Full ingredients list Dearboo Peach And Hibiscus Hydrogel Eye ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1 2	A	Dipropylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
		Chondrus Crispus Powder (Abrasive)
1		Benzyl Glycol (Solvent)
1		Ceratonia Siliqua (Carob) Gum (Masking, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding, Film Forming)
1	A	Xanthan Gum (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming)
3	B	Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil (Fragrance, Surfactant, Sufactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Allantoin (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing)	Good for sensitive skin Good for oily skin
1	A	Synthetic Fluorphlogopite (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Bulking Agent)
1	A	Niacinamide (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing)	Anti Aging Brightening
1		Prunus Persica (Peach) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Moisturising)	Good for dry skin
1		Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract (Skin Conditioning)
2	A	Ethylhexylglycerin (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent)
2 3	A	Tocopheryl Acetate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Anti Aging
2	A	Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil	Fungal Acne Trigger
1 2		Raspberry Ketone (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming, Fragrance)
1		Adenosine (Skin Conditioning)	Anti Aging
1 3		Titanium Dioxide (Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying)	UV Protection Good for sensitive skin
1	A	Disodium Edta (Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
1 4	B	Calcium Lactate (Cosmetic Astringent, pH adjusting agent, Exfoliant, Keratolytic)
1 2		CI 77491 (Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant)
1	A	1,2-Hexanediol (Solvent)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Hydrolyzed Collagen (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Nail Agents)
1	A	Sodium Hyaluronate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Dipropylene Glycol

Other name: DPG

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Dipropylene Glycol:

Dipropylene Glycol is a type of glycol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is soluble in water and has a low volatility.

2. Use:

Dipropylene Glycol is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and increase the moisture content of formulations. It is commonly found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup.

3. Usage Dipropylene Glycol:

When using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

Precautions: While Dipropylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dipropylene-glycol

- "Safety Assessment of Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/dipropylene_glycol.pdf

- "Dipropylene Glycol in Cosmetics" Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/dipropylene-glycol-in-cosmetics

Chondrus Crispus Powder

Function: Abrasive

1. Definition Chondrus Crispus Powder:

Chondrus Crispus Powder, also known as Irish Moss or Carrageenan, is a type of red algae commonly found in the Atlantic Ocean. It is often used in cosmetics for its emollient and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Chondrus Crispus Powder is commonly used in cosmetic formulations such as lotions, creams, masks, and serums. It is known for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting dry or sensitive skin types. Additionally, it is believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Chondrus Crispus Powder:

When using products containing Chondrus Crispus Powder, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Serive B, Renard D, Axelos M. Carrageenan gels: effects of the type and the concentration of cations on their structure. Food Hydrocolloids. 2002; 16(4):373-382.

- Wang W, Wang S, Liu J, et al. Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Chondrus crispus. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2019; 123: 734-742.

- Ruperez P, Ahrazem O, Leal JA. Potential antioxidant capacity of sulfated polysaccharides from the edible marine brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2002; 50(4): 840-845.

Benzyl Glycol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Benzyl Glycol:

Benzyl Glycol, also known as phenylmethyl alcohol, is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild floral scent. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, preservative, and solvent.

2. Use:

Benzyl Glycol is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant floral scent. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Benzyl Glycol can act as a solvent, helping to dissolve other ingredients and improve the overall texture of the product.

3. Usage Benzyl Glycol:

Benzyl Glycol is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations. It is important to follow recommended guidelines for safe usage to prevent skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to conduct a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Glycol, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Safety and efficacy of benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and its salts as used in cosmetics" by Cosmetics Ingredient Review, 2008.

- "A review on benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate" by J. M. El-Sherbiny et al., International Journal of Toxicology, 2015.

- "Benzyl Alcohol" by U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Ceratonia Siliqua (Carob) Gum

Function: Masking, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding, Film Forming

1. Definition Ceratonia Siliqua (Carob) Gum:

Ceratonia Siliqua (Carob) Gum is a natural, plant-based ingredient derived from the seeds of the carob tree. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, stabilizer, and moisturizer.

2. Use:

Carob gum is often included in skincare and hair care products for its ability to create a smooth, creamy texture and improve the overall consistency of the product. It helps to bind ingredients together and prevent separation, resulting in a more uniform application.

3. Usage Ceratonia Siliqua (Carob) Gum:

When using products containing carob gum, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommended usage levels. While carob gum is generally considered safe for topical use, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always advisable to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- M. C. G. P. M. de Souza, V. M. Trindade, L. C. B. B. Coelho, and L. H. I. Mei, "Rheological properties of carob gum in aqueous solutions," Food Hydrocolloids, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 577-584, 2002.

- M. A. A. Meireles, M. C. G. P. M. de Souza, and L. H. I. Mei, "Carob gum: structure, properties, and applications," in Food Hydrocolloids: Structure, Properties, and Functions, vol. 1, pp. 263-284, CRC Press, 2014.

- A. C. M. B. F. de Carvalho, M. C. G. P. M. de Souza, and L. H. I. Mei, "Carob gum as a potential ingredient in cosmetic formulations," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 177-189, 2017.

Xanthan Gum

Other name: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil

Function: Fragrance, Surfactant, Sufactant

1. Definition Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:

Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a polyethylene glycol derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.

2. Use:

Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is primarily used in skincare and haircare products as an emulsifier to help mix oil and water-based ingredients. It also functions as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin and hair by removing dirt and impurities. Additionally, it can act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.

3. Usage Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:

Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil should be used in accordance with the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to this ingredient. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polyethylene glycols. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyethylene-glycols

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Hydrogenated Castor Oil. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/hydrogenated-castor-oil/

- The Dermatology Review. (n.d.). Castor Oil in Skin Care: Benefits and Uses. https://thedermreview.com/castor-oil-in-skin-care/

Allantoin

Other name: Glyoxyldiureide; Allantion

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing

1. Definition Allantoin:

Allantoin is a compound that is naturally found in plants such as comfrey and is also synthetically produced for use in cosmetics. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Allantoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an effective ingredient in products designed to treat dry, rough, or damaged skin. Allantoin is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Allantoin:

Allantoin is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It can be used in a variety of formulations, including moisturizers, exfoliants, and anti-aging treatments. When using products containing allantoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to patch test the product before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Acute oral toxicity study of Allantoin in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 1247-1251.

- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2019). Natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 285-295.

Synthetic Fluorphlogopite

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Synthetic Fluorphlogopite:

Synthetic Fluorphlogopite, also known as synthetic mica, is a mineral-derived synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a replacement for natural mica. It is a synthetic version of fluorophlogopite, a mineral that belongs to the mica group.

2. Use:

Synthetic Fluorphlogopite is primarily used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is often used in eyeshadows, highlighters, and other makeup products to add a luminous and glittery effect to the skin. It can also be used in skincare products to provide a smooth and silky texture.

3. Usage Synthetic Fluorphlogopite:

When using products containing Synthetic Fluorphlogopite, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to mica or other minerals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to avoid any adverse reactions. Additionally, as with any cosmetic product, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage to ensure the product's effectiveness and longevity.

4. References:

- "Synthetic Fluorphlogopite" by Cosmetics Info

- "What Is Synthetic Fluorphlogopite?" by The Derm Review

- "Understanding the Role of Synthetic Fluorphlogopite in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Magazine

Niacinamide

Other name: Nicotinic acid amide; Nicotinamide

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing

1. Definition Niacinamide:

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.

3. Usage Niacinamide:

Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.

Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.

- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.

See more: Understanding Niacinamide: All about "Skincare Superstar"

Prunus Persica (Peach) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Moisturising

1. Definition Prunus Persica (Peach) Fruit Extract:

Prunus Persica (Peach) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the peach tree. It is rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Peach fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Peach extract also has soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Prunus Persica (Peach) Fruit Extract:

Peach fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing peach extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Kim, H. E., Hwang, J. K., & Lee, N. H. (2011). The effects of peach and apricot extracts on UVB-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 27(1), 32-39.

- Park, K. M., You, J. S., Lee, H. Y., Baek, E. J., Lee, J. S., & Hwang, J. K. (2013). Peach kernel extract inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and reduces high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 53, 59-67.

- Kim, J. E., Kim, H. E., Hwang, J. K., & Lee, N. H. (2011). The effects of peach and apricot extracts on UVB-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 27(1), 32-39.

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the dried calyx of the Hibiscus sabdariffa plant, also known as Roselle. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract is known for its anti-aging properties, as it helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. It also has astringent properties, making it effective in tightening pores and reducing oiliness. In haircare products, Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract can help strengthen hair follicles, promote hair growth, and prevent hair loss.

3. Usage Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including serums, moisturizers, toners, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used at a concentration of 1-5% in skincare products and 0.5-2% in haircare products. To use products containing Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Chaudhuri, R. K., Bojanowski, K. (2014). Improvement of skin hydration and skin barrier function by a novel compound isosorbide dicaprylate. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(2), 98-105.

- Ali, B. H., Al Wabel, N. A., Blunden, G. (2005). Phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: a review. Phytotherapy Research, 19(5), 369-375.

Ethylhexylglycerin

Other name: Octoxyglycerin

Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate

Other name: Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate; Di-Potassium Glycyrrhizinate; K2

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is a white, odorless powder derived from licorice root extract. It is a natural ingredient known for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe irritated skin. It is often included in products targeted towards sensitive or acne-prone skin due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, it can help to brighten the complexion and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in skincare formulations. It can be found in various products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. When using products containing Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test prior to full application to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Arctander, Steffen. Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin. Allured Publishing Corporation, 1994.

- Baumann, Leslie. Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2009.

- Draelos, Zoe Diana. Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014.

Tocopheryl Acetate

Other name: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil

Other name: Castor Oil; Ricinus Communis Oil; Ricinus Communis Seed Oil

Function:

1. Definition Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil:

Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the castor oil plant. It is a pale yellow liquid with a mild odor and is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Castor oil is a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products due to its emollient and humectant properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it a common ingredient in lip balms, lotions, and creams. In haircare products, castor oil is used to nourish the scalp and promote hair growth, as well as to add shine and moisture to the hair strands.

3. Usage Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil:

When using castor oil in cosmetics, it is important to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, as some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to the oil. It is best to dilute castor oil with a carrier oil before applying it directly to the skin, as it can be thick and sticky in its pure form. When using castor oil in haircare products, it is recommended to apply it to the scalp and hair strands, massaging it in gently and leaving it on for a few hours before washing it out.

4. References:

- Park, H. M., & Cho, J. H. (2018). Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) seed oil: production, processing, properties, and applications. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 95(11), 1377-1388.

- Vieira, C., et al. (2018). Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) seed oil: a review on the composition and physicochemical properties. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 95(1), 1-10.

- Reis, F. S., et al. (2016). Chemical composition and biological activities of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil: a review. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(3), 291-303.

Raspberry Ketone

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming, Fragrance

1. Definition Raspberry Ketone:

Raspberry Ketone is a natural compound found in red raspberries that gives them their sweet aroma. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and potential benefits for skin health.

2. Use:

Raspberry Ketone is often included in skincare products for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more youthful appearance. It is believed to help improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and brighten the complexion.

3. Usage Raspberry Ketone:

When using cosmetics containing Raspberry Ketone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Raspberry Ketone into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Park, K. H., & Shin, H. J. (2016). Raspberry Ketone Increases Both Lipolysis and Fatty Acid Oxidation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Planta Medica, 82(8), 724-731.

- Lee, M. S., Kim, Y., & Choi, S. E. (2015). Raspberry Ketone Promotes Healthy Hair Growth. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 66(6), 361-368.

- Goyal, S., & Sharma, C. (2018). Antioxidant and Skin Health Benefits of Raspberry Ketone. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 305-311.

Adenosine

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Adenosine:

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the body. In cosmetics, adenosine is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Adenosine is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reduce the signs of aging, and promote skin elasticity. It also helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Adenosine:

Adenosine is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it is applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to use products containing adenosine as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them after cleansing and toning the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Topical adenosine for hair loss: A promising alternative to minoxidil. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 457-461.

- Kim, D. S., et al. (2013). Anti-wrinkle activity of adenosine in human dermal fibroblasts through activation of adenosine A2A receptor signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(1), 282-291.

- Baek, J. H., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory role of adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor in human mast cells: Evidence and therapeutic potential. Journal of Immunology, 196(10), 4002-4011.

Titanium Dioxide

Other name: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

Disodium Edta

Other name: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na

Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

Calcium Lactate

Function: Cosmetic Astringent, pH adjusting agent, Exfoliant, Keratolytic

1. Definition Calcium Lactate:

Calcium Lactate is a water-soluble salt that is derived from lactic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, emollient, and pH adjuster.

2. Use:

Calcium Lactate is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, which helps to hydrate and soften the skin. It also acts as an emollient, helping to smooth and soften the skin's texture. Additionally, Calcium Lactate is used to adjust the pH of cosmetic formulations, ensuring that they are gentle and non-irritating to the skin.

3. Usage Calcium Lactate:

Calcium Lactate is typically used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, anti-aging creams, and exfoliants. When using products containing Calcium Lactate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing Calcium Lactate.

4. References:

- "Calcium Lactate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/calcium-lactate.

- "Calcium Lactate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/calcium-lactate.

- "Calcium Lactate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/calcium-lactate/.

CI 77491

Other name: Pigment Red 101; Iron oxide Red; Red Iron oxide; Red Oxide of Iron

Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant

1. Definition CI 77491:

CI 77491 is a cosmetic colorant that is also known as Iron Oxide Red. It is a red pigment that is commonly used in makeup products such as eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks.

2. Use:

CI 77491 is used in cosmetics to provide a red color to the product. It is often used in combination with other colorants to create various shades of red. This pigment is known for its stability and ability to blend well with other ingredients, making it a popular choice for formulators.

3. Usage CI 77491:

When using products containing CI 77491, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)

- "Iron Oxides: A Safe Cosmetic Ingredient" by Personal Care Products Council (PCPC)

1,2-Hexanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Hydrolyzed Collagen

Other name: Hydrolyzed animal protein

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Nail Agents

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Collagen:

Hydrolyzed Collagen is a form of collagen that has been broken down into smaller, more easily absorbed peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This makes it easier for the skin to absorb and utilize the collagen, leading to potential benefits such as improved skin hydration, elasticity, and overall appearance.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Collagen is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks to help improve skin firmness, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, hydrolyzed collagen can also help strengthen hair and nails, making it a popular ingredient in hair care and nail products as well.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Collagen:

When using products containing hydrolyzed collagen, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Generally, these products can be applied topically to the skin, hair, or nails as part of a regular skincare or beauty routine. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product to check for any potential allergic reactions or skin sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with known collagen allergies or sensitivities should consult with a dermatologist before using products containing hydrolyzed collagen.

4. References:

- Choi, F.D., Sung, C.T., Juhasz, M.L., & Mesinkovsk, N.A. (2019). Oral Collagen Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Dermatological Applications. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 18(1), 9-16.

- Asserin, J., Lati, E., Shioya, T., & Prawitt, J. (2015). The effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin moisture and the dermal collagen network: evidence from an ex vivo model and randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(4), 291-301.

- Bolke, L., Schlippe, G., Gerß, J., & Voss, W. (2019). A Collagen Supplement Improves Skin Hydration, Elasticity, Roughness, and Density: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Blind Study. Nutrients, 11(10), 2494.

Sodium Hyaluronate

Other name: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.