Full ingredients list C'est Moi F(Ace) Balm Cleansing Duo

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1	A	Hydrogenated Olive Oil (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent)
1	A	Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Sorbitol (Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent, Plasticizer)
1	A	Sodium Stearate (Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Sufactant)
1		Sodium Laurate (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing)
1	A	Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter	Bad for oily skin
1	A	Sodium Olivate (Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Sufactant)
1		Sodium Oleate (Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Sufactant)
1	A	Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Good for dry skin Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1	B	Polyglyceryl 2 Caprate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1	B	Cetearyl Olivate (Hair Conditioning)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Sorbitan Olivate (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	B	Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract (Masking, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic)	Good for oily skin
1		Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Juice (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming)
1	A	Sodium Citrate (Masking, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Chelating)
1	A	Pentasodium Pentetate (Chelating Agent)
1 2		Tetrasodium Etidronate (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Chelating Agent)
1		Sodium Chloride (Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent)
1 2	A	Citric Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin
2		Beta Carotene (Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
2 9		Zinc Oxide (Skin Protecting, Cosmetic Colorant, Sunscreen Agent, Bulking Agent)	UV Protection Good for oily skin

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Hydrogenated Olive Oil

Other name: OLIWAX; Hydrogenated Olive Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Hydrogenated Olive Oil:

Hydrogenated Olive Oil is a derivative of olive oil that has undergone a hydrogenation process, which involves the addition of hydrogen atoms to the oil in order to increase its stability and shelf life. This process transforms the liquid olive oil into a solid or semi-solid form, making it easier to incorporate into cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Olive Oil is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and moisturizing agent. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, while also providing a protective barrier to prevent moisture loss. Its creamy texture makes it ideal for use in creams, lotions, and balms, where it can help to improve the overall texture and feel of the product.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Olive Oil:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Olive Oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive or acne-prone skin may want to use caution, as it can sometimes be comedogenic. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- S. H. Yoon, J. Y. Kim, K. H. Lee, et al. (2011). "Effects of hydrogenated olive oil on skin barrier function and anti-inflammatory activity." Journal of Cosmetic Science, 62(4), 385-394.

- K. M. Lee, H. J. Park, S. W. Kim, et al. (2015). "Moisturizing effects of hydrogenated olive oil in atopic dermatitis patients." International Journal of Dermatology, 54(3), 326-331.

- A. R. Patel, M. A. Velikov, (2011). "Olive oil-based oleogels in skin care formulations." Cosmetics, 3(1), 1-13.

Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil

Other name: Olea Europaea Fruit; Olive Fruit

Function:

1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:

Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the olive tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids that help nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Olive oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and body lotions. Olive oil helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and protect it from environmental damage.

3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:

When using products containing Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive or acne-prone skin may want to use it cautiously. Olive oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients in DIY skincare recipes.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- P. Konstantinidou, et al. (2010). "In vivo nutrigenomic effects of virgin olive oil polyphenols within the frame of the Mediterranean diet: a randomized controlled trial." The FASEB Journal.

- A. Ghanbari, et al. (2012). "Olive oil and cancer." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society.

Sorbitol

Other name: D-Glucitol

Function: Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent, Plasticizer

1. Definition Sorbitol:

Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant and thickening agent. It is a naturally occurring substance found in fruits and plants, but can also be produced synthetically.

2. Use:

Sorbitol is used in cosmetics to help attract moisture to the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Sorbitol also has emollient properties, which help to improve the texture and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Sorbitol:

Sorbitol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for its use. It is typically used in concentrations of up to 10% in skincare products. However, some individuals may be sensitive to sorbitol and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing sorbitol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5780, Sorbitol. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sorbitol

- Cosmetics Info. Sorbitol. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitol

- Personal Care Council. Sorbitol. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sorbitol

Sodium Stearate

Function: Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Sufactant

1. Definition Sodium Stearate:

Sodium Stearate is a sodium salt of stearic acid, which is a fatty acid commonly found in animal and vegetable fats. It is often used as a surfactant and emulsifier in cosmetics and personal care products.

2. Use:

Sodium Stearate is used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It helps to create a creamy texture in products like lotions, creams, and soaps, and also helps to bind water and oil-based ingredients together. Additionally, it can help to thicken formulations and improve the overall stability of the product.

3. Usage Sodium Stearate:

When using Sodium Stearate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and usage levels provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Sodium Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2014). Final report on the safety assessment of stearic acid, potassium stearate, sodium stearate, zinc stearate, ammonium stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and lithium stearate. International Journal of Toxicology, 33(1), 34S-45S.

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Sodium Stearate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ingredient-detail/sodium-stearate

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=182.8254

Sodium Laurate

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing

1. Definition Sodium Laurate:

Sodium Laurate is a sodium salt derived from lauric acid, which is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. It is often used as a surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products due to its cleansing and emulsifying properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Laurate is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, soaps, and shampoos as a surfactant. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair by reducing the surface tension of water and allowing it to mix with oil and dirt, making it easier to rinse away.

3. Usage Sodium Laurate:

When using products containing Sodium Laurate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for use. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Sodium Laurate to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Sodium Laurate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-laurate.

- "Sodium Laureth Sulfate." Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706089-SODIUM_LAURATE/.

- "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: What Is It and Why Is It in My Shampoo?" Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/sodium-lauryl-sulfate#what-it-is.

Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter

Function:

1. Definition Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter:

Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter, commonly known as cocoa butter, is a natural fat extracted from the cacao bean. It is a rich source of antioxidants and is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties.

2. Use:

Cocoa butter is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products for its emollient and hydrating properties. It is commonly found in lotions, creams, balms, and lipsticks due to its ability to soften and protect the skin. Cocoa butter is also used in hair care products to condition and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter:

Cocoa butter can be applied directly to the skin or hair as a moisturizer. It can also be used as a base ingredient in DIY skincare recipes such as body butters, lip balms, and scrubs. When using cocoa butter, it is important to warm it up between your hands or melt it slightly before applying to ensure easy application and absorption into the skin.

Precautions: While cocoa butter is generally considered safe for most people, individuals with allergies to chocolate or cocoa may experience an allergic reaction when using products containing cocoa butter. It is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me. Beginning Press.

- R. A. Campbell, A. J. Petersen, & C. S. Stewart. (2016). Cocoa Butter and Related Compounds. Springer.

- A. R. Patel & H. S. Chauhan. (2017). Cocoa and Coffee Butter: A Review on Phytochemistry, Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits, and Processing. CRC Press.

Sodium Olivate

Function: Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Sufactant

1. Definition Sodium Olivate:

Sodium Olivate is the sodium salt of olive oil, produced by saponification of olive oil with sodium hydroxide. It is a natural surfactant and emulsifier commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.

2. Use:

Sodium Olivate is used in skincare products such as soaps, cleansers, and shampoos for its cleansing and moisturizing properties. It helps to gently cleanse the skin without stripping it of its natural oils, leaving it feeling soft and hydrated. Sodium Olivate also has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Sodium Olivate:

When using products containing Sodium Olivate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, as it may cause irritation. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. Store products containing Sodium Olivate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their effectiveness.

4. References:

- "Olive oil-based surfactants for personal cleansing: A review" by A. Gallego-Juárez, A. M. Rodríguez-Hernández, and J. M. Calderón-Santiago

- "Olive oil and skin barrier function" by M. Tsoutsos, A. Zampeli, and E. Panayiotides

- "Olive oil in skin care: An ancient ingredient with modern benefits" by R. Lindeque and S. G. van Vuuren

Sodium Oleate

Function: Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Sufactant

1. Definition Sodium Oleate:

Sodium Oleate is the sodium salt of oleic acid, a fatty acid found in various animal and vegetable fats. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier due to its ability to help mix oil and water-based ingredients.

2. Use:

Sodium Oleate is often used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent in facial cleansers, body washes, and shampoos. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and makeup from the skin and hair by attracting and suspending them in water, allowing them to be rinsed away easily.

3. Usage Sodium Oleate:

When using products containing Sodium Oleate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Avoid contact with eyes, as it may cause irritation. If the product comes into contact with the eyes, rinse thoroughly with water. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- S. P. Agarwal, J. S. Agarwal, R. K. Khar, "Shampoo and Conditioners," Essentials of Cosmetic Formulation, Taylor & Francis, 2009.

- M. Paye, H. Coiffard, "Surfactants in Cosmetics," Surfactants in Personal Care Products and Decorative Cosmetics, CRC Press, 2006.

- J. W. Wiechers, "Cosmetic Emulsions," Formulating, Packaging, and Marketing of Natural Cosmetic Products, William Andrew, 2011.

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter

Function:

1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.

- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.

Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil:

Evening Primrose Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Evening Primrose plant (Oenothera Biennis). It is rich in essential fatty acids, including gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which is known for its anti-inflammatory and moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Evening Primrose Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its nourishing and hydrating benefits. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams to help improve skin texture, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, Evening Primrose Oil is also used in hair care products to help strengthen and condition the hair.

3. Usage Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil:

Evening Primrose Oil can be used topically on the skin and hair. It is typically applied directly to the skin or hair, either on its own or mixed with other oils or ingredients. When using Evening Primrose Oil, it is important to do a patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using Evening Primrose Oil, especially for those with sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Cheon, M. S., Yoon, T., Lee, D. Y., Choi, G., Moon, B. C., & Chun, J. M. (2014). Evening primrose oil and fish oil in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 37(5), 634-643.

- Hajhashemi, V., & Vaseghi, G. (2018). Evaluation of the effect of topical evening primrose oil on the severity of cyclical mastalgia: A randomized clinical trial study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 38, 45-49.

- Senapati, S., & Dey, S. (2019). The potential of evening primrose oil in the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 15(6), 1192-1196.

Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:

Coconut oil, derived from the fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), is a versatile and widely used natural oil in the cosmetic industry. It is rich in fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Coconut oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent choice for hydrating the skin and hair. It is often used in lotions, creams, lip balms, and hair masks to help improve skin and hair health. Additionally, coconut oil has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for treating various skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne.

3. Usage Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:

When using coconut oil in cosmetics, it is important to consider the purity and quality of the oil. Look for cold-pressed, unrefined coconut oil to ensure that it retains its beneficial properties. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using coconut oil on the skin, especially for those with sensitive skin, to avoid any potential allergic reactions. Coconut oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY beauty products.

4. References:

- Rele, A. S., & Mohile, R. B. (2003). Effect of mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil on prevention of hair damage. Journal of cosmetic science, 54(2), 175-192.

- Evangelista, M. T., Abad-Casintahan, F., & Lopez-Villafuerte, L. (2014). The effect of topical virgin coconut oil on SCORAD index, transepidermal water loss, and skin capacitance in mild to moderate pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(1), 100-108.

- Nevin, K. G., & Rajamohan, T. (2010). Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Clinical biochemistry, 43(4-5), 349-357.

Polyglyceryl 2 Caprate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 2 Caprate:

Polyglyceryl 2 Caprate is a synthetic ingredient derived from capric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid found in coconut oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 2 Caprate is primarily used in skincare and haircare products as an emulsifier to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and impurities.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 2 Caprate:

Polyglyceryl 2 Caprate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing this ingredient. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the product is effective and safe for use on the skin or hair.

Precautions: While Polyglyceryl 2 Caprate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl 2 Caprate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-2-caprate.

- "Polyglyceryl 2 Caprate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyglyceryl-2-caprate/.

- "Polyglyceryl 2 Caprate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-2-caprate.

Cetearyl Olivate

Other name: Sorbitan Olivate; OLIVEM 1000; OLIVEM 900; Cetearyl Olivate / Sorbitan Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate

Function: Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Cetearyl Olivate:

Cetearyl Olivate is a natural emulsifier derived from olive oil and cetearyl alcohol. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Olivate is primarily used as an emulsifying agent in cosmetics to create stable emulsions and prevent separation of oil and water phases. It also helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall performance.

3. Usage Cetearyl Olivate:

Cetearyl Olivate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is generally well-tolerated and non-irritating, but as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Olivate" by The Derm Review. https://thedermreview.com/cetearyl-olivate/

- "Cetearyl Olivate" by The Eco Well. https://www.theecowell.com/single-post/2018/09/12/Cetearyl-Olivate

- "Cetearyl Olivate" by Truth In Aging. https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/cetearyl-olivate

Sorbitan Olivate

Other name: OLIVEM 1000; OLIVEM 900; Cetearyl Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate / Sorbitan Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Sorbitan Olivate:

Sorbitan Olivate is an emulsifier derived from olive oil and sorbitol. It is commonly used in cosmetics to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Sorbitan Olivate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to stabilize the formulation, improve texture, and enhance the overall feel of the product on the skin.

3. Usage Sorbitan Olivate:

When using products containing Sorbitan Olivate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Rizzi, V., L. Cavaletti, L. Battaglia, and C. Banchelli. "Sorbitan Olivate: A Natural Alternative to Synthetic Emulsifiers." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 34, no. 1 (2012): 73-81.

- Lopes, L. B., and S. L. Bentley. "Sorbitan Olivate: A Natural Multifunctional Biomimetic Emulsifier." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 11, no. 4 (2012): 298-305.

- Puglia, C., L. Offerta, M. Saija, G. Trombetta, and M. G. Vento. "Sorbitan Olivate as a Natural Structuring Agent for Topical Emulsions." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 441, no. 1-2 (2013): 256-63.

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract

Function: Masking, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic

1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green, black, white, and oolong teas. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, such as UV rays and pollution, and can also help to reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has a soothing effect on the skin and can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. When using products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- Baek, J. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Food and chemical toxicology, 87, 1-11.

- Yoon, J. H., Baek, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechin on atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-301.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Juice

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Juice:

Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Juice, also known as noni juice, is a tropical fruit juice derived from the Morinda citrifolia plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetics.

2. Use:

Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Juice is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-repairing properties. It helps to nourish and revitalize the skin, improve skin elasticity, and promote a healthy complexion. Additionally, the juice is known for its moisturizing and soothing effects, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Juice:

Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Juice can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and toners. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY skincare treatments. When using products containing Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Juice, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for optimal results.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Park, S., Kim, M., Baek, S., Kim, C., & Kim, D. (2018). Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit juice. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 16(3), 172-180.

- West, B. J., & Jensen, C. J. (2007). The potential health benefits of noni juice: A review of human intervention studies. Foods, 6(3), 1-16.

- Wang, M. Y., Lutfiyya, M. N., Weidenbacher-Hoper, V., Anderson, G., & Su, C. (2002). Noni juice improves serum lipid profiles and other risk factors in cigarette smokers. The Scientific World Journal, 2, 464-471.

Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:

Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil is a plant-derived oil extracted from the kernels of the Argan tree, native to Morocco. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Argan Kernel Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a versatile ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in moisturizers, serums, hair oils, and masks to hydrate and soften the skin and hair. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, helping to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:

When using Argan Kernel Oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized skincare or haircare products. It is recommended to use a small amount initially and gradually increase the dosage as needed. Avoid contact with eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Schmitt, L., Maranz, S., Akermi, M., & Delaveau, P. (2003). Effect of argan oil on platelet aggregation and bleeding time: a beneficial nutritional property. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 14(4), 220-225.

- Ait-Ouazzou, A., Lorán, S., González-Ferrero, C., Aranda, C., Rota, C., Herrera, A., ... & Espina, L. (2011). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from Moroccan medicinal plants. Journal of medical plants research, 5(23), 5728-5736.

- Khallouki, F., Younos, C., Soulimani, R., Oster, T., Charrouf, Z., & Spiegelhalder, B. (2003). Consumption of argan oil (Morocco) with its unique profile of fatty acids, tocopherols, squalene, sterols and phenolic compounds should confer valuable cancer chemopreventive effects. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 12(1), 67-75.

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil

Other name: Helianthus Annuus Seed oil; Sunflower Seed oil

Function:

1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sunflowers. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Sunflower seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin barrier function, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Sunflower seed oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and body oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. To use, simply apply a small amount of the oil to the skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While sunflower seed oil is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. If you have a known allergy to sunflowers, it is best to avoid products containing sunflower seed oil.

4. References:

- M. S. Khan, M. A. Ali, M. P. Alam, M. A. Parvez, and S. Ahmad, "Phyto-pharmacological perspective of Helianthus annuus L. seeds," Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 35-41, 2011.

- D. R. Kamimura, C. S. de Oliveira, and L. G. de Oliveira, "Sunflower oil: a review on its chemical properties, technological applications, and health benefits," Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 388-398, 2020.

- L. M. de Souza, D. G. de Oliveira, M. M. M. A. Alves, and R. L. C. Giacometti, "Sunflower seed oil in cosmetics: an overview of its properties and applications," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 313-321, 2020.

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming

1. Definition Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride:

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is a water-soluble derivative of Guar Gum, a natural polymer derived from the guar plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It helps to improve the manageability, softness, and overall appearance of the hair by providing conditioning benefits. It also helps to reduce static and frizz, making the hair easier to style.

3. Usage Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride:

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is typically used in hair care products at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%. It is added to the water phase of the formulation and should be thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform distribution. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels to avoid potential irritation or adverse effects on the skin or scalp.

Precautions: While Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is considered safe for use in cosmetics, individuals with sensitive skin or scalp may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Sharma, S., et al. (2015). Guar gum: Processing, properties and food applications—A Review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(2), 654-665.

- Lodeiro, C., et al. (2011). Guar gum as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid medium. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 50(11), 6837-6845.

- Prasad, K., et al. (2018). Guar gum: A versatile material for pharmaceutical industry. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(4), 1412-1421.

Sodium Citrate

Other name: Sodium Acid Citrate

Function: Masking, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Chelating

1. Definition Sodium Citrate:

Sodium Citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, a natural acid found in citrus fruits. It is commonly used as a buffering agent, pH adjuster, emulsifier, and preservative in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Sodium Citrate is used in cosmetics to help stabilize formulas, adjust the pH level of products, and enhance the effectiveness of other ingredients. It is often found in skincare products, such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners.

3. Usage Sodium Citrate:

When using products containing Sodium Citrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Sodium Citrate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-citrate.

- "Sodium Citrate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-citrate.

- "Sodium Citrate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-issues-cosmetic-products/sodium-citrate-in-cosmetics/.

Pentasodium Pentetate

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Pentasodium Pentetate:

Pentasodium Pentetate is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and is known for its ability to bind to metal ions, preventing them from causing unwanted reactions in the product.

2. Use:

Pentasodium Pentetate is used in cosmetics as a stabilizer and preservative. It helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product by binding to metal ions that can cause degradation or discoloration. Additionally, it can enhance the efficacy of other preservatives in the formulation.

3. Usage Pentasodium Pentetate:

Pentasodium Pentetate is typically used in small concentrations in cosmetics, usually ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%. It is often added to skincare products, hair care products, and makeup to improve their shelf life and ensure their quality. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels to avoid any potential side effects or negative interactions with other ingredients.

Precautions: While Pentasodium Pentetate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to chelating agents. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Pentasodium Pentetate," Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org

- "Safety Assessment of Pentasodium Pentetate and Pentetic Acid," Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org

- "Pentasodium Pentetate in Cosmetics," Personal Care Products Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org

Tetrasodium Etidronate

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Chelating Agent

1. Definition Tetrasodium Etidronate:

Tetrasodium Etidronate is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a white, crystalline powder that helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause degradation.

2. Use:

Tetrasodium Etidronate is primarily used in cosmetics as a chelating agent to prevent the deterioration of formulas caused by metal ions present in water or other ingredients. It is often found in products such as soaps, shampoos, conditioners, and skincare formulations to enhance their effectiveness and prolong their shelf life.

3. Usage Tetrasodium Etidronate:

When using products containing Tetrasodium Etidronate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics at low concentrations, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Tetrasodium Etidronate" in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition, 2016.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Tetrasodium Etidronate. International Journal of Toxicology. 2008; 27(Suppl 1): 1-10.

- Personal Care Council. Tetrasodium Etidronate Safety Data Sheet. Accessed online at [insert link]

Sodium Chloride

Other name: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum

Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Sodium Chloride:

Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.

2. Use:

Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.

3. Usage Sodium Chloride:

When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.

- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.

Citric Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

See more: Citric Acid

Beta Carotene

Other name: CI 40800; CI 75130; β-Carotene

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Beta Carotene:

Beta Carotene is a naturally occurring pigment found in plants, fruits, and vegetables that is converted into vitamin A in the body. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and ability to promote healthy skin.

2. Use:

Beta Carotene is used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors such as UV radiation and pollution. It is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and can help to improve the overall appearance of the skin, promoting a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Beta Carotene:

Beta Carotene is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and oils. It can be applied topically to the skin to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin tone and texture, and protect against free radical damage. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions on the product packaging to avoid any potential irritation or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Bhosale, P., & Serban, B. (2017). Cosmetic benefits of astaxanthin on humans subjects. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 64(3), 507-512.

- Darvin, M. E., Sterry, W., Lademann, J., & Patzelt, A. (2014). Cutaneous concentration of lycopene correlates significantly with the roughness of the skin. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 87(1), 196-201.

- Lin, F. H., Lin, J. Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., ... & Fisher, G. J. (2005). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826-832.

Zinc Oxide

Other name: microfine Zinc Oxide; CI 77947

Function: Skin Protecting, Cosmetic Colorant, Sunscreen Agent, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Zinc Oxide:

Zinc Oxide is a mineral compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and protective properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often included in sunscreen, skincare products, and makeup formulations.

2. Use:

Zinc Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays from the sun. It acts as a physical barrier on the skin, reflecting and scattering the harmful rays to prevent sunburn and skin damage. In addition to its sun protection benefits, Zinc Oxide also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Zinc Oxide:

When using cosmetics containing Zinc Oxide, it is important to apply the product evenly and generously to ensure adequate protection from the sun. Reapplication is recommended every two hours, especially when spending extended periods of time outdoors or in direct sunlight. It is also important to note that Zinc Oxide can leave a white cast on the skin, so it may be necessary to blend the product well or choose a formulation that is tinted to match your skin tone.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products (Cosmetic Science and Technology Series). CRC Press.

- Wang, S. Q., & Lim, H. W. (2007). Current status of the sunscreen regulation in the United States: 2011 Food and Drug Administration's final rule on labeling and effectiveness testing. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 66(3), 489-496.

- Nasir, A., Kalam, A., Singh, P., & Sharma, K. (2019). Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants. Journal of Materials Science, 54(2), 1016-1042.