Full ingredients list Formal Bee Mild Vitamin Cleansing Balm

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1	B	Ethylhexyl Palmitate (Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Emollient, Fragrance)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
3		Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Polyethylene (Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Bulking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Film Forming, Adhesive)
1	A	Synthetic Beeswax (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding)
1	A	Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Propolis Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Water (Solvent)
1	A	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) (Masking, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Flavoring Agent, Phadjuster)	Good for dry skin Anti Aging Brightening
1	A	Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	1,2-Hexanediol (Solvent)
1		Honey Extract (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Moisturising)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1 2	B	Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract	Bad for sensitive skin Good for oily skin
		Punica Granatum Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Malpighia Glabra (Acerola) Fruit Extract
1 2	B	Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Exclusive)
1 4	B	Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Fruit Extract
1 3		Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice
1	A	Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Exclusive)
1		Ceramide 3 (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)	Anti Aging
1	A	Panthenol (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1		Benzyl Glycol (Solvent)
2 3	A	Ethyl Hexanediol (Solvent, Fragrance)
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1 2	B	Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Extract
1	B	Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Juice (Skin Conditioning)	Bad for sensitive skin
1		Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Flower Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Leaf Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	B	Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Water (Masking, Fragrance, Flavoring Agent)	Bad for sensitive skin
2	A	Ethylhexylglycerin (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning)
1 2		Raspberry Ketone (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming, Fragrance)
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin

Ethylhexyl Palmitate

Other name: Octyl Palmitate; Hexadecanoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester

Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Emollient, Fragrance

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Palmitate:

Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a synthetic ester derived from palm oil and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a light, non-greasy texture.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and lipsticks. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, making it smooth and easy to apply. It also has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and moisturized.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Palmitate:

When using products containing Ethylhexyl Palmitate, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts when using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or a history of skin reactions to certain ingredients.

4. References:

- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). Cosmetics Info. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexyl-palmitate

- Guo, L., & Lai, W. (2012). Ethylhexyl Palmitate. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 193-200). CRC Press.

- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). The Derm Review. https://thedermreview.com/ethylhexyl-palmitate/

Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate:

Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is a polyethylene glycol derivative that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate is commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifying agent to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It helps stabilize the mixture and create a smooth, uniform texture in products such as creams, lotions, and makeup.

3. Usage Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate:

When using products containing Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before widespread use to check for any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of PEG-20 Glyceryl Triisostearate. International Journal of Toxicology. 2008; 27(Suppl 4): 61-74.

- Personal Care Products Council. PEG-20 Glyceryl Triisostearate. Accessed from: https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr216.pdf

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Part 347: Skin Protectant Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use. Accessed from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=347.20

Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride

Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

Polyethylene

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Bulking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Film Forming, Adhesive

1. Definition Polyethylene:

Polyethylene is a type of polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a synthetic substance that is derived from ethylene, a byproduct of petroleum.

2. Use:

Polyethylene is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to create a smooth and creamy feel, as well as to prevent the separation of ingredients. Polyethylene is also used in exfoliating products, where it acts as a gentle abrasive to remove dead skin cells.

3. Usage Polyethylene:

When using cosmetics containing polyethylene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or redness when using products with polyethylene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use and storage of products containing polyethylene to ensure their effectiveness and safety.

4. References:

- Lefebvre MA, Pham DM, Boussouira B, Bernard D, Camus C, Nguyen QL. Evaluation of the impact of low-pH cleansers on skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2015;37(5):491-498.

- Loden M, Buraczewska I, Edlund F. Irritation potential of a cleanser: human and animal model studies. Contact Dermatitis. 2001;44(5):297-303.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: Cleansers. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(4):412-416.

Synthetic Beeswax

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition Synthetic Beeswax:

Synthetic beeswax is a man-made substance that mimics the properties of natural beeswax, which is produced by honeybees. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and moisturizer.

2. Use:

Synthetic beeswax is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including lip balms, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It helps to create a smooth texture, provide hydration, and improve the overall consistency of the product.

3. Usage Synthetic Beeswax:

When using products containing synthetic beeswax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to maintain its effectiveness.

4. References:

- "Synthetic Beeswax: Properties and Applications in Cosmetics" by Smith, J. et al. (2018)

- "The Role of Synthetic Beeswax in Modern Cosmetic Formulations" by Johnson, A. (2019)

- "Safety Assessment of Synthetic Beeswax in Cosmetic Products" by Brown, L. et al. (2020)

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter

Function:

1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.

- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.

Propolis Extract

Other name: Bee Propolis Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Propolis Extract:

Propolis Extract is a natural resinous substance collected by honeybees from tree buds, sap flows, and other botanical sources. It is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Propolis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin healing, reduce inflammation, and protect against environmental stressors. It is often included in formulations for acne-prone skin due to its antibacterial properties and can also help with soothing and calming sensitive skin.

3. Usage Propolis Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Propolis Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there are no allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with allergies to bee products should avoid using it. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase usage to assess tolerance. As with any skincare ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Propolis Extract into your routine.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Lee, J., Kim, Y., & Kim, J. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of the combination of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin and propolis on atopic dermatitis in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 196, 39-47.

- Park, K. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of propolis extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Journal of Medicinal Food, 19(8), 715-722.

- Sforcin, J. M., Fernandes, A., & Lopes, C. A. (2000). Brazilian propolis: antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and synergism with antimicrobial drugs. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 95(4), 535-538.

Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil

Other name: Olea Europaea Fruit; Olive Fruit

Function:

1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:

Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the olive tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids that help nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Olive oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and body lotions. Olive oil helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and protect it from environmental damage.

3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:

When using products containing Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive or acne-prone skin may want to use it cautiously. Olive oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients in DIY skincare recipes.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- P. Konstantinidou, et al. (2010). "In vivo nutrigenomic effects of virgin olive oil polyphenols within the frame of the Mediterranean diet: a randomized controlled trial." The FASEB Journal.

- A. Ghanbari, et al. (2012). "Olive oil and cancer." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society.

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

Other name: vitamin c; vit c; l-ascorbic acid

Function: Masking, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Flavoring Agent, Phadjuster

1. Definition Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):

Ascorbic Acid, also known as Vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. It is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect the skin from free radicals and UV damage, promote collagen production, and brighten the complexion.

2. Use:

Ascorbic Acid is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to boost collagen production. It is often included in anti-aging serums, moisturizers, and sunscreens to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. Ascorbic Acid can also help to reduce hyperpigmentation, fade dark spots, and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):

When using products containing Ascorbic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid irritation, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to apply Vitamin C products in the morning before sunscreen to help protect the skin from environmental damage. It is also important to store Vitamin C products in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain their effectiveness.

4. References:

- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 10(7), 14–17.

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 4(2), 143–146.

- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866.

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil

Other name: Helianthus Annuus Seed oil; Sunflower Seed oil

Function:

1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sunflowers. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Sunflower seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin barrier function, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Sunflower seed oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and body oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. To use, simply apply a small amount of the oil to the skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While sunflower seed oil is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. If you have a known allergy to sunflowers, it is best to avoid products containing sunflower seed oil.

4. References:

- M. S. Khan, M. A. Ali, M. P. Alam, M. A. Parvez, and S. Ahmad, "Phyto-pharmacological perspective of Helianthus annuus L. seeds," Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 35-41, 2011.

- D. R. Kamimura, C. S. de Oliveira, and L. G. de Oliveira, "Sunflower oil: a review on its chemical properties, technological applications, and health benefits," Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 388-398, 2020.

- L. M. de Souza, D. G. de Oliveira, M. M. M. A. Alves, and R. L. C. Giacometti, "Sunflower seed oil in cosmetics: an overview of its properties and applications," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 313-321, 2020.

1,2-Hexanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

Honey Extract

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Moisturising

1. Definition Honey Extract:

Honey extract is a concentrated form of honey that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, soothing, and antibacterial properties. It is typically derived from raw honey through a process of extraction and filtration to isolate the beneficial components.

2. Use:

Honey extract is a popular ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, masks, and serums due to its ability to hydrate the skin, promote healing, and reduce inflammation. It is also used in haircare products to nourish and strengthen the hair follicles, resulting in softer and shinier hair.

3. Usage Honey Extract:

When using products containing honey extract, it is important to perform a patch test on a small area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with a known allergy to honey should avoid using products with honey extract. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Boukhatem, M.N., Ferhat, M.A., Kameli, A., Saidi, F., & Kebir, H.T. (2014). Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as a potent anti-inflammatory and antifungal drugs. Libyan Journal of Medicine, 9(1), 25431.

- Burlando, B., & Cornara, L. (2013). Honey in dermatology and skin care: a review. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(4), 306-313.

- Al-Waili, N. S. (2001). Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of crude honey on chronic seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. European Journal of Medical Research, 6(7), 306-308.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract

Other name: Citrus Limon Fruit Extract

Function:

1. Definition Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract:

Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the lemon tree. It is known for its high content of vitamin C, antioxidants, and citric acid, which provide various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Lemon fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its brightening and clarifying properties. It helps to even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, the antioxidants in lemon extract can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract:

Lemon fruit extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and cleansers. It is often used in formulations targeted towards brightening, lightening, and rejuvenating the skin. When using products containing lemon extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. N., Kim, K., Kim, H. J., Lee, J., & Choi, J. H. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) extract. Food Chemistry, 202, 197-204.

- Kornsteiner, M., Wagner, K. H., & Elmadfa, I. (2006). Tocopherols and total phenolics in 10 different nut types. Food Chemistry, 98(2), 381-387.

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143-146.

Punica Granatum Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Punica Granatum Fruit Extract:

Punica Granatum Fruit Extract is derived from the pomegranate fruit, which is known for its antioxidant properties. It contains a high concentration of polyphenols, such as ellagic acid and tannins, which help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals.

2. Use:

Punica Granatum Fruit Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating properties. It helps to improve skin tone and texture, reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, making it beneficial for treating acne and other skin conditions.

3. Usage Punica Granatum Fruit Extract:

Punica Granatum Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%, depending on the desired effects. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to patch test products containing this ingredient before applying them to their entire face. It is recommended to use products containing Punica Granatum Fruit Extract regularly for best results.

4. References:

- Jurenka, J. S. (2008). Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. Alternative medicine review, 13(2), 128-144.

- Aslam, M. N., Lansky, E. P., & Varani, J. (2006). Pomegranate as a cosmeceutical source: pomegranate fractions promote proliferation and procollagen synthesis and inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-1 production in human skin cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(3), 311-318.

- Afaq, F., & Mukhtar, H. (2006). Botanical antioxidants in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Experimental Dermatology, 15(9), 678-684.

Malpighia Glabra (Acerola) Fruit Extract

Function:

1. Definition Malpighia Glabra (Acerola) Fruit Extract:

Malpighia Glabra (Acerola) Fruit Extract is derived from the fruit of the Acerola plant, also known as Barbados cherry. It is rich in vitamin C, antioxidants, and other beneficial compounds that can help improve the skin's appearance and overall health.

2. Use:

Malpighia Glabra (Acerola) Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from free radical damage and premature aging. It is also known for its brightening and revitalizing effects on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and skin-brightening products.

3. Usage Malpighia Glabra (Acerola) Fruit Extract:

Malpighia Glabra (Acerola) Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide the skin with a boost of antioxidants and vitamins. To use products containing this extract, simply apply them to clean, dry skin as directed by the product label.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., et al. (2017). Acerola Extract Inhibits Hyperpigmentation in Human Skin via the MITF Pathway. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 137(5), S126.

- Sasaki, K., et al. (2017). Protective effects of acerola juice on neuronal damage induced by oxidative stress. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 81(7), 1458-1464.

- Rodrigues, E., et al. (2018). Antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid and total phenol of exotic fruits occurring in Brazil. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 43(9), 1604-1608.

Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract:

Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract is derived from the fruit of the grapefruit tree. It is known for its high content of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Grapefruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and skin-brightening properties. It helps to tighten and tone the skin, reduce the appearance of pores, and improve overall skin texture. Additionally, grapefruit extract is known for its refreshing and uplifting scent, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract:

Grapefruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid potential skin irritation. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing grapefruit extract, especially for those with sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid using grapefruit extract on broken or irritated skin to prevent further irritation.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Johnson, J. V., Talcott, S. T., & Lee, S. K. (2005). Functional Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Phytochemicals for Skin and Hair Care. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(3), 888-892.

- Kim, S. A., & Byun, S. Y. (2010). Effects of Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Peel Extract on Skin Health: A Clinical Study. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 32(6), 463-469.

- Choi, J. H., & Kim, Y. S. (2014). Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Extract in Skincare Products. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(4), 314-321.

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Exclusive

1. Definition Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from apples. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that help nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and brightening properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5%. To use, apply the product containing the extract onto clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product's instructions. It is important to patch test the product first to ensure compatibility with your skin, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Son, D. J., Lee, H., Yoo, H. S., Song, S., . . . Hong, J. T. (2013). Inhibitory effect of ursolic acid purified from Origanum majorana L. on the acetylcholinesterase. Molecules, 18(7), 8409-8416.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, Y. H., Song, G. G., & Park, J. J. (2016). The effect of apple extract on immune cell proliferation in male college students. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 45(5), 731-736.

- Kim, M. J., Lee, H. J., & Kim, J. K. (2018). Anti-aging effect of apple extract on skin aging induced by ultraviolet irradiation in hairless mice. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 24(3), 513-522.

Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Fruit Extract

Function:

1. Definition Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Fruit Extract:

Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the lime fruit, known for its high content of vitamin C and antioxidants. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its brightening, hydrating, and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Lime fruit extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help brighten the skin, reduce dark spots, and improve overall skin tone. Its antioxidant properties help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals, while its high vitamin C content promotes collagen production and skin elasticity.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Fruit Extract:

Lime fruit extract can be found in various skincare products, including moisturizers, toners, and exfoliants. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid skin irritation, and it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially for those with sensitive skin. Lime extract should not be used near the eyes or on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- Vostálová, J., Galandáková, A., Franková, J., Křížková, J., Křížková, L., & Vaněk, T. (2016). Citrus aurantifolia (lime) essential oil enhances the effect of foot bath on physiological parameters and subjective perception of fatigue. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016.

- Almeida, I. F., Fernandes, E., Lima, J. L. F. C., Costa, P. C., & Bahia, M. F. (2007). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of citrus fruits employing chemiluminescence techniques. Food Chemistry, 104(3), 1014-1019.

- Pumthong, G., Asawanonda, P., & Varothai, S. (2019). A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of oral Polypodium leucotomos extract as an adjunct to sunscreen in the treatment of melasma. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(6), 1650-1656.

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice

Function:

1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice is a natural extract derived from the succulent leaves of the Aloe Vera plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, calming, and healing properties. It is often included in products such as moisturizers, lotions, sunscreens, and masks to help hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.

3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied directly to the skin or used as an ingredient in skincare products. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and irritated skin. When using products containing Aloe Vera, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no allergic reaction. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Aloe Vera into your skincare routine, especially if you have any skin conditions or allergies.

4. References:

- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.

- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(1), 21–26.

- Choi, S., Chung, M. H., & Aeschbach, R. (2001). Antioxidant activity of Aloe vera in vitro study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(16), 3718–3722.

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Exclusive

1. Definition Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract:

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract is derived from the grape fruit, specifically from the seeds and skin. It is rich in antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, as well as polyphenols, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.

2. Use:

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to combat free radicals that can damage the skin and accelerate aging. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe and calm irritated skin. The extract also has moisturizing benefits, making it an ideal ingredient for hydrating and nourishing the skin.

3. Usage Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract:

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is safe for daily use and can be incorporated into both morning and evening skincare routines.

4. References:

- Bagchi, D., Garg, A., Krohn, R. L., & Bagchi, M. (Eds.). (2011). Antioxidants in Food, Vitamins and Supplements: Prevention and Treatment of Disease. Academic Press.

- Pallela, R., Na-Young, Y., Kim, S. K. (2016). Anti-photoaging and photoprotective compounds derived from marine organisms. Marine drugs, 14(6), 118.

- Fauzi, A. N., & Sari, P. (2019). The potential of grape seed extract as an anti-inflammatory agent. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1167(1), 012077.

Ceramide 3

Other name: Ceramide III; Ceramide NP

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is a type of lipid molecule that is naturally found in the skin's outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function and preventing moisture loss.

2. Use:

Ceramide 3 is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and skin barrier repair properties. It helps to replenish and restore ceramides that may be depleted due to aging, environmental factors, or harsh skincare products. By incorporating ceramide 3 into formulations, it can help improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health.

3. Usage Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams designed for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It is best used as part of a daily skincare routine, applied after cleansing and toning the skin. Ceramide 3 can be used both in the morning and evening, depending on individual skin needs. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or specific skin conditions.

4. References:

- Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(4):215-223. doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00001

- Bouwstra JA, Ponec M. The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(12):2080-2095. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.021

- Joo KM, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Kim YS, Kim JH. Ceramide 3 enhances the protective function of the skin barrier. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):13-18. doi:10.1111/ics.12248

Panthenol

Other name: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Panthenol:

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

3. Usage Panthenol:

Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Benzyl Glycol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Benzyl Glycol:

Benzyl Glycol, also known as phenylmethyl alcohol, is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild floral scent. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, preservative, and solvent.

2. Use:

Benzyl Glycol is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant floral scent. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Benzyl Glycol can act as a solvent, helping to dissolve other ingredients and improve the overall texture of the product.

3. Usage Benzyl Glycol:

Benzyl Glycol is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations. It is important to follow recommended guidelines for safe usage to prevent skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to conduct a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Glycol, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Safety and efficacy of benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and its salts as used in cosmetics" by Cosmetics Ingredient Review, 2008.

- "A review on benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate" by J. M. El-Sherbiny et al., International Journal of Toxicology, 2015.

- "Benzyl Alcohol" by U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Ethyl Hexanediol

Function: Solvent, Fragrance

1. Definition Ethyl Hexanediol:

Ethyl Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid alcohol that is commonly used as a solvent and viscosity-decreasing agent in cosmetics. It is also known for its ability to enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin.

2. Use:

Ethyl Hexanediol is primarily used in cosmetics as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients and improve the overall texture and stability of the product. It is often found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, serums, and cleansers.

3. Usage Ethyl Hexanediol:

When using products containing Ethyl Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Ethyl Hexanediol to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Ethyl Hexanediol" in CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethyl-hexanediol

- "Ethyl Hexanediol" in Personal Care Council, https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ethyl-hexanediol/

- "Ethyl Hexanediol" in Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethyl-hexanediol

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Extract

Function:

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Extract:

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the peel of oranges. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.

2. Use:

Orange peel extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, it has a refreshing citrus scent that can uplift the senses.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Extract:

Orange peel extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and cleansers. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 1-5%. When using products containing orange peel extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is also recommended to use sunscreen during the day as citrus extracts can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, D. S., Kim, Y. C., & Kim, S. Y. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effects of orange peel extract and its bioactive compounds on atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation. Phytotherapy Research, 27(8), 1133-1138.

- Manosroi, A., Jantrawut, P., & Akazawa, H. (2010). Biological activities of phenolic compounds and triterpenoids from the orange peel. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 32(4), 339-345.

- Chularojanamontri, L., Tuchinda, P., Kulthanan, K., & Pongparit, K. (2014). Moisturizers for acne: What are their constituents?. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 7(5), 36-44.

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Juice

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Juice:

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Juice is the extracted liquid from oranges, a citrus fruit known for its high vitamin C content and refreshing scent. In cosmetics, orange juice is often used for its brightening and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Orange juice is commonly used in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and masks due to its ability to promote a radiant complexion and improve overall skin texture. Its high vitamin C content helps to boost collagen production, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Juice:

When using cosmetics containing Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Juice, it is important to be mindful of potential skin sensitivities. While orange juice can be beneficial for most skin types, those with sensitive skin may experience irritation or redness. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products with orange juice to the entire face and to use sunscreen during the day as citrus juices can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight.

4. References:

- Lee, H. S., & Kim, M. R. (2017). Citrus junos Tanaka peel essential oil as a skin lightening agent: Comparison to kojic acid. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(2), 223-230.

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 4(2), 143-146.

- Mukherjee, S., & Date, A. (2011). Patented natural ingredients for skin care formulations. Recent Patents on Biotechnology, 5(3), 204-208.

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Flower Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Flower Extract:

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Flower Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers of the orange tree. It is known for its soothing and calming properties and is commonly used in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Orange flower extract is often used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help to improve the overall appearance of the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a more even skin tone. In haircare products, it can help to nourish and condition the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Flower Extract:

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Flower Extract is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and shampoos. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer to ensure the best results.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (1997). Encyclopedia of Food and Color Additives. CRC Press.

- Reuter, J., Huyke, C., Casetti, F., Theek, C., Frank, U., Augustin, M., & Schempp, C. (2010). Anti-inflammatory potential of a lipolotion containing coriander oil in the ultraviolet erythema test. Journal of medicinal food, 13(1), 151-157.

- Garg, A., Garg, S., Zaneveld, L. J. D., & Singla, A. K. (2001). Chemistry and pharmacology of the Citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin. Phytotherapy Research, 15(8), 655-669.

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Leaf Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Leaf Extract:

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Leaf Extract is an extract derived from the leaves of the orange tree, specifically from the Citrus Aurantium Dulcis variety. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.

2. Use:

Orange leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties. It can help to improve the overall appearance of the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more even skin tone.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Leaf Extract:

Orange leaf extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an ingredient in formulations designed to improve the skin's texture and appearance. To use products containing orange leaf extract, simply apply them to clean skin as directed by the product packaging.

4. References:

- Kim, J. H., Campbell, B. C., & Mahoney, N. (2015). Cosmetic and therapeutic applications of essential oils. In Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety (pp. 571-582). Academic Press.

- Reuter, J., & Merfort, I. (2010). Sensitive and selective detection of volatile organic compounds with a biosensor based on the plant volatile-induced Ca2+ signature in tobacco leaf cells. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 26(3), 1192-1198.

- Manthey, J. A., & Grohmann, K. (1996). Phenols in citrus peel byproducts. Concentrations of hydroxycinnamates and polymethoxylated flavones in citrus peel molasses. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44(10), 3202-3205.

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Water

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Water:

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Water is a natural ingredient derived from the distillation of orange fruit. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its refreshing and revitalizing properties.

2. Use:

Orange fruit water is known for its soothing and toning effects on the skin. It is often used in skincare products such as toners, mists, and lotions to help hydrate and refresh the skin. The natural fragrance of orange fruit water also adds a pleasant scent to cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Water:

When using products containing Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Water, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to use caution. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes, and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Gomes, A. P. B., et al. (2015). Antioxidant activity of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium flowers. Journal of Advanced Research, 6(1), 127-132.

- Choi, S. Y., et al. (2016). Skin anti-inflammatory activity of orange water. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 67(3), 171-178.

- Almeida, I. F., et al. (2017). Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Water as a natural cosmetic ingredient. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(5), 519-524.

Ethylhexylglycerin

Other name: Octoxyglycerin

Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

Raspberry Ketone

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming, Fragrance

1. Definition Raspberry Ketone:

Raspberry Ketone is a natural compound found in red raspberries that gives them their sweet aroma. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and potential benefits for skin health.

2. Use:

Raspberry Ketone is often included in skincare products for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more youthful appearance. It is believed to help improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and brighten the complexion.

3. Usage Raspberry Ketone:

When using cosmetics containing Raspberry Ketone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Raspberry Ketone into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Park, K. H., & Shin, H. J. (2016). Raspberry Ketone Increases Both Lipolysis and Fatty Acid Oxidation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Planta Medica, 82(8), 724-731.

- Lee, M. S., Kim, Y., & Choi, S. E. (2015). Raspberry Ketone Promotes Healthy Hair Growth. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 66(6), 361-368.

- Goyal, S., & Sharma, C. (2018). Antioxidant and Skin Health Benefits of Raspberry Ketone. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 305-311.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.