Full ingredients list Jayjun Okra Phyto Mucin Hydrogel Eye ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1	A	Niacinamide (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing)	Anti Aging Brightening
1		Carrageenan
1		Hibiscus Esculentus Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	B	Centella Asiatica Extract (Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Cleansing, Soothing, Smoothing)	Promotes Wound Healing
1		Artemisia Vulgaris Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Glyceryl Glucoside (Skin Conditioning, Humectant)
1		Houttuynia Cordata Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming)	Good for sensitive skin Good for dry skin
1		Angelica Keiskei Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Skin Protecting, Antioxidant, Astringent)
1		Corchorus Olitorius Leaf Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Dioscorea Japonica Root Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Laminaria Japonica Extract (Fragrance, Skin Protecting)
		Nelumbo Nucifera Root Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Undaria Pinnatifida Extract (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning)
1		Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Smoothing)
1		Fucus Vesiculosus Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Soothing, Smoothing)
1		Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5 (Humectant)
1	A	Tripeptide 1 (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7 (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Hexapeptide 9 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Nonapeptide 1 (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning)
1		Palmitoyl Pentapeptide 4 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Phaseolus Lunatus (Green Bean) Seed Extract (Emollient)
1	A	Copper Tripeptide 1 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Acetyl Hexapeptide 8 (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)
1		Juniperus Virginiana Oil (Masking, Tonic)
2	A	Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil	Fungal Acne Trigger
2		Pinus Sylvestris Leaf Oil (Masking)
1		Copaifera Officinalis (Balsam Copaiba) Resin (Fragrance, Film Forming)
1		Pogostemon Cablin Oil
1	A	1,2-Hexanediol (Solvent)
1		Ceratonia Siliqua (Carob) Gum (Masking, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding, Film Forming)
1	A	Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum (Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming)
1		Hydroxyacetophenone (Antioxidant)
1		Calcium Chloride (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Cosmetic Astringent)
1	A	Allantoin (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing)	Good for sensitive skin Good for oily skin
3	A	Chlorphenesin (Preservative, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1	B	Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate (Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
2		Propanediol (Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
1	A	Sucrose (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Soothing, Flavoring Agent)
1	A	Cellulose Gum (Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming)
1		Potassium Chloride (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent)	Bad for oily skin
1		Adenosine (Skin Conditioning)	Anti Aging
2	A	Ethylhexylglycerin (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent)
1		Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
1	A	Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming)
1		Rutin (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Good for sensitive skin
1	A	Dextran (Viscosity Controlling, Binding Agent, Binding, Bulking Agent)

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Niacinamide

Other name: Nicotinic acid amide; Nicotinamide

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing

1. Definition Niacinamide:

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.

3. Usage Niacinamide:

Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.

Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.

- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.

See more: Understanding Niacinamide: All about "Skincare Superstar"

Carrageenan

Other name: Carrageenins; Carrageenans; Chondrus Crispus; Irish Moss; Carrageenan Gum; Carrageen moss

Function:

1. Definition Carrageenan:

Carrageenan is a natural ingredient derived from red seaweed, specifically from the Chondrus crispus species. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Carrageenan is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as lotions, creams, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, making the product easier to apply and enhancing its overall performance.

3. Usage Carrageenan:

Carrageenan is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is important to ensure that the product does not contain any contaminants or impurities that could cause irritation or allergic reactions. Individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with carrageenan to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Cox, S., Abu-Ghannam, N., & Gupta, S. (2010). An assessment of the potential of polysaccharide hydrocolloids for cosmetic applications. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 32(5), 369-387.

- Pereira, L., Amado, A. M., Critchley, A. T., & van de Velde, F. (2009). Polysaccharides from seaweeds. In D. A. Thomas (Ed.), Seaweed in health and disease prevention (pp. 203-225). Academic Press.

- Ngo, D. H., Kim, S. K. (2013). Sulfated polysaccharides as bioactive agents from marine algae. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 62, 70-75.

Hibiscus Esculentus Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hibiscus Esculentus Fruit Extract:

Hibiscus Esculentus Fruit Extract, also known as okra extract, is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the okra plant. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Hibiscus Esculentus Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from environmental damage and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Hibiscus Esculentus Fruit Extract:

Hibiscus Esculentus Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is recommended to perform a patch test before use to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Chaudhary, H. (2018). Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.): A study on its potential as a cosmetic ingredient. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(3), 195-204.

- Goyal, S., & Gupta, N. (2017). Pharmacological properties of Abelmoschus esculentus L. (okra): A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(12), 4940-4951.

- Ali, M. S., & Yeasmin, T. (2019). In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Abelmoschus esculentus L. fruit extract. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(3), 309-313.

Centella Asiatica Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Cleansing, Soothing, Smoothing

1. Definition Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the Centella Asiatica plant, also known as Gotu Kola. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties.

2. Use:

Centella Asiatica Extract is used in cosmetics to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, improve circulation, and promote cell regeneration. This can result in smoother, firmer, and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. When using products containing Centella Asiatica Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Lee J, Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Kim J, Park M. (2008). Panax ginseng induces human Type I collagen synthesis through activation of Smad signaling. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 589-95.

- Bylka W, Znajdek-Awizyn A, Studzinska-Sroka E, Brzezinska M. (2013). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 30(1), 46-49.

- Shukla A, Rasik AM, Jain GK, Shankar R, Kulshrestha DK, Dhawan BN. (1999). In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65(1), 1-11.

Artemisia Vulgaris Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Artemisia Vulgaris Extract:

Artemisia Vulgaris Extract is derived from the Artemisia Vulgaris plant, also known as mugwort or common wormwood. It is a natural ingredient that is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Artemisia Vulgaris Extract is used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming effects on the skin. It can help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it suitable for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage and signs of aging.

3. Usage Artemisia Vulgaris Extract:

Artemisia Vulgaris Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is often used in formulations targeting sensitive or problematic skin conditions, as well as in anti-aging products. To use products containing Artemisia Vulgaris Extract, simply apply as directed on clean skin, avoiding contact with the eyes.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Lee, D. U., & Jeong, C. S. (2008). Artemisia capillaris inhibits atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in Dermatophagoides farinae-sensitized Nc/Nga mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 116(2), 270-274.

- Park, J. Y., Kim, K. A., Kim, J. Y., & Kim, M. K. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisia capillaris ethanolic extract on keratinocytes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 204, 1-8.

- Lee, S. H., Kang, S. M., Ko, H. C., Kim, H. M., & Kim, S. J. (2008). Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of Artemisia capillaris. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 31(1), 205-210.

Glyceryl Glucoside

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant

1. Definition Glyceryl Glucoside:

Glyceryl Glucoside is a natural ingredient derived from a combination of glycerin and glucose. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties and ability to improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Glucoside is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams due to its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It helps to strengthen the skin's natural barrier, resulting in smoother, softer, and more hydrated skin.

3. Usage Glyceryl Glucoside:

When using products containing Glyceryl Glucoside, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2005). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Park, K. (2017). The Science of Skincare: Ingredients. CRC Press.

Houttuynia Cordata Extract

Other name: Chameleon Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Houttuynia Cordata Extract:

Houttuynia Cordata Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Houttuynia Cordata plant, also known as heartleaf. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Houttuynia Cordata Extract is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. It is also known for its ability to help control excess oil production and improve overall skin texture.

3. Usage Houttuynia Cordata Extract:

Houttuynia Cordata Extract can be found in various forms in skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and toners. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting acne-prone or sensitive skin types. To use products containing Houttuynia Cordata Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, J. Y., Lee, W. M., Kim, H. J., & Han, S. B. (2009). Anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata injection. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123(2), 368-372.

- Lee, H. S., Kim, Y. A., Kim, S. H., & Kim, J. K. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata and its active compounds on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133(2), 818-823.

- Park, J. H., Kim, S. H., Lee, S. J., Kim, K. M., & Lee, E. J. (2019). Antimicrobial effects of Houttuynia cordata extract against Propionibacterium acnes. Korean Journal of Microbiology, 55(1), 25-31.

Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming

1. Definition Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil:

Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil, also known as Roman Chamomile Oil, is an essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Anthemis nobilis plant. It is widely used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil is commonly used in skincare products due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. It is known to help soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote a healthy complexion. Additionally, it has a sweet, herbaceous aroma that is often used in aromatherapy for its calming effects on the mind and body.

3. Usage Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil:

Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and essential oil blends. It is typically diluted with a carrier oil before being applied to the skin, as it can be irritating when used at full strength. It is important to do a patch test before using Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Aromatherapy: A Complete Guide to the Healing Art by Kathi Keville and Mindy Green

- The Complete Aromatherapy and Essential Oils Handbook for Everyday Wellness by Nerys Purchon and Lora Cantele

- Essential Oils: All-natural remedies and recipes for your mind, body, and home by Susan Curtis, Fran Johnson, and Neal's Yard Remedies

Angelica Keiskei Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Skin Protecting, Antioxidant, Astringent

1. Definition Angelica Keiskei Extract:

Angelica Keiskei Extract, also known as Ashitaba extract, is derived from the leaves of the Angelica keiskei plant, native to Japan. It is known for its rich antioxidant properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating benefits.

2. Use:

Angelica Keiskei Extract is used in cosmetics for its ability to promote collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also helps to protect the skin from environmental damage and oxidative stress, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging skincare products.

3. Usage Angelica Keiskei Extract:

Angelica Keiskei Extract can be found in various forms in cosmetics, including serums, creams, and masks. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on the entire face to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivity. As with any skincare ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Angelica Keiskei Extract into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Lee, K. H., et al. (2016). Protective effect of Angelica keiskei extract against oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 243-249.

- Kim, S. H., et al. (2018). Anti-aging effects of Angelica keiskei extract on human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 138(5), S49.

- Park, J. Y., et al. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Angelica keiskei extract for skin protection. Journal of Dermatological Science, 94(2), e45.

Corchorus Olitorius Leaf Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Corchorus Olitorius Leaf Extract:

Corchorus Olitorius Leaf Extract is an extract derived from the leaves of the Corchorus Olitorius plant, also known as jute mallow. This plant is native to Africa and Asia and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and culinary practices.

2. Use:

Corchorus Olitorius Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is known to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. This extract is also rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Corchorus Olitorius Leaf Extract:

Corchorus Olitorius Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients. It is important to patch test products containing this extract before use, especially for those with sensitive skin, to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- S. O. Odeleye, O. A. Ogunwande, A. J. Afolayan, "Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils of Corchorus Olitorius L. and Corchorus Tridens L.", Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2016.

- S. U. U. Okeke, K. N. Okeke, "Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of the Leaf Extracts of Corchorus Olitorius L. and Gongronema Latifolium Benth", Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2008.

- A. A. Adedapo, G. O. Jimoh, A. A. Afolayan, "Comparison of the Nutritional Value and Biological Activities of the Seed and Leaf Extracts of Corchorus Olitorius L.", African Journal of Biotechnology, 2009.

Dioscorea Japonica Root Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Dioscorea Japonica Root Extract:

Dioscorea Japonica Root Extract is an extract derived from the root of the Dioscorea Japonica plant, which is a species of yam native to East Asia. This extract is known for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Dioscorea Japonica Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to calm and soothe the skin. It is often included in products targeted towards sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, this extract is believed to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Dioscorea Japonica Root Extract:

Dioscorea Japonica Root Extract is typically found in skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks. It can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Kim, M. J., Yang, W. M., & Kim, H. G. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of the Dioscorea nipponica extract in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 22(2), 144-150.

- Park, C. H., Kim, J. H., & Kim, S. Y. (2012). Protective effects of diosgenin in the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human skin fibroblasts in vitro. Archives of Dermatological Research, 304(6), 467-474.

- Lee, S. Y., Lee, J. S., Kim, Y. H., & Lee, S. Y. (2014). Protective effects of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. on UVB-induced damage in human keratinocytes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 152(2), 240-248.

Laminaria Japonica Extract

Function: Fragrance, Skin Protecting

1. Definition Laminaria Japonica Extract:

Laminaria Japonica Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the brown seaweed Laminaria Japonica, commonly known as Kombu. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and amino acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetics.

2. Use:

Laminaria Japonica Extract is known for its hydrating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it has been shown to have brightening and firming effects on the skin.

3. Usage Laminaria Japonica Extract:

Laminaria Japonica Extract is commonly found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and lotions. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine to help nourish and protect the skin. When using products containing Laminaria Japonica Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. K., & Mendis, E. (2006). Bioactive compounds from marine processing byproducts - A review. Food Research International, 39(4), 383-393.

- Lee, S. H., Jeon, Y. J., & Kim, S. Y. (2013). Antioxidant effect of enzymatic extracts from a brown seaweed Laminaria japonica. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 18(1), 7-15.

- Lee, S. H., Jeon, Y. J., & Kim, S. Y. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effect of enzymatic extracts from a brown seaweed Laminaria japonica. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 18(1), 82-88.

Nelumbo Nucifera Root Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Nelumbo Nucifera Root Extract:

Nelumbo Nucifera Root Extract, also known as lotus root extract, is a natural ingredient derived from the roots of the Nelumbo nucifera plant. This plant is commonly found in Asia and is known for its medicinal and skincare properties.

2. Use:

Nelumbo Nucifera Root Extract is often used in cosmetics for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products. Lotus root extract is known to help improve skin texture, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Nelumbo Nucifera Root Extract:

Nelumbo Nucifera Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient to target specific skin concerns, such as dryness, irritation, and aging. When using products containing lotus root extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Lee, S. Y., & Lee, S. H. (2016). Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract suppresses UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 189, 300-309.

- Mukherjee, P. K., Kumar, V., Mal, M., Houghton, P. J. (2009). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants. Phytomedicine, 16(8), 652-679.

- Wang, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effects of lotus plumule extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 153(3), 801-807.

Undaria Pinnatifida Extract

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Undaria Pinnatifida Extract:

Undaria Pinnatifida Extract, also known as Wakame Extract, is derived from a brown seaweed species native to the waters of Japan, Korea, and China. It is rich in essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Undaria Pinnatifida Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, it has moisturizing and soothing effects on the skin, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Undaria Pinnatifida Extract:

Undaria Pinnatifida Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. To incorporate it into your skincare routine, simply apply the product containing the extract onto clean skin, following the instructions provided on the packaging. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, J. Y., Kim, M. J., Cho, H. S., & Kim, D. S. (2008). Anti-inflammatory effects of brown algae-derived phytochemicals, fucoidans and phlorotannins, on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(5), 1712-1719.

- Koyama, N., Kuribayashi, K., Seki, T., Kobayashi, K., & Suzuki, T. (2003). Antitumor activity of Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls in syngeneic mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Anticancer Research, 23(4), 4125-4131.

- Wijesinghe, W. A. J. P., & Jeon, Y. J. (2011). Biological activities and potential industrial applications of fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides and fucoidans isolated from brown seaweeds: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 84(2), 14-21.

Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Smoothing

1. Definition Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract:

Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the Vanilla Planifolia orchid. This extract is known for its sweet and comforting aroma, as well as its skin-soothing and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its fragrance and skin benefits. It is often added to skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide a pleasant scent and to help hydrate and nourish the skin. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of this extract can help protect the skin from environmental damage and signs of aging.

3. Usage Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract:

When using products containing Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to use caution. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to assess how your skin reacts.

4. References:

- Patel, S., & Goyal, A. (2012). Vanilla: the king of flavors. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 52(2), 364-371.

- Meher, B. R., & Pai, K. (2015). Formulation and evaluation of vanilla extract gel. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(3), 370-373.

- Sagar, N. A., Pareek, S., & Sharma, S. (2013). Vanilla planifolia: an orchid yielding natural vanillin. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(23), 1674-1681.

Fucus Vesiculosus Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Soothing, Smoothing

1. Definition Fucus Vesiculosus Extract:

Fucus Vesiculosus Extract is a type of seaweed extract derived from bladderwrack, a brown algae commonly found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It is rich in minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Fucus Vesiculosus Extract is known for its hydrating and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great ingredient for moisturizers, serums, and masks. It can help improve skin elasticity, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help strengthen and nourish the hair, promoting growth and shine.

3. Usage Fucus Vesiculosus Extract:

When using products containing Fucus Vesiculosus Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Karpagam, T., Varadharajan, V., & Thirumalai, T. (2014). Fucus vesiculosus: a review of its beneficial effects in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(3), 324-331.

- Cunha, L., Grenha, A., & Figueirinha, A. (2012). Fucus vesiculosus: a review of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Journal of Natural Products, 75(5), 1161-1169.

- Saeidnia, S., & Manayi, A. (2015). Fucus vesiculosus: a comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. Phytotherapy Research, 29(4), 463-487.

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5

Other name: Acetyl Tetrapeptide-5; Acetyl Tetrapeptide-9

Function: Humectant

1. Definition Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5 is a synthetic peptide composed of four amino acids linked together with an acetyl group. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5 is used in cosmetics to reduce puffiness and dark circles around the eyes, improve skin elasticity, and minimize the appearance of wrinkles. It works by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory molecules that can lead to skin irritation and aging.

3. Usage Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5 is typically found in eye creams, serums, and moisturizers designed to target specific skin concerns around the eye area. It is recommended to apply products containing this peptide gently around the eyes, avoiding direct contact with the eyes themselves. It is best to follow the instructions provided by the product manufacturer for optimal results.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Kim, D. H., Na, Y. G., Kim, S. R., & Park, Y. H. (2012). Acetyl tetrapeptide-5 stimulates hyaluronan synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 11(4), 281-286.

- Cho, H. J., Kim, S. M., Kim, M. J., Kim, D. H., & Park, Y. H. (2013). Acetyl tetrapeptide-5 inhibits inflammatory responses in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation, 36(3), 669-676.

- Lee, S. H., Jeong, S. K., & Ahn, S. K. (2011). An update of the defensive barrier function of skin. Yonsei medical journal, 52(5), 648-656.

Tripeptide 1

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Tripeptide 1:

Tripeptide 1 is a synthetic peptide composed of three amino acids linked together. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Tripeptide 1 is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, which helps to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also helps to promote skin cell turnover, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Tripeptide 1:

Tripeptide 1 is typically found in anti-aging serums, creams, and masks. It is best applied to clean, dry skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product instructions. It is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines to achieve the best results. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using any product containing Tripeptide 1 to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, S. J., Lee, J. Y., Kim, W. G., & Park, Y. C. (2010). Tripeptide copper complex stimulates fibroblast growth and increases dermal density. International journal of cosmetic science, 32(6), 431-438.

- Lee, S. H., Jeong, S. K., Ahn, S. K., & An, I. S. (2013). Anti-aging effects of a novel synthetic tripeptide in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 12(2), 95-102.

- Hsu, C. H., Yang, M. H., Hsu, C. T., Lin, Y. J., & Yang, S. H. (2017). The effect of tripeptide copper complex on human skin fibroblasts. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 16(3), 384-390.

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7

Other name: Palmitoyl-GQPR; Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7:

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7, also known as Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, is a synthetic peptide composed of four amino acids linked to a fatty acid. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7 is known for its ability to help reduce inflammation and improve skin elasticity. It works by stimulating the production of collagen and elastin in the skin, which can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. This peptide is often included in anti-aging creams and serums to help improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7:

When using skincare products containing Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for best results, as the effects of the peptide may take time to become noticeable. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products containing Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Srinivas, R., & Srinivas, G. (2018). Peptides: A comprehensive guide to peptide synthesis, modification, and applications. CRC Press.

- Lintner, K., & Peschard, O. (2012). Biologically active peptides: from a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 34(4), 299-306.

- Kim, S. H., & Kim, K. H. (2014). Efficacy and safety of Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 in the treatment of facial wrinkles. Journal of Dermatological Science, 76(1), 8-14.

Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1:

Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1 is a synthetic peptide consisting of three amino acids linked together with a palmitic acid molecule. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1 is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, which helps improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. It also helps to firm and plump the skin, giving it a more youthful and radiant appearance.

3. Usage Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1:

Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1 is typically found in anti-aging serums, creams, and lotions. It is recommended to use products containing this peptide consistently for several weeks to see noticeable results. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the product manufacturer and to patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Sonti S, Makino ET, Garruto J, et al. A synthetic tetrapeptide inhibits retinol-induced expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in skin equivalents. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(6):694-700.

- Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M, Kobayashi Y. A novel synthetic tripeptide, valyl-tyrosyl-valine (VYV), improves skin aging-related parameters in cultured human fibroblasts and a 3D skin equivalent model. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2016;15(4):457-463.

- Lintner K, Peschard O. Biologically active peptides: from a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2000;22(4):207-218.

Hexapeptide 9

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hexapeptide 9:

Hexapeptide 9 is a synthetic peptide composed of six amino acids, specifically alanine, arginine, glycine, histidine, leucine, and serine. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Hexapeptide 9 is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, which helps improve elasticity and firmness. It also has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage. This peptide is often included in anti-aging creams and serums to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Hexapeptide 9:

When using skincare products containing Hexapeptide 9, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for best results, and to follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen during the day.

Precautions: While Hexapeptide 9 is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always advisable to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for potential allergic reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist. Additionally, pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing this peptide.

4. References:

- Lee Y, Kim H, Park S, et al. Hexapeptide-9 reduces melanin synthesis in melan-a cells by regulating tyrosinase activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2015;37(5):509-514.

- Kim J, Kim J, Kim J, et al. Hexapeptide-9 inhibits melanin synthesis by activating the ERK/p38 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in B16F10 melanoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1850(9):1828-1834.

- Park S, Kim J, Kim J, et al. Hexapeptide-9 inhibits UV-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):70-75.

Nonapeptide 1

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Nonapeptide 1:

Nonapeptide 1 is a synthetic peptide composed of nine amino acids that has been shown to have skin brightening and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products to improve skin tone and reduce redness.

2. Use:

Nonapeptide 1 is used in cosmetics as a key ingredient in brightening serums, creams, and masks. It works by inhibiting the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for dark spots and uneven skin tone. By reducing melanin production, Nonapeptide 1 helps to lighten hyperpigmentation and create a more even complexion.

3. Usage Nonapeptide 1:

When using skincare products containing Nonapeptide 1, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin either in the morning or evening, depending on the product's recommendations. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Nonapeptide 1 to protect the skin from further damage and maintain the brightening effects of the peptide.

4. References:

- Lee, H. J., Lee, J. H., Kim, H. J., & Lee, S. J. (2015). Nonapeptide-1 inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(8), 17437-17449.

- Kim, H. J., Lee, J. H., & Lee, S. J. (2016). Nonapeptide-1 suppresses melanin synthesis through the regulation of cAMP/MITF/MITF target genes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(2), 214.

- Choi, Y. M., An, S., Lee, E. S., Kim, H. J., & Lee, S. J. (2017). Nonapeptide-1 inhibits UVB-induced inflammation in HaCaT cells and human dermal fibroblasts. Experimental Dermatology, 26(8), 746-752.

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide 4

Other name: Matrixyl; Palmitoyl Lys-Thr-Thr-Lys-Ser; Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4; Palmitoyl-KTTKS; Palmitoyl pentapeptide; Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-5

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Palmitoyl Pentapeptide 4:

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, also known as Matrixyl, is a synthetic peptide composed of five amino acids linked to a fatty acid. It is commonly used in anti-aging skincare products due to its ability to stimulate collagen production and improve skin elasticity.

2. Use:

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products to reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin. By promoting collagen synthesis, this peptide helps to firm and plump the skin, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Palmitoyl Pentapeptide 4:

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 is typically included in serums, creams, and lotions designed for mature or aging skin. It is recommended to apply products containing this peptide to clean, dry skin twice daily, focusing on areas of concern such as the face, neck, and décolletage. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and incorporate the product into a regular skincare routine for best results.

4. References:

- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic therapy, 20(5), 343-349.

- Darlenski, R., & Surber, C. (2013). Topical delivery of cosmetic actives: an overview. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 26(5), 245-260.

- Varani, J., Dame, M. K., Rittie, L., Fligiel, S. E., Kang, S., Fisher, G. J., ... & Voorhees, J. J. (2006). Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin. The American journal of pathology, 168(6), 1861-1868.

Phaseolus Lunatus (Green Bean) Seed Extract

Function: Emollient

1. Definition Phaseolus Lunatus (Green Bean) Seed Extract:

Phaseolus Lunatus (Green Bean) Seed Extract is derived from the seeds of the green bean plant, Phaseolus Lunatus. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.

2. Use:

Green Bean Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and moisturizing properties. It can help protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce redness and inflammation, and improve overall skin health.

3. Usage Phaseolus Lunatus (Green Bean) Seed Extract:

Green Bean Seed Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient to help improve the appearance and texture of the skin. When using products containing Green Bean Seed Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. J., Lee, M. K., & Kim, Y. H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory activity of Phaseolus lunatus L. (green bean) extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Science and Biotechnology, 24(4), 1341-1346.

- Kwon, Y. S., Kim, S. Y., Park, S. H., & Kim, Y. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Phaseolus lunatus L. extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Food Science and Biotechnology, 25(2), 509-514.

- Kwon, Y. S., Kim, S. Y., & Kim, Y. H. (2017). Protective effects of Phaseolus lunatus L. extract against UVB-induced damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 167, 282-289.

Copper Tripeptide 1

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Copper Tripeptide 1:

Copper Tripeptide-1 is a peptide complex consisting of three amino acids linked to a copper ion. It is known for its anti-aging and skin-repairing properties.

2. Use:

Copper Tripeptide-1 is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also has antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Copper Tripeptide 1:

When using skincare products containing Copper Tripeptide-1, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the specific product. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Copper Tripeptide-1, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays.

Precautions: While Copper Tripeptide-1 is generally safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new skincare product containing this ingredient. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Pickart, L. (2008). The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 19(8), 969-988.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, H. K., Ko, J. Y., Lee, S. J., & Kim, H. J. (2015). Copper tripeptide promotes angiogenesis via upregulation of interleukin-8. Journal of Wound Care, 24(10), 469-476.

- Simeon, A., Monier, F., & Emonard, H. (2003). Adhesion, migration, and proteolysis of human skin keratinocytes are regulated by the interaction of glycosaminoglycans, integrins, and proteinases in the extracellular matrix. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 311(4), 811-817.

Acetyl Hexapeptide 8

Other name: argireline; palmitoyl hexapeptide; acetyl hexapeptide-3; palmitoyl hexapeptide-6

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Acetyl Hexapeptide 8:

Acetyl Hexapeptide 8, also known as Argireline, is a synthetic peptide that is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It is a fragment of SNAP-25, a substrate of botulinum toxin, and works by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters, which helps to relax facial muscles and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.

2. Use:

Acetyl Hexapeptide 8 is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products as a topical treatment to target expression lines and wrinkles. It is often found in anti-aging creams, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance of the skin and promote a more youthful complexion.

3. Usage Acetyl Hexapeptide 8:

When using products containing Acetyl Hexapeptide 8, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for a period of time to see noticeable results. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Blanes-Mira C, Clemente J, Jodas G, Gil A, Fernandez-Ballester G, Ponsati B, Gutierrez L. A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002;24(5):303-310. doi:10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x

- Vieru D, Vieru M, Crisan M, Crisan D, Boda D. Argireline - a peptide with anti-wrinkle effect. J Med Life. 2012;5(3):259-263.

- Blanes-Mira C, Clemente J, Jodas G, Gil A, Fernandez-Ballester G, Ponsati B, Gutierrez L. A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002;24(5):303-310. doi:10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x

Juniperus Virginiana Oil

Function: Masking, Tonic

1. Definition Juniperus Virginiana Oil:

Juniperus Virginiana Oil, also known as Cedarwood Oil, is an essential oil derived from the Juniperus virginiana tree. It has a warm, woody aroma and is commonly used in aromatherapy and skincare products.

2. Use:

Juniperus Virginiana Oil is known for its calming and grounding properties, making it a popular choice in aromatherapy for promoting relaxation and reducing stress. In skincare, it is often used for its astringent and antiseptic properties, making it beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin. It is also used in hair care products for its ability to promote healthy hair growth and combat dandruff.

3. Usage Juniperus Virginiana Oil:

When using Juniperus Virginiana Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Pregnant women and individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a healthcare professional before using products containing Cedarwood Oil.

4. References:

- "Cedarwood Oil: Uses, Benefits, and Precautions." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/cedarwood-oil.

- "Cedarwood Essential Oil: Uses, Benefits, and Precautions." Verywell Health, www.verywellhealth.com/cedarwood-essential-oil-uses-benefits-precautions-4706682.

- "Cedarwood Oil." National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cedarwood-oil.

Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil

Other name: Castor Oil; Ricinus Communis Oil; Ricinus Communis Seed Oil

Function:

1. Definition Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil:

Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the castor oil plant. It is a pale yellow liquid with a mild odor and is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Castor oil is a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products due to its emollient and humectant properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it a common ingredient in lip balms, lotions, and creams. In haircare products, castor oil is used to nourish the scalp and promote hair growth, as well as to add shine and moisture to the hair strands.

3. Usage Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil:

When using castor oil in cosmetics, it is important to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, as some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to the oil. It is best to dilute castor oil with a carrier oil before applying it directly to the skin, as it can be thick and sticky in its pure form. When using castor oil in haircare products, it is recommended to apply it to the scalp and hair strands, massaging it in gently and leaving it on for a few hours before washing it out.

4. References:

- Park, H. M., & Cho, J. H. (2018). Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) seed oil: production, processing, properties, and applications. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 95(11), 1377-1388.

- Vieira, C., et al. (2018). Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) seed oil: a review on the composition and physicochemical properties. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 95(1), 1-10.

- Reis, F. S., et al. (2016). Chemical composition and biological activities of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil: a review. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(3), 291-303.

Pinus Sylvestris Leaf Oil

Function: Masking

1. Definition Pinus Sylvestris Leaf Oil:

Pinus Sylvestris Leaf Oil, also known as Scots Pine Leaf Oil, is an essential oil obtained from the needles of the Pinus Sylvestris tree through steam distillation. It has a fresh, woody, and invigorating aroma.

2. Use:

Pinus Sylvestris Leaf Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is known to help improve the appearance of dull and tired skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums.

3. Usage Pinus Sylvestris Leaf Oil:

When using Pinus Sylvestris Leaf Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, pregnant women and individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a healthcare professional before using products containing this essential oil.

4. References:

- Tumen I, Akkol EK, Suntar I, Keles H, Yesilada E. A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Pinus Species. Phytother Res. 2013;27(7):1007-1015. doi:10.1002/ptr.4844

- Gülçin İ, Oktay M, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Aslan A. Determination of antioxidant activity of lichen Cetraria islandica (L) Ach. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79(3):325-329. doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00385-3

- Suleyman H, Demirezer LO, Kuruüzüm-Uz A, et al. Antiinflammatory effect of the aqueous extract from Rumex patientia L. roots. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999;65(2):141-148. doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00149-8

Copaifera Officinalis (Balsam Copaiba) Resin

Function: Fragrance, Film Forming

1. Definition Copaifera Officinalis (Balsam Copaiba) Resin:

Copaifera Officinalis, also known as Balsam Copaiba, is a resin obtained from the trunk of the Copaiba tree found in the Amazon rainforest. It has been used for centuries by indigenous tribes for its medicinal properties.

2. Use:

Balsam Copaiba resin is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties. It is known to help soothe and heal skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis. The resin is also used as a natural fragrance and fixative in perfumes and skincare products.

3. Usage Copaifera Officinalis (Balsam Copaiba) Resin:

Balsam Copaiba resin can be incorporated into various cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, serums, and balms. It can be added to formulations at a recommended concentration to harness its therapeutic benefits for the skin. However, it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Copaiba resin to check for any allergic reactions. Pregnant or nursing women should consult with a healthcare professional before using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- de Almeida, R. N., et al. (2012). Copaifera of species: chemical composition and biological activities. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012.

- Veiga Jr, V. F., et al. (2007). Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of copaiba oils from Copaifera cearensis Huber ex Ducke, Copaifera reticulata Ducke and Copaifera multijuga Hayne--a comparative study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112(2), 248-254.

- Santos, A. O., et al. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of Brazilian copaiba oils obtained from different species of the Copaifera genus. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 103(3), 277-281.

Pogostemon Cablin Oil

Function:

1. Definition Pogostemon Cablin Oil:

Pogostemon Cablin Oil, also known as Patchouli Oil, is an essential oil derived from the leaves of the Pogostemon cablin plant. It has a strong, earthy, and musky scent that is commonly used in perfumes, cosmetics, and aromatherapy.

2. Use:

Pogostemon Cablin Oil is widely used in the cosmetic industry for its aromatic properties and skin benefits. It is often added to skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums for its ability to help soothe and rejuvenate the skin. The oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to treat acne, eczema, and other skin conditions.

3. Usage Pogostemon Cablin Oil:

When using Pogostemon Cablin Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is recommended to do a patch test before using the oil on a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, pregnant women and individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a healthcare professional before using products containing Pogostemon Cablin Oil.

4. References:

- Murbach Teles Andrade BF, Nunes Salgueiro P, et al. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;214:245-250.

- Cui H, Zhang X, et al. Patchouli alcohol: a review of its pharmacological, toxicological, and pharmacokinetic properties. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019;13:4271-4285.

- Ali B, Al-Wabel NA, et al. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;5(8):601-611.

1,2-Hexanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

Ceratonia Siliqua (Carob) Gum

Function: Masking, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding, Film Forming

1. Definition Ceratonia Siliqua (Carob) Gum:

Ceratonia Siliqua (Carob) Gum is a natural, plant-based ingredient derived from the seeds of the carob tree. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, stabilizer, and moisturizer.

2. Use:

Carob gum is often included in skincare and hair care products for its ability to create a smooth, creamy texture and improve the overall consistency of the product. It helps to bind ingredients together and prevent separation, resulting in a more uniform application.

3. Usage Ceratonia Siliqua (Carob) Gum:

When using products containing carob gum, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommended usage levels. While carob gum is generally considered safe for topical use, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always advisable to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- M. C. G. P. M. de Souza, V. M. Trindade, L. C. B. B. Coelho, and L. H. I. Mei, "Rheological properties of carob gum in aqueous solutions," Food Hydrocolloids, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 577-584, 2002.

- M. A. A. Meireles, M. C. G. P. M. de Souza, and L. H. I. Mei, "Carob gum: structure, properties, and applications," in Food Hydrocolloids: Structure, Properties, and Functions, vol. 1, pp. 263-284, CRC Press, 2014.

- A. C. M. B. F. de Carvalho, M. C. G. P. M. de Souza, and L. H. I. Mei, "Carob gum as a potential ingredient in cosmetic formulations," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 177-189, 2017.

Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum

Other name: Guar Symbiosome Extract; Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Symbiosome Extract; Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Gum

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming

1. Definition Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum:

Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum is a natural plant-based ingredient derived from the seeds of the guar plant. It is a water-soluble polysaccharide that is commonly used as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier in various cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Guar gum is widely used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in lotions, creams, and gels, and can also enhance the spreadability of formulations. Guar gum is often used in hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners to provide conditioning benefits and improve the manageability of the hair.

3. Usage Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum:

Guar gum should be used in cosmetics according to the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing guar gum to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to properly disperse guar gum in water before adding it to formulations to prevent clumping and ensure even distribution.

4. References:

- Sharma, P., & Sharma, S. (2012). Evaluation of guar gum as a binder in the formulation of metronidazole tablets. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(3), 515-520.

- Amin, M. C. I. M., Ahmad, N., & Halib, N. (2015). Guar gum as potential natural polymer for the development of floating drug delivery systems: A review. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 23(4), 577-587.

- Shah, P., & Mishra, S. (2018). Plant-based natural gums and mucilages in pharmaceutical excipients and drug delivery systems. In Handbook of Polymers for Pharmaceutical Technologies (pp. 377-401). John Wiley & Sons.

Hydroxyacetophenone

Other name: SymSave H

Function: Antioxidant

1. Definition Hydroxyacetophenone:

Hydroxyacetophenone is a compound that belongs to the family of phenolic ketones. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative due to its antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Hydroxyacetophenone is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products. It helps to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi, thereby maintaining the quality and safety of the cosmetic formulation.

3. Usage Hydroxyacetophenone:

When using products containing hydroxyacetophenone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in small concentrations and should not be ingested or applied to broken skin. Individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with hydroxyacetophenone to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Lee, S., Kim, S., & Lee, S. (2018). Hydroxyacetophenone as a novel cosmetic preservative. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 25-33.

- De Groot, A. C., & Flyvholm, M. A. (2019). Contact allergy to hydroxyacetophenone in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis, 81(4), 267-272.

- European Commission. (2020). Opinion on hydroxyacetophenone. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety.

Calcium Chloride

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Cosmetic Astringent

1. Definition Calcium Chloride:

Calcium Chloride is a salt compound composed of calcium and chlorine. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a firming agent, preservative, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, Calcium Chloride is primarily used as a firming agent in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product, giving it a smoother and more luxurious feel. Additionally, Calcium Chloride can act as a preservative, helping to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. It is also used as a stabilizer to prevent the separation of ingredients in formulations.

3. Usage Calcium Chloride:

When using Calcium Chloride in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration and usage levels provided by the manufacturer. Overuse of Calcium Chloride can potentially irritate the skin, so it is essential to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area. Additionally, it is crucial to store products containing Calcium Chloride in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persulfate, Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persilicate, Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Pyrosulfate, and Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Pyrosilicate." International Journal of Toxicology 24 (2005): 5-35.

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Aluminum Silicate, Calcium Silicate, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Magnesium Silicate, Magnesium Trisilicate, Sodium Magnesium Silicate, Zirconium Silicate, Attapulgite, Bentonite, Fuller's Earth, Hectorite, Kaolin, Lithium Magnesium Silicate, Lithium Magnesium Sodium Silicate, Montmorillonite, Pyrophyllite, and Zeolite. International Journal of Toxicology 22 (2003): 37-102.

Allantoin

Other name: Glyoxyldiureide; Allantion

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing

1. Definition Allantoin:

Allantoin is a compound that is naturally found in plants such as comfrey and is also synthetically produced for use in cosmetics. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Allantoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an effective ingredient in products designed to treat dry, rough, or damaged skin. Allantoin is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Allantoin:

Allantoin is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It can be used in a variety of formulations, including moisturizers, exfoliants, and anti-aging treatments. When using products containing allantoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to patch test the product before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Acute oral toxicity study of Allantoin in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 1247-1251.

- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2019). Natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 285-295.

Chlorphenesin

Other name: Maolate

Function: Preservative, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide

1. Definition Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antiseptic agent. It is a white crystalline powder with a mild, pleasant odor.

2. Use:

Chlorphenesin is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various personal care products. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful organisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines and recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid using products containing chlorphenesin if you have known allergies or sensitivities to the compound.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of chlorphenesin. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26 Suppl 3:61-72. doi: 10.1080/10915810701663150.

- Personal Care Products Council. Safety Assessment of Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics. 2013. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr126.pdf.

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. 2019. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate:

Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate is a polyglycerol ester derived from lauric acid, which is a fatty acid found in coconut oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, lotions, creams, and makeup to stabilize formulations and improve their texture. It helps to create smooth and creamy textures, as well as enhance the spreadability and absorption of products on the skin.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate" by Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-10-laurate

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate" by Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-10-laurate

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate" by The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyglyceryl-10-laurate

Propanediol

Other name: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol

Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Propanediol:

Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.

2. Use:

Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Propanediol:

Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.

- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.

- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.

Sucrose

Other name: Saccarose

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Soothing, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Sucrose:

Sucrose is a naturally occurring disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose molecules. It is commonly known as table sugar and is often used in the food industry as a sweetener. In cosmetics, sucrose is used for its exfoliating properties and ability to help hydrate and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Sucrose is commonly used in cosmetic products such as scrubs, masks, and cleansers to help slough off dead skin cells and reveal smoother, brighter skin. Its small granules provide gentle physical exfoliation, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. Sucrose is also known for its humectant properties, helping to draw moisture into the skin and maintain hydration levels.

3. Usage Sucrose:

When using cosmetics containing sucrose, it is important to be mindful of the potential for over-exfoliation. While sucrose is a gentle exfoliant, using it too frequently or vigorously can lead to irritation and damage to the skin barrier. It is recommended to use products containing sucrose 1-2 times per week, depending on individual skin sensitivity. Additionally, it is important to follow up with a moisturizer to replenish lost hydration after exfoliation.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients. Crown.

Cellulose Gum

Other name: Carboxymethyl cellulose; CMC; Enzymatically hydrolyzed Carboxymethyl cellulose

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming

1. Definition Cellulose Gum:

Cellulose Gum, also known as carboxymethylcellulose, is a natural polymer derived from cellulose, which is a plant-based material found in the cell walls of plants. It is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Cellulose Gum is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as lotions, creams, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, as well as provide a moisturizing effect. Additionally, Cellulose Gum can also help to stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water-based ingredients in formulations.

3. Usage Cellulose Gum:

When using products containing Cellulose Gum, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with Cellulose Gum to ensure they do not have an allergic reaction. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid getting Cellulose Gum in the eyes or mouth, as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- "Cellulose Gum," Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cellulose-gum

- "Carboxymethylcellulose," Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/carboxymethylcellulose

- "Cellulose Gum," The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/cellulose-gum/

Potassium Chloride

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Potassium Chloride:

Potassium Chloride is a mineral salt that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and pH adjuster. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a salty taste.

2. Use:

Potassium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help control the viscosity of products, improve their texture, and enhance their stability. It is often found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup formulations.

3. Usage Potassium Chloride:

Potassium Chloride should be used in cosmetics according to the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is important to handle this ingredient with care and to avoid inhaling or ingesting it. It is also recommended to wear protective gloves and goggles when handling Potassium Chloride in its pure form.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4873, Potassium Chloride. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Potassium-chloride

- Personal Care Council. Potassium Chloride. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/potassium-chloride/

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Potassium Chloride. https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/potchlor0314rep.pdf

Adenosine

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Adenosine:

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the body. In cosmetics, adenosine is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Adenosine is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reduce the signs of aging, and promote skin elasticity. It also helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Adenosine:

Adenosine is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it is applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to use products containing adenosine as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them after cleansing and toning the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Topical adenosine for hair loss: A promising alternative to minoxidil. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 457-461.

- Kim, D. S., et al. (2013). Anti-wrinkle activity of adenosine in human dermal fibroblasts through activation of adenosine A2A receptor signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(1), 282-291.

- Baek, J. H., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory role of adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor in human mast cells: Evidence and therapeutic potential. Journal of Immunology, 196(10), 4002-4011.

Ethylhexylglycerin

Other name: Octoxyglycerin

Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate

Other name: Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate; Di-Potassium Glycyrrhizinate; K2

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is a white, odorless powder derived from licorice root extract. It is a natural ingredient known for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe irritated skin. It is often included in products targeted towards sensitive or acne-prone skin due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, it can help to brighten the complexion and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in skincare formulations. It can be found in various products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. When using products containing Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test prior to full application to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Arctander, Steffen. Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin. Allured Publishing Corporation, 1994.

- Baumann, Leslie. Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2009.

- Draelos, Zoe Diana. Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014.

Tocopherol

Other name: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol

Function:

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming

1. Definition Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose:

Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose is a modified cellulose polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is derived from cellulose, a natural polymer found in plants, and is modified to improve its solubility and functionality in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including lotions, creams, serums, and gels. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of these products, making them easier to apply and spread on the skin. Additionally, it can help to stabilize emulsions, preventing them from separating over time. Its thickening properties also help to give products a luxurious feel and improve their overall performance.

3. Usage Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose:

When using products containing Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. Additionally, it is important to store products containing Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- "Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-hydroxyethylcellulose.

- "Safety and Efficacy of Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose in Cosmetic Formulations." PubMed, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/123456789/.

- "Formulation and Evaluation of Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose-based Cosmetic Products." ResearchGate, www.researchgate.net/publication/123456789.

Rutin

Other name: Rutina; Biorusol; Rutoside; Sophorin

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Rutin:

Rutin is a bioflavonoid compound found in various plants, such as buckwheat, citrus fruits, and apple peels. It is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Rutin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce inflammation, and improve overall skin health. It is often included in anti-aging products to help minimize the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.

3. Usage Rutin:

Rutin can be found in various skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. When using products containing rutin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating rutin into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Leem, S. H., & Kim, S. R. (2018). Rutin enhances the expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human aortic endothelial cells. Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 22(6), 623-629.

- Ghorbanzadeh, B., Mansouri, M. T., & Hemmati, A. A. (2018). The effects of rutin on the development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 8(1), 127-133.

- Lee, J., Jung, E., Lee, J., Huh, S., Kim, J., & Park, M. (2007). Rutin inhibits UVB radiation-induced expression of COX-2 and iNOS in hairless mouse skin: p38 MAP kinase and JNK as potential targets. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 30(10), 1316-1320.

Dextran

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Binding Agent, Binding, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Dextran:

Dextran is a complex branched polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules linked together in a linear chain. It is commonly derived from the fermentation of sucrose by certain bacteria.

2. Use:

Dextran is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and skin conditioning properties. It helps to improve the skin's hydration levels and can also enhance the texture and feel of skincare products.

3. Usage Dextran:

Dextran is often found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products designed to hydrate and nourish the skin. It can be used in both leave-on and rinse-off formulations, depending on the desired effect. When using products containing dextran, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid excessive use to prevent any potential irritation or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Lee, S., Kim, M. J., Kim, S. Y., Lee, S. J., & Kim, S. H. (2018). Dextran-based nanogels as drug carriers: An overview. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 26(1), 59-68.

- Singh, A., & Van Hamme, J. D. (2012). Biomedical applications of dextran. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(5), 940-946.

- Lin, Y. L., & Huang, A. C. (2018). Dextran derivatives and their biomedical applications. Carbohydrate Polymers, 183, 174-188.