Full ingredients list Up & Up Deep Cleaning Charcoal Pore ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
1 3		Titanium Dioxide (Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying)	UV Protection Good for sensitive skin
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
2	A	Potassium Sorbate (Fragrance, Preservative)
1 4	B	Sodium Hydroxide (Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)
1	A	Kaolin (Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Slip Modifier)
1 3	B	Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Good for sensitive skin
1	A	1,2 Hexanediol (Solvent)
1	A	Sodium Dehydroacetate (Preservative)
1		Menthol (Masking, Fragrance, Denaturant , External Analgesic , Soothing, Flavoring Agent, Refreshing)	Bad for sensitive skin Bad for dry skin Good for oily skin
1	A	Pvp (Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Hair Fixing, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant)
1		Charcoal Powder (Abrasive, Absorbent, Opacifying, Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant)
1	A	Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent)
1 2	A	Bentonite (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Suspending Agent -Nonsurfactant)
1		Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Extract (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Soothing, Cosmetic Astringent)	Good for oily skin
1	A	Polyvinyl Alcohol (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Film Forming)
1		Moroccan Lava Clay (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Opacifying, Viscosityincreasing Agent - Aqueous)
1	A	VP/VA Copolymer (Binding, Film Forming, Hair Fixing)

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Titanium Dioxide

Other name: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Potassium Sorbate

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.

2. Use:

Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.

3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.

4. References:

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.

Sodium Hydroxide

Other name: NaOH

Function: Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:

Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.

2. Use:

Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.

3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:

When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide

Kaolin

Other name: Kaolinite; China clay; Aluminum Silica; White Clay; Kaolin Clay

Function: Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Slip Modifier

1. Definition Kaolin:

Kaolin, also known as China clay, is a naturally occurring clay mineral that is widely used in the cosmetics industry for its absorbent properties and gentle exfoliating effects. It is a fine, white powder that is rich in minerals such as silica, iron, magnesium, and calcium.

2. Use:

Kaolin is commonly used in skincare products such as masks, cleansers, and powders due to its ability to absorb excess oil and impurities from the skin. It is also known for its soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive and acne-prone skin types. Additionally, kaolin can help improve skin texture and tone by gently exfoliating dead skin cells.

3. Usage Kaolin:

Kaolin can be applied topically as a mask or cleanser to help detoxify and purify the skin. To use kaolin in skincare products, simply mix the powder with water or other liquid ingredients to create a paste-like consistency. Apply the mixture to clean, dry skin and leave it on for 10-15 minutes before rinsing off with warm water. It is important to avoid getting kaolin powder into the eyes or inhaling it as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- Dweck, A. C. (2012). Formulating with kaolin. Personal Care Magazine, 9(3), 25-28.

- Williams, L. B., & Haydel, S. E. (2010). Evaluation of the medicinal use of clay minerals as antibacterial agents. International Geology Review, 52(7/8), 745-770.

- Lin, Y. C., & Lin, J. H. (2008). Kaolin and its industrial uses. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 36(6), 805-811.

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract

Other name: Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract:

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Aloe Vera plant, known for its soothing and healing properties. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory benefits.

2. Use:

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and soothe the skin. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, serums, and masks, where it can help to calm irritation, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. Aloe Vera extract is also known for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Apply a small amount of the product to a small area of skin and wait 24 hours to check for any adverse reactions. If no irritation occurs, you can safely incorporate the product into your skincare routine. It is also recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian journal of dermatology, 53(4), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.44785

- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 5(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.006

- Paulsen, E., Korsholm, L., & Brandrup, F. (2005). A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a commercial Aloe vera gel in the treatment of slight to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 19(3), 326–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01203.x

1,2 Hexanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition 1,2 Hexanediol:

1,2 Hexanediol is a colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor that is used in cosmetics as a humectant, emollient, and solvent. It is a type of glycol that helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

1,2 Hexanediol is commonly used in cosmetics as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate the skin and hair. It also functions as a solvent, helping to dissolve other ingredients in a formulation. Additionally, it can act as a preservative, helping to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage 1,2 Hexanediol:

When using cosmetics containing 1,2 Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory authorities. However, some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient, so it is always advisable to perform a patch test before using a new product.

Precautions: While 1,2 Hexanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use of the product and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to keep cosmetics containing 1,2 Hexanediol out of reach of children and to store them in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol, 1,2-Octanediol, and 1,2-Decanediol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "1,2-Hexanediol" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook

- "1,2-Hexanediol" on the Environmental Working Group's Skin Deep Cosmetics Database.

Sodium Dehydroacetate

Other name: Sodium Dehydro-acetate

Function: Preservative

1. Definition Sodium Dehydroacetate:

Sodium Dehydroacetate is a synthetic compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, odorless powder that is water-soluble and has antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Dehydroacetate is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It helps extend the shelf life of products and maintain their quality by inhibiting microbial contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Dehydroacetate:

When using products containing Sodium Dehydroacetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper application. It is typically used in small concentrations, and excessive use may cause skin irritation or sensitivity in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2004). Final report on the safety assessment of dehydroacetic acid. International Journal of Toxicology, 23(Suppl 1), 1-19.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2012). Safety assessment of dehydroacetic acid and its salts as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 31(6), 5S-20S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2015). Safety Assessment of Dehydroacetic Acid and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/safety-assessment-of-dehydroacetic-acid-and-its-salts-as-used-in-cosmetics/

Menthol

Other name: L-Menthol; DL-Menthol; Mentholum

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Denaturant , External Analgesic , Soothing, Flavoring Agent, Refreshing

1. Definition Menthol:

Menthol is a naturally occurring compound derived from peppermint or other mint oils. It is known for its cooling sensation and minty aroma, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products.

2. Use:

Menthol is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and cooling properties. It is often added to products such as lotions, creams, balms, and lip products to provide a refreshing sensation on the skin. Menthol can also help to relieve minor skin irritations and itching.

3. Usage Menthol:

When using cosmetics containing menthol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Menthol can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product. Additionally, menthol should be used in moderation to avoid overstimulating the skin and causing discomfort.

4. References:

- Yosipovitch, G., & Maibach, H. I. (1998). Sensitive Skin Syndrome. CRC Press.

- Rawlings, A. V., & Leyden, J. J. (2004). Skin Moisturization. CRC Press.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

Pvp

Other name: PVP; Povidone

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Hair Fixing, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Pvp:

PVP, or Polyvinylpyrrolidone, is a polymer commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder. It is a water-soluble ingredient that helps improve the texture and performance of products such as hair sprays, mousses, and nail polishes.

2. Use:

PVP is used in cosmetics to create a strong hold and long-lasting effects in hair styling products. It helps to keep styles in place and prevent frizz or flyaways. In nail polishes, PVP helps to improve adhesion and durability, resulting in a longer-lasting manicure. Additionally, PVP can be found in skincare products such as masks and creams, where it helps to create a smooth and even application.

3. Usage Pvp:

When using cosmetics containing PVP, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes or mucous membranes, as it may cause irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with PVP, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- Korting, H. C., Schindler, S., Hartinger, A., Kerscher, M., & Angerpointner, T. (1990). PVP—A new and safe vehicle for the topical therapy of onychomycosis. Mycoses, 33(5), 265-269.

- Lademann, J., Jacobi, U., Surber, C., Weigmann, H. J., & Fluhr, J. W. (2008). The tape stripping procedure—evaluation of some critical parameters. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 72(2), 317-323.

- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic therapy, 20(5), 343-349.

Charcoal Powder

Function: Abrasive, Absorbent, Opacifying, Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant

1. Definition Charcoal Powder:

Charcoal powder is a fine black powder made from burning organic materials, such as wood, coconut shells, or bamboo, at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. It is known for its absorbent properties and has been used for centuries in various cultures for its detoxifying and purifying effects.

2. Use:

Charcoal powder is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to draw out impurities and toxins from the skin. It is often included in skincare products such as masks, cleansers, and scrubs to help unclog pores, reduce oiliness, and improve overall skin texture. Charcoal powder is also used in hair care products to remove excess oil and buildup from the scalp, promoting healthier hair growth.

3. Usage Charcoal Powder:

When using charcoal powder in cosmetics, it is important to be cautious as it can be messy and stain clothing and surfaces. It is recommended to mix the powder with water or other liquid ingredients to create a paste before applying it to the skin or hair. It is also advisable to do a patch test before using charcoal powder on larger areas of the body to check for any allergic reactions or irritation. Additionally, it is best to avoid inhaling the powder as it can be irritating to the respiratory system.

4. References:

- Lee, S. (2017). Charcoal in skincare: What are the benefits? Retrieved from https://www.byrdie.com/charcoal-skincare-benefits-4770337

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

- Singh, M., & Das, R. R. (2016). Zinc for the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(6).

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate

Other name: Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate; Di-Potassium Glycyrrhizinate; K2

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is a white, odorless powder derived from licorice root extract. It is a natural ingredient known for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe irritated skin. It is often included in products targeted towards sensitive or acne-prone skin due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, it can help to brighten the complexion and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in skincare formulations. It can be found in various products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. When using products containing Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test prior to full application to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Arctander, Steffen. Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin. Allured Publishing Corporation, 1994.

- Baumann, Leslie. Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2009.

- Draelos, Zoe Diana. Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014.

Bentonite

Other name: Bentonite Clay; Gelwhite L

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Suspending Agent -Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Bentonite:

Bentonite is a type of clay derived from volcanic ash deposits and is known for its ability to absorb and remove toxins, impurities, and excess oil from the skin. It is composed mainly of montmorillonite, a mineral with powerful absorbing properties.

2. Use:

Bentonite is commonly used in cosmetics for its purifying and detoxifying properties. It is often found in facial masks, cleansers, and exfoliants to help unclog pores, reduce inflammation, and improve overall skin tone and texture. Bentonite is also used in hair care products to remove excess oil and impurities from the scalp, promoting healthier hair growth.

3. Usage Bentonite:

When using bentonite in cosmetics, it is important to mix it with water or other liquid ingredients to form a paste before applying it to the skin or hair. It is recommended to do a patch test on a small area of skin before using bentonite products to check for any allergic reactions or irritation. Avoid using bentonite on broken or irritated skin, and always follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Chauhan, A., & Chauhan, P. (2019). Bentonite Clay as a Natural Remedy: A Brief Review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 9(3), 184-189.

- Williams, L. B., & Haydel, S. E. (2010). Evaluation of the medicinal use of clay minerals as antibacterial agents. International Geology Review, 52(7/8), 745-770.

- Singh, M., & Singh, S. (2017). Bentonite Clay as a Natural Remedy: A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(1), 295-299.

Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Soothing, Cosmetic Astringent

1. Definition Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Extract:

Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the leaves and bark of the Witch Hazel shrub. It is known for its astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Witch Hazel Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to tighten pores, reduce inflammation, and soothe irritated skin. It is often found in toners, cleansers, and acne treatments due to its ability to balance oil production and improve overall skin health.

3. Usage Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Extract:

When using products containing Witch Hazel Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no allergic reaction or sensitivity. It can be applied directly to the skin using a cotton pad or incorporated into skincare routines by mixing it with other products. Witch Hazel Extract is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin should use caution and consult with a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Dweck, A. C. (2002). The botanical and cosmetic use of Witch Hazel. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 24(1), 17-24.

- Thring, T. S. A., Hili, P., & Naughton, D. P. (2011). Antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and formulations of white tea, rose, and witch hazel on primary human dermal fibroblast cells. Journal of Inflammation, 8(1), 27.

- Hughes-Formella, B. J., Filbry, A. W., Gassmueller, J., & Rippke, F. (2002). Anti-inflammatory efficacy of topical preparations with 10% hamamelis distillate in a UV erythema test. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 15(2), 125-132.

Polyvinyl Alcohol

Other name: PVA; PVAL; Polyvinyl Alcohol

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Film Forming

1. Definition Polyvinyl Alcohol:

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer that is water-soluble and biodegradable. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent, emulsifier, and thickener.

2. Use:

Polyvinyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to create a smooth and shiny film on the skin, hair, or nails. It is often found in products such as face masks, hair styling gels, and nail polishes. PVA helps to improve the texture and appearance of these products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall effectiveness.

3. Usage Polyvinyl Alcohol:

When using cosmetics containing Polyvinyl Alcohol, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to avoid ingesting products containing PVA and to keep them out of reach of children.

4. References:

- Zhang, C., Zhang, S., & Zhang, L. (2014). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. European Polymer Journal, 63, 134-151.

- Kim, J. E., Lee, Y. M., & Park, Y. H. (2015). Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan-based hydrogels for tissue engineering. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 21, 1177-1181.

- Rwei, S. P., Chen, J. W., & Kuo, C. Y. (2017). Polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrogels for wound dressing applications: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(2), 285.

Moroccan Lava Clay

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Opacifying, Viscosityincreasing Agent - Aqueous

1. Definition Moroccan Lava Clay:

Moroccan Lava Clay, also known as Rhassoul Clay, is a natural mineral clay that is mined from the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. It has been used for centuries in traditional Moroccan beauty rituals due to its high mineral content and detoxifying properties.

2. Use:

Moroccan Lava Clay is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to absorb excess oil, dirt, and impurities from the skin. It is also known for its exfoliating and brightening properties, making it a popular ingredient in face masks, cleansers, and scrubs.

3. Usage Moroccan Lava Clay:

To use Moroccan Lava Clay in skincare, it is typically mixed with water or other liquid ingredients to form a paste. This paste can then be applied to the skin and left on for a few minutes before rinsing off. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to patch test before using, as some individuals may be sensitive to the clay.

Precautions: While Moroccan Lava Clay is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to avoid getting the clay in contact with the eyes or mouth, as it can be drying and irritating to these sensitive areas.

4. References:

- "Rhassoul Clay: Benefits for Skin and Hair" by Dr. Debra Jaliman, MD (https://www.healthline.com/health/rhassoul-clay)

- "The Benefits of Moroccan Rhassoul Clay for Skin and Hair" by Ksenia Avdulova (https://www.byrdie.com/rhassoul-clay-benefits)

- "Moroccan Rhassoul Clay: The Natural Beauty Secret" by The Derm Review (https://www.thedermreview.com/rhassoul-clay/)

VP/VA Copolymer

Function: Binding, Film Forming, Hair Fixing

1. Definition VP/VA Copolymer:

VP/VA Copolymer is a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and vinyl acetate (VA), commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder.

2. Use:

VP/VA Copolymer is utilized in cosmetics to create a film on the skin or hair, providing a smooth and even application of products such as makeup, hair styling products, and sunscreens. It helps to improve the adherence of pigments and other ingredients to the skin or hair, enhancing the longevity and efficacy of the products.

3. Usage VP/VA Copolymer:

VP/VA Copolymer is typically found in various cosmetic formulations such as liquid foundations, mascaras, hair gels, and styling creams. It is often used in combination with other polymers or ingredients to achieve desired texture, hold, and performance of the product. When using cosmetics containing VP/VA Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid applying excessive amounts to prevent buildup on the skin or hair.

4. References:

- A. M. Smith, "Polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers," in Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, 4th ed., CRC Press, 2014.

- R. Y. Lochhead, "VP/VA Copolymer," in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

- M. A. R. Meier, "Vinylpyrrolidone and Vinyl Acetate Copolymers," in Handbook of Vinyl Polymers: Radical Polymerization, Process, and Technology, CRC Press, 2008.