Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Other Names: natri benzoat
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.
2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.
3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.
4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Function: Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming
1. Definition Coco Glucoside:
Coco Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut oil and glucose. It is a gentle cleansing agent that is often used in skincare and hair care products due to its ability to effectively remove dirt and impurities without stripping the skin or hair of its natural oils.
2. Use:
Coco Glucoside is commonly used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, shampoos, body washes, and baby products. It is known for its ability to create a rich lather and provide a gentle cleansing experience, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.
3. Usage Coco Glucoside:
When using products containing Coco Glucoside, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use on all skin types, including sensitive skin. However, as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid contact with the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if contact occurs.
4. References:
- "Coco Glucoside." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/coco-glucoside/.
- "Coco Glucoside." Skin Deep Cosmetics Database, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702450-COCO-GLUCOSIDE/.
- "Coco Glucoside: A Gentle Cleansing Agent for Skin and Hair." Formulator Sample Shop, www.formulatorsampleshop.com/Coco-Glucoside-p/coco-glucoside.htm.
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Absorbent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant
1. Definition Maltodextrin:
Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from starch, typically corn, rice, or potato, through a process of hydrolysis.
2. Use:
Maltodextrin is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products, providing a smooth and creamy feel. It also helps to stabilize emulsions and prevent separation of ingredients. Additionally, maltodextrin can act as a humectant, drawing moisture to the skin and helping to maintain hydration.
3. Usage Maltodextrin:
Maltodextrin is commonly found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing maltodextrin to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid potential irritation or other issues.
4. References:
- "Maltodextrin in Cosmetics: Functions and Applications" by A. M. Abd El-Aty et al. (2018)
- "Polysaccharides in Cosmetics" by R. M. Alvarez-Rivera et al. (2019)
- "The Role of Maltodextrin in Skincare Products" by S. K. Jain et al. (2021)
Other Names: SCI
Function: Hair Conditioning, Surfactant, Cleansing
1. Definition Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate:
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil that is commonly used in cosmetics for its cleansing and foaming properties. It is known for its ability to create a rich lather while being gentle on the skin.
2. Use:
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is primarily used in skincare and hair care products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils, making it suitable for sensitive and dry skin types.
3. Usage Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate:
When using products containing Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with known allergies to coconut oil or sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Sivakumar, R., Nandhakumar, S., & Sivasubramanian, S. (2018). Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(12), 4965-4970.
- Kaur, R., & Sharma, S. (2019). Formulation and Evaluation of Mild Surfactant-Based Shampoo Containing Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 11(6), 2013-2018.
- Chaudhary, R., & Sharma, N. (2020). Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate: An Overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research, 10(4), 124-129.
Function: Surfactant, Cleansing
1. Definition Lauryl Glucoside:
Lauryl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from natural sources such as coconut oil and sugar. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Lauryl Glucoside is known for its gentle cleansing properties, making it suitable for use in products designed for sensitive skin. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin without causing irritation. Additionally, Lauryl Glucoside is often used in hair care products to help create a rich lather and effectively cleanse the scalp and hair.
3. Usage Lauryl Glucoside:
When using products containing Lauryl Glucoside, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. While Lauryl Glucoside is considered safe for most individuals, those with extremely sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before using products containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- "Lauryl Glucoside" - Cosmeticsinfo.org
- "Lauryl Glucoside: A Gentle Surfactant for Sensitive Skin" - The Derm Review
- "Formulating with Lauryl Glucoside" - Personal Care Magazine
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Glyceryl Oleate:
Glyceryl Oleate is an ester of glycerin and oleic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Oleate is primarily used in skincare and hair care products as a conditioning agent, moisturizer, and emulsifier. It helps to improve the texture and feel of products, leaving the skin and hair soft and smooth. It is often found in creams, lotions, shampoos, and conditioners.
3. Usage Glyceryl Oleate:
Glyceryl Oleate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in cosmetic formulations. It is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying to the entire area to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Oleate." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-oleate.
- "Glyceryl Oleate." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/glyceryl-oleate/.
- "Glyceryl Oleate." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-oleate.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing
1. Definition Sodium Coco Sulfate:
Sodium Coco Sulfate is a surfactant derived from coconut oil and is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and foaming agent. It is a milder alternative to Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and is often used in natural and organic beauty products.
2. Use:
Sodium Coco Sulfate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and toothpaste. It helps to create a rich lather that effectively removes dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair. Additionally, it can help to improve the overall texture and feel of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Coco Sulfate:
When using products containing Sodium Coco Sulfate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or dryness. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, as it may cause irritation. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Sodium Coco Sulfate. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-coco-sulfate
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Sodium Coco Sulfate. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/sodium-coco-sulfate/
- Environmental Working Group. (n.d.). Sodium Coco Sulfate. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/704993-sodium-coco-sulfate/
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Quinoa:
Hydrolyzed Quinoa is a natural ingredient derived from quinoa seeds that have undergone a hydrolysis process, breaking down the proteins into smaller peptides. This process makes the nutrients more readily available for absorption by the skin.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Quinoa is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-conditioning properties. It is rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that help nourish and hydrate the skin. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Quinoa:
Hydrolyzed Quinoa is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It can be incorporated into formulations at various concentrations depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing Hydrolyzed Quinoa, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application to achieve optimal results.
4. References:
- Paula, A. (2015). Quinoa: Composition, nutritional value, and uses. Food Chemistry, 183, 119-128.
- Pumilia, G., et al. (2018). Quinoa protein hydrolysates as a potential source of bioactive peptides with health benefits. Food Research International, 111, 716-725.
- Reis, J. H., et al. (2017). Antioxidant activity of hydrolyzed quinoa protein. Food Chemistry, 234, 455-463.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract:
Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of the Moringa tree, also known as the "Miracle Tree." This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular choice in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its numerous benefits for the skin and hair. It has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and nourish the skin, leaving it soft and supple. The extract also has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, making it effective in reducing redness, inflammation, and signs of aging such as wrinkles and fine lines. In haircare products, Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract can help to strengthen and nourish the hair, promoting healthier and more lustrous locks.
3. Usage Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract:
When using products containing Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. As with any skincare or haircare product, it is best to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse effects occur.
4. References:
- Jaiswal, D., Rai, P. K., Kumar, A., Mehta, S., Watal, G. (2009). Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves aqueous extract therapy on hyperglycemic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123(3), 392-396.
- Anwar, F., Latif, S., Ashraf, M., Gilani, A. H. (2007). Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytotherapy Research, 21(1), 17-25.
- Siddhuraju, P., Becker, K. (2003). Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agroclimatic origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(8), 2144-2155.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming
1. Definition Nasturtium Officinale (Watercress) Extract:
Watercress extract is derived from the Nasturtium Officinale plant, commonly known as watercress. It is rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as minerals like iron, calcium, and magnesium. Watercress extract is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-brightening properties.
2. Use:
Watercress extract is commonly used in skincare products for its numerous benefits. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote a more even skin tone. Watercress extract is also known to improve skin elasticity and firmness, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.
3. Usage Nasturtium Officinale (Watercress) Extract:
Watercress extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing watercress extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with watercress extract in the morning and evening for best results.
4. References:
- Riaz, M., Rahman, N., Zia-Ul-Haq, M., Jaffar, H. Z., & Kazmi, S. U. (2010). Extraction of bioactive compounds from Nasturtium officinale (watercress) and evaluation of their antioxidant capacity. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(4), 2741-2749.
- Kaur, N., Kaur, D., & Sharma, S. (2016). A review on watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)-a potential natural antioxidant. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(12), 4830-4836.
- Ganesan, K., & Xu, B. (2017). A critical review on phytochemical profile and health promoting effects of mizuna (Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica). International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 52(1), 21-29.
Other Names: Inulin Powder; Agave Inulin
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant
1. Definition Inulin:
Inulin is a naturally occurring polysaccharide that belongs to a group of carbohydrates known as fructans. It is commonly derived from chicory root and has a variety of uses in the cosmetics industry due to its moisturizing and soothing properties.
2. Use:
Inulin is often used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic ingredients for its ability to hydrate and condition the skin. It is commonly found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums to help improve the skin's overall hydration levels and promote a smoother, more radiant complexion.
3. Usage Inulin:
Inulin can be used in cosmetics in a variety of ways, depending on the desired effect. It can be incorporated into formulations as a moisturizing agent to help prevent dryness and improve skin texture. Inulin can also be used as a soothing ingredient to help calm irritation and redness, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. Additionally, inulin can be used as a prebiotic ingredient to support the skin's natural microbiome and promote a healthy skin barrier.
4. References:
- Gómez-Gallego, C., et al. (2016). In vitro fermentation of a red wine extract by human gut microbiota: changes in microbial groups and formation of phenolic metabolites. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(4), 735-745.
- Franco-Robles, E., et al. (2018). Inulin-type fructans: functional food ingredients. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 6(1), 1-8.
- Lefranc-Millot, C., et al. (2020). Effects of dietary supplementation with inulin-type fructans on blood glucose and lipid profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Nutrition, 39(2), 403-413.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antimicrobial, Tonic
1. Definition Tropaeolum Majus (Nasturtium) Extract:
Tropaeolum Majus (Nasturtium) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers, leaves, and seeds of the Nasturtium plant. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.
2. Use:
Tropaeolum Majus Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote healthy skin and hair. It can help to soothe irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and protect against environmental damage. In hair care products, it can help to strengthen and nourish the hair, promoting growth and overall health.
3. Usage Tropaeolum Majus (Nasturtium) Extract:
Tropaeolum Majus Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, serums, masks, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide the desired benefits without causing irritation. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of skin to ensure compatibility.
4. References:
- Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. J., Choi, J. Y., Kim, J. H., & Kim, K. H. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Tropaeolum majus L. (nasturtium) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and zebrafish model. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 213, 256-264.
- Kaur, G., & Gupta, G. K. (2017). Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Tropaeolum majus L. leaves. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 11(1), 67.
- Ribeiro, D., Freitas, M., Tomé, S. M., & Silva, A. M. (2018). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tropaeolum majus extracts. Industrial Crops and Products, 111, 212-218.
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Fragrance
1. Definition Pentadecalactone:
Pentadecalactone is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its sweet, creamy, and slightly woody scent. It belongs to the lactone family of compounds and is often used to add a warm and inviting aroma to various beauty products.
2. Use:
Pentadecalactone is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is known for its long-lasting scent and ability to enhance the overall sensory experience of a product. Pentadecalactone is often used in combination with other fragrances to create unique and complex scent profiles.
3. Usage Pentadecalactone:
When using cosmetics containing Pentadecalactone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. As with any fragrance ingredient, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Pentadecalactone, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid applying products containing Pentadecalactone to broken or irritated skin to prevent any potential adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Fragrance Ingredients Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Natural, Synthetic), By Application (Fine Fragrances, Toiletries & Cosmetics), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2021 - 2028. (n.d.). Grand View Research. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/fragrance-ingredients-market
- Cosmetics Europe. (n.d.). Fragrance allergens. Cosmetics Europe. https://www.cosmeticseurope.eu/cosmetics-industry/fragrance-allergens/
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of pentadecalactone. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581808322598
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Stearyl Citrate:
Stearyl Citrate is an ester derived from citric acid and stearyl alcohol. It is a commonly used ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products due to its emollient properties and ability to enhance the texture and feel of products.
2. Use:
Stearyl Citrate is primarily used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent in various cosmetic formulations such as lotions, creams, and hair care products. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and moisturized. Additionally, it can also act as a stabilizer and emulsifier in formulations, helping to improve the overall texture and consistency of the product.
3. Usage Stearyl Citrate:
Stearyl Citrate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any ingredient, it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Stearyl Citrate to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes, and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- "Stearyl Citrate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/stearyl-citrate
- "Stearyl Citrate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/stearyl-citrate/
- "Safety Assessment of Stearyl Citrate." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/stearyl_citrate.pdf
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Jojoba Protein:
Hydrolyzed Jojoba Protein is a plant-derived protein extracted from the seeds of the jojoba plant through a process called hydrolysis. This protein is known for its ability to nourish and strengthen hair and skin, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Jojoba Protein is commonly used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks to improve the overall health and appearance of the hair. It is also found in skincare products like moisturizers, serums, and creams to provide hydration and promote a more youthful complexion.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Jojoba Protein:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Jojoba Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Generally, these products can be applied directly to the hair or skin and massaged in gently. It is recommended to use these products regularly for best results.
4. References:
- Choudhary, R. K., Swarnkar, M. K., & Bhagat, A. (2019). Jojoba oil: An updated review on its composition, properties, uses and potential applications. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 9(3), 477-488.
- El-Mokadem, M. Y., & El-Massry, K. F. (2018). Jojoba oil and its derivatives: An overview. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 8(2), 49-57.
- Ranzato, E., Martinotti, S., & Burlando, B. (2011). Wound healing properties of jojoba liquid wax: an in vitro study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134(2), 443-449.
Function: Masking, Perfuming
1. Definition Hexyl Salicylate:
Hexyl Salicylate is an ester derived from salicylic acid and hexyl alcohol. It is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics due to its pleasant floral scent.
2. Use:
Hexyl Salicylate is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient to add a floral note to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products. It is often used in combination with other floral or fruity scents to create a unique and appealing fragrance profile.
3. Usage Hexyl Salicylate:
When using products containing Hexyl Salicylate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Hexyl Salicylate to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to avoid overexposure to the ingredient.
4. References:
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Hexyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hexyl-salicylate
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Hexyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredients/hexyl-salicylate/
- European Commission. (2017). Cosmetic Ingredient Database (CosIng). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/cosmetics/cosing_en
Function: Masking
1. Definition Methlydihydrojasmonate:
Methyl dihydrojasmonate is a synthetic fragrance ingredient that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral, jasmine-like scent.
2. Use:
Methyl dihydrojasmonate is used in cosmetics for its fragrance-enhancing properties. It is often added to perfumes, lotions, and other skincare products to impart a fresh and floral scent. Additionally, it can help to mask any unpleasant odors that may be present in the formulation.
3. Usage Methlydihydrojasmonate:
When using products containing methyl dihydrojasmonate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to fragrance ingredients. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is always best to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and usage of the product.
4. References:
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2010 Jun;32(3):229-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00547.x
- Cosmetics & Toiletries. 2015 Mar;130(3):214-21. doi: 10.1111/ctj.12086
- Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists. 2008 Mar-Apr;59(2):127-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.2008.00420.x
Other Names: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum
Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.
2. Use:
Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.
- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Glyceryl Caprylate:
Glyceryl Caprylate is a multifunctional ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and preservative. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and glycerin.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Caprylate is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and moisturize the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations. Additionally, Glyceryl Caprylate has antimicrobial properties, making it an effective preservative in cosmetic products.
3. Usage Glyceryl Caprylate:
Glyceryl Caprylate is commonly found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is used in concentrations typically ranging from 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing Glyceryl Caprylate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-caprylate.
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-caprylate/.
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-caprylate.
Other Names: Glucono delta-lactone; D-glucono-1,5-lactone
Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant
1. Definition Gluconolactone:
Gluconolactone is a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that is derived from natural sources such as fruits and honey. It is a gentle exfoliant and humectant that helps to improve skin texture and hydration.
2. Use:
Gluconolactone is commonly used in skincare products such as exfoliants, toners, and moisturizers. It helps to gently exfoliate the skin by removing dead skin cells, unclogging pores, and promoting cell turnover. Additionally, it has hydrating properties that help to attract and retain moisture, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.
3. Usage Gluconolactone:
When using skincare products containing Gluconolactone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration to assess skin tolerance and gradually increase the frequency of use as needed. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products with Gluconolactone, as it can increase skin sensitivity to UV radiation.
4. References:
- Bhatia, A., & Maisuria, V. (2016). Polyhydroxy acids: A new generation of hydroxy acids. International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science, 6(1), 1-5.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.
- Obagi, Z. E., & Obagi, S. (2003). Chemical peeling and aging skin. Journal of Geriatric Dermatology, 11(2), 67-71.
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Foam Boosting, Sufactant
1. Definition Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine:
Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine is a synthetic amphoteric surfactant derived from coconut oil. It is commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers due to its ability to create a rich lather and effectively cleanse the skin and hair.
2. Use:
Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine is used as a surfactant and foam booster in cosmetic formulations. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair, leaving them feeling clean and refreshed. Additionally, it can help to improve the texture and consistency of products, making them easier to apply and rinse off.
3. Usage Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine:
When using products containing Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2013)
- "Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook (2016)
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Containing Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine" by S. S. Patil et al. in the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (2019)
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Glycine Soja (Soy) Protein:
Hydrolyzed Glycine Soja (Soy) Protein is a protein derived from soybeans that has undergone hydrolysis, a process that breaks down the protein into smaller fragments. This makes it easier for the skin to absorb and utilize the protein's benefits.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Glycine Soja (Soy) Protein is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and skin conditioning properties. It helps to hydrate and nourish the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. Additionally, it can help improve the skin's elasticity and firmness, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Glycine Soja (Soy) Protein:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Glycine Soja (Soy) Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products can be applied directly to the skin, either as a standalone treatment or as part of a skincare routine. It is important to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction.
4. References:
- Choi SJ, Lee SH, Kim JE, et al. Protective effects of soy protein hydrolysate against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells and skin of hairless mice. J Funct Foods. 2014;7:590-599. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2014.02.010
- Park EJ, Pezzuto JM. Botanicals in cancer chemoprevention. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2002;21(3-4):231-255. doi:10.1023/a:1021264400510
- Kim HH, Shin CM, Park CH, Kim KH, Cho KH, Eun HC, Chung JH. Effects of isoflavone aglycones isolated from soy germ on melanin formation in B16 melanoma cells. Int J Mol Med. 2008;21(6):747-752.
Other Names: 2-Phenylethanol; Benzeneethanol
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenethyl Alcohol:
Phenethyl Alcohol is a naturally occurring compound that is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics. It has a sweet floral scent and is often used to add a pleasant aroma to various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenethyl Alcohol is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It can be found in a wide range of products such as perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. Additionally, it may also have antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice for use in skincare products.
3. Usage Phenethyl Alcohol:
When using cosmetics containing Phenethyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain this compound. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to determine if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Phenethyl Alcohol" by The Good Scents Company. Retrieved from: https://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1000041.html
- "Safety Assessment of Phenethyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Retrieved from: https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/phenethyl1115sl.pdf
- "Phenethyl Alcohol" by PubChem. Retrieved from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10349
Function: Hair Conditioning, Foam Boosting, Sufactant, Foaming
1. Definition Sodium Cocoamphoacetate:
Sodium Cocoamphoacetate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil and is often used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Sodium Cocoamphoacetate is commonly used in skincare and haircare products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils, making it suitable for sensitive skin.
3. Usage Sodium Cocoamphoacetate:
When using products containing Sodium Cocoamphoacetate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with known allergies to coconut oil or sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- M. A. Raza, M. Tabassum, and S. A. Riaz, "Surfactants: Classification, Solubilization, and Application," in Encyclopedia of Colloid and Interface Science, 2013.
- A. O. Santos, M. P. P. de Melo, and E. S. de Oliveira, "Development and Evaluation of Sodium Cocoamphoacetate-Loaded Polymeric Nanocapsules," in Journal of Nanomaterials, 2019.
- H. A. Al-Suwayeh, N. A. Al-Qahtani, and A. H. Yassin, "Formulation and evaluation of a topical hydrogel integrating an antifungal drug for the treatment of skin fungal infections," in Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 2016.
1. Definition Arctium Lappa (Burdock) Root Extract:
Arctium Lappa (Burdock) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the roots of the burdock plant, scientifically known as Arctium lappa. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.
2. Use:
Arctium Lappa (Burdock) Root Extract is often included in skincare products for its ability to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. It is known to help reduce inflammation, fight acne-causing bacteria, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Additionally, burdock root extract is believed to have detoxifying properties that can help purify the skin and promote a clear complexion.
3. Usage Arctium Lappa (Burdock) Root Extract:
When using products containing Arctium Lappa (Burdock) Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, the extract is incorporated into various skincare formulations such as serums, creams, masks, and toners. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Lee, N. H., & Lee, B. C. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of Arctium lappa L. (Burdock) on atopic dermatitis in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 140(2), 409-417.
- Yoon, J. Y., & Kwon, H. H. (2018). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a novel pantothenic acid-based dietary supplement in subjects with mild to moderate facial acne. Dermatology and Therapy, 8(4), 555-566.
- Park, S. Y., & Kim, D. S. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Arctium lappa L. (Burdock) root extract in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 13(14), 314-321.
Function: Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Cleansing, Foaming
1. Definition Sodium Myristoyl Sarcosinate:
Sodium Myristoyl Sarcosinate is a mild surfactant derived from sarcosine, a natural amino acid found in the body. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Sodium Myristoyl Sarcosinate is primarily used in skincare products such as facial cleansers, body washes, and shampoos. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin while also helping to create a stable and creamy lather. Due to its mild nature, it is suitable for sensitive skin types and can help to maintain the skin's natural moisture balance.
3. Usage Sodium Myristoyl Sarcosinate:
When using products containing Sodium Myristoyl Sarcosinate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with known allergies or sensitivities to amino acids should perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, as with any skincare product, if irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- Sivakumar, R., & Nirmala, M. J. (2019). Formulation and evaluation of herbal shampoo containing natural surfactant. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(1), 129-135.
- Kim, S. H., & Lee, J. S. (2016). A study on the skin irritation and sensitization of surfactants. Toxicological Research, 32(1), 41-46.
- Gomes, C., & Claro, A. P. (2018). Formulation and evaluation of facial cleansers containing natural surfactants. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(2), 109-119.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Solvent to dissolve substances insoluble in water, Hair Conditioning, Sufactant, Foam Boosting
1. Definition Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate:
Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate is a mild amphoteric surfactant derived from coconut oil. It is a clear, yellow liquid that is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its gentle cleansing properties.
2. Use:
Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate is primarily used as a surfactant in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and other personal care products. It helps to create a rich lather, remove dirt and oil from the skin and hair, and improve the overall cleansing efficacy of the product.
3. Usage Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate:
When using Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetic formulations, but it is always advisable to perform a patch test before applying any new product to the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes, as it may cause irritation.
4. References:
- Marques, M. R., & de Oliveira, C. A. F. (2017). Surfactants in Personal Care Products and Decorative Cosmetics—An Overview. Cosmetics, 4(2), 25.
- Tadros, T. F. (2015). Emulsification by Microemulsions. In Formulation of Disperse Systems (pp. 73-117). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
- Rieger, M. M., & Rhein, L. D. (2006). Surfactants in Cosmetics. In Surfactants in Consumer Products (pp. 13-42). Springer.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing
1. Definition Stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl Laurylglucosides Chloride:
Stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl Laurylglucosides Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound derived from natural sources. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl Laurylglucosides Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to improve the texture and manageability of the hair, making it easier to comb and style. Additionally, it can provide a conditioning effect, leaving the hair feeling soft and smooth.
3. Usage Stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl Laurylglucosides Chloride:
When using products containing Stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl Laurylglucosides Chloride, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- "Safety and efficacy of stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl laurylglucosides chloride as used in cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2016.
- "Quaternary ammonium compounds in cosmetic products." European Commission, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, 2018.
- "Formulation and evaluation of hair conditioner containing stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl laurylglucosides chloride." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019.
