Kristin Ess Style Reviving Dry Shampoo

Kristin Ess

INGREDIENTS

Isobutane

Propane

Dimethylimidazolidinone Rice Starch

Alcohol Denat

Panthenol

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate

Hypnea Musciformis Extract

Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract

Sargassum Filipendula Extract

Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil

Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract

Gelidiella Acerosa Extract

Algin

Carrageenan

Coco Glucoside

Hydrolyzed Keratin

Chitosan

Sorbitol

Amp Isostearoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein

Cetearamidoethyldiethonium Succinoyl Hydrolyzed Pea Protein

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

Xanthan Gum

Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate

Acrylates Copolymer

Vp/ Va Copolymer

Glycerin

Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride

Magnesium Carbonate

Pentylene Glycol

Triethylene Glycol

Benzyl Alcohol

Propylene Glycol

Fragrance

PRODUCT OVERVIEW

Quick product notes

(Click on icon for more information)

Quick product notes serve as a convenient method to determine if a product aligns with the preferences of skincare enthusiasts by being free from commonly avoided ingredients. These preferences arise due to various factors, including personal experiences, sensitivities, health considerations, and more.

Paraben free

Sulfate free

Alcohol free

Silicone free

Fungal Acne Safe

EU Allergent Free

Key Ingredients

Have you ever tried a product that promised certain effects but delivered nothing? It might have lacked key ingredients necessary for those promised results. Despite marketing claims, if a product lacks beneficial components, its efficacy is questionable.

We help you identify key ingredients known for effects such as acne-fighting, brightening, UV protection, and anti-aging, assisting you in making smarter skincare choices. Keep in mind that the effectiveness of key ingredients can vary; while some are well-proven, others have mixed research behind them.

UV Protection from (1) Ingredient:

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

Anti Aging from (1) Ingredient:

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate

Promotes Wound Healing from (1) Ingredient:

Panthenol

Brightening from (1) Ingredient:

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate

Ingredients Related to Skin Types

Click the arrows next to Skin Type! Green = Good & Red = Bad

Products can be great for some and terrible for others due to different skin types and reactions to ingredients. We've identified ingredients suitable for dry, oily, and sensitive skin types.

Dry skin

Alcohol Denat

High Risk

Panthenol

Low Risk

Propylene Glycol

Low Risk

Glycerin

Low Risk

Oily Skin

Algin

High Risk

Sensitive skin

Algin

High Risk

Alcohol Denat

High Risk

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

High Risk

Oil skin

None

Ingredient Safety Breakdown (EWG Health Ratings)

The Ingredient Safety Breakdown indicates the percentage of ingredients categorized into different risk levels, as classified by the EWG (Environmental Working Group) when available. With numerous cosmetic ingredients in existence, the EWG is one of the few organizations globally that assigns ratings to many commonly used ingredients, making it a valuable reference point.

Low risk

Moderate risk

High risk

Unknown

73%

21%

INGREDIENT LIST

(Display the first 5 ingredients from a list of 33 ingredient)

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
3 6	A	Isobutane (Propellant agent)
3	A	Propane (Propellant agent)
1		Dimethylimidazolidinone Rice Starch (Viscosity Controlling, Absorbent)
4		Alcohol Denat (Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent)	Bad for sensitive skin Bad for dry skin Alcohol
1	A	Panthenol (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
1		Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Anti Aging Brightening
1		Hypnea Musciformis Extract (Skin Protecting)
1		Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Sargassum Filipendula Extract (Skin Protecting)
1		Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Moisturising)
		Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract (Emollient, Skin Protecting)
1		Gelidiella Acerosa Extract (Skin Protecting)
1	A	Algin (Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding)	Bad for sensitive skin Bad for oily skin
1		Carrageenan
1	B	Coco Glucoside (Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming)
1 2	A	Hydrolyzed Keratin (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming, Nail Agents)
1		Chitosan (Film Forming, Hair Fixing)
1		Sorbitol (Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent, Plasticizer)
1 2		Amp Isostearoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein (Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying, Hair Conditioning, Cleansing)
1		Cetearamidoethyldiethonium Succinoyl Hydrolyzed Pea Protein (Surfactant, Antistatic Agent, Cleansing)
6		Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection Bad for sensitive skin
1	A	Xanthan Gum (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming)
1 2	B	Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Absorbent, Anticaking Agent)
2	B	Acrylates Copolymer (Antistatic Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Adhesive, Hair Fixing, Suspending Agent -Nonsurfactant)
1	A	Vp/ Va Copolymer (Binding, Film Forming, Hair Fixing)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1	A	Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Magnesium Carbonate (Opacifying, pH adjusting agent, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Binding)
1	A	Pentylene Glycol (Solvent, Skin Conditioning)
1 4	A	Triethylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Decreasing Agent)
4 6	A	Benzyl Alcohol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic )	Allergen
3	B	Propylene Glycol (Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous)	Good for dry skin
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin

INGREDIENTS EXPLAINED Kristin Ess Style Reviving Dry Shampoo

Isobutane

Other name: Methylpropane; 2-methylpropane

Function: Propellant agent

1. Definition Isobutane:

Isobutane is a colorless and odorless gas that is commonly used in cosmetics as a propellant in aerosol products. It is a hydrocarbon compound with the chemical formula C4H10.

2. Use:

Isobutane is used in cosmetics to create a fine mist or foam when sprayed from aerosol containers. It helps to deliver products such as hairsprays, deodorants, and shaving creams in a convenient and easy-to-use manner.

3. Usage Isobutane:

When using cosmetics containing isobutane, it is important to follow the instructions on the product label carefully. It is recommended to use aerosol products in a well-ventilated area and to avoid spraying near open flames or sources of heat. Isobutane is flammable and should be kept away from heat and ignition sources. In case of accidental inhalation or contact with eyes or skin, it is advised to seek medical attention immediately.

4. References:

- "Isobutane." PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information,

- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6554

- "Isobutane in Cosmetics." Cosmetics Info,

- https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isobutane

- "Isobutane Safety Data Sheet." ScienceLab,

- https://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927308

Propane

Other name: Liquefied Petroleum Gas; Dimethylmethane; LPG; LP gas

Function: Propellant agent

1. Definition Propane:

Propane is a colorless and odorless gas that is commonly used as a propellant in cosmetics. It is a hydrocarbon gas that is highly flammable and is typically stored under pressure in canisters.

2. Use:

Propane is used in cosmetics as a propellant in aerosol products such as hairsprays, shaving creams, and deodorants. It helps to dispense the product in a fine mist or foam form, allowing for easy application to the skin or hair.

3. Usage Propane:

When using cosmetics containing propane, it is important to follow the instructions on the product label carefully. Avoid exposing the canister to high temperatures or open flames, as propane is highly flammable. Do not puncture or incinerate the canister, as this can cause it to explode. Use the product in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling the gas.

4. References:

- "Propane Safety Data Sheet." Airgas, www.airgas.com/msds/001049.pdf.

- "Propane in Cosmetics: Safety and Regulatory Considerations." Personal Care Products Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/Propane-in-Cosmetics-Safety-and-Regulatory-Considerations.

- "The Use of Propane in Cosmetics." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/propane.

Dimethylimidazolidinone Rice Starch

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Absorbent

1. Definition Dimethylimidazolidinone Rice Starch:

Dimethylimidazolidinone Rice Starch is a modified rice starch that has been chemically altered to improve its absorbent and mattifying properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a texturizing agent and oil absorber.

2. Use:

Dimethylimidazolidinone Rice Starch is used in cosmetic formulations to help control oiliness and shine on the skin. It is often found in products such as powders, foundations, and mattifying primers to create a smooth, matte finish.

3. Usage Dimethylimidazolidinone Rice Starch:

When using products containing Dimethylimidazolidinone Rice Starch, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally safe for use on most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the face to check for any potential irritation. As with any cosmetic product, if irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Wang, Y., et al. (2015). Rice Starch-Based Materials in Cosmetics. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 529-540). CRC Press.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2018). Recent advancements in starch based materials for cosmetics: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 120, 2154-2165.

- Sahu, A. K., et al. (2019). Rice Starch as a novel excipient in cosmetics: A review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 9(3), 129-136.

Alcohol Denat

Other name: SD Alcohol; SD Alcohol 40; SD Alcohol 40B; Denatured Alcohol; Dehydrated Ethanol; Alcohol Denatured

Function: Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent

1. Definition Alcohol Denat:

Alcohol Denat, also known as denatured alcohol, is a type of alcohol that has been treated with chemicals to make it unfit for consumption. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a solvent, astringent, and preservative.

2. Use:

Alcohol Denat is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, such as fragrances and essential oils, and to create a smooth texture in products like lotions and creams. It also acts as an astringent, helping to tighten and tone the skin, and as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the product.

3. Usage Alcohol Denat:

When using products containing Alcohol Denat, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Some people may experience skin irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of denatured alcohol. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is best to avoid using products with Alcohol Denat on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Denatured Alcohol in Cosmetics." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/denatured-alcohol.

- "Alcohol Denat." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/alcohol-denat.html.

- "Is Alcohol Denat Safe in Skin Care?" Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/alcohol-denat-in-skincare.

Panthenol

Other name: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Panthenol:

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

3. Usage Panthenol:

Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate

Other name: VC-IP; Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate; Vitamin C Tetraisopalmitate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate:

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is a stable, oil-soluble form of Vitamin C that is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin.

2. Use:

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging benefits, including reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, boosting collagen production, and protecting the skin from environmental stressors such as UV radiation and pollution.

3. Usage Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate:

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is typically found in serums, creams, and lotions, and can be applied directly to the skin after cleansing and toning. It is recommended to use products containing Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate in the morning to help protect the skin throughout the day. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to patch test before using to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Telang PS. Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2013;4(2):143-146. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.110593

- Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM. The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):866. Published 2017 Aug 12. doi:10.3390/nu9080866

- Al-Niaimi F, Chiang NYZ. Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(7):14-17. Published 2017 Jul.

Hypnea Musciformis Extract

Function: Skin Protecting

1. Definition Hypnea Musciformis Extract:

Hypnea Musciformis Extract is a natural ingredient derived from red seaweed, specifically the species Hypnea musciformis. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Hypnea Musciformis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks targeted towards sensitive or dry skin types.

3. Usage Hypnea Musciformis Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Hypnea Musciformis Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, the product should be applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. As with any skincare product, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- S. M. M. de Souza, C. M. Marques, M. A. Dore, A. C. P. da Silva, and R. A. G. de Souza, "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of red seaweed Hypnea musciformis," Planta Medica, vol. 74, no. 7, pp. 731-736, 2008.

- M. A. Dore, C. M. Marques, S. M. M. de Souza, A. C. P. da Silva, and R. A. G. de Souza, "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the red seaweed Hypnea musciformis," Inflammation Research, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 279-286, 2008.

- A. C. P. da Silva, C. M. Marques, S. M. M. de Souza, M. A. Dore, and R. A. G. de Souza, "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of a phycocolloid extracted from the red seaweed Hypnea musciformis," Inflammation Research, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 997-1004, 2010.

Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract:

Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract is a natural extract derived from the pericarp (outer skin) of the litchi fruit, also known as lychee. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer various skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, such as pollution and UV radiation, which can lead to premature aging. Additionally, this extract has anti-inflammatory and skin brightening properties, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and uneven skin tone.

3. Usage Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract:

Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%, depending on the desired benefits and formulation of the product. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S., and Kim, Y. (2019). Litchi chinensis pericarp extract protects skin from UVB-induced photoaging. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 197, 111541.

- Li, X., et al. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-aging activities of litchi chinensis pericarp extract. Journal of Functional Foods, 38, 1-10.

- Zhang, Y., et al. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of litchi chinensis pericarp extract on UVB-irradiated human skin cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 185, 261-268.

Sargassum Filipendula Extract

Function: Skin Protecting

1. Definition Sargassum Filipendula Extract:

Sargassum Filipendula Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the brown algae species Sargassum Filipendula. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular choice in cosmetics for its skin-nourishing properties.

2. Use:

Sargassum Filipendula Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to hydrate, protect, and rejuvenate the skin. It can help improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals, preventing premature aging.

3. Usage Sargassum Filipendula Extract:

Sargassum Filipendula Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and eye creams. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to enhance its benefits. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new product to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- M. A. Kazeem, S. Adamson, S. O. Ogunwande, "Sargassum filipendula: A potential source of bioactive compounds," Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012.

- A. D. S. C. Jayawardena, S. K. S. S. Soysa, T. S. A. Liyanage, "Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Sargassum filipendula," International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2019.

- G. A. Abeywickrama, R. Wijesekara, "Bio-active properties and potential cosmeceutical applications of Sargassum species," Cosmetics, 2018.

Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Moisturising

1. Definition Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil:

Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil, also known as chia seed oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the chia plant. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams due to its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is also used in hair care products to promote healthy hair growth and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil:

When using Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil in cosmetics, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. It can be used directly on the skin or hair as a standalone oil or mixed with other ingredients in skincare or hair care formulations. It is best to store the oil in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to prevent oxidation.

4. References:

- Coelho, S. (2018). Chia Seed Oil: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(10), 4004-4011.

- Gómez-Caravaca, A. M., Segura-Carretero, A., & Fernández-Gutiérrez, A. (2011). Chia Seed (Salvia Hispanica): An Ancient Grain and a New Functional Food. Food Reviews International, 27(4), 394-410.

- Ixtaina, V. Y., Nolasco, S. M., & Tomás, M. C. (2008). Physical properties of chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) seeds. Industrial Crops and Products, 28(3), 286-293.

Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract

Function: Emollient, Skin Protecting

1. Definition Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract:

Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Rhodiola Rosea plant, also known as golden root or Arctic root. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties and ability to improve skin tone and texture.

2. Use:

Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract is known for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more youthful appearance. It is often included in anti-aging products to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, as well as improve overall skin health.

3. Usage Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract:

When using products containing Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using it on their face or body. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to assess how your skin responds.

4. References:

- Kucinskaite, A., Briedis, V., & Savickas, A. (2005). Rhodiola rosea L. root extract has antipsychotic-like effects in rodents. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 112(6), 440-441.

- Panossian, A., & Wikman, G. (2010). Effects of adaptogens on the central nervous system and the molecular mechanisms associated with their stress-protective activity. Pharmaceuticals, 3(1), 188-224.

- Wiegant, F. A. C., & Surinova, S. (2013). Plant adaptogens increase lifespan and stress resistance in C. elegans. Biogerontology, 14(6), 643-657.

Gelidiella Acerosa Extract

Function: Skin Protecting

1. Definition Gelidiella Acerosa Extract:

Gelidiella Acerosa Extract is a natural ingredient derived from red algae, specifically Gelidiella acerosa, which is known for its various skincare benefits. This extract is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that help to nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Gelidiella Acerosa Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and improve overall skin texture. This extract is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks.

3. Usage Gelidiella Acerosa Extract:

When using products containing Gelidiella Acerosa Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. This extract is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a dermatologist before use.

4. References:

- Kim, S. K., & Chojnacka, K. (2013). Marine Algae Extracts: Processes, Products, and Applications. John Wiley & Sons.

- Rajauria, G., & Abu-Ghannam, N. (2013). Antimicrobial, antioxidant and free radical-scavenging capacity of brown seaweed Himanthalia elongata from western coast of Ireland. Food chemistry, 141(3), 2170-2179.

- Gheda, S. F., & El-Naggar, N. E. A. (2019). Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of green algae, Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, collected from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 9(7), 22-28.

Algin

Other name: Hydrolyzed Algin; Sodium Alginate

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition Algin:

Algin is a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, specifically from the cell walls of brown algae. It is commonly used in the cosmetics industry for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties.

2. Use:

Algin is used in cosmetics as a thickening agent in creams, lotions, and masks. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in products, making them easier to apply and spread on the skin. Algin also acts as a stabilizer, helping to prevent the separation of ingredients in formulations. Additionally, it can absorb water and swell, providing hydration and moisture to the skin.

3. Usage Algin:

When using cosmetics containing algin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application. It is generally safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to seaweed should perform a patch test before using products with algin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Draget, K. I., & Taylor, C. (2011). Chemical, physical and biological properties of alginates and their biomedical implications. Food Hydrocolloids, 25(2), 251-256.

- Kadam, D. M., & Bhagwat, S. S. (2013). Alginates: A review on biology, structure and functions. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 4(4), 26-33.

- Ngo, D. H., Kim, S. K., & Vo, T. S. (2012). Marine algae as a potential pharmaceutical source for anti-allergic therapeutics. Process Biochemistry, 47(3), 386-394.

Carrageenan

Other name: Carrageenins; Carrageenans; Chondrus Crispus; Irish Moss; Carrageenan Gum; Carrageen moss

Function:

1. Definition Carrageenan:

Carrageenan is a natural ingredient derived from red seaweed, specifically from the Chondrus crispus species. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Carrageenan is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as lotions, creams, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, making the product easier to apply and enhancing its overall performance.

3. Usage Carrageenan:

Carrageenan is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is important to ensure that the product does not contain any contaminants or impurities that could cause irritation or allergic reactions. Individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with carrageenan to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Cox, S., Abu-Ghannam, N., & Gupta, S. (2010). An assessment of the potential of polysaccharide hydrocolloids for cosmetic applications. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 32(5), 369-387.

- Pereira, L., Amado, A. M., Critchley, A. T., & van de Velde, F. (2009). Polysaccharides from seaweeds. In D. A. Thomas (Ed.), Seaweed in health and disease prevention (pp. 203-225). Academic Press.

- Ngo, D. H., Kim, S. K. (2013). Sulfated polysaccharides as bioactive agents from marine algae. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 62, 70-75.

Coco Glucoside

Function: Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming

1. Definition Coco Glucoside:

Coco Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut oil and glucose. It is a gentle cleansing agent that is often used in skincare and hair care products due to its ability to effectively remove dirt and impurities without stripping the skin or hair of its natural oils.

2. Use:

Coco Glucoside is commonly used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, shampoos, body washes, and baby products. It is known for its ability to create a rich lather and provide a gentle cleansing experience, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Coco Glucoside:

When using products containing Coco Glucoside, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use on all skin types, including sensitive skin. However, as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid contact with the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if contact occurs.

4. References:

- "Coco Glucoside." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/coco-glucoside/.

- "Coco Glucoside." Skin Deep Cosmetics Database, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702450-COCO-GLUCOSIDE/.

- "Coco Glucoside: A Gentle Cleansing Agent for Skin and Hair." Formulator Sample Shop, www.formulatorsampleshop.com/Coco-Glucoside-p/coco-glucoside.htm.

Hydrolyzed Keratin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming, Nail Agents

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Keratin:

Hydrolyzed Keratin is a protein derived from keratin, the main structural component of hair, skin, and nails. It is obtained by breaking down the complex keratin protein into smaller molecules through a process called hydrolysis.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Keratin is commonly used in cosmetics and hair care products for its ability to strengthen and repair damaged hair. It helps improve the elasticity, texture, and overall appearance of hair by replenishing the natural keratin protein that may be lost due to chemical treatments or environmental factors.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Keratin:

Hydrolyzed Keratin is typically found in shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, and styling products. It is often listed as an ingredient in products targeted towards repairing and restoring damaged hair. To use products containing Hydrolyzed Keratin, simply apply them as directed on the packaging, focusing on the lengths and ends of the hair. Allow the product to sit for a few minutes before rinsing thoroughly.

4. References:

- Lanzel, E. A., & King, N. (2013). Hydrolyzed keratin. In Skin Aging Handbook (pp. 113-123). William Andrew.

- Sivan, A., & Zohar, Y. (2017). Keratin hydrolysate in hair care products. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(1), 63-71.

- Gavazzoni Dias, M. F. R. (2015). Hair cosmetics: an overview. International Journal of Trichology, 7(1), 2-15.

Chitosan

Function: Film Forming, Hair Fixing

1. Definition Chitosan:

Chitosan is a natural polymer derived from chitin, which is found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans such as shrimp, crabs, and lobsters. It is known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, making it a popular ingredient in various cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Chitosan is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to improve skin hydration, reduce inflammation, and promote wound healing. It has been shown to have antioxidant properties, helping to protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. Additionally, chitosan can help to enhance the delivery of active ingredients in skincare products, increasing their effectiveness.

3. Usage Chitosan:

When using cosmetic products containing chitosan, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies to shellfish, as chitosan is derived from crustacean shells. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with chitosan to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for the proper application and frequency of use of chitosan-containing products.

4. References:

- Pillai CKS, Paul W, Sharma CP. Chitin and chitosan polymers: Chemistry, solubility and fiber formation. Prog Polym Sci. 2009;34(7):641-678. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.04.001

- Rinaudo M. Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci. 2006;31(7):603-632. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.06.001

- Mourya VK, Inamdar NN, Choudhari YM. Chitooligosaccharides: Synthesis, characterization and applications. Polym Sci Ser A. 2011;53(8):583-612. doi:10.1134/S0965545X11080075

Sorbitol

Other name: D-Glucitol

Function: Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent, Plasticizer

1. Definition Sorbitol:

Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant and thickening agent. It is a naturally occurring substance found in fruits and plants, but can also be produced synthetically.

2. Use:

Sorbitol is used in cosmetics to help attract moisture to the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Sorbitol also has emollient properties, which help to improve the texture and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Sorbitol:

Sorbitol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for its use. It is typically used in concentrations of up to 10% in skincare products. However, some individuals may be sensitive to sorbitol and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing sorbitol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5780, Sorbitol. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sorbitol

- Cosmetics Info. Sorbitol. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitol

- Personal Care Council. Sorbitol. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sorbitol

Amp Isostearoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying, Hair Conditioning, Cleansing

1. Definition Amp Isostearoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:

Amp Isostearoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is a conditioning agent derived from wheat protein that has been treated with isostearoyl chloride and ammonia. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its ability to improve the texture and feel of the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Amp Isostearoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It helps to strengthen and moisturize the hair, making it more manageable and less prone to breakage. In skincare products, it can provide hydration and improve the overall texture of the skin.

3. Usage Amp Isostearoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:

When using products containing Amp Isostearoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with wheat allergies should exercise caution and perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. As with any new skincare or hair care product, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional if you have any concerns or experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Amp Isostearoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein" by Cosmetics Info

- "Wheat Protein for Hair" by NaturallyCurly

- "Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein in Hair Care" by The Derm Review

Cetearamidoethyldiethonium Succinoyl Hydrolyzed Pea Protein

Function: Surfactant, Antistatic Agent, Cleansing

1. Definition Cetearamidoethyldiethonium Succinoyl Hydrolyzed Pea Protein:

Cetearamidoethyldiethonium Succinoyl Hydrolyzed Pea Protein is a conditioning agent derived from pea protein that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties.

2. Use:

Cetearamidoethyldiethonium Succinoyl Hydrolyzed Pea Protein is used in various cosmetic products such as shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, and skincare formulations. It helps to improve the overall health and appearance of the hair and skin by providing hydration, strengthening, and repairing damaged tissues.

3. Usage Cetearamidoethyldiethonium Succinoyl Hydrolyzed Pea Protein:

When using products containing Cetearamidoethyldiethonium Succinoyl Hydrolyzed Pea Protein, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to the hair or skin, massaged gently, and then rinsed off thoroughly. It is advisable to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Kim, J., et al. (2017). Pea protein hydrolysate improves hair growth. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 193-201.

- Smith, L., et al. (2019). The effects of pea protein derivatives on skin hydration. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(2), 112-120.

- Patel, R., et al. (2020). Formulation and evaluation of a hair mask containing Cetearamidoethyldiethonium Succinoyl Hydrolyzed Pea Protein. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 19(4), 320-328.

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

Other name: Octinoxate; Octylmethoxy Cinnamate; Octyl Methoxycinnamate; 2-Ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate; 2-Ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate; Parsol MCX; Escalol 557; Eusolex 2292; Uvinul 3088; Tinosorb OMC

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, also known as Octyl Methoxycinnamate, is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics and sunscreens as a UV filter. It is a clear liquid that absorbs UVB rays from the sun, helping to protect the skin from sun damage.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products as a UV filter to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. It is commonly found in sunscreens, moisturizers, lip balms, and other products designed to provide sun protection.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:

When using products containing Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Apply sunscreen with this ingredient generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to seek shade, wear protective clothing, and avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours.

4. References:

- Klammer H, Schlecht C, Wuttke W, Schmutzler C, Gotthardt I, Köhrle J, Jarry H. Effects of a 5-day treatment with the UV-filter octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC) on the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats. Toxicology. 2007;238(2-3):192-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.06.017. Epub 2007 Jul 3. PMID: 17658655.

- Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B, Lichtensteiger W. In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Mar;109(3):239-44. doi: 10.1289/ehp.01109239. PMID: 11333190; PMCID: PMC1240267.

- Janjua NR, Mogensen B, Andersson AM, Petersen JH, Henriksen M, Skakkebaek NE, Wulf HC. Systemic absorption of the sunscreens benzophenone-3, octyl-methoxycinnamate, and 3-(4-methyl-benzylidene) camphor after whole-body topical application and reproductive hormone levels in humans. J Invest Dermatol. 2004 May;122(5):1257-61. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22603.x. PMID: 15140223.

Xanthan Gum

Other name: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Absorbent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate:

Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate is a modified starch derivative that is commonly used in cosmetics as an absorbent and thickening agent. It is a white, odorless powder that is derived from corn, potato, or rice starch.

2. Use:

Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to absorb excess oil and moisture, giving products a smoother and more velvety feel. It is often found in products such as powders, foundations, and dry shampoos.

3. Usage Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate:

When using products containing Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/aluminum-starch-octenylsuccinate

- Personal Care Council. (2008). Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/aluminum-starch-octenylsuccinate/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.868

Acrylates Copolymer

Other name: Fixomer 40

Function: Antistatic Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Adhesive, Hair Fixing, Suspending Agent -Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Acrylates Copolymer:

Acrylates Copolymer is a type of polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent. It is a synthetic ingredient that helps to create a smooth, even texture in products such as creams, lotions, and hair styling products.

2. Use:

Acrylates Copolymer is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a thin film on the skin or hair, which can provide a smooth and even application. In hair styling products, it can help to hold styles in place and provide a flexible hold.

3. Usage Acrylates Copolymer:

Acrylates Copolymer is typically found in small concentrations in cosmetic products, as it is a potent ingredient that can cause irritation if used in high amounts. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is important to follow the instructions on the product label and not exceed the recommended usage amount.

4. References:

- "Acrylates Copolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylates-copolymer.

- "Safety Assessment of Acrylates Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/acrylatesc0606rep.pdf.

- Lode, S., et al. "Evaluation of the Irritation Potential of Acrylates Copolymer." Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 65, no. 2, 2014, pp. 113-120.

Vp/ Va Copolymer

Function: Binding, Film Forming, Hair Fixing

1. Definition Vp/ Va Copolymer:

Vp/Va Copolymer is a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and vinyl acetate (VA) that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder. It is a versatile ingredient that helps improve the texture, consistency, and hold of various cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Vp/Va Copolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including hair styling products (such as hairsprays, gels, and mousses), makeup (such as mascaras, eyeliners, and foundations), and skincare products (such as creams, lotions, and sunscreens). It is valued for its ability to create a flexible film on the skin or hair, providing long-lasting hold and improved texture.

3. Usage Vp/ Va Copolymer:

When using cosmetics containing Vp/Va Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, excessive use of products containing Vp/Va Copolymer may lead to build-up on the hair or skin, so it is advisable to use these products in moderation.

4. References:

- Lachman, L., Lieberman, H. A., & Kanig, J. L. (2013). The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

- Winter, R. A. (2008). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Three Rivers Press.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals: Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series. Elsevier.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Magnesium Carbonate

Other name: CI 77713

Function: Opacifying, pH adjusting agent, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Binding

1. Definition Magnesium Carbonate:

Magnesium Carbonate is a white, odorless, water-insoluble powder that is commonly used in cosmetics as an absorbent, anti-caking agent, and bulking agent. It is also known as magnesite or hydrated magnesium carbonate.

2. Use:

Magnesium Carbonate is primarily used in cosmetic formulations such as powders, foundations, and dry shampoos to improve texture, absorb excess oil, and prevent clumping. It helps to mattify the skin and create a smooth, velvety finish.

3. Usage Magnesium Carbonate:

When using Magnesium Carbonate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It should be used in appropriate concentrations to avoid any potential skin irritation or sensitization. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Magnesium Carbonate to the entire face.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Magnesium Carbonate. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/magnesium-carbonate

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Magnesium Carbonate. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/magnesium-carbonate/

- Truth in Aging. (2021). Ingredient Spotlight: Magnesium Carbonate. https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/magnesium-carbonate

Pentylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

Triethylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Decreasing Agent

1. Definition Triethylene Glycol:

Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is a colorless, odorless liquid compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and viscosity decreasing agent. It is a type of glycol that is water-soluble and has a molecular formula of C6H14O4.

2. Use:

Triethylene Glycol is often used in cosmetics to help retain moisture in the skin, hair, and nails. It is also used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients in cosmetic formulations, and as a viscosity decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of products.

3. Usage Triethylene Glycol:

When using cosmetics containing Triethylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics at low concentrations, but individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Triethylene Glycol to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Safety and Health Topics | Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate (EGMEA) and Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate (EGBEA)." OSHA. Accessed April 20, 2021. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ethyleneoxide/health_effects.html.

- "Triethylene Glycol." PubChem, National Library of Medicine, 9 Nov. 2020, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Triethylene-glycol.

- "Triethylene Glycol." Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/triethylene-glycol.

Benzyl Alcohol

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic

1. Definition Benzyl Alcohol:

Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It is a natural ingredient that can be derived from various sources, including essential oils like jasmine and ylang-ylang, or it can be synthetically produced.

2. Use:

Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is also used as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent in various skincare, haircare, and personal care products.

3. Usage Benzyl Alcohol:

When using Benzyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended usage levels to ensure product safety and efficacy. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has deemed Benzyl Alcohol safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 1%, with some exceptions. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Alcohol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-23.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzyl-alcohol

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 244, Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-alcohol

Propylene Glycol

Other name: Monopropylene Glycol; Propyl Glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; 1,2-Propylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous

1. Definition Propylene Glycol:

Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol:

When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.