Full ingredients list Paul Mitchell Tea Tree Special Color ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Aqua/Water/Eau (Solvent)
1 2	B	Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate (Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming)	Sulfate
1	A	Sodium Cocoamphoacetate (Hair Conditioning, Foam Boosting, Sufactant, Foaming)
2		Laureth 5 Carboxylic Acid (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing)
1 2	A	Ethoxydiglycol (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent)
3		Peg 18 Glyceryl Oleate/ Cocoate (Emulsifying)
1 3	B	Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil (Perfuming, Fragrance, Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
		Verbascum Densiflorum Flower/Stem Extract*
1		Helichrysum Italicum Extract (Skin Conditioning)
		Cota Tinctoria Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract*
1		Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Extract
1	A	Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil Unsaponifiables (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning)
1		Selaginella Lepidophylla Extract (Emollient)
1		Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate (Antimicrobial, Antidandruff Agent)
1		Hypnea Musciformis Extract (Skin Protecting)
1		Hydrolyzed Pea Protein (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Allantoin (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing)	Good for sensitive skin Good for oily skin
1	A	Lysine HCL (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)
1 3		Zinc Pca (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Proline (Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)
		Shikimic Acid (Skin Conditioning, Antidandruff Agent, Deodorant)
1	A	Sucrose (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Soothing, Flavoring Agent)
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Amodimethicone (Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)	Silicone
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1	A	Polyquaternium 10 (Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing)
1 3	A	Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate (Emulsifying, Sufactant)
1 2	A	Citric Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin
1	B	C11 15 Pareth 7 (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1 3	B	Laureth 9 (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1		Polyquaternium 80 (Emulsifying, Hair Conditioning, Cleansing)
1	B	Trideceth 12 (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Disodium Edta (Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
1	B	Trideceth 8 (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1	A	Potassium Gluconate (Skin Protecting, Chelating Agent)
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
1	B	Phenethyl Alcohol (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative)
2	A	Potassium Sorbate (Fragrance, Preservative)
1	A	Sodium Gluceptate (Skin Conditioning, Chelating Agent)
1 3	A	Sodium Benzoate (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive)
1 3	B	Salicylic Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Denaturant , Preservative, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Antidandruff Agent, Antiacne Agent, Keratolytic, Corn/Callus/Wart Remover)	Bad for sensitive skin Good for oily skin Acne fighting
8		Parfum (Fragrance) (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
4 6	A	Benzyl Alcohol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic )	Allergen

Aqua/Water/Eau

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate

Function: Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming

1. Definition Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate:

Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate is a surfactant derived from olefin, a type of hydrocarbon. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate is used in various cosmetic products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and hand soaps. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair, leaving them clean and refreshed.

3. Usage Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate:

When using products containing Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is typically used by applying the product to wet skin or hair, lathering it up, and then rinsing thoroughly with water. It is advisable to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and if contact occurs, rinse immediately with water. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before regular use.

4. References:

- "Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in CosmeticsInfo.org

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in the International Journal of Toxicology

- "Formulation and Evaluation of Shampoo Containing Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in the Journal of Cosmetic Science.

Sodium Cocoamphoacetate

Function: Hair Conditioning, Foam Boosting, Sufactant, Foaming

1. Definition Sodium Cocoamphoacetate:

Sodium Cocoamphoacetate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil and is often used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Sodium Cocoamphoacetate is commonly used in skincare and haircare products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils, making it suitable for sensitive skin.

3. Usage Sodium Cocoamphoacetate:

When using products containing Sodium Cocoamphoacetate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with known allergies to coconut oil or sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- M. A. Raza, M. Tabassum, and S. A. Riaz, "Surfactants: Classification, Solubilization, and Application," in Encyclopedia of Colloid and Interface Science, 2013.

- A. O. Santos, M. P. P. de Melo, and E. S. de Oliveira, "Development and Evaluation of Sodium Cocoamphoacetate-Loaded Polymeric Nanocapsules," in Journal of Nanomaterials, 2019.

- H. A. Al-Suwayeh, N. A. Al-Qahtani, and A. H. Yassin, "Formulation and evaluation of a topical hydrogel integrating an antifungal drug for the treatment of skin fungal infections," in Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 2016.

Laureth 5 Carboxylic Acid

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing

1. Definition Laureth 5 Carboxylic Acid:

Laureth 5 Carboxylic Acid is a surfactant and emulsifying agent that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a derivative of lauric acid and ethoxylated with 5 moles of ethylene oxide.

2. Use:

Laureth 5 Carboxylic Acid is primarily used as a cleansing agent in skincare products such as facial cleansers, body washes, and shampoos. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair, leaving them clean and refreshed.

3. Usage Laureth 5 Carboxylic Acid:

When using products containing Laureth 5 Carboxylic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "Safety and Health Topics: Ethylene Oxide." Occupational Safety and Health Administration, www.osha.gov/SLTC/ethyleneoxide/index.html.

- "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Laureth-5 Carboxylic Acid and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 26, no. 3, 2007, pp. 1-12.

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Laureth-5 Carboxylic Acid and Its Salts." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 25, no. 6, 2006, pp. 1-10.

Ethoxydiglycol

Other name: 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol; Carbitol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent

1. Definition Ethoxydiglycol:

Ethoxydiglycol is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used as a solvent in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a diethylene glycol ether with ethylene glycol monomethyl ether as its main component.

2. Use:

Ethoxydiglycol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients and to improve the texture and consistency of products. It is commonly found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, serums, and sunscreens.

3. Usage Ethoxydiglycol:

Ethoxydiglycol is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 10%. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing ethoxydiglycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Ethoxydiglycol." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethoxydiglycol.

- "Ethoxydiglycol." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/ethoxydiglycol/.

- "Ethoxydiglycol." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethoxydiglycol.

Peg 18 Glyceryl Oleate/ Cocoate

Function: Emulsifying

1. Definition Peg 18 Glyceryl Oleate/ Cocoate:

Peg 18 Glyceryl Oleate/ Cocoate is a polyethylene glycol derivative of glyceryl oleate and glyceryl cocoate. It is a non-ionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, emollient, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Peg 18 Glyceryl Oleate/ Cocoate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and facial cleansers. It helps to stabilize oil and water mixtures, allowing for a smooth and uniform application of the product. It also helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and moisturized.

3. Usage Peg 18 Glyceryl Oleate/ Cocoate:

When using products containing Peg 18 Glyceryl Oleate/ Cocoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure that they do not experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-18-glyceryl-oleate-cocoate.

- "PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-18-glyceryl-oleate.

- "PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate." SpecialChem, www.specialchem.com/inci/peg-18-glyceryl-oleate-cocoate.

Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil

Other name: cremophor rh-40

Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:

Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a polyethylene glycol derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.

2. Use:

Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is used in cosmetics to help blend together ingredients that are normally difficult to mix, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize formulations and improve the texture of products.

3. Usage Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:

Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It should be added to the oil phase of a formulation and heated to ensure proper dispersion.

Precautions: While Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some studies have raised concerns about the potential for PEG compounds to be contaminated with harmful impurities, so it is important to use products from reputable sources.

4. References:

- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.

- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.

- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/surfactants/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.

Verbascum Densiflorum Flower/Stem Extract*

Function:

Helichrysum Italicum Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Helichrysum Italicum (Everlasting) Extract:

Helichrysum Italicum (Everlasting) Extract is derived from the flowers of the Helichrysum Italicum plant, also known as Immortelle or Everlasting. This extract is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin regenerating properties.

2. Use:

Helichrysum Italicum Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin health and appearance. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions due to its anti-aging and skin rejuvenating benefits. The extract can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin tone and texture, and protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Helichrysum Italicum (Everlasting) Extract:

When using products containing Helichrysum Italicum Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to use the extract as directed. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional before incorporating it into your routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Koulivand PH, Ghadiri MK, Gorji A. Lavender and the nervous system. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:681304. doi:10.1155/2013/681304

- Reuter J, Merfort I, Schempp CM. Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2010;11(4):247-267. doi:10.2165/11317010-000000000-00000

- Garg A, Garg S, Zaneveld LJ, Singla AK. Chemistry and pharmacology of the Citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin. Phytother Res. 2001;15(8):655-669. doi:10.1002/ptr.1073

Cota Tinctoria Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract*

Function:

Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Extract

Function:

1. Definition Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Extract:

Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of the flax plant. It is known for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular choice in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Linseed Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and protect against environmental stressors. In haircare products, it can help to strengthen and condition the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Extract:

Linseed Seed Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including lotions, creams, serums, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or hair. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions on the product packaging to avoid any potential adverse effects.

4. References:

- Sharma, S., Singh, R., & Rana, S. (2019). Flaxseed: A potential source of food, feed and fiber. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(10), 1613-1627.

- Reena, K. P., & Sharma, N. (2014). Flaxseed: A potential source of nutraceuticals. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(9), 1633-1653.

- Nour, V., Trandafir, I., & Cosmulescu, S. (2014). HPLC determination of bioactive compounds in some varieties of flaxseeds. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 42(2), 331-336.

Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil Unsaponifiables

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil Unsaponifiables:

Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil Unsaponifiables are a natural extract derived from olive oil. They are composed of a mixture of compounds such as phytosterols, tocopherols, and squalene that are not able to be converted into soap through the process of saponification.

2. Use:

Olive oil unsaponifiables are commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for their moisturizing, nourishing, and antioxidant properties. They help to improve skin hydration, reduce inflammation, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Additionally, they can help to promote skin elasticity and firmness, making them a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.

3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil Unsaponifiables:

Olive oil unsaponifiables can be found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. They are typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed into other skincare formulations. It is important to patch test products containing olive oil unsaponifiables before full use to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any skincare ingredient, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating them into your routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies.

4. References:

- Montenegro L, Pasquinucci L. Olive Oil Unsaponifiables in Skincare and Skin Disease. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):6. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010006

- Gómez-Rico A, Salvador MD, La Greca M, Fregapane G. Phenolic and volatile compounds of extra virgin olive oil (Olea europaea L. Cv. Cornicabra) with regard to fruit ripening and irrigation management. J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(8):3121-3130. doi:10.1021/jf053111p

- Sánchez de Medina V, Prieto I, Galvez J, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of the olive oil polyphenol hydroxytyrosol: inhibition of the arachidonic acid cascade. Clin Nutr. 2009;28(4):350-355. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.03.011

Selaginella Lepidophylla Extract

Function: Emollient

1. Definition Selaginella Lepidophylla Extract:

Selaginella Lepidophylla Extract, also known as the resurrection plant extract, is derived from a unique plant that has the ability to survive extreme dehydration and revive once water is reintroduced. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Selaginella Lepidophylla Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its hydrating and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Additionally, this extract has soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin types.

3. Usage Selaginella Lepidophylla Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Selaginella Lepidophylla Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use the product consistently for optimal results. As with any new skincare product, a patch test is recommended to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Kim, Y., Park, E., Kim, J., & Park, S. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Selaginella tamariscina extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 237, 29-36.

- Lee, H., Kim, K., & Park, S. (2018). Protective effects of Selaginella tamariscina against UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 181, 23-30.

- Park, S., Kim, Y., & Kim, J. (2017). Anti-aging effects of Selaginella tamariscina extracts on human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(3), 360-366.

Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract:

Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract is derived from the seeds of the Amaranthus Caudatus plant, also known as Love-Lies-Bleeding. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.

2. Use:

Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and improve the overall appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract:

Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5%. To incorporate this ingredient into your skincare routine, apply products containing Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract to clean, dry skin as directed by the product instructions.

Precautions: While Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. If you have sensitive skin or any known allergies, consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with this ingredient into your routine.

4. References:

- S. G. De La Cruz, L. J. E. L. M. C. A. S. (2018). Amaranthus caudatus extract as a natural antioxidant in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(1), 95-102.

- Y. J. Kim, H. J. Kim, S. Y. Kim, J. H. Kim, S. J. Kim. (2016). Amaranthus caudatus seed extract has antioxidant properties and protects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Medicinal Food, 19(4), 347-355.

- M. V. R. S. M. L. M. S. (2019). Amaranthus caudatus seed extract: A potential ingredient for anti-aging cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(5), 1322-1328.

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate

Function: Antimicrobial, Antidandruff Agent

1. Definition Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is a natural preservative derived from the fermentation of radish roots by the bacterium Leuconostoc kimchii. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives.

2. Use:

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, yeast, and mold. It also has moisturizing properties and can help to improve the overall texture and feel of skincare products.

3. Usage Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:

When using products containing Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and storage. It is generally safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Alves, A., et al. (2016). Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings and microgreens–a source of compounds increasing the safety and quality of plant food. Food Chemistry, 213, 286-295.

- Clardy, J., et al. (2013). Leuconostoc kimchii sp. nov., a new species from kimchi. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 63(5), 1960-1966.

- Kim, S. H., et al. (2018). Antimicrobial effect of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) root against foodborne pathogens. Journal of Food Science, 83(1), 180-186.

Hypnea Musciformis Extract

Function: Skin Protecting

1. Definition Hypnea Musciformis Extract:

Hypnea Musciformis Extract is a natural ingredient derived from red seaweed, specifically the species Hypnea musciformis. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Hypnea Musciformis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks targeted towards sensitive or dry skin types.

3. Usage Hypnea Musciformis Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Hypnea Musciformis Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, the product should be applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. As with any skincare product, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- S. M. M. de Souza, C. M. Marques, M. A. Dore, A. C. P. da Silva, and R. A. G. de Souza, "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of red seaweed Hypnea musciformis," Planta Medica, vol. 74, no. 7, pp. 731-736, 2008.

- M. A. Dore, C. M. Marques, S. M. M. de Souza, A. C. P. da Silva, and R. A. G. de Souza, "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the red seaweed Hypnea musciformis," Inflammation Research, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 279-286, 2008.

- A. C. P. da Silva, C. M. Marques, S. M. M. de Souza, M. A. Dore, and R. A. G. de Souza, "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of a phycocolloid extracted from the red seaweed Hypnea musciformis," Inflammation Research, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 997-1004, 2010.

Hydrolyzed Pea Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Pea Protein:

Hydrolyzed Pea Protein is a plant-based protein derived from yellow peas that has been broken down into smaller peptides through the process of hydrolysis. This results in a protein that is more easily absorbed by the skin and hair, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Pea Protein is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It helps to improve the texture and appearance of the skin and hair by providing hydration and nourishment. In skincare products, it can help to strengthen the skin barrier, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production. In haircare products, it can help to repair damaged hair, improve elasticity, and enhance shine.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Pea Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Pea Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with pea allergies should avoid products containing this ingredient. As with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin or hair to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- El-Nabarawi MA, Teaima MH, Abd El-Hady SS, Nasr M. Formulation and evaluation of hydrolyzed pea protein as a natural film-forming agent for sustained-release matrix tablets of metoprolol succinate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2017;43(2):262-271. doi:10.1080/03639045.2016.1239079

- Liu Q, Yao Y, Zhang Z, et al. Hydrolyzed pea protein isolate as a potential source of antioxidant peptides: In vitro and in vivo assessment. J Funct Foods. 2019;59:104-114. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2019.07.021

- Wu J, Wang S, Li F, et al. Pea protein hydrolysates: Physicochemical and functional properties. Food Chem. 2019;275:141-148. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.090

Allantoin

Other name: Glyoxyldiureide; Allantion

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing

1. Definition Allantoin:

Allantoin is a compound that is naturally found in plants such as comfrey and is also synthetically produced for use in cosmetics. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Allantoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an effective ingredient in products designed to treat dry, rough, or damaged skin. Allantoin is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Allantoin:

Allantoin is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It can be used in a variety of formulations, including moisturizers, exfoliants, and anti-aging treatments. When using products containing allantoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to patch test the product before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Acute oral toxicity study of Allantoin in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 1247-1251.

- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2019). Natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 285-295.

Lysine HCL

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Lysine HCL:

Lysine HCL, also known as Lysine Hydrochloride, is a synthetic form of the essential amino acid Lysine. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin conditioning and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Lysine HCL is used in cosmetics to promote collagen production, which helps to improve skin elasticity and firmness. It also has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate the skin and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, Lysine HCL has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated skin and reducing redness.

3. Usage Lysine HCL:

Lysine HCL is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is safe for topical use, but it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Lysine HCL to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Lysine HCL into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Bissett, D. L., Chatterjee, R., Hannon, D. P. (2007). Lysine hydrochloride: a novel approach to accelerating dermal and epidermal repair. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 6(2), 108-113.

- Kapoor, S., Saraf, S. (2011). Topical herbal therapies an alternative and complementary choice to combat acne. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 5(6), 650-665.

- Koyama, H., Kobayashi, N., Harada, M., Murata, T., Suzuki, T., Ito, T., & Kikuchi, H. (2016). An oral supplementation of L-lysine reduces the production of advanced glycation end products in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutrition Research, 36(8), 823-829.

Zinc Pca

Other name: Zinc Complex L-PCA; Zn PCA; Zinc L-2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylate

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Zinc Pca:

Zinc Pca (Zinc Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid) is a compound that combines Zinc with L-Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and sebum-regulating properties.

2. Use:

Zinc Pca is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is known for its ability to help control excess oil production, reduce acne and blemishes, and soothe irritated skin. Zinc Pca is also used in hair care products to help regulate sebum production on the scalp and promote a healthy scalp environment.

3. Usage Zinc Pca:

When using products containing Zinc Pca, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before applying it to their face or body. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration of Zinc Pca and gradually increase the usage if needed. Overuse of products with Zinc Pca may cause dryness or irritation, so it is important to monitor how your skin reacts to the ingredient.

4. References:

- Draelos ZD. Essential fatty acids in dermatology. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9(6): 669-673.

- Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Rafiee E, Mehrabian A, Feily A. Skin wound healing and phytomedicine: a review. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014;27(6):303-310.

- Brandt S. The clinical effects of zinc as a topical or oral agent on the clinical response and pathophysiologic mechanisms of inflammatory acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(5):542-545.

Proline

Other name: Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid

Function: Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Proline:

Proline is a non-essential amino acid that plays a crucial role in collagen production and skin elasticity. It is naturally found in the human body and is also commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Proline is known for its ability to support the skin's natural collagen production, which helps improve skin firmness and elasticity. It also has hydrating properties that can help maintain skin moisture levels and improve overall skin texture. Additionally, proline can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging skincare products.

3. Usage Proline:

Proline is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before using products containing proline to ensure there are no adverse reactions. When using proline-based products, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and frequency to achieve the best results.

4. References:

- Pumori Saokar Telang, "Vitamin C in dermatology," Indian Dermatology Online Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, 2013.

- L. Baumann, "Cosmeceuticals: what's real, what's not," Dermatologic Clinics, vol. 22, no. 4, 2004.

- T. T. Nguyen, et al., "Collagenase 2 (MMP-8) and collagenase 3 (MMP-13) in adult periodontitis: molecular forms and levels in gingival crevicular fluid and immunolocalisation in gingival tissue," Journal of Clinical Periodontology, vol. 31, no. 12, 2004.

Shikimic Acid

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antidandruff Agent, Deodorant

1. Definition Shikimic Acid:

Shikimic acid is a natural compound found in certain plants, such as star anise and sweetgum fruits. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and plays a crucial role in various metabolic pathways.

2. Use:

Shikimic acid is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help protect the skin from environmental pollutants and UV radiation, as well as reduce redness and irritation. Additionally, shikimic acid has been shown to promote collagen production, leading to firmer and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Shikimic Acid:

Shikimic acid can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% and is suitable for all skin types. However, it is important to patch test products containing shikimic acid before use, especially if you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergies. It is also recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using shikimic acid products, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays.

4. References:

- Kim, M., Kim, S. Y., & Lee, H. W. (2017). Shikimic Acid Inhibits Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages and Atherosclerosis. Inflammation, 40(6), 1926-1936.

- Park, S. Y., & Kim, S. H. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of shikimic acid in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 125, 110-116.

- Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Yang, D., Zhang, C., Zhang, N., Li, M., ... & Zhang, T. (2018). Shikimic acid inhibits the LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW264. 7 cells. Inflammation, 41(1), 169-177.

Sucrose

Other name: Saccarose

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Soothing, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Sucrose:

Sucrose is a naturally occurring disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose molecules. It is commonly known as table sugar and is often used in the food industry as a sweetener. In cosmetics, sucrose is used for its exfoliating properties and ability to help hydrate and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Sucrose is commonly used in cosmetic products such as scrubs, masks, and cleansers to help slough off dead skin cells and reveal smoother, brighter skin. Its small granules provide gentle physical exfoliation, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. Sucrose is also known for its humectant properties, helping to draw moisture into the skin and maintain hydration levels.

3. Usage Sucrose:

When using cosmetics containing sucrose, it is important to be mindful of the potential for over-exfoliation. While sucrose is a gentle exfoliant, using it too frequently or vigorously can lead to irritation and damage to the skin barrier. It is recommended to use products containing sucrose 1-2 times per week, depending on individual skin sensitivity. Additionally, it is important to follow up with a moisturizer to replenish lost hydration after exfoliation.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients. Crown.

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

Amodimethicone

Function: Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Amodimethicone:

Amodimethicone is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetic products as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a modified form of dimethicone, which helps to improve the spreadability and texture of the product.

2. Use:

Amodimethicone is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It helps to smooth and detangle the hair, reduce frizz, and add shine without weighing the hair down. Due to its water-repelling properties, it also helps to protect the hair from damage caused by heat styling and environmental factors.

3. Usage Amodimethicone:

Amodimethicone should be used as directed on the product label. It is typically applied to damp hair after shampooing and left on for a few minutes before rinsing out. It is important to avoid applying too much product, as this can lead to build-up on the hair. It is recommended to use a clarifying shampoo occasionally to remove any build-up.

Precautions: While amodimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes, as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5464133, Amodimethicone. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Amodimethicone

- Personal Care Council. Amodimethicone. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/amodimethicone

- Cosmetics Cop. Dimethicone. https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/silicones/dimethicone.html

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Polyquaternium 10

Function: Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing

1. Definition Polyquaternium 10:

Polyquaternium 10 is a cationic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a conditioning agent. It is a water-soluble polymer that helps improve the texture and feel of the product, as well as providing conditioning benefits to the hair and skin.

2. Use:

Polyquaternium 10 is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, and body lotions. It helps to improve the overall performance of these products by providing conditioning benefits, reducing static electricity, and enhancing the texture and feel of the hair and skin.

3. Usage Polyquaternium 10:

When using products containing Polyquaternium 10, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, these products are applied to clean, damp hair or skin and left on for a specified amount of time before rinsing off. It is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- "Polyquaternium-10." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyquaternium-10

- "Polyquaternium-10." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/polyquaternium-10/

- "Polyquaternium-10." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyquaternium-10

Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate

Function: Emulsifying, Sufactant

1. Definition Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate:

Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is derived from glucose and oleic acid, and its polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain helps to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions.

2. Use:

Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used in various cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and cleansers to improve their texture, consistency, and overall performance. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together, ensuring a smooth and uniform application on the skin.

3. Usage Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate:

When using products containing Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products containing Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate on broken or irritated skin to prevent potential irritation or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/PEG%20120%20Methyl%20Glucose%20Dioleate.pdf)

- "PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate" by Cosmetics Info. (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-120-methyl-glucose-dioleate)

- "PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate" by Truth in Aging. (https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-120-methyl-glucose-dioleate)

Citric Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

See more: Citric Acid

C11 15 Pareth 7

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition C11 15 Pareth 7:

C11 15 Pareth 7 is a chemical compound that belongs to the group of ethoxylated alcohols. It is a surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier and cleansing agent.

2. Use:

C11 15 Pareth 7 is used in various cosmetic formulations such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and facial cleansers. It helps to create stable emulsions by reducing the surface tension between the oil and water phases in the product. Additionally, it has cleansing properties that help to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair.

3. Usage C11 15 Pareth 7:

When using products containing C11 15 Pareth 7, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with C11 15 Pareth 7 to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Pareth-7 as Used in Cosmetics" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2019.

- "Ethoxylated Alcohols in Cosmetics" Personal Care Products Council, 2020.

- "Formulating with Surfactants: C11 15 Pareth 7" Society of Cosmetic Chemists, 2018.

Laureth 9

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Laureth 9:

Laureth-9 is a surfactant and emulsifying agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a polyethylene glycol ether of lauryl alcohol, which helps to improve the texture and consistency of products.

2. Use:

Laureth-9 is used in cosmetics as a surfactant, which means it helps to reduce the surface tension between two substances, allowing them to mix more easily. It is often found in products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and lotions to help create a smooth and creamy texture.

3. Usage Laureth 9:

When using products containing Laureth-9, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Laureth-9 to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Laureth-9." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/laureth-9.

- "Safety Assessment of Laureth-9 as Used in Cosmetics." CIR, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/Laureth-9.pdf.

- Sadowski, Zbigniew. "Surfactants in Cosmetics." Springer, 2006.

Polyquaternium 80

Function: Emulsifying, Hair Conditioning, Cleansing

1. Definition Polyquaternium 80:

Polyquaternium-80 is a type of quaternary ammonium compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emulsifier. It is a water-soluble polymer that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Polyquaternium-80 is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to reduce static electricity, improve combability, and enhance the overall appearance of the hair. Additionally, it can also be found in skin care products such as moisturizers and lotions, where it helps to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin.

3. Usage Polyquaternium 80:

When using products containing Polyquaternium-80, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Polyquaternium-80 to ensure compatibility with your skin or hair.

4. References:

- "Polyquaternium-80." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyquaternium-80.

- "Polyquaternium-80." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyquaternium-80/.

- "Polyquaternium-80." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyquaternium-80.

Trideceth 12

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Trideceth 12:

Trideceth-12 is a polyethylene glycol ether of tridecyl alcohol, commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and conditioning agent. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together, stabilize formulations, and improve the spreadability and texture of products.

2. Use:

Trideceth-12 is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to detangle and soften hair, making it easier to comb through and style. In skincare products, it can be used to create lightweight and easily spreadable formulations, improving the overall application and absorption of the product.

3. Usage Trideceth 12:

Trideceth-12 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used as directed. However, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper use and dosage of products containing Trideceth-12.

4. References:

- "Safety and efficacy of trideceth-12 as used in cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. International Journal of Toxicology. 2015.

- "Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and related compounds: Ethoxylated ingredients in cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2019.

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, Howard I. Maibach. 2014.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Disodium Edta

Other name: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na

Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

Trideceth 8

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Trideceth 8:

Trideceth-8 is a synthetic compound that belongs to the group of polyethylene glycol ethers of tridecyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Trideceth-8 is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the hair by reducing static electricity, enhancing the spreadability of products, and providing conditioning benefits. Additionally, it can also be found in skincare products like creams and lotions, where it serves as an emulsifier to stabilize the formulation.

3. Usage Trideceth 8:

When using products containing Trideceth-8, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Trideceth-8 to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Trideceth-8 as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Trideceth-8" in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition

- "Polyethylene Glycol Ethers of Tridecyl Alcohol" in the Personal Care Products Council's Ingredient Database

Potassium Gluconate

Function: Skin Protecting, Chelating Agent

1. Definition Potassium Gluconate:

Potassium Gluconate is the potassium salt of gluconic acid, a natural substance found in fruits and honey. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and pH adjuster.

2. Use:

Potassium Gluconate is primarily used in cosmetics for its skin conditioning properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and serums. Additionally, it is known for its ability to improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin, making it a sought-after ingredient in anti-aging products.

3. Usage Potassium Gluconate:

When using products containing Potassium Gluconate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Potassium Gluconate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-gluconate

- Truth in Aging. (2016). Ingredient Spotlight: Potassium Gluconate. Retrieved from https://www.truthinaging.com/review/ingredient-spotlight-potassium-gluconate

- The Dermatology Review. (n.d.). Potassium Gluconate. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/potassium-gluconate

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Phenethyl Alcohol

Other name: 2-Phenylethanol; Benzeneethanol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenethyl Alcohol:

Phenethyl Alcohol is a naturally occurring compound that is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics. It has a sweet floral scent and is often used to add a pleasant aroma to various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenethyl Alcohol is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It can be found in a wide range of products such as perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. Additionally, it may also have antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice for use in skincare products.

3. Usage Phenethyl Alcohol:

When using cosmetics containing Phenethyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain this compound. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to determine if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Phenethyl Alcohol" by The Good Scents Company. Retrieved from: https://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1000041.html

- "Safety Assessment of Phenethyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Retrieved from: https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/phenethyl1115sl.pdf

- "Phenethyl Alcohol" by PubChem. Retrieved from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10349

Potassium Sorbate

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.

2. Use:

Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.

3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.

4. References:

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.

Sodium Gluceptate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Chelating Agent

1. Definition Sodium Gluceptate:

Sodium Gluceptate is a sodium salt of gluconic acid, which is derived from glucose. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a chelating agent, which means it helps to bind and neutralize metal ions in formulations, preventing them from causing product degradation or skin irritation.

2. Use:

Sodium Gluceptate is primarily used in cosmetics as a chelating agent to improve the stability and efficacy of formulations. It helps to maintain the pH balance of products and prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of preservatives and antioxidants in cosmetics by preventing them from being deactivated by metal ions.

3. Usage Sodium Gluceptate:

Sodium Gluceptate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations. It is water-soluble and can be easily incorporated into various types of products, including creams, lotions, serums, and cleansers. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Sodium Gluceptate to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Chaudhuri, R. K., & Pal, A. K. (2013). Gluconates in Cosmetics. Cosmetics, 1(2), 107-116.

- Lodeiro, C., Capelo, J. L., & Santos, H. M. (2018). Chelating Agents in Cosmetics. In Chelation in Metal Intoxication (pp. 221-236). Springer, Cham.

- Kaur, R., Kaur, R., & Singh, A. (2019). A Review on Chelating Agents and their Applications in Cosmetics. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 9(4-s), 415-419.

Sodium Benzoate

Other name: natri benzoat

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive

1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:

Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:

When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024

- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics

Salicylic Acid

Other name: Salicylates; 2-hydroxybenzoic; Salicylic Acid; Beta Hydroxy Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Denaturant , Preservative, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Antidandruff Agent, Antiacne Agent, Keratolytic, Corn/Callus/Wart Remover

1. Definition Salicylic Acid:

Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that is commonly used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties. It works by penetrating the pores and breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, helping to unclog pores and prevent acne breakouts.

2. Use:

Salicylic Acid is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, spot treatments, and masks. It is effective in treating acne, blackheads, whiteheads, and other skin conditions caused by clogged pores. Salicylic Acid can also help to reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards oily and acne-prone skin types.

3. Usage Salicylic Acid:

When using products containing Salicylic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid potential irritation or drying out of the skin. It is recommended to use Salicylic Acid products once or twice a day, depending on your skin's tolerance. It is also important to follow up with a moisturizer and use sunscreen during the day, as Salicylic Acid can increase sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S9042

- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765

- Chien, A. L., Qi, J., Rainer, B., & Sachs, D. L. (2018). Topical salicylic acid for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 17(6), 725–730. https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961618P0725X/1

See more: Salicylic Acid

Parfum (Fragrance)

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Benzyl Alcohol

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic

1. Definition Benzyl Alcohol:

Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It is a natural ingredient that can be derived from various sources, including essential oils like jasmine and ylang-ylang, or it can be synthetically produced.

2. Use:

Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is also used as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent in various skincare, haircare, and personal care products.

3. Usage Benzyl Alcohol:

When using Benzyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended usage levels to ensure product safety and efficacy. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has deemed Benzyl Alcohol safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 1%, with some exceptions. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Alcohol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-23.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzyl-alcohol

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 244, Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-alcohol