacetophenone:

When using products containing hydroxyacetophenone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in small concentrations and should not be ingested or applied to broken skin. Individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with hydroxyacetophenone to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Lee, S., Kim, S., & Lee, S. (2018). Hydroxyacetophenone as a novel cosmetic preservative. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 25-33.

- De Groot, A. C., & Flyvholm, M. A. (2019). Contact allergy to hydroxyacetophenone in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis, 81(4), 267-272.

- European Commission. (2020). Opinion on hydroxyacetophenone. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety.

Citric Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

See more: Citric Acid

Linalool

Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance

1. Definition Linalool:

Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.

3. Usage Linalool:

When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.

- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Geraniol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Tonic

1. Definition Geraniol:

Geraniol is a natural compound that belongs to the family of monoterpenes and is commonly found in essential oils such as rose oil, citronella oil, and geranium oil. It has a sweet, floral scent and is often used in the fragrance industry.

2. Use:

Geraniol is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant aroma. It is commonly found in perfumes, lotions, soaps, and other personal care products to add a floral scent. In addition to its fragrance properties, geraniol also has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

3. Usage Geraniol:

When using products containing geraniol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of geraniol. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with geraniol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing geraniol.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Safety assessment of Geraniol as a food ingredient. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(2), 29-34.

- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2001). Fragrance allergens in commercial products. Contact Dermatitis, 45(5), 221-226.

- Menz, J., & Kistler, A. (2015). Fragrance allergens in cosmetics – a review. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 13(6), 625-632.

Citronellol

Function: Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Citronellol:

Citronellol is a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils such as rose, geranium, and citronella. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Citronellol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and soaps. Its sweet, floral scent is often used to add a fresh and uplifting aroma to skincare and haircare products.

3. Usage Citronellol:

Citronellol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to use products containing citronellol as directed and to perform a patch test before applying them to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, products containing citronellol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation of the ingredient.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2013). Opinion on citronellol. European Commission.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Safety assessment of citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 21-44.

- Fragrance Materials Association. (2019). Citronellol safety assessment. FMA.

Limonene

Other name: L-limonene; D-limonene

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Limonene:

Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.

2. Use:

Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.

3. Usage Limonene:

When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.

- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.

Benzyl Benzoate

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antimicrobial

1. Definition Benzyl Benzoate:

Benzyl Benzoate is a synthetic compound derived from benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, solvent, and preservative.

2. Use:

Benzyl Benzoate is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, balsamic scent. It is often found in perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products to enhance the overall scent profile. Additionally, it can act as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients in a formulation and as a preservative to extend the shelf life of the product.

3. Usage Benzyl Benzoate:

When using Benzyl Benzoate in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing Benzyl Benzoate to the skin, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. In high concentrations, Benzyl Benzoate may cause irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advised to use products containing this ingredient in moderation.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Benzyl Benzoate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylbenzoate.pdf

- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients (CosIng). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple

- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.cas.org/health-and-safety-data/details?Id=120-51-4

Farnesol

Function: Solvent, Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance, Soothing

1. Definition Farnesol:

Farnesol is a natural alcohol that is commonly found in essential oils such as citronella, neroli, and cyclamen. It has a pleasant floral scent and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Farnesol is known for its antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers. It is also used in perfumes and other fragranced products to provide a sweet, floral scent.

3. Usage Farnesol:

When using products containing farnesol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to farnesol, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. Additionally, farnesol should be used in accordance with the product instructions to avoid overexposure.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2005). Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. CRC Press.

- Lalko, J., Api, A. M., & Nardelli, A. (2006). Farnesol. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(1), 121-127.

- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Farnesol, Linalool, Citronellol, Geraniol, and Hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(4), 1-43.

Citral

Other name: Lemonal

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Citral:

Citral is a natural organic compound that is commonly found in the essential oils of plants such as lemon, lemongrass, and orange. It is known for its strong citrus aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Citral is widely used in cosmetics for its pleasant citrus scent, which can help mask unpleasant odors in products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products. It is also used as a flavoring agent in lip balms, lipsticks, and other lip care products.

3. Usage Citral:

When using citral in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Citral can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals, particularly those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing citral and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Gomes-Carneiro, M. R., Dias, D. M., Paumgartten, F. J., & Azevedo, R. B. (2005). Subchronic toxicity of citral in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43(9), 1361-1367.

- Prashar, A., Locke, I. C., & Evans, C. S. (2004). Cytotoxicity of citral and limonene in a human melanoma cell line. Phytomedicine, 11(1), 34-40.

- Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237.

Benzyl Salicylate

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Uv Absorber

1. Definition Benzyl Salicylate:

Benzyl Salicylate is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint floral odor. It is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent reminiscent of jasmine and lily of the valley.

2. Use:

Benzyl Salicylate is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a sweet, floral aroma to formulations and enhance the overall sensory experience of the product.

3. Usage Benzyl Salicylate:

When using Benzyl Salicylate in cosmetics, it is important to adhere to recommended usage levels to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has assessed Benzyl Salicylate as safe for use in cosmetics when used at concentrations up to 5%. However, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Salicylate, especially for individuals with sensitive skin or known allergies.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Safety Assessment of Benzyl Salicylate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylsal0513.pdf

- European Commission. (2018). CosIng - Cosmetic Ingredients Database. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=19285

- Personal Care Products Council. (n.d.). Benzyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ingredient-monographs/benzyl-salicylate/

Eugenol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Denaturant , Tonic

1. Definition Eugenol:

Eugenol is a naturally occurring phenylpropene compound found in essential oils such as clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. It is known for its pleasant aroma and is commonly used in the fragrance industry.

2. Use:

Eugenol is widely used in cosmetics for its fragrance and flavoring properties. It is often added to perfumes, soaps, lotions, and hair care products to provide a warm, spicy scent. Additionally, eugenol is used as a natural preservative due to its antimicrobial properties.

3. Usage Eugenol:

When using cosmetics containing eugenol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Eugenol has been identified as a contact allergen, so individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may experience adverse reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with eugenol to determine if any sensitivities exist. Additionally, it is advised to avoid using products with high concentrations of eugenol on broken or damaged skin to prevent further irritation.

4. References:

- Prashar, A., Locke, I. C., & Evans, C. S. (2006). Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells. Cell Proliferation, 39(4), 241-248.

- Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Shafi, M. P., & Kaniampady, M. M. (2006). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 16(1), 41-47.

- Valente, J., Zuzarte, M., Gonçalves, M. J., Lopes, M. C., Cavaleiro, C., Salgueiro, L., & Cruz, M. T. (2013). Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 62, 349-354.