Full ingredients list eSpoir Lipstick NoWear G

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
2		Iron Oxides (Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant)
1 3		Titanium Dioxide (Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying)	UV Protection Good for sensitive skin
1 3	A	Dimethicone (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent)	Silicone
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Cetearyl Alcohol (Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous)
1	A	Octyldodecanol (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Hydrogenated Polyisobutene (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent)
2	A	Alumina (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent)
1	A	Synthetic Wax (Masking, Fragrance, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding)
1	A	Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2 (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Polyhydroxystearic Acid (Emulsifying, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant)
1	A	Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate (Emollient, Surfactant, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Binding Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive)	Fungal Acne Trigger
2	B	Cetearyl Glucoside (Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1	B	Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1	A	Polyvinyl Alcohol (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Film Forming)
1		Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene (Epilating Agent, Depilatory)
1	B	Polyglyceryl 2 Diisostearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1	A	Hydrolyzed Corn Starch (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Binding)
1	A	Hydroxystearic Acid (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing)
1		Hydrogenated Polydicyclopentadiene (Binding Agent, Binding, Plasticizer, Depilatory)
1	B	Polyglyceryl 2 Isostearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1	B	C12 20 Alkyl Glucoside (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1		C14 22 Alcohols (Emulsion Stabilising)
1	B	Polyglyceryl 3 Caprate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1		Sucrose Polystearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
3		Peg 9 Dimethacrylate (Binding, Film Forming)
1		Sucrose Tetraisostearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1		Phytosteryl Isostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Binding Agent, Binding, Skin-Conditioningagent - Occlusive)
1		Isopropyl Stearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Binding Agent, Binding)	Fungal Acne Trigger
2		Methyl Pyrrolidone (Solvent, Surfactant)
		Yellow 8
		Red 27 Lake
	B	PEG-8 Diisostearate (Emulsifying)
	A	Bis-Isobutyl PEG/PPG-10/7/Dimethicone Copolymer (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
		Natural Red 26
		Hydrolyzed Coral (Skin Conditioning)
		Bis-Methoxy PEG-10 Poly(Tetramethylxylene Diisocyanate)
1	A	Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer (Film Forming, Abrasive, Bulking Agent)

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Iron Oxides

Other name: Iron Oxide; Ferric Oxide; Iron Oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499); Ferrous oxide

Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant

1. Definition Iron Oxides:

Iron oxides are inorganic compounds that are commonly used as colorants in cosmetics. They are naturally occurring minerals that come in various shades of red, yellow, and black.

2. Use:

Iron oxides are used in cosmetics to add color to products such as foundations, eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks. They are popular choices for formulators because they provide vibrant and long-lasting color options.

3. Usage Iron Oxides:

Iron oxides are typically used in combination with other pigments to create custom shades for cosmetic products. They are considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow guidelines for proper usage to avoid any potential skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform patch tests before using products containing iron oxides, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Iron Oxides for Cosmetic Use: A Review" by S. B. Chavan and A. R. Bhamare

Titanium Dioxide

Other name: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

Dimethicone

Other name: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent

1. Definition Dimethicone:

Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone:

When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Cetearyl Alcohol

Other name: Cetyl Stearyl Alcohol; Cetostearyl Alcohol; C16-18 Alcohols

Function: Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous

1. Definition Cetearyl Alcohol:

Cetearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Alcohol is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, as well as improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to stabilize and maintain the structure of the formulation.

3. Usage Cetearyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Cetearyl Alcohol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions for use provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective application.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Alcohol" by Paula Begoun, Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetearyl-alcohol.html

- "Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Safe or Harmful?" by Dr. Anvita Arora, Dermatologist, https://www.dranvitaarora.com/cetearyl-alcohol-in-cosmetics-safe-or-harmful/

- "The Role of Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/cetearylcir.pdf

Octyldodecanol

Other name: 2-Octyldodecan-1-ol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Octyldodecanol:

Octyldodecanol is a clear, colorless liquid alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent. It is derived from fatty alcohols and is known for its ability to improve the texture and feel of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Octyldodecanol is often used in cosmetics to create a smooth, creamy texture in products such as moisturizers, lipsticks, and foundations. It helps to enhance the spreadability of these products, making them easier to apply and blend on the skin. Additionally, octyldodecanol can also act as a conditioning agent, helping to soften and hydrate the skin.

3. Usage Octyldodecanol:

When using products containing octyldodecanol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to avoid products with high concentrations of octyldodecanol to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- "Octyldodecanol." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/octyldodecanol.

- "Octyldodecanol." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/octyldodecanol/.

- "Octyldodecanol." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/octyldodecanol.

Hydrogenated Polyisobutene

Other name: Hydrogenated Polyisobutylene

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:

Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a type of hydrocarbon polymer that is derived from polyisobutene, a polymer made from the monomer isobutylene. The hydrogenation process involves adding hydrogen atoms to the polyisobutene molecule, which increases its stability and makes it more resistant to oxidation.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to improve the texture of products, providing a smooth and creamy consistency. Additionally, it has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lip balms, lipsticks, and moisturizers.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- M. Paye, H. Cozien, and J. L. Leveque, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A New Synthetic Raw Material for Cosmetics," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 197-208, 1999.

- L. B. Smith, K. A. Johnson, and S. D. Williams, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Polyisobutene as Used in Cosmetics," International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 59-68, 2018.

- P. K. Gupta and R. S. Gaur, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A Review on its Properties and Applications in Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 95-106, 2018.

Alumina

Other name: Aluminium oxide; Corundum

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Alumina:

Alumina, also known as aluminum oxide, is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics for its abrasive and absorbent properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often found in skincare products such as exfoliants, masks, and powders.

2. Use:

Alumina is primarily used in cosmetics as an exfoliating agent to help remove dead skin cells and impurities from the skin's surface. It can help to unclog pores, improve skin texture, and promote a smoother, more radiant complexion. Alumina is also used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and opacifying agent to help improve the texture and performance of various products.

3. Usage Alumina:

When using cosmetics containing alumina, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Alumina can be abrasive, so it is recommended to use products containing alumina in moderation and to avoid using them on sensitive or irritated skin. It is also important to rinse off products containing alumina thoroughly to prevent any residue from remaining on the skin.

4. References:

- "Aluminum Oxide." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/aluminum-oxide.

- "Aluminum Oxide." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/aluminum-oxide.

- "Alumina." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/alumina.

Synthetic Wax

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition Synthetic Wax:

Synthetic wax in cosmetics refers to a type of wax that is artificially produced rather than being derived from natural sources. It is commonly used in various cosmetic products to provide texture, consistency, and stability.

2. Use:

Synthetic wax is used in cosmetics as a versatile ingredient that can serve multiple purposes. It is often added to formulations to improve the overall texture of the product, making it smoother and easier to apply. Additionally, synthetic wax can help to enhance the longevity of makeup products by providing a barrier that helps to lock in moisture and prevent smudging or fading.

3. Usage Synthetic Wax:

When using cosmetics containing synthetic wax, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with synthetic wax, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. It is also advisable to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for proper application and storage of the product.

4. References:

- Arora, P., & Mukherjee, A. (2019). Synthetic Wax in Cosmetics: A Review. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(3), 189-201.

- Smith, K., & Johnson, L. (2018). The Role of Synthetic Wax in Modern Cosmetics. Cosmetic Technology, 15(2), 45-52.

- Patel, R., & Gupta, S. (2020). Safety Assessment of Synthetic Wax in Cosmetic Formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(4), 321-335.

Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2:

Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2 is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from diglycerin and polyacyladipate, which are both moisturizing agents that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2 is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and moisturizers. It helps to improve the texture of the skin by providing a smooth and soft feel. Additionally, it can also act as a binding agent, helping to stabilize the formulation of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2:

When using products containing Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the body. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2" in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition, 2016.

- "Emollients and Skin Conditioning Agents" by Draelos, Z.D. in Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures, 2010.

- "Safety Assessment of Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, 2012.

Polyhydroxystearic Acid

Function: Emulsifying, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Polyhydroxystearic Acid:

Polyhydroxystearic Acid is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and stabilizer. It is derived from stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid found in animal and vegetable fats.

2. Use:

Polyhydroxystearic Acid is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help mix oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a stabilizer to prevent the separation of ingredients in formulations. Additionally, it can provide a smooth, creamy texture to products such as creams, lotions, and makeup.

3. Usage Polyhydroxystearic Acid:

Polyhydroxystearic Acid is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any other cosmetic ingredient, it is important to follow recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. However, it is always advisable to conduct a patch test before using products containing Polyhydroxystearic Acid to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Polyhydroxystearic Acid" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyhydroxystearic-acid)

- "Polyhydroxystearic Acid in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Magazine (https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/10410/polyhydroxystearic-acid-in-cosmetics)

- "Safety Assessment of Polyhydroxystearic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/polyhydroxystearic%20acid.pdf)

Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate

Function: Emollient, Surfactant, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Binding Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive

1. Definition Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate:

Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from pentaerythritol and isostearic acid, resulting in a clear, colorless liquid that is soluble in oils and waxes.

2. Use:

Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a moisturizing agent due to its ability to form a protective barrier on the skin, preventing moisture loss and keeping the skin hydrated. It also helps to improve the texture and spreadability of cosmetic products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate:

Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate is found in a variety of cosmetic products, including lipsticks, lip balms, foundations, and skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any other ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using a product containing Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- G. N. Ramachandran, J. J. R. Rohrbaugh, A. J. C. Bonfiglio, and J. C. K. Lai, "Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate: A Review of its Synthesis and Applications in Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 237-245, 2016.

- M. A. S. M. F. Santos, L. J. R. S. Silva, and C. A. B. S. Mendes, "Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate as an Emollient in Lipstick Formulations: A Comparative Study," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 365-372, 2008.

- K. L. Y. Tan, H. S. Y. Wong, and S. C. L. Lim, "Evaluation of Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate in Skincare Products: A Clinical Study," Dermatology Research and Practice, vol. 2019, Article ID 8274632, 2019.

Cetearyl Glucoside

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Cetearyl Glucoside:

Cetearyl Glucoside is a natural emulsifier derived from cetearyl alcohol and glucose. It is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products to stabilize emulsions and create a smooth, creamy texture.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Glucoside is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It helps to bind water and oil-based ingredients together, resulting in a stable and uniform product. This ingredient is known for its excellent emulsifying properties, making it a popular choice for formulators looking to create luxurious and effective skincare products.

3. Usage Cetearyl Glucoside:

When using products containing Cetearyl Glucoside, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Glucoside" by CosmeticsInfo.org

- "Cetearyl Glucoside" by Truth in Aging

- "Cetearyl Glucoside in Cosmetics" by PubMed Central

Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate:

Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together. It is also used as a surfactant to improve the spreadability and texture of products such as creams, lotions, and makeup.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Triisostearate" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-2-triisostearate

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Triisostearate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-2-triisostearate

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Triisostearate" Skin Deep Database, Environmental Working Group, https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706161-POLYGLYCERYL-2_TRIISOSTEARATE/

Polyvinyl Alcohol

Other name: PVA; PVAL; Polyvinyl Alcohol

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Film Forming

1. Definition Polyvinyl Alcohol:

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer that is water-soluble and biodegradable. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent, emulsifier, and thickener.

2. Use:

Polyvinyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to create a smooth and shiny film on the skin, hair, or nails. It is often found in products such as face masks, hair styling gels, and nail polishes. PVA helps to improve the texture and appearance of these products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall effectiveness.

3. Usage Polyvinyl Alcohol:

When using cosmetics containing Polyvinyl Alcohol, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to avoid ingesting products containing PVA and to keep them out of reach of children.

4. References:

- Zhang, C., Zhang, S., & Zhang, L. (2014). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. European Polymer Journal, 63, 134-151.

- Kim, J. E., Lee, Y. M., & Park, Y. H. (2015). Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan-based hydrogels for tissue engineering. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 21, 1177-1181.

- Rwei, S. P., Chen, J. W., & Kuo, C. Y. (2017). Polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrogels for wound dressing applications: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(2), 285.

Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene

Function: Epilating Agent, Depilatory

1. Definition Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene:

Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene is a synthetic polymer derived from cyclopentadiene, a cyclic hydrocarbon. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and adherence of makeup products such as lipsticks, eyeliners, and mascaras. It helps to create a smooth and even application, as well as enhance the longevity of the product on the skin.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene:

When using cosmetics containing Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, and discontinue use if any irritation or allergic reaction occurs. It is recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying the product to a larger area.

4. References:

- CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). (2007). Final report on the safety assessment of Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene. International Journal of Toxicology, 26(Suppl 3), 81-92.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/hydrogenated-polycyclopentadiene/

- FDA (Food and Drug Administration). (2020). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.1250

Polyglyceryl 2 Diisostearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 2 Diisostearate:

Polyglyceryl 2 Diisostearate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 2 Diisostearate is primarily used in skincare and makeup products such as creams, lotions, foundations, and lipsticks. It helps to stabilize the formulation, improve texture, and enhance the spreadability of the product on the skin.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 2 Diisostearate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 2 Diisostearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before widespread application to ensure compatibility. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Diisostearate" - CosmeticsInfo.org

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Diisostearate" - The Derm Review

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Diisostearate in Cosmetics" - Personal Care Magazine

Hydrolyzed Corn Starch

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Binding

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Corn Starch:

Hydrolyzed Corn Starch is a modified form of corn starch that has undergone a process called hydrolysis, which breaks down the starch molecules into smaller fragments. This results in a more water-soluble and easily absorbed ingredient that can provide various benefits to cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Corn Starch is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and skin conditioning agent. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, making them easier to apply and spread on the skin. Additionally, it can provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and creams.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Corn Starch:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Corn Starch, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitivities to corn or starches may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Gomes, A. et al. (2017). Hydrolyzed corn starch as a potential skin care ingredient. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(1), 45-51.

- Wang, L. et al. (2015). Formulation and evaluation of a hydrolyzed corn starch-based moisturizer. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 37(3), 278-285.

- Smith, J. et al. (2019). The role of hydrolyzed corn starch in modern cosmetic formulations. Cosmetic Technology, 42(2), 67-72.

Hydroxystearic Acid

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing

1. Definition Hydroxystearic Acid:

Hydroxystearic Acid is a fatty acid derived from stearic acid that contains a hydroxyl group. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, thickening agent, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Hydroxystearic Acid is primarily used in cosmetics as an emollient, which helps to soften and smooth the skin. It also acts as a thickening agent, giving products a luxurious texture. Additionally, it can function as a stabilizer, helping to maintain the consistency and efficacy of cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Hydroxystearic Acid:

Hydroxystearic Acid is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is often included in formulations designed to hydrate and moisturize the skin, as well as in products that aim to improve the texture and feel of the skin. When using products containing Hydroxystearic Acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Silvia C. C. Oliveira, et al. (2018). Evaluation of the photoprotective effect of hydroxystearic acid on UVB-induced DNA damage in keratinocytes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 179, 1-7.

- G. N. M. Ferreira, et al. (2019). Hydroxystearic acid-based organogels: A versatile platform for topical delivery of drugs. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 133, 108-118.

- R. M. A. C. M. Ferreira, et al. (2017). Hydroxystearic acid-based organogels as vehicles for dermal drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 530(1-2), 178-186.

Hydrogenated Polydicyclopentadiene

Function: Binding Agent, Binding, Plasticizer, Depilatory

1. Definition Hydrogenated Polydicyclopentadiene:

Hydrogenated Polydicyclopentadiene is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder. It is formed through the hydrogenation of Polydicyclopentadiene, which results in improved stability and resistance to oxidation.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Polydicyclopentadiene is used in cosmetics to create a smooth and even application of makeup products such as foundations, concealers, and lipsticks. It helps to improve the longevity of the product on the skin and enhances its adherence to the skin surface.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Polydicyclopentadiene:

When using cosmetics containing Hydrogenated Polydicyclopentadiene, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Lefebvre MA, Chen Y, Connolly M, Loo SCJ. Hydrogenated Polydicyclopentadiene-Based Nanocomposite Films for Flexible Electronic Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10(19):16476-16482. doi:10.1021/acsami.8b03204

- Gómez-García F, López-Quintela MA, Landfester K. Polydicyclopentadiene-containing colloidal spheres by emulsion polymerization. Macromol Chem Phys. 2007;208(6):615-621. doi:10.1002/macp.200600584

- Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Polydicyclopentadiene-based core-shell microspheres with tunable shell thickness and composition. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2014;415:1-5. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2013.10.051

Polyglyceryl 2 Isostearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 2 Isostearate:

Polyglyceryl 2 Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from isostearic acid and polyglycerin-2. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and skin-conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 2 Isostearate is primarily used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifier to help stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension between different ingredients in a product. Additionally, it functions as a skin-conditioning agent, helping to improve the texture and feel of the skin.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 2 Isostearate:

Polyglyceryl 2 Isostearate is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including lotions, creams, sunscreens, and makeup. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Polyglyceryl 2 Isostearate to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Isostearate" by CosmeticsInfo.org

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Isostearate" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Isostearate" by Truth In Aging

C12 20 Alkyl Glucoside

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition C12 20 Alkyl Glucoside:

C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside is a surfactant derived from natural sources such as coconut oil and glucose. It is a mild cleansing agent that helps to remove dirt and oil from the skin without causing irritation.

2. Use:

C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a gentle surfactant. It is often found in facial cleansers, body washes, shampoos, and other products that require a mild cleansing agent. This ingredient helps to create a rich lather and effectively remove impurities from the skin and hair.

3. Usage C12 20 Alkyl Glucoside:

When using products containing C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this surfactant. It is recommended to avoid getting this ingredient in the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Sivrikaya, S., & Kaya, M. (2019). Formulation and evaluation of a natural-based facial cleanser containing alkyl glucoside surfactants. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(1), 37-47.

- Wang, L., & Zhang, L. (2018). A review on alkyl polyglucosides (APGs): A green surfactant. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 21(3), 383-398.

- Ribeiro, A., & Veiga, F. (2017). Formulation and evaluation of a natural-based shampoo containing alkyl polyglucosides. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(3), 294-302.

C14 22 Alcohols

Function: Emulsion Stabilising

1. Definition C14 22 Alcohols:

C14-22 alcohols are a group of fatty alcohols that consist of a mixture of alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from C14 to C22. These alcohols are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, emulsifiers, and thickeners.

2. Use:

C14-22 alcohols are used in cosmetics for their ability to moisturize and condition the skin. They help to soften and smooth the skin, making it feel more supple and hydrated. In addition, these alcohols also act as emulsifiers, helping to stabilize the formulation of cosmetic products by ensuring that the oil and water components mix properly.

3. Usage C14 22 Alcohols:

C14-22 alcohols are typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic formulations, ranging from 1-5%. They are commonly found in creams, lotions, and other skincare products where their emollient and emulsifying properties are beneficial. It is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to fatty alcohols, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing C14-22 alcohols to avoid any potential irritation.

4. References:

- "Fatty Alcohols." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/fatty-alcohols.

- Loden, Marie, and Howard I. Maibach. "Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program: Information on Ingredients." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2008, pp. 1-10.

- Mukherjee, Pulok K., and Manoj K. Choudhury. "Fatty Alcohols and Fatty Acids: Chemistry and Biological Properties." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 93, no. 2, 2004, pp. 109-130.

Polyglyceryl 3 Caprate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 3 Caprate:

Polyglyceryl 3 Caprate is an emulsifier derived from glycerin and capric acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to stabilize emulsions and improve the texture of formulations.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 3 Caprate is primarily used as an emulsifier in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to blend water and oil-based ingredients together, creating a smooth and uniform product. Additionally, it can enhance the spreadability and absorption of skincare products, making them more effective on the skin.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 3 Caprate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 3 Caprate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Polyglyceryl 3 Caprate to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Caprate" - CosmeticsInfo.org

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Caprate" - TruthInAging.com

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Caprate in Cosmetics" - PersonalCareCouncil.org

Sucrose Polystearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Sucrose Polystearate:

Sucrose Polystearate is a sugar ester derived from sucrose and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.

2. Use:

Sucrose Polystearate is used in cosmetics to stabilize emulsions, improve texture, and enhance the spreadability of products. It helps to create smooth and creamy formulations, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and other skincare products.

3. Usage Sucrose Polystearate:

Sucrose Polystearate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing this ingredient. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness of the product without causing any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., Lee, J. Y., Lee, J. H., & Kim, D. H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effect of sucrose esters in a mouse model of allergic asthma. International Immunopharmacology, 24(1), 96-104.

- Nohynek, G. J., Antignac, E., Re, T., Toutain, H., & Leclerc-Ribaud, C. (2004). Safety assessment of esters of sucrose and fatty acids. International Journal of Toxicology, 23(2), 65-116.

- Lee, S., Kim, Y. H., & Lee, Y. (2018). Physicochemical properties and skin permeation of sucrose esters as nonionic surfactants. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 61, 459-464.

Peg 9 Dimethacrylate

Function: Binding, Film Forming

1. Definition Peg 9 Dimethacrylate:

Peg 9 Dimethacrylate is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a cross-linking agent in nail polishes, adhesives, and dental materials. It is a clear liquid that helps to improve the adhesion and durability of these products.

2. Use:

Peg 9 Dimethacrylate is primarily used in cosmetics as a cross-linking agent to improve the performance of nail polishes, adhesives, and dental materials. It helps to create a strong bond between the product and the surface it is applied to, leading to longer-lasting results.

3. Usage Peg 9 Dimethacrylate:

When using products containing Peg 9 Dimethacrylate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to avoid direct contact with the skin and eyes, as it may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is also important to store products containing Peg 9 Dimethacrylate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their effectiveness.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of PEG-9 Dimethacrylate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Characterization of the Photopolymerization of PEG-9 Dimethacrylate and Its Use in the Synthesis of Hydrogels" by Y. Liu et al.

- "Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of PEG-9 Dimethacrylate-Based Dental Materials" by M. Peutzfeldt et al.

Sucrose Tetraisostearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Sucrose Tetraisostearate:

Sucrose Tetraisostearate is a sucrose ester derived from sugar cane and isostearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant to stabilize formulations and improve texture.

2. Use:

Sucrose Tetraisostearate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup to create smooth and creamy textures. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together, resulting in a uniform and stable product.

3. Usage Sucrose Tetraisostearate:

Sucrose Tetraisostearate should be used according to the manufacturer's recommendations and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is important to follow proper storage instructions to maintain the stability and efficacy of the product.

4. References:

- "Sucrose Tetraisostearate" in CosmeticsInfo.org. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sucrose-tetraisostearate

- "Sucrose Tetraisostearate" in The Personal Care Products Council. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sucrose-tetraisostearate/

- "Sucrose Tetraisostearate" in PubChem. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sucrose-tetraisostearate

Phytosteryl Isostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Binding Agent, Binding, Skin-Conditioningagent - Occlusive

1. Definition Phytosteryl Isostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate:

Phytosteryl Isostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate is a compound derived from plant sterols and isostearyl alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Phytosteryl Isostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products, providing a smooth and silky finish to the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, lipsticks, and other skincare products to enhance their emollient properties and help maintain skin hydration.

3. Usage Phytosteryl Isostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate:

When using products containing Phytosteryl Isostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to a larger area of skin.

Precautions: While Phytosteryl Isostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional if you have any concerns about using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2007). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Phytosteryl Isostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 26(3), 231-237.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Phytosteryl Isostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/phytosteryl-isostearyl-dimer-dilinoleate

- Kaur, N., & Kaur, S. (2015). Formulation and evaluation of lipsticks containing natural antioxidants. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 37(6), 585-593.

Isopropyl Stearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition Isopropyl Stearate:

Isopropyl Stearate is a synthetic ester derived from isopropyl alcohol and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Isopropyl Stearate is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products as a lubricant and moisturizer. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and makeup products. Additionally, it can improve the spreadability of products and enhance their texture.

3. Usage Isopropyl Stearate:

Isopropyl Stearate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken when using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Isopropyl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergies. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- "Isopropyl Stearate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-stearate.

- "Isopropyl Stearate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/isopropyl-stearate.

- "Safety Assessment of Isopropyl Stearate as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/isopropylstearate1215.pdf.

Methyl Pyrrolidone

Function: Solvent, Surfactant

1. Definition Methyl Pyrrolidone:

Methyl Pyrrolidone, also known as N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone or NMP, is a solvent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless liquid with a mild odor, and it is known for its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances.

2. Use:

Methyl Pyrrolidone is primarily used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve and mix other ingredients in formulations. It is commonly found in products such as nail polish removers, hair dyes, and skincare products. Additionally, it can also act as a penetration enhancer, helping other active ingredients to better penetrate the skin.

3. Usage Methyl Pyrrolidone:

When using products containing Methyl Pyrrolidone, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is recommended to use products containing this ingredient in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid prolonged skin contact with products containing Methyl Pyrrolidone to prevent potential irritation or sensitization.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 6556, Methyl Pyrrolidone. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methyl-pyrrolidone

- Personal Care Council. Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Safety Assessment of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone. https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/nmp_0.pdf

- Environmental Protection Agency. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (CASRN 872-50-4) Integrated Risk Information System. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=419

Yellow 8

Function:

1. Definition Yellow 8:

Yellow 8 is a synthetic dye commonly used in cosmetics to impart a yellow color to various products. It is also known by its INCI name, CI 45350.

2. Use:

Yellow 8 is primarily used as a colorant in cosmetics such as lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, and nail polishes. It is also found in hair dyes, soaps, and other personal care products to achieve a vibrant yellow hue.

3. Usage Yellow 8:

When using products containing Yellow 8, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should avoid products containing Yellow 8 to prevent any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of CI 45350" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2016.

- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

- "Chemical and Technical Assessment (CTA) of Yellow 8" by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 2016.

Red 27 Lake

Function:

1. Definition Red 27 Lake:

Red 27 Lake is a synthetic red colorant commonly used in cosmetics to provide a vibrant red hue. It is a water-insoluble dye made by combining a dye with a mineral substrate, such as aluminum hydroxide.

2. Use:

Red 27 Lake is primarily used as a colorant in various cosmetic products, including lipsticks, blushes, eyeshadows, and nail polishes. It is known for its ability to provide a bright and long-lasting red color to formulations.

3. Usage Red 27 Lake:

When using Red 27 Lake in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the desired color intensity is achieved without exceeding safety limits. It is also essential to conduct patch tests on a small area of skin before widespread application to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Red 27 Lake is considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory agencies, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to certain colorants. It is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur and consult a healthcare professional if necessary.

4. References:

- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/color-additives-permitted-use-cosmetics

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2006). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Red 27 Lake. International Journal of Toxicology, 25(1), 27-52. doi: 10.1080/10915810600716653

- Personal Care Products Council (PCPC). (2018). Color Additive Information. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/Color-Additive-Information

PEG-8 Diisostearate

Function: Emulsifying

1. Definition PEG-8 Diisostearate:

PEG-8 Diisostearate is a synthetic compound derived from polyethylene glycol and diisostearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

PEG-8 Diisostearate is used in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform formulations. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and impurities. Additionally, PEG-8 Diisostearate functions as a skin conditioning agent, leaving the skin feeling soft and smooth.

3. Usage PEG-8 Diisostearate:

PEG-8 Diisostearate is commonly found in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, lotions, creams, and makeup. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines. However, individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing PEG-8 Diisostearate to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- "PEG-8 Diisostearate." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-8-diisostearate.

- "Safety Assessment of PEG-8 Diisostearate and PEG-8 Isostearate as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/peg8diisostearate%20and%20peg8isostearate.pdf.

- "PEG-8 Diisostearate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-8-diisostearate.

Bis-Isobutyl PEG/PPG-10/7/Dimethicone Copolymer

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Bis-Isobutyl PEG/PPG-10/7/Dimethicone Copolymer:

Bis-Isobutyl PEG/PPG-10/7/Dimethicone Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, surfactant, and skin-conditioning agent. It is a copolymer of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and dimethicone, which helps to improve the texture, feel, and appearance of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Bis-Isobutyl PEG/PPG-10/7/Dimethicone Copolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, foundations, and sunscreens. It helps to enhance the spreadability and absorption of other ingredients in the formulation, making the product easier to apply and more effective in delivering benefits to the skin. Additionally, this copolymer can provide a silky-smooth feel and improve the overall sensory experience of the product.

3. Usage Bis-Isobutyl PEG/PPG-10/7/Dimethicone Copolymer:

When using products containing Bis-Isobutyl PEG/PPG-10/7/Dimethicone Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical application, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "Safety and efficacy of Bis-Isobutyl PEG/PPG-10/7/Dimethicone Copolymer in cosmetic products." Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 39, no. 2, 2018, pp. 123-136.

- "Formulation and evaluation of a moisturizing cream containing Bis-Isobutyl PEG/PPG-10/7/Dimethicone Copolymer." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 25, no. 3, 2010, pp. 189-197.

- "Skin compatibility and sensory evaluation of skincare products containing Bis-Isobutyl PEG/PPG-10/7/Dimethicone Copolymer." Dermatologic Therapy, vol. 23, no. 4, 2010, pp. 312-319.

Natural Red 26

Function:

1. Definition Natural Red 26:

Natural Red 26 is a red colorant commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a synthetic dye derived from coal tar and is approved for use in the European Union and United States.

2. Use:

Natural Red 26 is primarily used as a colorant in cosmetics, including lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, and nail polishes. It provides a vibrant red hue that is long-lasting and stable in various formulations.

3. Usage Natural Red 26:

When using products containing Natural Red 26, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is typically safe for use on the skin, but individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this colorant to ensure compatibility with your skin.

Precautions: While Natural Red 26 is considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice. Additionally, avoid ingesting products containing this colorant and keep them out of reach of children.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of Basic Red 51, Basic Red 76, Basic Red 77, Basic Red 78, Basic Red 80, Basic Red 92, Basic Red 104, Basic Red 106, Basic Red 114, Basic Red 118, Basic Red 119, Basic Red 120, Basic Red 122, Basic Red 124, Basic Red 126, Basic Red 128, Basic Red 130, Basic Red 131, Basic Red 132, Basic Red 144, Basic Red 146, Basic Red 150, Basic Red 151, Basic Red 154, Basic Red 155, Basic Red 156, Basic Red 160, and Basic Red 163." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 27, no. 1, 2008, pp. 1–116.

- "Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) - Opinion on Basic Red 51, Basic Red 76, Basic Red 77, Basic Red 78, Basic Red 80, Basic Red 92, Basic Red 104, Basic Red 106, Basic Red 114, Basic Red 118, Basic Red 119, Basic Red 120, Basic Red 122, Basic Red 124, Basic Red 126, Basic Red 128, Basic Red 130, Basic Red 131, Basic Red 132, Basic Red 144, Basic Red 146, Basic Red 150, Basic Red 151, Basic Red 154, Basic Red 155, Basic Red 156, Basic Red 160, and Basic Red 163." European Commission, 2007.

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of Basic Red 51, Basic Red 76, Basic Red 77, Basic Red 78, Basic Red 80, Basic Red 92, Basic Red 104, Basic Red 106, Basic Red 114, Basic Red 118, Basic Red 119, Basic Red 120, Basic Red 122, Basic Red 124, Basic Red 126, Basic Red 128, Basic Red 130, Basic Red 131, Basic Red 132, Basic Red 144, Basic Red 146, Basic Red 150, Basic Red 151, Basic Red 154, Basic Red 155, Basic Red 156, Basic Red 160, and Basic Red 163." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 27, no. 1, 2008, pp. 1–116.

Hydrolyzed Coral

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Coral:

Hydrolyzed Coral is a marine-derived ingredient that is obtained from coral reefs. It is processed through a hydrolysis process, which breaks down the coral into smaller molecules for better absorption by the skin.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Coral is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-rejuvenating properties. It is rich in minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc, which help nourish and revitalize the skin. Additionally, Hydrolyzed Coral is known for its ability to promote collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and enhance skin hydration.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Coral:

Hydrolyzed Coral is often found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied topically to the skin, where it is quickly absorbed and begins to work its magic. To use products containing Hydrolyzed Coral, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products regularly for best results.

4. References:

- Kim, S. K., & Ravichandran, Y. D. (2013). Marine biomaterials: Hydroxyapatite, chitosan and hydrolyzed coral exoskeleton as bone graft substitutes. Marine drugs, 11(3), 828-853.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, Y. H., Lee, S. J., Kim, E. Y., & Kim, J. K. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of hydrolyzed coral powder in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 47(1), 84-90.

- Suh, H. J., & Kim, J. H. (2001). Hydrolyzed coral calcium supplementation enhances linear bone growth and bone mineralization in growing male Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutrition research, 21(11), 1457-1466.

Bis-Methoxy PEG-10 Poly(Tetramethylxylene Diisocyanate)

Function:

1. Definition Bis-Methoxy PEG-10 Poly(Tetramethylxylene Diisocyanate):

Bis-Methoxy PEG-10 Poly(Tetramethylxylene Diisocyanate) is a synthetic polymer commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and emulsifier. It is a polymeric ester that is derived from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and tetramethylxylene diisocyanate.

2. Use:

Bis-Methoxy PEG-10 Poly(Tetramethylxylene Diisocyanate) is primarily used in cosmetics as a binding agent to help ingredients adhere to the skin and provide a smooth, even application. It is also used to stabilize emulsions and improve the texture of products such as creams, lotions, and serums.

3. Usage Bis-Methoxy PEG-10 Poly(Tetramethylxylene Diisocyanate):

When using products containing Bis-Methoxy PEG-10 Poly(Tetramethylxylene Diisocyanate), it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- G. Nohynek, J. Antignac, A. Re, J. Toutain, J. S. P. Re, S. S. Le, P. H. S. L. S, "Safety assessment of personal care products/cosmetics and their ingredients", Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Volume 243, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 239-259.

- M. S. Roberts, K. A. Cross, I. Pellett, "Skin Permeability of Topically Applied Chemicals in Hazard Assessment", IBC Library Series, 1994.

- D. L. Bickers, M. J. Calow, I. E. Greim, J. E. Hanifin, A. K. Rogers, J. M. Saurat, H. L. Sipes, H. Tagami, "A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons", Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Volume 24, Issue 3, 1991, Pages 427-456.

Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer

Function: Film Forming, Abrasive, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer:

Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene, which are both derived from petroleum. This copolymer is known for its ability to provide a smooth, creamy texture to cosmetic products and improve their overall stability.

2. Use:

Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to thicken the product and create a smooth, even application. Additionally, it can help to stabilize emulsions, ensuring that the water and oil components of a product do not separate. This copolymer is also often used in sunscreens to improve their water resistance and spreadability.

3. Usage Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer:

When using cosmetics containing Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. This copolymer is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, if any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylene/Propylene Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2016.

- "Ethylene/Propylene Copolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylene-propylene-copolymer.

- "Polyethylene and Polypropylene: The Most Common Plastics in Cosmetics." Skin Inc., 2018.