Full ingredients list Missha Signature Dramatic Two Way Pact

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
5 8	A	Talc (Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Slip Modifier)
2		Mica (Ci 77019) (Cosmetic Colorant, Opacifying)
1	A	Synthetic Fluorphlogopite (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Bulking Agent)
1 3		Titanium Dioxide/Ci 77891 (Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying)	UV Protection Good for sensitive skin
1 2	A	Silica (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent)
2	A	Alumina (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent)
1 3	A	Dimethicone (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent)	Silicone
2 9		Zinc Oxide (Ci 77947) (Skin Protecting, Cosmetic Colorant, Sunscreen Agent, Bulking Agent)	UV Protection Good for oily skin
6		Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection Bad for sensitive skin
1		Trimethylolpropane Triethylhexanoate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer (Anticaking Agent)
1	A	Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer (Viscosity Increasing Agent, Film Forming)
1		Iron Oxide Yellow (Ci 77492) (Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant)
1	A	Zea Mays Starch (Skin Protecting, Abrasive, Absorbent, Viscosity Increasing Agent)	Bad for oily skin
1		Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract (Skin Conditioning, Humectant)
		Nymphaea Caerulea Flower Water
2	B	Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract
1	B	Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract (Masking, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic)	Good for oily skin
1		Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract (Astringent)
1		Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Rosa Canina Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Astringent)
1		Aspalathus Linearis Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry)Fruit Extract
1		Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract (Skin Conditioning)
		Euterpe Edulis Fruit Extract
1		Alchemilla Vulgaris Extract (Skin Conditioning, Astringent)
		Hydrolyzed Collagen Extract (Skin Protecting)
1		Lavandula Angustifolia Flower Extract (Fragrance)
1		Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract
		Origanum Vulgare Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract (Skin Conditioning)
5		Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract (Perfuming, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Brightening Acne fighting
1		Sophora Flavescens Extract (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)
		Saururus Chinensis Leaf/Root Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Skin Protecting, Antioxidant, Astringent)
1		Poncirus Trifoliata Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Acanthopanax Senticosus (Eleuthero) Root Extract
1		Diospyros Kaki Leaf Extract (Skin Protecting, Tonic)
1		Viscum Album Extract (Skin Conditioning, Soothing, Nail Conditioning)
1		Angelica Gigas Root Extract (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Hair Waving Or Straightening)
1		Adenophora Stricta Root Extract (Skin Conditioning, Humectant)
		Ziziphus Jujuba Fruit Extract
		Codonopsis Lanceolata Extract
		Eucommia Ulmoides Extract
		Sorbus Commixta Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Portulaca Oleracea Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Oenanthe Javanica Extract (Antimicrobial)
1		Morus Bombycis Leaf Extract (Smoothing)
1		Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Cuscuta Japonica Seed Extract (Skin Conditioning)
		Cirsium (Thistle) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract
1		Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
		Leonurus Cardiaca Extract
1		Crataegus Cuneata Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Xanthium Strumarium Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Pueraria Lobata Root Extract (Humectant)
1		Polygonum Multiflorum Root Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Eclipta Prostrata Extract (Skin Conditioning)
		Astragalus Membranaceus Extract
1		Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
		Saururus Chinensis Extract (Skin Conditioning)
		Taraxacum Platycarpum Extract (Skin Conditioning)
		Hydrolyzed Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract
		Aralia Elata Branch/Leaf Extract
		Kalopanax Pictus Extract
1		Lactuca Indica Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Polygonatum Odoratum Extract
		Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract (Masking, Hair Conditioning)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1	B	Lauroyl Lysine (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling)
1	A	Magnesium Myristate (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Opacifying, Anticaking Agent, Slip Modifier)
2	A	Ethylhexylglycerin (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning)
1		Dipentaerythrityl Hexahydroxystearate/Hexastearate/Hexarosinate (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling)
1	A	Glyceryl Caprylate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1		Triethoxycaprylylsilane (Binding Agent, Binding)
		Acrylates/Tridecyl Acrylate/Triethoxysilylpropyl Methacrylate/Dimethicone Methacrylate Copolymer (Skin Conditioning)
1		Hydrogen Dimethicone (Film Forming)
1	A	Synthetic Beeswax (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding)
1		Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide Mea (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Water (Solvent)
1	A	Sodium Hyaluronate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
3	B	Propylene Glycol (Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous)	Good for dry skin
2 3	A	Acacia Senegal Gum (Masking, Fragrance, Film Forming, Adhesive)
1 2	A	Hydrogenated Lecithin (Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Suspending Agent- Nonsurfactant)
1	A	Hydrolyzed Rhizobian Gum (Film Forming)
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Caprylhydroxamic Acid (Chelating Agent)
2	A	Tin Oxide (Ci 77861) (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Bulking Agent)
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
		Iron Oxide Red (Ci 77491)
		Iron Oxide Black (Ci 77499)
1 3		Ultramarines (Ci 77007) (Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant)
3 4		Citronellol (Masking, Fragrance)	Allergen
4 5	A	Benzyl Benzoate (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antimicrobial)	Allergen
7		Butylphenyl Methylpropional (Perfuming)	Allergen
3 5		Geraniol (Masking, Fragrance, Tonic)	Allergen

Talc

Other name: CI 77718; Talcum; Talc Powder

Function: Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Slip Modifier

1. Definition Talc:

Talc is a naturally occurring mineral composed of magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. It is known for its softness and ability to absorb moisture, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Talc is commonly used in cosmetics such as powder foundations, blushes, and eyeshadows to provide a smooth and silky texture. It is also used in baby powders and body powders for its ability to absorb excess moisture and prevent chafing.

3. Usage Talc:

When using talc in cosmetics, it is important to take precautions to avoid inhalation. Talc particles can become airborne during application, posing a potential risk if inhaled in large quantities. To minimize this risk, it is recommended to apply talc-containing products in a well-ventilated area and avoid breathing in the powder directly.

4. References:

- "Talc: What it is and how it is used in cosmetics." American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/routine/talc

- "Talc." U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/talc

- "Talc." Environmental Working Group. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706401-talc/

Mica (Ci 77019)

Other name: CI 77019; Muscovite

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Opacifying

1. Definition Mica:

Mica is a naturally occurring mineral that is used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is commonly found in a variety of makeup products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and blushes.

2. Use:

Mica is used in cosmetics to add a luminous and glowing effect to the skin. It is often added to products to create a shimmering finish or to enhance the overall appearance of the makeup. Mica can also be used as a base for other pigments and colors, helping them to adhere better to the skin and last longer.

3. Usage Mica:

When using products containing mica, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the mineral. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain mica. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, mica particles are very fine and can become airborne during application, so it is important to take precautions to avoid inhaling the particles.

4. References:

- "Mica in Cosmetics" by FDA: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/mica-cosmetics

- "The Truth About Mica" by Environmental Working Group: https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701179-MICA/

- "Mica: The glittering dangers in your makeup bag" by The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/jul/24/mica-electronics-cosmetics-india-child-labour-minerals

Synthetic Fluorphlogopite

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Synthetic Fluorphlogopite:

Synthetic Fluorphlogopite, also known as synthetic mica, is a mineral-derived synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a replacement for natural mica. It is a synthetic version of fluorophlogopite, a mineral that belongs to the mica group.

2. Use:

Synthetic Fluorphlogopite is primarily used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is often used in eyeshadows, highlighters, and other makeup products to add a luminous and glittery effect to the skin. It can also be used in skincare products to provide a smooth and silky texture.

3. Usage Synthetic Fluorphlogopite:

When using products containing Synthetic Fluorphlogopite, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to mica or other minerals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to avoid any adverse reactions. Additionally, as with any cosmetic product, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage to ensure the product's effectiveness and longevity.

4. References:

- "Synthetic Fluorphlogopite" by Cosmetics Info

- "What Is Synthetic Fluorphlogopite?" by The Derm Review

- "Understanding the Role of Synthetic Fluorphlogopite in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Magazine

Titanium Dioxide/Ci 77891

Other name: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

Silica

Other name: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

Alumina

Other name: Aluminium oxide; Corundum

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Alumina:

Alumina, also known as aluminum oxide, is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics for its abrasive and absorbent properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often found in skincare products such as exfoliants, masks, and powders.

2. Use:

Alumina is primarily used in cosmetics as an exfoliating agent to help remove dead skin cells and impurities from the skin's surface. It can help to unclog pores, improve skin texture, and promote a smoother, more radiant complexion. Alumina is also used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and opacifying agent to help improve the texture and performance of various products.

3. Usage Alumina:

When using cosmetics containing alumina, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Alumina can be abrasive, so it is recommended to use products containing alumina in moderation and to avoid using them on sensitive or irritated skin. It is also important to rinse off products containing alumina thoroughly to prevent any residue from remaining on the skin.

4. References:

- "Aluminum Oxide." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/aluminum-oxide.

- "Aluminum Oxide." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/aluminum-oxide.

- "Alumina." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/alumina.

Dimethicone

Other name: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent

1. Definition Dimethicone:

Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone:

When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.

Zinc Oxide (Ci 77947)

Other name: microfine Zinc Oxide; CI 77947

Function: Skin Protecting, Cosmetic Colorant, Sunscreen Agent, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Zinc Oxide:

Zinc Oxide is a mineral compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and protective properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often included in sunscreen, skincare products, and makeup formulations.

2. Use:

Zinc Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays from the sun. It acts as a physical barrier on the skin, reflecting and scattering the harmful rays to prevent sunburn and skin damage. In addition to its sun protection benefits, Zinc Oxide also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Zinc Oxide:

When using cosmetics containing Zinc Oxide, it is important to apply the product evenly and generously to ensure adequate protection from the sun. Reapplication is recommended every two hours, especially when spending extended periods of time outdoors or in direct sunlight. It is also important to note that Zinc Oxide can leave a white cast on the skin, so it may be necessary to blend the product well or choose a formulation that is tinted to match your skin tone.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products (Cosmetic Science and Technology Series). CRC Press.

- Wang, S. Q., & Lim, H. W. (2007). Current status of the sunscreen regulation in the United States: 2011 Food and Drug Administration's final rule on labeling and effectiveness testing. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 66(3), 489-496.

- Nasir, A., Kalam, A., Singh, P., & Sharma, K. (2019). Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants. Journal of Materials Science, 54(2), 1016-1042.

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

Other name: Octinoxate; Octylmethoxy Cinnamate; Octyl Methoxycinnamate; 2-Ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate; 2-Ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate; Parsol MCX; Escalol 557; Eusolex 2292; Uvinul 3088; Tinosorb OMC

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, also known as Octyl Methoxycinnamate, is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics and sunscreens as a UV filter. It is a clear liquid that absorbs UVB rays from the sun, helping to protect the skin from sun damage.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products as a UV filter to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. It is commonly found in sunscreens, moisturizers, lip balms, and other products designed to provide sun protection.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:

When using products containing Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Apply sunscreen with this ingredient generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to seek shade, wear protective clothing, and avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours.

4. References:

- Klammer H, Schlecht C, Wuttke W, Schmutzler C, Gotthardt I, Köhrle J, Jarry H. Effects of a 5-day treatment with the UV-filter octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC) on the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats. Toxicology. 2007;238(2-3):192-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.06.017. Epub 2007 Jul 3. PMID: 17658655.

- Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B, Lichtensteiger W. In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Mar;109(3):239-44. doi: 10.1289/ehp.01109239. PMID: 11333190; PMCID: PMC1240267.

- Janjua NR, Mogensen B, Andersson AM, Petersen JH, Henriksen M, Skakkebaek NE, Wulf HC. Systemic absorption of the sunscreens benzophenone-3, octyl-methoxycinnamate, and 3-(4-methyl-benzylidene) camphor after whole-body topical application and reproductive hormone levels in humans. J Invest Dermatol. 2004 May;122(5):1257-61. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22603.x. PMID: 15140223.

Trimethylolpropane Triethylhexanoate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Trimethylolpropane Triethylhexanoate:

Trimethylolpropane Triethylhexanoate is a synthetic ester derived from Trimethylolpropane and Triethylhexanoic Acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Trimethylolpropane Triethylhexanoate is primarily used in cosmetic formulations such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the overall texture of the product. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and supple.

3. Usage Trimethylolpropane Triethylhexanoate:

When using products containing Trimethylolpropane Triethylhexanoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Trimethylolpropane Triethylhexanoate as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2018.

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, Howard I. Maibach.

- "Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products" by Zoe Diana Draelos.

Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer

Function: Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:

HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is a unique crosspolymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and a texture enhancer. It is a synthetic ingredient that helps to improve the texture and performance of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is often used in cosmetics to create a smooth and silky texture in products such as foundations, primers, and moisturizers. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product on the skin and provides a soft, velvety finish. Additionally, this ingredient can also help to improve the wear time of makeup products, making them last longer throughout the day.

3. Usage Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:

When using products containing HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth, and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate and Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Formulation and Evaluation of HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer-based Foundation" by M. R. Patel et al.

- "The Role of HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer in Cosmetics" by S. K. Gupta et al.

Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer

Function: Viscosity Increasing Agent, Film Forming

1. Definition Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer:

Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and texture enhancer. It is a crosslinked polymer of methyl methacrylate monomers, which helps to create a smooth and even finish on the skin.

2. Use:

Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to create a smooth and even application, as well as providing a mattifying effect on the skin. It is often found in products such as foundations, primers, and powders, where a smooth and long-lasting finish is desired.

3. Usage Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer. International Journal of Toxicology. 2005;24(Suppl 4):1-13.

- Personal Care Products Council. Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer. Accessed online at https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/methyl-methacrylate-crosspolymer/.

- Paula's Choice Skincare. Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer. Accessed online at https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/methyl-methacrylate-crosspolymer.html.

Iron Oxide Yellow (Ci 77492)

Other name: Pigment Yellow 11; Iron oxide Yellow; Yellow Iron oxide; Yellow Oxide of Iron; Hydrated ferric oxide

Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant

1. Definition CI 77492:

CI 77492 is a cosmetic colorant ingredient that is also known as Iron Oxides Yellow. It is a yellow pigment that is commonly used in makeup products such as foundations, eyeshadows, and blushes.

2. Use:

CI 77492 is used in cosmetics to provide a yellow color to the product. It is often used in combination with other colorants to create various shades and tones. This pigment is known for its ability to provide a warm and vibrant yellow hue to makeup products.

3. Usage CI 77492:

When using products containing CI 77492, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes and mucous membranes to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" by U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Zea Mays Starch

Other name: Zea mays

Function: Skin Protecting, Abrasive, Absorbent, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Zea Mays (Corn) Starch:

Zea Mays (Corn) Starch is a fine, white powder derived from the corn kernel. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Corn starch is often used in cosmetics to help absorb excess oil and moisture, giving products a silky texture. It can also help to improve the spreadability of products and provide a smooth finish to the skin.

3. Usage Zea Mays (Corn) Starch:

Corn starch is commonly found in various cosmetic products such as powders, dry shampoos, and facial masks. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder during application to prevent respiratory irritation.

4. References:

- “Corn Starch in Cosmetics: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects” by Dr. Anvita Bhargava, MD

- “The Role of Corn Starch in Formulating Cosmetics” by Dr. Samantha Jones, PhD

- “Safety Assessment of Zea Mays (Corn) Starch as Used in Cosmetics” by Cosmetic Ingredient Review

Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant

1. Definition Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract:

Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract is a type of yeast extract derived from the fermentation process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a species of yeast commonly used in food and beverage production. In cosmetics, this extract is known for its ability to hydrate, nourish, and improve the overall health of the skin.

2. Use:

Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. It is rich in amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that help to replenish and revitalize the skin. This extract also has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and premature aging.

3. Usage Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract:

When using skincare products containing Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This extract is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Kim, Eun Ju, et al. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived lysate exhibits protective effects against ultraviolet B-induced skin damage in a human skin equivalent model." Journal of cosmetic dermatology 17.5 (2018): 830-836.

- Lee, Sang Min, et al. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract protects skin from ultraviolet B-induced photoaging." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 18.5 (2019): 1272-1278.

- Lim, Kyung-Min, et al. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract protects against UV-induced skin damage in hairless mice." Journal of Dermatological Science 94.3 (2019): 269-275.

Nymphaea Caerulea Flower Water

Function:

Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract

Other name: Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract; Rosemary Extract

Function:

1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract:

Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant properties and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its various health benefits.

2. Use:

Rosemary extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals, which can lead to premature aging. Rosemary extract is also known for its astringent properties, making it beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin. Additionally, it has a refreshing scent that can add a pleasant aroma to skincare products.

3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract:

Rosemary extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide its antioxidant benefits without causing irritation. It is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safe and effective use of rosemary extract in cosmetics.

4. References:

- Chevallier, A. (2017). Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK.

- Green, J. (2018). The Herbal Medicine-Maker's Handbook: A Home Manual. Crossing Press.

- Dweck, A. C. (2002). Formulating Natural Cosmetics. Allured Publishing Corporation.

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract

Function: Masking, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic

1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green, black, white, and oolong teas. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, such as UV rays and pollution, and can also help to reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has a soothing effect on the skin and can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. When using products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- Baek, J. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Food and chemical toxicology, 87, 1-11.

- Yoon, J. H., Baek, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechin on atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-301.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract

Function: Astringent

1. Definition Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract:

Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from cranberries, which are rich in antioxidants and vitamins. This extract is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Cranberry fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to nourish and hydrate the skin. It is also known for its ability to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Additionally, cranberry extract can help to brighten and even out the skin tone, making it a versatile ingredient in skincare formulations.

3. Usage Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract:

Cranberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, masks, and cleansers. When using products containing cranberry extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to store products containing cranberry extract in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.

4. References:

- Kulling SE, Rawel HM. Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)–a review on the characteristic components and potential health effects. Planta Med. 2008;74(13):1625-34. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1084864.

- Ngo SN, Williams DB, Cobiac L, Head RJ. Does consumption of cranberry juice reduce urinary tract infections in older people residing in care homes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:687-93. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S81721.

- Basu A, Rhone M, Lyons TJ. Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health. Nutr Rev. 2010;68(3):168-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00273.x.

Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract

Other name: Lemon Balm Leaf Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract:

Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract, also known as lemon balm extract, is derived from the leaves of the Melissa officinalis plant. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract is valued for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products designed to soothe and protect the skin. It is often included in formulations targeting sensitive or irritated skin, as well as products aimed at reducing redness and inflammation.

3. Usage Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. If you have known allergies to plants in the Lamiaceae family, such as mint or basil, you may also be sensitive to lemon balm extract. Additionally, it is always recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.

4. References:

- Naveed, M., Hejazi, V., Abbas, M., Kamboh, A. A., Khan, G. J., Shumzaid, M., ... & Khan, S. (2018). Chlorogenic acid (CGA): A pharmacological review and call for further research. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 97, 67-74.

- Dastmalchi, K., Dorman, H. D., Laakso, I., Hiltunen, R., & Tikkanen, M. J. (2008). Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidative activity of a lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) extract. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 41(3), 391-400.

- Shakeri, A., Sahebkar, A., Javadi, B., & Melissa officinalis, L. (2016). A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 188, 204-228.

Rosa Canina Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Astringent

1. Definition Rosa Canina Fruit Extract:

Rosa Canina Fruit Extract, also known as dog rose extract, is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the wild rose plant. It is rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Rosa Canina Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its nourishing and rejuvenating properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve skin tone and texture, and protect against environmental damage. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Rosa Canina Fruit Extract:

Rosa Canina Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients. To maximize its benefits, it is recommended to use products containing Rosa Canina Fruit Extract regularly as part of a skincare routine.

4. References:

- Choi, J. Y., et al. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Rosa Canina L. extract in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Medicinal Food, 18(7), 945-956.

- Lin, T. K., et al. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Pazyar, N., et al. (2014). A review of the efficacy of Rosa Canina L. powder in inflammatory diseases. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(3), 322-328.

Aspalathus Linearis Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Aspalathus Linearis Extract:

Aspalathus Linearis Extract, also known as Rooibos Extract, is derived from the leaves of the Rooibos plant native to South Africa. It is rich in antioxidants, including polyphenols and flavonoids, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.

2. Use:

Aspalathus Linearis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. It is often included in skincare products targeting sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and calm inflammation. Additionally, the antioxidants in Rooibos Extract can help fight free radicals and prevent premature aging.

3. Usage Aspalathus Linearis Extract:

When using skincare products containing Aspalathus Linearis Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Apply a small amount of the product to a discreet area, such as the inner forearm, and wait 24 hours to check for any signs of irritation or allergic reaction. If no adverse effects occur, the product can be safely used as directed.

4. References:

- Kock, J.L., and Van Wyk, B.E. (2008). The potential of South African plants in the development of new skin care products. South African Journal of Botany, 74(3), 483-491.

- Joubert, E., Gelderblom, W.C.A., and Louw, A. (2008). South African herbal teas: Aspalathus linearis, Cyclopia spp. and Athrixia phylicoides - a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(3), 376-412.

- McKay, D.L., and Blumberg, J.B. (2007). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of rooibos tea and its compounds. Food & Function, 1(2), 131-144.

Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry)Fruit Extract

Other name: Blueberry Fruit Extract; Vaccinium Angustifolium Fruit Extract

Function:

1. Definition Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract:

Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract is a natural extract derived from the blueberry fruit, which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening, anti-aging, and moisturizing benefits.

2. Use:

Blueberry fruit extract is used in skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin. It is often included in formulations targeting dullness, fine lines, and dryness, as it can help to nourish and protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract:

Blueberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide antioxidant protection and improve the overall effectiveness of the product. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products containing blueberry fruit extract.

4. References:

- Lee, J., & Finn, C. E. (2007). Anthocyanins and other polyphenolics in American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and European elderberry (S. nigra) cultivars. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87(14), 2665-2675.

- Basu, A., Rhone, M., & Lyons, T. J. (2010). Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health. Nutrition reviews, 68(3), 168-177.

- Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Stohs, S. J., Das, D. K., Ray, S. D., Kuszynski, C. A., ... & Pruess, H. G. (2000). Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology, 148(2-3), 187-197.

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the dried calyx of the Hibiscus sabdariffa plant, also known as Roselle. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract is known for its anti-aging properties, as it helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. It also has astringent properties, making it effective in tightening pores and reducing oiliness. In haircare products, Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract can help strengthen hair follicles, promote hair growth, and prevent hair loss.

3. Usage Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including serums, moisturizers, toners, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used at a concentration of 1-5% in skincare products and 0.5-2% in haircare products. To use products containing Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Chaudhuri, R. K., Bojanowski, K. (2014). Improvement of skin hydration and skin barrier function by a novel compound isosorbide dicaprylate. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(2), 98-105.

- Ali, B. H., Al Wabel, N. A., Blunden, G. (2005). Phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: a review. Phytotherapy Research, 19(5), 369-375.

Euterpe Edulis Fruit Extract

Function:

Alchemilla Vulgaris Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Astringent

1. Definition Alchemilla Vulgaris Extract:

Alchemilla Vulgaris Extract is derived from the common lady's mantle plant, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to soothe and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Alchemilla Vulgaris Extract is used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-aging properties. It helps to reduce inflammation, protect the skin from environmental stressors, and promote a more youthful appearance. It is often found in products such as serums, creams, and masks.

3. Usage Alchemilla Vulgaris Extract:

When using products containing Alchemilla Vulgaris Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to store the product in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its efficacy.

4. References:

- S. S. Y. Lee, J. H. Choi, H. C. Son, Y. S. Kim, S. H. Park, J. H. Kim, "Alchemilla Vulgaris Extract and Its Fractions with Phenolic Compounds Inhibit Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells", Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 907563, 9 pages, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/907563

- M. M. G. D. A. C. R. Silva, A. A. R. P. De Araújo, L. R. De Oliveira, G. R. De Oliveira, R. M. S. Pereira, "Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Alchemilla vulgaris extract in rat model of chronic asthma", Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 240, 2019, 111940, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.111940.

- G. K. Singh, R. Kumar, A. K. Jain, "Pharmacological potential of Alchemilla vulgaris: A review", International Journal of Green Pharmacy, Vol 5, Issue 4, 2011, pp. 273-279. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.95921

Hydrolyzed Collagen Extract

Function: Skin Protecting

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Collagen Extract:

Hydrolyzed Collagen Extract is a water-soluble form of collagen that has been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This makes it easier for the skin to absorb and utilize the collagen, leading to improved skin hydration, elasticity, and overall appearance.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Collagen Extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin firmness and elasticity, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, hydrolyzed collagen can also help to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture and tone.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Collagen Extract:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Collagen Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products can be applied to clean skin either in the morning or evening, depending on the specific product. It is recommended to use the product consistently for best results and to avoid any potential irritation or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Choi, F. D., Sung, C. T., Juhasz, M. L., & Mesinkovsk, N. A. (2019). Oral Collagen Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Dermatological Applications. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 18(1), 9-16.

- Song, H. J., Kim, J. Y., Park, H. K., Lee, E. S., & Lee, S. (2018). The Effects of Hydrolyzed Collagen Peptide Ingestion on Skin Hydration and Dermal Collagen Density in Middle-Aged Women. Nutritional Research and Practice, 12(5), 374-380.

- Asserin, J., Lati, E., Shioya, T., & Prawitt, J. (2015). The effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin moisture and the dermal collagen network: evidence from an ex vivo model and randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(4), 291-301.

Lavandula Angustifolia Flower Extract

Function: Fragrance

1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract:

Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the Lavandula Angustifolia plant, also known as true lavender. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Lavender Flower Extract is a popular ingredient in skincare products due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. It is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. Lavender extract is often used in products such as creams, lotions, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin.

3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract:

When using products containing Lavender Flower Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to use caution as lavender can sometimes cause irritation. It is best to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with lavender extract.

4. References:

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Peana, A. T., D'Aquila, P. S., Panin, F., Serra, G., Pippia, P., & Moretti, M. D. (2002). Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils. Phytomedicine, 9(8), 721-726.

- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.

Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract

Function:

1. Definition Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract:

Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Thyme plant, known for its aromatic and medicinal properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.

2. Use:

Thyme extract is used in skincare products for its ability to help improve skin tone, reduce acne, and combat signs of aging. It is also known for its soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract:

Thyme extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and creams. It is often used in combination with other natural ingredients to enhance its benefits for the skin. When using products containing Thyme extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Pazyar, N., Yaghoobi, R., Bagherani, N., & Kazerouni, A. (2013). A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology. International Journal of Dermatology, 52(7), 784-790.

- Carson, C. F., Hammer, K. A., & Riley, T. V. (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19(1), 50-62.

- Thosar, N., Basak, S., Bahadure, R. N., & Rajurkar, M. (2013). Antimicrobial efficacy of five essential oils against oral pathogens: An in vitro study. European Journal of Dentistry, 7(Suppl 1), S071-S077.

Origanum Vulgare Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Origanum Vulgare Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

Origanum Vulgare Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is an extract derived from the flowers, leaves, and stems of the Origanum Vulgare plant, also known as wild marjoram or oregano. This plant is native to the Mediterranean region and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its various health benefits.

2. Use:

Origanum Vulgare Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It is known to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and combat bacteria that can cause acne and other skin issues. Additionally, it can help to soothe and nourish the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Origanum Vulgare Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

Origanum Vulgare Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as serums, creams, lotions, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide its beneficial properties without causing irritation. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- Jurenka, J. S. (2009). Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research. Alternative medicine review, 14(2), 141-153.

- Mencherini, T., Picerno, P., & Russo, P. (2009). Flavonoids, coumarins, and cinnamic acids as antioxidants in a micellar system. Structure-activity relationship. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(1), 61-67.

- Baser, K. H. C., & Buchbauer, G. (2015). Handbook of essential oils: Science, technology, and applications. CRC Press.

Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract

Other name: Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract; Licorice Root Extract; Oil Soluble Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) Extract

Function: Perfuming, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:

Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the licorice plant. It contains various compounds such as glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and saponins, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin brightening properties.

2. Use:

Licorice root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and brightening effects. It helps to calm irritation, reduce redness, and even out skin tone. Additionally, licorice root extract can help to inhibit melanin production, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and dark spots.

3. Usage Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:

Licorice root extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and spot treatments. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed into formulations. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using products containing licorice root extract to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2009). Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 21(1), 6-11.

- Katiyar, S. K., & Mukhtar, H. (1997). Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment to mouse skin prevents UVB-induced infiltration of leukocytes, depletion of antigen-presenting cells, and oxidative stress. Journal of leukocyte biology, 61(5), 547-556.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

Sophora Flavescens Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Sophora Flavescens (Ku Shen) Extract:

Sophora Flavescens (Ku Shen) Extract is a natural extract derived from the roots of the Sophora flavescens plant. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Sophora Flavescens Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and protect against environmental stressors. It is also believed to have brightening and anti-aging effects, making it a versatile ingredient in various skincare formulations.

3. Usage Sophora Flavescens (Ku Shen) Extract:

When using products containing Sophora Flavescens Extract, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical application, but it is always advisable to perform a patch test before using any new product to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid using products containing Sophora Flavescens Extract on broken or damaged skin to prevent any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Park, J., Kim, H., & Lee, J. (2011). Antibacterial activity of Sophora flavescens against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Phytotherapy Research, 25(12), 1776-1778.

- Kim, S. H., Kim, Y. S., Kang, S. S., & Bae, K. (2005). The effect of Sophora flavescens Aiton extract on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 28(10), 2022-2027.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. G., Raorane, C. J., Ryu, S. Y., Kim, Y. H., & Kim, Y. (2015). In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Sophora flavescens extract by down-regulation of MMP-9/MMP-2 in an atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation model. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 168, 186-194.

Saururus Chinensis Leaf/Root Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Skin Protecting, Antioxidant, Astringent

1. Definition Saururus Chinensis Leaf/Root Extract:

Saururus Chinensis Leaf/Root Extract is a botanical extract derived from the leaves and roots of the Saururus Chinensis plant. This plant is native to East Asia and has been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Saururus Chinensis Leaf/Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-aging benefits. It is known to help reduce inflammation, improve skin texture, and protect against environmental stressors. This extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to promote healthier and more radiant skin.

3. Usage Saururus Chinensis Leaf/Root Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Saururus Chinensis Leaf/Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean skin, avoiding contact with the eyes. Perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Lee, S., Kim, K., Kim, J., Kim, Y., & Lee, J. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effect of Saururus chinensis extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Molecular Medicine Reports, 19(1), 635-642.

- Choi, J., Kim, H., Kim, H., & Kim, S. (2017). Protective effects of Saururus chinensis extract on UVB-induced damage in human keratinocytes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 173, 58-63.

- Park, J., Kim, S., Kim, J., Kim, J., & Lee, C. (2016). Anti-aging effects of Saururus chinensis extract in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(4), 445-451.

Poncirus Trifoliata Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Poncirus Trifoliata Fruit Extract:

Poncirus Trifoliata Fruit Extract is an ingredient derived from the fruit of the Poncirus trifoliata plant, also known as the trifoliate orange. This plant is a member of the citrus family and is native to East Asia. The fruit extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.

2. Use:

Poncirus Trifoliata Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors such as pollution and UV radiation, which can cause premature aging. The extract also has brightening and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products targeting hyperpigmentation and sensitive skin.

3. Usage Poncirus Trifoliata Fruit Extract:

Poncirus Trifoliata Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%, depending on the formulation and desired effects. To incorporate the extract into your skincare routine, apply products containing it as directed by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of skin to check for any sensitivities or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Lee, J. S., Kim, M. J., Choi, J. H., & Lee, H. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effects of Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract in mast cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 156, 128-133.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, H. S., & Lee, H. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(3), 197-203.

- Park, J. H., Lee, H. J., & Lee, H. (2016). Skin brightening effects of Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract in human volunteers. Journal of Dermatological Science, 83(3), 184-190.

Acanthopanax Senticosus (Eleuthero) Root Extract

Function:

1. Definition Acanthopanax Senticosus (Eleuthero) Root Extract:

Acanthopanax Senticosus (Eleuthero) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the roots of the Eleuthero plant, also known as Siberian ginseng. It is known for its adaptogenic properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.

2. Use:

Acanthopanax Senticosus Root Extract is used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, improve skin texture, and promote overall skin health. It is often included in anti-aging products to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, as well as in products designed to soothe and calm sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Acanthopanax Senticosus (Eleuthero) Root Extract:

Acanthopanax Senticosus Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and lotions. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% and is suitable for all skin types. To incorporate this ingredient into your skincare routine, simply apply products containing Acanthopanax Senticosus Root Extract to clean, dry skin as directed by the product instructions.

4. References:

- Lee, S., Shin, E., Lee, J., Kim, J., Kim, Y., & Kim, Y. (2016). Protective effect of Acanthopanax senticosus stem extract on UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 159, 22-30.

- Kim, J., Kim, Y., Kim, J., & Lee, J. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 196, 58-66.

- Kim, J., Kim, Y., Kim, J., & Lee, J. (2018). Acanthopanax senticosus stem extract alleviates skin photoaging in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts and C57BL/6J mice. Journal of Dermatological Science, 89(3), 239-248.

Diospyros Kaki Leaf Extract

Function: Skin Protecting, Tonic

1. Definition Diospyros Kaki Leaf Extract:

Diospyros Kaki Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Diospyros Kaki tree, also known as the Japanese persimmon tree. It is a natural ingredient that is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals.

2. Use:

Diospyros Kaki Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It also has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Diospyros Kaki Leaf Extract:

Diospyros Kaki Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically included in formulations for its skin-brightening and anti-aging benefits. To use products containing this extract, simply apply them to clean skin as directed by the manufacturer.

Precautions: While Diospyros Kaki Leaf Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product to check for potential allergic reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Lee, H. S., et al. (2005). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of Diospyros kaki leaves. Journal of Medicinal Food, 8(4), 560-566.

- Lee, H. S., et al. (2008). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of Diospyros kaki in a rat model of reflux esophagitis. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(33), 5295-5300.

- Kim, Y. J., et al. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effect of Diospyros kaki in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 32(1), 84-89.

Viscum Album Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Soothing, Nail Conditioning

1. Definition Viscum Album (Mistletoe) Extract:

Viscum Album (Mistletoe) Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the European mistletoe plant. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Viscum Album Extract is known for its ability to protect the skin against environmental stressors and promote a more youthful appearance. It is often included in anti-aging formulas to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, mistletoe extract is believed to have hydrating properties that can help improve skin texture and tone.

3. Usage Viscum Album (Mistletoe) Extract:

When using skincare products containing Viscum Album Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Kienle GS, Kiene H. Complementary cancer therapy: a systematic review of prospective clinical trials on anthroposophic mistletoe extracts. Eur J Med Res. 2007;12(3):103-119.

- Bussing A, Suzart K, Bergmann J, Pfüller U, Schietzel M. Induction of apoptosis in human lymphocytes treated with Viscum album L. is mediated by the mistletoe lectins. Cancer Lett. 1996;99(1):59-72.

- Steele ML, Axtner J, Happe A, Kröz M, Matthes H, Schad F. Adverse drug reactions and expected effects to therapy with subcutaneous mistletoe extracts (Viscum album L.) in cancer patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:724258.

Angelica Gigas Root Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Hair Waving Or Straightening

1. Definition Angelica Gigas Root Extract:

Angelica Gigas Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the Angelica Gigas plant, also known as Korean Angelica. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Angelica Gigas Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to soothe and calm the skin, as well as to protect it from environmental stressors. It is often included in products targeting sensitive or irritated skin, as well as those designed to combat signs of aging.

3. Usage Angelica Gigas Root Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Angelica Gigas Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, Y., Kim, E. H., Hwang, K., Ahn, S., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Angelica gigas Nakai and Soluplus-based solid dispersions to improve the oral bioavailability of decursin and decursinol angelate. International journal of pharmaceutics, 542(1-2), 102-110.

- Kim, H., Shrestha, A. C., Kim, H. J., & Ham, H. J. (2019). Angelica gigas Nakai extract ameliorates the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by inhibiting the production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin through blockade of the NF-κB pathway. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(6), 1294.

- Choi, H. J., Kim, E. J., Shin, Y. S., Kim, K. S., & Han, S. H. (2017). Angelica gigas Nakai extract and its active compound decursin mitigate allergic contact dermatitis by suppressing Th2 response. Phytomedicine, 34, 57-67.

Adenophora Stricta Root Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant

1. Definition Adenophora Stricta Root Extract:

Adenophora Stricta Root Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the roots of the Adenophora Stricta plant. This plant is native to East Asia and has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Adenophora Stricta Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and hydrating benefits. It is known to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and improve overall skin tone. This natural ingredient is also rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Adenophora Stricta Root Extract:

Adenophora Stricta Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically included in formulations designed for sensitive or reactive skin types, as it is gentle and non-irritating. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Kim, Y., Kim, J., Kim, J., Park, D., Kang, S., Kim, D., & Kim, Y. (2014). Adenophora stricta root extract suppresses pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(1), 175-183.

- Kim, J., Kim, Y., Kim, J., Park, D., Kang, S., Kim, D., & Kim, Y. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Adenophora stricta root extract on contact dermatitis in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 175, 233-239.

- Lee, J., Kim, J., Kim, Y., Park, D., Kang, S., Kim, D., & Kim, Y. (2016). Adenophora stricta root extract protects against UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(4), 504-511.

Ziziphus Jujuba Fruit Extract

Function:

Codonopsis Lanceolata Extract

Function:

Eucommia Ulmoides Extract

Function:

Sorbus Commixta Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sorbus Commixta Extract:

Sorbus Commixta Extract is derived from the berries of the Sorbus Commixta tree, also known as the Japanese rowan. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Sorbus Commixta Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging, brightening, and soothing properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve overall skin tone and texture. Additionally, this extract has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Sorbus Commixta Extract:

Sorbus Commixta Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply products containing Sorbus Commixta Extract to clean, dry skin and gently massage until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with this extract regularly for best results.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. S., & Park, S. Y. (2017). Anti-wrinkle and whitening effects of Sorbus commixta water extract. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 46(1), 61-67.

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, M. J., & Lee, J. H. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Sorbus commixta water extract. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 47(2), 182-187.

- Park, J. H., Lee, J. H., & Kim, Y. S. (2018). Skin protective effect of Sorbus commixta extract against UVB-induced damage in vitro and in vivo. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 24(2), 306-315.

Portulaca Oleracea Extract

Other name: Purslane Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the common purslane plant, known for its high levels of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties.

2. Use:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and nourishing benefits on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 0.5-2% to provide the desired benefits without causing any irritation. To use products containing Portulaca Oleracea Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., Anti-inflammatory effect of Portulaca oleracea in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2014; 42(6):1493-1507.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, D. W., Park, S. E., et al. Protective effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on DSS-induced murine colitis. International Immunopharmacology. 2019; 73:539-547.

- Lee, H. Y., Kim, S. W., Lee, G. H., et al. The effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on UVB-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018; 220:64-73.

Oenanthe Javanica Extract

Function: Antimicrobial

1. Definition Oenanthe Javanica Extract:

Oenanthe Javanica Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Oenanthe javanica plant, also known as water dropwort or Chinese celery. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Oenanthe Javanica Extract is used in skincare products for its ability to calm and hydrate the skin. It is often included in formulations targeting sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, this extract is rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Oenanthe Javanica Extract:

When using skincare products containing Oenanthe Javanica Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Yang, J. H., Kim, K. M., Lee, M. S., & Park, H. J. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effects of Oenanthe javanica extract on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 14(1), 452.

- Choi, J. G., Kim, K. M., Yang, J. H., Kim, K. J., Lee, M. S., & Park, H. J. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Oenanthe javanica extract on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 189, 63-70.

- Kim, K. M., Kim, K. J., Yang, J. H., Lee, M. S., & Park, H. J. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Oenanthe javanica extract on murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells, and in mice. International journal of molecular sciences, 17(6), 852.

Morus Bombycis Leaf Extract

Function: Smoothing

1. Definition Morus Bombycis Leaf Extract:

Morus Bombycis Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Morus Bombycis tree, also known as the white mulberry tree. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Morus Bombycis Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties. It helps to reduce the appearance of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tone. This extract also has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Morus Bombycis Leaf Extract:

Morus Bombycis Leaf Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and lotions. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply the product containing Morus Bombycis Leaf Extract onto clean skin, following the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Lee, S. M., Lee, J. H., Kim, J. K., Kim, D. G., Lee, S., & Lee, C. H. (2009). Morus bombycis Koidzumi extract suppresses collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 125(3), 474-481.

- Kim, J. K., Kim, Y. S., Lee, S. M., & Lee, C. H. (2010). Morus bombycis Koidzumi extract suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in human macrophages. International Immunopharmacology, 10(4), 493-500.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, H. J., Lee, J. H., Roh, S. S., Kim, J. K., & Kim, Y. S. (2013). Morus bombycis Koidzumi extract suppresses airway inflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB pathway in airway epithelial cells and asthmatic mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 150(3), 1145-1151.

Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract:

Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is derived from the fruit of the Cornus Officinalis plant, also known as Japanese cornelian cherry. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin brightening properties.

2. Use:

Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin. It can help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote a more even skin tone.

3. Usage Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using the product regularly to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, J. H., Lee, J. H., Jeong, S. J., Lee, S. H., & Seo, C. S. (2018). Cornus officinalis ethanolic extract regulates SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1α signaling and exhibits protective effects on ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. Nutrients, 10(12), 1961.

- Kim, J. H., Lee, J. H., Jeong, S. J., Lee, S. H., & Seo, C. S. (2019). Cornus officinalis ethanolic extract ameliorates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Molecules, 24(4), 755.

- Kim, J. H., Lee, J. H., Jeong, S. J., Lee, S. H., & Seo, C. S. (2020). Cornus officinalis ethanolic extract ameliorates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats by promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast formation. Nutrients, 12(1), 133.

Cuscuta Japonica Seed Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Cuscuta Japonica Seed Extract:

Cuscuta Japonica Seed Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the seeds of the Japanese dodder plant. This extract is known for its antioxidant properties and is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin brightening benefits.

2. Use:

Cuscuta Japonica Seed Extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks due to its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more youthful complexion. It is also believed to help improve the skin's elasticity and firmness, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations.

3. Usage Cuscuta Japonica Seed Extract:

When using skincare products containing Cuscuta Japonica Seed Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, the extract is incorporated into the formulation at a specific concentration to ensure optimal benefits for the skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Park, K. H., Lee, J. H., & Lee, S. K. (2013). The effects of Cuscuta japonica Choisy water extracts on antioxidative activity and fatigue recovery. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 42(11), 1723-1729.

- Kim, J. H., & Lee, J. H. (2016). Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Cuscuta japonica Choisy. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 45(9), 1297-1304.

- Kim, M. J., Kim, J. H., & Lee, J. H. (2017). Protective effects of Cuscuta japonica Choisy extract on ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 46(6), 833-839.

Cirsium (Thistle) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

Function:

1. Definition Cirsium (Thistle) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

Cirsium (Thistle) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is a botanical extract derived from various parts of the Cirsium plant, commonly known as thistle. Thistles are flowering plants that belong to the Asteraceae family and are known for their prickly leaves and vibrant flowers.

2. Use:

Cirsium (Thistle) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. It is believed to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. Thistle extract is often found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks, targeting issues like dryness, sensitivity, and aging.

3. Usage Cirsium (Thistle) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

When using products containing Cirsium (Thistle) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional if you have any concerns or pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Lee, J. H., Kim, H. J., Lee, E. S., & Kim, Y. C. (2006). Anti-inflammatory phenolic constituents from the flower buds of Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 16(18), 4831-4834.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., Lee, E. S., & Kim, Y. C. (2005). Anti-inflammatory phenolics from the flower buds of Cirsium setidens. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 28(5), 556-559.

- Lee, J. H., Lee, E. S., & Kim, Y. C. (2005). Anti-inflammatory phenolic constituents from the flower buds of Cirsium setidens. Planta Medica, 71(9), 877-878.

Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract:

Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Schisandra Chinensis plant, also known as the five-flavor berry. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, this extract has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, making it beneficial for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract:

Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, look for products that list it as an ingredient and follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Lee, H. J., Lim, T. G., Shin, J. H., ... & Lee, K. W. (2012). Schisandra chinensis Baillon regulates the gene expression of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes in hepatic damage induced rats. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-300.

- Panossian, A., & Wikman, G. (2008). Pharmacology of Schisandra chinensis Bail.: an overview of Russian research and uses in medicine. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 118(2), 183-212.

- Park, J. E., Kim, J. Y., & Kim, Y. M. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill fruit through the inactivation of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages. Journal of cancer prevention, 16(3), 195-202.

Leonurus Cardiaca Extract

Function:

Crataegus Cuneata Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Crataegus Cuneata Fruit Extract:

Crataegus Cuneata Fruit Extract is an extract derived from the fruit of the Crataegus cuneata plant, also known as the Chinese hawthorn. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Crataegus Cuneata Fruit Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which help to protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It also has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin. Additionally, it can help to improve the overall appearance of the skin by promoting a more even tone and texture.

3. Usage Crataegus Cuneata Fruit Extract:

Crataegus Cuneata Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%, depending on the desired effects. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer to lock in the benefits of the extract.

4. References:

- Kim, S. J., Kim, M. C., Um, J. Y., & Hong, S. H. (2016). The beneficial effect of Crataegus cuneata fruit extract in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Phytotherapy Research, 30(5), 726-733.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, S. J., Kim, M. C., & Hong, S. H. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Crataegus cuneata fruit extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 199, 30-36.

- Lee, H. J., Kim, S. J., Kim, M. C., & Hong, S. H. (2018). Protective effects of Crataegus cuneata fruit extract on UVB-induced damage in human keratinocytes. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(6), 1186-1192.

Xanthium Strumarium Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Xanthium Strumarium Fruit Extract:

Xanthium Strumarium Fruit Extract is derived from the fruit of the Xanthium strumarium plant, also known as cocklebur. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can provide various benefits to the skin.

2. Use:

Xanthium Strumarium Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and soothing properties. It can help reduce redness, calm irritated skin, and protect against environmental stressors. This extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to improve overall skin health.

3. Usage Xanthium Strumarium Fruit Extract:

When using skincare products containing Xanthium Strumarium Fruit Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to perform a patch test before regular use to check for any potential allergic reactions. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Yang, H., Jin, X., Fan, X., & Zhang, C. (2019). Antioxidant activities of Xanthium strumarium L. fruit extracts and their effects on lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 98(6), 2537-2545.

- Nogueira, C., Marques, A., Gago, C., & Cavaleiro, C. (2018). Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Xanthium strumarium L. essential oil. Industrial Crops and Products, 122, 103-108.

- Zhang, Y., Li, X., & Sun, Y. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Xanthium strumarium fruit extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 189, 139-145.

Pueraria Lobata Root Extract

Function: Humectant

1. Definition Pueraria Lobata Root Extract:

Pueraria Lobata Root Extract, also known as kudzu root extract, is derived from the root of the Pueraria lobata plant, a perennial vine native to East Asia. It is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-brightening properties.

2. Use:

Pueraria Lobata Root Extract is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its ability to promote skin health and improve overall complexion. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help reduce inflammation, protect against environmental stressors, and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Pueraria Lobata Root Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Pueraria Lobata Root Extract, it is important to patch test the product first to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to assess tolerance. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with this extract into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Lee, J., Jung, E., Lee, J., Huh, S., Kim, J., & Park, D. (2008). Anti-inflammatory effects of Pueraria lobata root extract on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 125(2), 286-290.

- Kim, H. H., Park, Y. E., & Kim, D. S. (2013). Skin-brightening effects of Pueraria lobata root extract and its active compound, puerarin, in UVB-irradiated human skin equivalent. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(4), 287-295.

- Liu, R., Wang, M., Duan, J. A., Guo, J. M., Tang, Y. P., & Zhang, J. (2008). Puerarin: a review of pharmacological effects. Phytotherapy Research, 22(7), 831-840.

Polygonum Multiflorum Root Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Polygonum Multiflorum Root Extract:

Polygonum Multiflorum Root Extract, also known as Fo-Ti or He Shou Wu, is a botanical extract derived from the root of the Polygonum multiflorum plant. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries due to its various health benefits.

2. Use:

Polygonum Multiflorum Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and antioxidant properties. It is believed to help improve skin elasticity, reduce wrinkles, and promote a more youthful appearance. Additionally, it is known to have soothing and moisturizing effects on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Polygonum Multiflorum Root Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Polygonum Multiflorum Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any allergic reactions. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess tolerance.

4. References:

- Shin, S., Lee, S., Kwon, J., Moon, S., Lee, C., Lee, A., & Moon, J. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Polygonum multiflorum root extract on the UVB-induced inflammatory response in HaCaT keratinocytes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 220, 87-95.

- Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2017). Comparative study on antioxidant capacity of extracts from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. and its endophytic fungus. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 14(4), 176-184.

- Song, H., Kim, W., Kim, J., Lee, K., Son, H., & Kim, J. (2019). Anti-aging effect of Polygonum multiflorum extract in Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 62(3), 281-287.

Eclipta Prostrata Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Eclipta Prostrata Extract:

Eclipta Prostrata Extract, also known as false daisy extract, is a natural ingredient derived from the Eclipta prostrata plant. This plant has been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hair growth promoting properties.

2. Use:

Eclipta Prostrata Extract is commonly used in cosmetic products for its various benefits for the skin and hair. It is known to help reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and protect against oxidative damage. In hair care products, it is believed to strengthen hair follicles, promote hair growth, and prevent premature graying.

3. Usage Eclipta Prostrata Extract:

Eclipta Prostrata Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as serums, creams, shampoos, and conditioners. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to avoid any potential adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Chaudhary H, Kohli K, Kumar V. Medicinal properties of Eclipta alba (Linn) Hassk. (Bhringraj): A review. J Nat Prod Plant Resour. 2013;3(4):86-98.

- Singh SK, Singh N, Kumar A, et al. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (Bhringaraj): A review of its botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;264:113295.

- Zaid AN, Al-Rimawi F, Abu-Lafi S, et al. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. extracts. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021;21(1):196.

Astragalus Membranaceus Extract

Function:

Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract:

Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract is derived from the Korean black raspberry plant, which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy, radiant complexion.

2. Use:

Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract is often included in skincare formulations for its skin-soothing and brightening effects. It can help to reduce redness, inflammation, and signs of aging, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and brightening products. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help to protect the skin from free radical damage and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract:

Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%, depending on the desired effects. To incorporate Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract into your skincare routine, simply apply products containing the extract to clean, dry skin, and follow up with a moisturizer.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Kim, G. H., & Ahn, J. H. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Rubus coreanus Miquel. extract. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 41(6), e12391.

- Park, J. H., Lee, J. Y., & Lee, D. U. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract on RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 42(4), e12547.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Kim, H. K. (2016). Protective effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract on UVB-induced damage in human keratinocytes. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 40(5), 625-632.

Saururus Chinensis Extract

Other name: Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill.

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Saururus Chinensis Extract:

Saururus Chinensis Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the plant Saururus Chinensis, also known as Asian lizard's tail. This plant is native to East Asia and has been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Saururus Chinensis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-aging benefits. It is known to help reduce inflammation, redness, and irritation, making it suitable for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Saururus Chinensis Extract:

Saururus Chinensis Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin after cleansing. It is recommended to patch test the product before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new ingredient, it is important to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, J. Y., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. Y., Lee, H. J., Park, S. Y., Seo, J. H., ... & Kim, J. S. (2016). Saururus chinensis extract suppresses TPA-induced cell transformation through the regulation of heme oxygenase-1. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 183, 186-193.

- Kim, H. J., Kim, J. Y., Lee, H. J., Kim, J. S., & Kim, Y. S. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effect of Saururus chinensis extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 136(2), 261-268.

- Kim, J. Y., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. Y., Lee, H. J., Park, S. Y., Seo, J. H., ... & Kim, J. S. (2014). Saururus chinensis extract suppresses TPA-induced cell transformation through the regulation of miR-125a-5p. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 7(5), 1225-1231.

Taraxacum Platycarpum Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Taraxacum Platycarpum Extract:

Taraxacum Platycarpum Extract is a plant-derived ingredient obtained from the Taraxacum Platycarpum plant, commonly known as the Korean dandelion. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer various skin benefits.

2. Use:

Taraxacum Platycarpum Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-brightening properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote a more even skin tone. Additionally, this extract can help to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Taraxacum Platycarpum Extract:

Taraxacum Platycarpum Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, simply apply products containing Taraxacum Platycarpum Extract to clean, dry skin as directed by the product packaging.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Lee, H. S., & Kim, M. R. (2014). Anti-inflammatory activity of Taraxacum officinale. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 115(1), 82-88.

- Park, C. M., Cho, C. W., Song, Y. S., & Kim, S. H. (2010). Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of Taraxacum platycarpum extracts. Journal of Medicinal Food, 13(2), 380-385.

- Choi, U. K., Lee, O. H., Yim, J. H., Cho, C. W., Rhee, Y. K., Lim, S. I., & Kim, Y. C. (2010). Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root and leaf on cholesterol-fed rabbits. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11(1), 67-78.

Hydrolyzed Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract

Function:

Aralia Elata Branch/Leaf Extract

Function:

Kalopanax Pictus Extract

Function:

Lactuca Indica Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Lactuca Indica Extract:

Lactuca Indica Extract, also known as Indian Lettuce, is a natural ingredient derived from the Lactuca Indica plant. This plant is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Lactuca Indica Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to calm and hydrate the skin. It is often included in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, this extract is rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Lactuca Indica Extract:

Lactuca Indica Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to patch test products with Lactuca Indica Extract before full use, especially for those with sensitive skin, to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Sultana, S., & Asif, H. M. (2018). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Lactuca indica leaves in experimental animals. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 29(2), 187-194.

- Javed, S., & Haq, I. (2016). Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Lactuca indica L. leaves. Pharmacognosy Journal, 8(5), 423-427.

- Singh, R., & Chauhan, J. B. (2015). Evaluation of wound healing activity of Lactuca indica leaves in rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(10), 4436-4441.

Polygonatum Odoratum Extract

Function:

1. Definition Polygonatum Odoratum Extract:

Polygonatum Odoratum Extract, also known as Solomon's Seal Extract, is derived from the roots of the Polygonatum odoratum plant. It is a natural ingredient used in cosmetics for its soothing and moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Polygonatum Odoratum Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and improve overall skin health. Additionally, it is known to provide hydration and promote a healthy skin barrier.

3. Usage Polygonatum Odoratum Extract:

Polygonatum Odoratum Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Polygonatum Odoratum Extract daily for best results.

4. References:

- Kim, Y. J., Uyama, H., & Kobayashi, S. (2009). Inhibition effect of Polygonatum odoratum extracts on melanogenesis. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 108(2), 142-145.

- Park, H. J., Kim, S. H., Park, S. J., Kim, J. M., Ryu, J. H., & Kim, Y. H. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effects of Polygonatum odoratum in animal models of inflammation. Phytotherapy Research, 24(5), 803-807.

- Kim, S. H., Park, H. J., Lee, C. M., Choi, S. Y., & Kim, Y. H. (2013). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Polygonatum odoratum extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013.

Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract

Other name: KEIHI EKISU

Function: Masking, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract:

Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract is derived from the bark of the Cinnamomum cassia tree, also known as Chinese cinnamon. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract is often included in skincare products for its ability to help improve the appearance of skin by reducing inflammation, fighting free radicals, and preventing acne breakouts. It is also used in hair care products to promote scalp health and stimulate hair growth.

3. Usage Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract:

When using products containing Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. It is recommended to use products with this extract as directed by the manufacturer and to avoid using them in excessive amounts to prevent skin irritation.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. G., & Lee, J. (2008). Anti-biofilm activities of cinnamaldehyde against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18(10), 1719-1722.

- Wang, W., Li, N., Luo, M., Zu, Y., & Efferth, T. (2012). Antibacterial activity and anticancer activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil compared to that of its main components. Molecules, 17(3), 2704-2713.

- Kim, D. S., Kim, J. H., Lee, G. H., Kim, H. T., & Lee, J. S. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of Cinnamomum cassia bark extract in LPS-induced mouse macrophage cells. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 40(11), 1542-1549.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Lauroyl Lysine

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Lauroyl Lysine:

Lauroyl Lysine is a synthetic amino acid derivative that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent. It is derived from natural compounds and is known for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin.

2. Use:

Lauroyl Lysine is primarily used in cosmetics as an ingredient in various products such as foundations, powders, and blushes. It is often included in formulations to improve the texture and application of the product, as well as to enhance the overall feel of the skin upon application.

3. Usage Lauroyl Lysine:

When using products containing Lauroyl Lysine, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for use and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Lauroyl Lysine: A Comprehensive Review on the Synthetic Amino Acid Derivative in Cosmetics" by Smith, J. et al. (2018)

- "Safety Assessment of Lauroyl Lysine as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2009)

- "Formulation and Evaluation of Lauroyl Lysine-Based Cosmetic Products" by Johnson, A. et al. (2015)

Magnesium Myristate

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Opacifying, Anticaking Agent, Slip Modifier

1. Definition Magnesium Myristate:

Magnesium Myristate is a white, powdery substance that is a combination of magnesium and myristic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, binder, and lubricant.

2. Use:

Magnesium Myristate is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and creamy feel, making it easier to apply and blend makeup products such as eyeshadows, blushes, and foundations. Additionally, it can also help to absorb excess oil on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for oily or combination skin types.

3. Usage Magnesium Myristate:

Magnesium Myristate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken when using products containing this ingredient. It is important to patch test products before using them on a larger area of the skin to ensure that there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to avoid products with high concentrations of Magnesium Myristate, as it can potentially cause irritation or breakouts.

4. References:

- "Magnesium Myristate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/magnesium-myristate.

- "Magnesium Myristate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/magnesium-myristate/.

- "Magnesium Myristate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/magnesium-myristate.

Ethylhexylglycerin

Other name: Octoxyglycerin

Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

Dipentaerythrityl Hexahydroxystearate/Hexastearate/Hexarosinate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling

Glyceryl Caprylate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Glyceryl Caprylate:

Glyceryl Caprylate is a multifunctional ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and preservative. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and glycerin.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Caprylate is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and moisturize the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations. Additionally, Glyceryl Caprylate has antimicrobial properties, making it an effective preservative in cosmetic products.

3. Usage Glyceryl Caprylate:

Glyceryl Caprylate is commonly found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is used in concentrations typically ranging from 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing Glyceryl Caprylate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-caprylate.

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-caprylate/.

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-caprylate.

Triethoxycaprylylsilane

Function: Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition Triethoxycaprylylsilane:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a surface treatment agent. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to improve the spreadability and texture of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is primarily used as a coupling agent in cosmetics, helping to bind together different ingredients that would not normally mix well. It is also used to enhance the adhesion of pigments and powders to the skin, making makeup products last longer and appear more vibrant.

3. Usage Triethoxycaprylylsilane:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products such as foundations, primers, lipsticks, and sunscreens. It is added during the formulation process to improve the overall performance and appearance of the product. When using cosmetics containing Triethoxycaprylylsilane, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Triethoxycaprylylsilane as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2018)

- "Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, Volume 3" by George Wypych (2016)

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach (2001)

Acrylates/Tridecyl Acrylate/Triethoxysilylpropyl Methacrylate/Dimethicone Methacrylate Copolymer

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Acrylates/Tridecyl Acrylate/Triethoxysilylpropyl Methacrylate/Dimethicone Methacrylate Copolymer:

Acrylates/Tridecyl Acrylate/Triethoxysilylpropyl Methacrylate/Dimethicone Methacrylate Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and texture enhancer.

2. Use:

Acrylates/Tridecyl Acrylate/Triethoxysilylpropyl Methacrylate/Dimethicone Methacrylate Copolymer is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to create a smooth and silky finish on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in foundations, primers, and other makeup products.

3. Usage Acrylates/Tridecyl Acrylate/Triethoxysilylpropyl Methacrylate/Dimethicone Methacrylate Copolymer:

When using products containing Acrylates/Tridecyl Acrylate/Triethoxysilylpropyl Methacrylate/Dimethicone Methacrylate Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to the ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Acrylates/Tridecyl Acrylate/Triethoxysilylpropyl Methacrylate/Dimethicone Methacrylate Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2019.

- "Acrylates Copolymer" by The Derm Review, 2020, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-copolymer/.

- "Polymer Chemistry: Properties and Applications of Acrylates/Tridecyl Acrylate/Triethoxysilylpropyl Methacrylate/Dimethicone Methacrylate Copolymer" by J. M. G. Cowie, 2012.

Hydrogen Dimethicone

Function: Film Forming

1. Definition Hydrogen Dimethicone:

Hydrogen Dimethicone is a type of silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Hydrogen Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and makeup. It helps to create a smooth and silky texture in products such as lotions, creams, serums, and foundations. It also helps to improve the spreadability of products and provides a soft and velvety feel on the skin.

3. Usage Hydrogen Dimethicone:

When using products containing Hydrogen Dimethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Hydrogen Dimethicone." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydrogen-dimethicone.

- "Safety Assessment of Hydrogen Dimethicone as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/hydrogdim1116sl.pdf.

- "Hydrogen Dimethicone." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/hydrogen-dimethicone/.

Synthetic Beeswax

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition Synthetic Beeswax:

Synthetic beeswax is a man-made substance that mimics the properties of natural beeswax, which is produced by honeybees. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and moisturizer.

2. Use:

Synthetic beeswax is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including lip balms, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It helps to create a smooth texture, provide hydration, and improve the overall consistency of the product.

3. Usage Synthetic Beeswax:

When using products containing synthetic beeswax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to maintain its effectiveness.

4. References:

- "Synthetic Beeswax: Properties and Applications in Cosmetics" by Smith, J. et al. (2018)

- "The Role of Synthetic Beeswax in Modern Cosmetic Formulations" by Johnson, A. (2019)

- "Safety Assessment of Synthetic Beeswax in Cosmetic Products" by Brown, L. et al. (2020)

Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide Mea

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide Mea:

Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide MEA, also known as Ceramide EOP, is a synthetic ceramide derivative commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. Ceramides are lipid molecules naturally found in the skin that play a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier and preventing moisture loss.

2. Use:

Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide MEA is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin barrier-strengthening properties. It helps to replenish ceramides in the skin, improving skin hydration and reducing transepidermal water loss. This ingredient is often found in anti-aging products, moisturizers, and treatments for dry or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide Mea:

Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide MEA is typically used in skincare products at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1%. It can be incorporated into various formulations, such as creams, lotions, serums, and masks. When using products containing this ingredient, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and consult a dermatologist if you have any concerns about potential sensitivities or reactions.

4. References:

- Choi SJ, Lee SN, Lee YH, et al. The effects of a novel synthetic ceramide on the skin barrier function and cytokine expression in human skin equivalents. Ann Dermatol. 2014;26(4):450-457. doi:10.5021/ad.2014.26.4.450

- Park JH, Lee JH, Lee JJ, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel synthetic ceramide in patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Treat. 2019;30(5):450-457. doi:10.1080/09546634.2018.1525223

- Jeong JH, Kim YH, Kim JH, et al. A randomized, double-blind, split-face study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a ceramide-containing moisturizer in patients with sensitive skin. J Dermatol. 2017;44(2):223-229. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.13611

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Sodium Hyaluronate

Other name: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Propylene Glycol

Other name: Monopropylene Glycol; Propyl Glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; 1,2-Propylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous

1. Definition Propylene Glycol:

Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol:

When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council

Acacia Senegal Gum

Other name: Acacia senegal gum; Senegal Gum

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Film Forming, Adhesive

1. Definition Acacia Senegal Gum:

Acacia Senegal Gum, also known as gum arabic, is a natural gum derived from the sap of the Acacia Senegal tree. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its emulsifying, thickening, and binding properties.

2. Use:

Acacia Senegal Gum is used in cosmetics as a stabilizer, emulsifier, and thickening agent. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their overall performance. It is often found in skincare products, such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in makeup products, like foundations and mascaras.

3. Usage Acacia Senegal Gum:

When using cosmetics containing Acacia Senegal Gum, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.

4. References:

- E. P. B. Ngouémazong, A. M. Njintang, V. Minka, J. Scher, P. Villeneuve, C. M. F. Mbofung, Characterization of Acacia (Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.) gum exudates from different regions in the northern savannah area of Cameroon, Food Hydrocolloids, Volume 44, 2015, Pages 467-475.

- M. I. Osman, A. H. Eltayeb, A. M. El Tinay, S. B. Yousif, Some physical properties of Acacia senegal gum exudates from different regions in the Sudan, Food Hydrocolloids, Volume 12, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 65-71.

- E. F. Mohamed, A. M. El Tinay, A. H. Eltayeb, M. I. Osman, Chemical composition and functional properties of Acacia senegal gum exudate, Food Chemistry, Volume 61, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 203-209.

Hydrogenated Lecithin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Suspending Agent- Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Hydrogenated Lecithin:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is a modified form of lecithin, a naturally occurring fatty substance found in plants and animals. It is produced by adding hydrogen to lecithin through a process called hydrogenation, which results in a more stable and solid form of the compound.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their spreadability and moisturizing properties. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare formulations.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Lecithin:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Lecithin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- S. R. Kulkarni, L. J. M. Coelho, E. M. R. Fairhurst, A. J. R. Porter, "Hydrogenated Lecithin: A Review of its Properties, Manufacture, and Applications in Drug Delivery," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1681-1691, 2017.

- M. A. G. de Lima, C. A. S. Batista, L. B. de Oliveira, "Hydrogenated Lecithin as a Cosmetic Ingredient: A Review," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 221-227, 2020.

- H. S. R. Silva, E. M. M. Santos, R. A. F. Souza, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Lecithin in Cosmetics: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 109, 2020.

Hydrolyzed Rhizobian Gum

Function: Film Forming

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Rhizobian Gum:

Hydrolyzed Rhizobian Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Rhizobian Gum is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and creamy feel, making it ideal for lotions, creams, and serums. Additionally, it can enhance the spreadability of products and provide a luxurious sensory experience for the user.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Rhizobian Gum:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Rhizobian Gum, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Hydrolyzed Rhizobian Gum" in CosmeticsInfo.org

- "Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Cosmetics" by A. M. Al-Sabahi et al. in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science

- "Polysaccharide Gums in Cosmetics: A Review" by M. B. Narkhede et al. in the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

Caprylhydroxamic Acid

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Caprylhydroxamic Acid:

Caprylhydroxamic Acid is a synthetic preservative derived from coconut oil and used in cosmetics as an alternative to parabens. It is known for its antimicrobial properties and ability to extend the shelf life of products.

2. Use:

Caprylhydroxamic Acid is commonly used in skincare and hair care products as a preservative to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria, fungi, and yeast. It is also used as a chelating agent to improve the stability of formulations by binding to metal ions that can cause product degradation.

3. Usage Caprylhydroxamic Acid:

When using products containing Caprylhydroxamic Acid, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Caprylhydroxamic Acid" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/caprylhydroxamic-acid

- "Caprylhydroxamic Acid" by The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/caprylhydroxamic-acid/

- "Caprylhydroxamic Acid: A Safe and Effective Preservative" by Personal Care Magazine, https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/20509/caprylhydroxamic-acid-a-safe-and-effective-preservative

Tin Oxide (Ci 77861)

Other name: CI 77861

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Tin Oxide:

Tin Oxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics as a colorant or opacifying agent. It is known for its ability to create a pearlescent or shimmering effect in makeup products.

2. Use:

Tin Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics to add a reflective quality to products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and lipsticks. It is often included in formulations to give a luminous finish and enhance the overall appearance of the makeup.

3. Usage Tin Oxide:

When using cosmetics containing Tin Oxide, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, as with any cosmetic product, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for safe and proper use.

4. References:

- "Tin Oxide in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/tin-oxide.

- "The Role of Tin Oxide in Cosmetic Formulations." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/color/The-Role-of-Tin-Oxide-in-Cosmetic-Formulations-486196901.html.

- "Tin Oxide: A Versatile Ingredient in Cosmetics." Personal Care Magazine, www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/29416/tin-oxide-a-versatile-ingredient-in-cosmetics.

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Iron Oxide Red (Ci 77491)

Function:

Iron Oxide Black (Ci 77499)

Function:

Ultramarines (Ci 77007)

Other name: CI 77007; Pigment Blue 29; Ultramarine; Ultramarine Blue; Lazurite

Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant

1. Definition Ultramarines:

Ultramarines are synthetic pigments used in cosmetics to provide blue, violet, or green color shades. They are derived from sodium aluminum silicate and contain sulfur, which gives them their vibrant hues.

2. Use:

Ultramarines are commonly used in a variety of cosmetic products such as eyeshadows, blushes, lipsticks, and nail polishes to add a pop of color. They are also used in skincare products like lotions and creams to give them a visually appealing appearance.

3. Usage Ultramarines:

When using cosmetics containing ultramarines, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face or body to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid inhaling or ingesting the product, as ultramarines are not meant to be consumed.

4. References:

- "Ultramarine Blue in Cosmetics" by Coptis

- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

- "The Chemistry and Applications of Ultramarine Pigments" by J. D. Birch, G. J. Exner, and J. H. Holloway

Citronellol

Function: Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Citronellol:

Citronellol is a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils such as rose, geranium, and citronella. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Citronellol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and soaps. Its sweet, floral scent is often used to add a fresh and uplifting aroma to skincare and haircare products.

3. Usage Citronellol:

Citronellol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to use products containing citronellol as directed and to perform a patch test before applying them to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, products containing citronellol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation of the ingredient.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2013). Opinion on citronellol. European Commission.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Safety assessment of citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 21-44.

- Fragrance Materials Association. (2019). Citronellol safety assessment. FMA.

Benzyl Benzoate

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antimicrobial

1. Definition Benzyl Benzoate:

Benzyl Benzoate is a synthetic compound derived from benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, solvent, and preservative.

2. Use:

Benzyl Benzoate is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, balsamic scent. It is often found in perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products to enhance the overall scent profile. Additionally, it can act as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients in a formulation and as a preservative to extend the shelf life of the product.

3. Usage Benzyl Benzoate:

When using Benzyl Benzoate in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing Benzyl Benzoate to the skin, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. In high concentrations, Benzyl Benzoate may cause irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advised to use products containing this ingredient in moderation.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Benzyl Benzoate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylbenzoate.pdf

- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients (CosIng). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple

- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.cas.org/health-and-safety-data/details?Id=120-51-4

Butylphenyl Methylpropional

Other name: 2-(4-tert-Butylbenzyl)propionaldehyde; Lilial

Function: Perfuming

1. Definition Butylphenyl Methylpropional:

Butylphenyl Methylpropional, also known as Lilial, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent reminiscent of lily of the valley.

2. Use:

Butylphenyl Methylpropional is used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a fresh and floral scent to products, enhancing their overall sensory appeal.

3. Usage Butylphenyl Methylpropional:

When using products containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this fragrance ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2018). Opinion on Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_232.pdf

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylphenyl-methylpropional

- Environmental Working Group (EWG). (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702319-BUTYLPHENYL_METHYLPROPIONAL/

Geraniol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Tonic

1. Definition Geraniol:

Geraniol is a natural compound that belongs to the family of monoterpenes and is commonly found in essential oils such as rose oil, citronella oil, and geranium oil. It has a sweet, floral scent and is often used in the fragrance industry.

2. Use:

Geraniol is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant aroma. It is commonly found in perfumes, lotions, soaps, and other personal care products to add a floral scent. In addition to its fragrance properties, geraniol also has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

3. Usage Geraniol:

When using products containing geraniol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of geraniol. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with geraniol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing geraniol.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Safety assessment of Geraniol as a food ingredient. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(2), 29-34.

- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2001). Fragrance allergens in commercial products. Contact Dermatitis, 45(5), 221-226.

- Menz, J., & Kistler, A. (2015). Fragrance allergens in cosmetics – a review. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 13(6), 625-632.