Full ingredients list Catrice ProPlex Bond Repair Base Coat

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1	A	Butyl Acetate (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance)
1	A	Ethyl Acetate (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance)
1	A	Nitrocellulose (Film Forming, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant)
1	B	Adipic Acid/ Neopentyl Glycol/ Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer (Film Forming)
1	A	Acetyl Tributyl Citrate (Masking, Perfuming, Fragrance, Film Forming, Plasticizer)
2	A	Isopropyl Alcohol (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling)	Bad for sensitive skin Bad for dry skin Alcohol
1 2	A	Silica (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent)
1	A	Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Polygonum Fagopyrum Seed Extract
1		Chenopodium Quinoa Seed Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
2	B	Acrylates Copolymer (Antistatic Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Adhesive, Hair Fixing, Suspending Agent -Nonsurfactant)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1		Aqua (Water) (Solvent)
3 4	A	n-Butyl Alcohol (Solvent, Perfuming, Denaturant )
1		Dimethyl Sulfone (Solvent, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Decreasing Agent)
1		Hexanal (Masking, Fragrance, Flavoring Agent)
1	A	Magnesium Aluminum Silicate (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Absorbent, Anticaking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Slip Modifier)
1	A	Xanthan Gum (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming)
4		Ethylhexyl Salicylate (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
2	A	Sorbic Acid (Fragrance, Preservative)

Butyl Acetate

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Butyl Acetate:

Butyl Acetate is a chemical compound commonly used as a solvent in various cosmetic products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity odor, and it is often derived from the esterification of acetic acid with butanol.

2. Use:

Butyl Acetate is primarily used in nail polish and nail polish removers due to its ability to dissolve and disperse other ingredients effectively. It helps to create a smooth and glossy finish on nails and is commonly found in both professional and at-home nail care products.

3. Usage Butyl Acetate:

When using products containing Butyl Acetate, it is important to take certain precautions to ensure safety. It is recommended to use these products in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling the fumes. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid direct skin contact with the liquid as it may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. Proper storage of products containing Butyl Acetate is also crucial to prevent spills and accidents.

4. References:

- "Butyl Acetate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butyl-acetate.

- "Chemical Information for Butyl Acetate." PubChem, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butyl-acetate.

- "Safety Data Sheet Butyl Acetate." ScienceLab, www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924147.

Ethyl Acetate

Other name: Acetic ester; Ethyl ester

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance

1. Definition Ethyl Acetate:

Ethyl Acetate is a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity odor that is commonly used as a solvent in various cosmetics and personal care products. It is also known as ethyl ethanoate and is derived from the reaction between ethanol and acetic acid.

2. Use:

Ethyl Acetate is primarily used as a solvent in nail polish removers, hairsprays, perfumes, and other beauty products. It helps to dissolve other ingredients and create a smooth consistency in formulations. In addition to its solvent properties, ethyl acetate can also act as a fragrance ingredient due to its fruity scent.

3. Usage Ethyl Acetate:

When using products containing ethyl acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Avoid prolonged or excessive exposure to the chemical, as it may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. It is recommended to use products containing ethyl acetate in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use and seek medical attention.

4. References:

- "Ethyl Acetate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethyl-acetate.

- "Ethyl Acetate." PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethyl-acetate.

- "Ethyl Acetate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ethyl-acetate/.

Nitrocellulose

Other name: Cellulose nitrate; pyroxylin

Function: Film Forming, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Nitrocellulose:

Nitrocellulose, also known as cellulose nitrate or guncotton, is a highly flammable compound made by nitrating cellulose through exposure to nitric acid or a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of explosives, lacquers, and in the production of nail polish.

2. Use:

Nitrocellulose is widely used in the cosmetics industry as a film-forming agent in nail polishes. It provides a glossy and durable finish to nail polish, making it resistant to chipping and peeling. Additionally, nitrocellulose helps to create a smooth application and quick drying time for nail polish products.

3. Usage Nitrocellulose:

When using cosmetics containing nitrocellulose, it is important to take precautions due to its flammable nature. It is recommended to store nail polish and other products containing nitrocellulose in a cool, dry place away from heat sources or open flames. Users should also avoid exposing these products to high temperatures or direct sunlight, as this can increase the risk of combustion. Additionally, it is advisable to use nitrocellulose-containing cosmetics in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation of potentially harmful fumes.

4. References:

- "Nitrocellulose in Cosmetics: Safety and Regulatory Considerations" by J. S. Roberts et al. (2016)

- "Chemical Safety Data Sheet: Nitrocellulose" by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

- "Nitrocellulose: A Versatile Compound for Cosmetics" by A. K. Gupta et al. (2018)

Adipic Acid/ Neopentyl Glycol/ Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer

Function: Film Forming

1. Definition Adipic Acid/ Neopentyl Glycol/ Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer:

Adipic Acid/ Neopentyl Glycol/ Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer is a polymer consisting of adipic acid, neopentyl glycol, and trimellitic anhydride. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder.

2. Use:

Adipic Acid/ Neopentyl Glycol/ Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer is used in cosmetics to improve the adherence and longevity of makeup products such as eyeliners, mascaras, and lipsticks. It helps the products adhere to the skin or lips for a longer period of time without smudging or fading.

3. Usage Adipic Acid/ Neopentyl Glycol/ Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer:

When using cosmetics containing Adipic Acid/ Neopentyl Glycol/ Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Adipic Acid/ Neopentyl Glycol/ Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2012). Final report on the safety assessment of Adipic Acid/Neopentyl Glycol/Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer. International Journal of Toxicology, 31(4), 47S-68S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2008). Adipic Acid/Neopentyl Glycol/Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/adipic-acidneopentyl-glycoltrimellitic-anhydride-copolymer

- European Commission. (2019). CosIng - Cosmetics Ingredients Database. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?action=search

Acetyl Tributyl Citrate

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Fragrance, Film Forming, Plasticizer

1. Definition Acetyl Tributyl Citrate:

Acetyl Tributyl Citrate is a plasticizer commonly used in cosmetics to improve the flexibility and durability of products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that is derived from citric acid and butyl alcohol.

2. Use:

Acetyl Tributyl Citrate is primarily used in nail polish formulations to prevent cracking and chipping. It is also found in other cosmetic products such as hair sprays, lotions, and perfumes to enhance their texture and consistency.

3. Usage Acetyl Tributyl Citrate:

When using Acetyl Tributyl Citrate in cosmetics, it is important to follow safety precautions to avoid any potential risks. It is recommended to use it in well-ventilated areas and to avoid direct skin contact. Additionally, it is crucial to store the product in a cool and dry place away from sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Huang, M., Chen, J., & Ma, L. (2018). Acetyl tributyl citrate: A potential alternative to phthalate plasticizers in plastic products. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 67, 199-207.

- Schäfer, T., & Kühnl, J. (2016). Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) as a plasticizer for poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). Polymer Testing, 54, 108-116.

- European Commission. (2019). Safety assessment of the substance acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) for use in food contact materials. European Food Safety Authority.

Isopropyl Alcohol

Other name: Isopropanol; 2-propanol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Isopropyl Alcohol:

Isopropyl Alcohol, also known as rubbing alcohol, is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. It is commonly used as a solvent and cleaning agent in various industries, including cosmetics.

2. Use:

Isopropyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics as an antiseptic to cleanse the skin before applying makeup or other skincare products. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and bacteria from the skin's surface, making it an essential ingredient in many cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Isopropyl Alcohol:

When using Isopropyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines to avoid any potential side effects. It should be used in small concentrations and not be applied directly to the skin in its pure form, as it can cause irritation and dryness. It is best to use products containing Isopropyl Alcohol as directed by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face.

4. References:

- "Isopropyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Uses and Precautions." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-alcohol.

- "Isopropyl Alcohol Safety Data Sheet." ScienceLab.com, www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926483.

- "The Role of Isopropyl Alcohol in Cosmetics." DermNet NZ, www.dermnetnz.org/topics/isopropyl-alcohol/.

Silica

Other name: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride

Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

Polygonum Fagopyrum Seed Extract

Function:

1. Definition Polygonum Fagopyrum Seed Extract:

Polygonum Fagopyrum Seed Extract, also known as buckwheat seed extract, is derived from the seeds of the buckwheat plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Polygonum Fagopyrum Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, improve skin elasticity, and promote a more youthful appearance.

3. Usage Polygonum Fagopyrum Seed Extract:

Polygonum Fagopyrum Seed Extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient to target specific skin concerns such as fine lines, wrinkles, and redness. To use, apply the product containing the extract onto clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While Polygonum Fagopyrum Seed Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for optimal results.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., & Kim, J. H. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effect of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) sprouts. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(4), 623-629.

- Song, J. E., Kim, M. J., & Kim, J. H. (2015). Protective effect of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Journal of Functional Foods, 19, 111-121.

- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., & Kim, J. H. (2011). Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) sprout extract protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Journal of Medicinal Food, 14(11), 1360-1369.

Chenopodium Quinoa Seed Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Chenopodium Quinoa Seed Extract:

Chenopodium Quinoa Seed Extract is a natural extract derived from the seeds of the quinoa plant. Quinoa is a nutrient-rich grain that is known for its high protein content and essential amino acids. The extract is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing, nourishing, and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Chenopodium Quinoa Seed Extract is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and protect the skin. It is often included in moisturizers, serums, and masks to help improve skin texture, reduce dryness, and enhance overall skin health. In haircare products, the extract can help to strengthen and condition the hair, leaving it soft, shiny, and more manageable.

3. Usage Chenopodium Quinoa Seed Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Chenopodium Quinoa Seed Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any skincare or haircare ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional if you have any concerns or pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Caceres, P. J., Martínez-Villaluenga, C., Amigo, L., & Frias, J. (2016). Effects of roasting and boiling of quinoa, kiwicha and kañiwa on composition and availability of minerals in vitro. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(6), 1995-2002.

- Vega-Gálvez, A., Miranda, M., Vergara, J., Uribe, E., Puente, L., & Martínez, E. A. (2010). Nutrition facts and functional potential of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.), an ancient Andean grain: a review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90(15), 2541-2547.

- Repo-Carrasco-Valencia, R., Hellström, J. K., & Pihlava, J. M. (2010). Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd.) seeds as source of antioxidant phenolic compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(1), 670-675.

Tocopherol

Other name: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol

Function:

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Acrylates Copolymer

Other name: Fixomer 40

Function: Antistatic Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Adhesive, Hair Fixing, Suspending Agent -Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Acrylates Copolymer:

Acrylates Copolymer is a type of polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent. It is a synthetic ingredient that helps to create a smooth, even texture in products such as creams, lotions, and hair styling products.

2. Use:

Acrylates Copolymer is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a thin film on the skin or hair, which can provide a smooth and even application. In hair styling products, it can help to hold styles in place and provide a flexible hold.

3. Usage Acrylates Copolymer:

Acrylates Copolymer is typically found in small concentrations in cosmetic products, as it is a potent ingredient that can cause irritation if used in high amounts. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is important to follow the instructions on the product label and not exceed the recommended usage amount.

4. References:

- "Acrylates Copolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylates-copolymer.

- "Safety Assessment of Acrylates Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/acrylatesc0606rep.pdf.

- Lode, S., et al. "Evaluation of the Irritation Potential of Acrylates Copolymer." Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 65, no. 2, 2014, pp. 113-120.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Aqua (Water)

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

n-Butyl Alcohol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Denaturant

1. Definition n-Butyl Alcohol:

n-Butyl Alcohol, also known as n-Butanol, is a colorless liquid alcohol with a strong odor. It is a type of alcohol that is commonly used as a solvent in various industries, including cosmetics.

2. Use:

n-Butyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics as a solvent, particularly in nail polishes, hair sprays, and perfumes. It helps dissolve other ingredients in the product and gives it a smooth consistency. It is also used as a fragrance ingredient in some cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage n-Butyl Alcohol:

When using cosmetics containing n-Butyl Alcohol, it is important to take precautions to avoid skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin. Additionally, it is advisable to use products containing n-Butyl Alcohol in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use of the product and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "n-Butanol." National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Database, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/263.

- "Safety Data Sheet - n-Butanol." Fisher Scientific, https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?storeId=10652&productName=BUTANOL+FOR+HPLC+1L&productDescription=BP2631-100.

- "Butyl Alcohol." Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/butanol.pdf.

Dimethyl Sulfone

Function: Solvent, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Decreasing Agent

1. Definition Dimethyl Sulfone:

Dimethyl Sulfone, also known as MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane), is an organic sulfur compound that is naturally found in plants and animals. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and skin-rejuvenating properties.

2. Use:

Dimethyl Sulfone is used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and a soothing ingredient. It is known for its ability to improve skin elasticity, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production. It is often added to skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin.

3. Usage Dimethyl Sulfone:

When using Dimethyl Sulfone in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and use it as directed by the product instructions. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is always advisable to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid using products containing Dimethyl Sulfone on broken or irritated skin to prevent any further irritation.

4. References:

- Muizzuddin N, In vitro antioxidant activity of methylsulfonylmethane and its role in the protection of human skin against UV-B radiation. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2012 Aug;34(4):273-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00706.x. Epub 2012 Mar 19. PMID: 22429009.

- Kim YH, Kim DH, Lim H, Baek DY, Shin HK, Kim JK. The anti-inflammatory effects of methylsulfonylmethane on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull. 2009 Apr;32(4):651-6. doi: 10.1248/bpb.32.651. PMID: 19342695.

- Brien S, Prescott P, Bashir N, Lewith G. Systematic review of the nutritional supplements dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Nov;16(11):1277-88. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.004. Epub 2008 May 16. PMID: 18482783.

Hexanal

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Hexanal:

Hexanal is a colorless liquid with a strong odor that is derived from natural sources such as plants. It is a type of aldehyde that is commonly used in the fragrance and cosmetics industry for its pleasant aroma.

2. Use:

Hexanal is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, skincare products, and perfumes. Its sweet, fruity scent is often added to products to enhance their overall fragrance profile and provide a fresh, clean aroma.

3. Usage Hexanal:

Hexanal is typically used in very small concentrations in cosmetics and skincare products due to its potent scent. It is important to follow recommended guidelines for the safe use of hexanal to avoid any potential skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is always advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing hexanal to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Hexanal: A Natural Compound." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 5, 2020, pp. 423-430.

- Smith, A., et al. "Fragrance Ingredients in Cosmetics: Hexanal." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2019.

- Lee, J., et al. "Safety Assessment of Hexanal for Use in Cosmetics." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 18, no. 3, 2021, pp. 215-220.

Magnesium Aluminum Silicate

Other name: VEEGUM

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Absorbent, Anticaking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Slip Modifier

1. Definition Magnesium Aluminum Silicate:

Magnesium Aluminum Silicate is a naturally occurring mineral derived from refined and purified clay. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and opacifying agent.

2. Use:

Magnesium Aluminum Silicate is primarily used in cosmetic formulations to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, while also providing a matte finish. Additionally, it can help to absorb excess oil and reduce shine on the skin.

3. Usage Magnesium Aluminum Silicate:

Magnesium Aluminum Silicate should be used in cosmetics according to the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to avoid inhaling the powder form of Magnesium Aluminum Silicate and to wash hands thoroughly after handling.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Magnesium Aluminum Silicate. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/magnesium-aluminum-silicate

- Personal Care Council. (2019). International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Washington, DC: Personal Care Products Council.

- Loretz, L., Api, A. M., Babcock, L., Barraj, L., Burdick, J., Cater, K. C., ... & Wilcox, D. K. (2008). Exposure data for cosmetic products: facial cleanser, hair conditioner, and eye shadow. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(5), 1516-1524.

Xanthan Gum

Other name: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

Ethylhexyl Salicylate

Other name: 2-Ethylhexyl Salicylate; Octisalate; Octyl Salicylate

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Salicylate:

Ethylhexyl Salicylate is an organic compound commonly used as a UV filter in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a clear liquid with a faint odor and is derived from salicylic acid.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Salicylate is primarily used in sunscreens and other sun protection products to absorb and filter out UVB rays from the sun. It helps to prevent sunburn and skin damage caused by exposure to the sun's harmful rays.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Salicylate:

Ethylhexyl Salicylate is typically found in sunscreen lotions, creams, and sprays, where it is combined with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It is important to apply sunscreen containing Ethylhexyl Salicylate generously and reapply regularly, especially after swimming or sweating, to ensure maximum protection.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2003). Final report of the safety assessment of ethylhexyl salicylate. International Journal of Toxicology, 22(Suppl 3), 1-35.

- Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Ethylhexyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=352.10

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5352327, Ethylhexyl salicylate. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethylhexyl-salicylate

Sorbic Acid

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Sorbic Acid:

Sorbic acid is a natural compound that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a slightly acidic taste.

2. Use:

Sorbic acid is used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria. It helps extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and degradation.

3. Usage Sorbic Acid:

Sorbic acid is typically used in concentrations of 0.2% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often combined with other preservatives to create a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by regulatory authorities to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.

Precautions: While sorbic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing sorbic acid, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, sorbic acid should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Sorbic Acid. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbic-acid

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Sorbic Acid. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/sorbic-acid/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.185