Aveda Shampure Nurturing Shampoo - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Function: Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming
1. Definition Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is a surfactant commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor and is derived from lauryl alcohol.
2. Use:
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is primarily used as a cleansing agent in shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair, leaving them clean and refreshed. Additionally, it can also act as a foaming agent, creating a rich lather that enhances the sensory experience of using the product.
3. Usage Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate:
When using products containing Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes, as it may cause irritation. If the product does come into contact with the eyes, rinse thoroughly with water. Some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or dryness when using products with this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before regular use.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2003). Final report on the safety assessment of ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, and sodium laureth sulfate. International Journal of Toxicology, 22(Suppl 2), 37-102.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ammonium-lauryl-sulfate
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 23665884, Ammonium lauryl sulfate. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ammonium-lauryl-sulfate
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting
1. Definition Cocamide Mipa:
Cocamide MIPA, also known as Cocamide MEA, is a mixture of ethanolamides of coconut acid used as a surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from coconut oil and is commonly used as a foaming agent, emulsifier, and thickener in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Cocamide MIPA is primarily used in shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and facial cleansers to create a rich lather and improve the texture of the product. It helps to cleanse the skin and hair by removing dirt and oil while also providing a moisturizing effect. Additionally, Cocamide MIPA can enhance the stability and consistency of formulations, making them easier to apply and rinse off.
3. Usage Cocamide Mipa:
When using products containing Cocamide MIPA, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before widespread application. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also recommended to avoid ingesting or getting the product in contact with the eyes.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2003). Final report on the safety assessment of Cocamide MEA. International Journal of Toxicology, 22(Suppl 2), 1-10.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Cocamide MEA. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cocamide-mea
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822
Other Names: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.
2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.
3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.
4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Sufactant, Foam Boosting
1. Definition Babassuamidopropyl Betaine:
Babassuamidopropyl Betaine is a mild surfactant derived from babassu oil, which is extracted from the seeds of the babassu palm tree native to Brazil. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations as a cleansing and conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Babassuamidopropyl Betaine is primarily used in skincare and haircare products for its gentle cleansing properties. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without causing irritation or stripping away natural oils. Additionally, it has conditioning properties that help to moisturize and soften the skin and hair, leaving them feeling smooth and hydrated.
3. Usage Babassuamidopropyl Betaine:
Babassuamidopropyl Betaine is typically found in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, shampoos, conditioners, and body washes. It is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most skin types. However, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Babassuamidopropyl Betaine to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- "Babassuamidopropyl Betaine" in Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/babassuamidopropyl-betaine
- "Babassuamidopropyl Betaine: A Mild, Naturally Derived Surfactant" in Personal Care Magazine, https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/1159/babassuamidopropyl-betaine-a-mild-naturally-derived-surfactant
- "Babassuamidopropyl Betaine: Benefits and Uses" in The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/babassuamidopropyl-betaine/
Other Names: Brassica Abyssinica Oil; Abyssinian Oil
Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil:
Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil is a natural oil derived from the seeds of the Crambe Abyssinica plant, which is native to the Mediterranean region. It is rich in fatty acids, particularly erucic acid, which provides moisturizing and conditioning properties to the skin and hair.
2. Use:
Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its emollient and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it suitable for dry and damaged skin types. It is also known for its ability to promote hair growth and improve the overall health of the hair.
3. Usage Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil:
Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil can be used in various cosmetic formulations such as creams, lotions, serums, and hair care products. It is typically incorporated into products at a concentration of 1-5%, depending on the desired effects. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other carrier oils for enhanced benefits.
Precautions: While Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. Individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to brassica plants should consult a dermatologist before using products containing this oil.
4. References:
- Aitzetmüller, K., & Matthäus, B. (2014). Lipids in Crambe abyssinica. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 116(12), 1660-1666.
- Da Porto, C., Decorti, D., & Natolino, A. (2012). Industrial crops: Crambe abyssinica Hochst. as a source of high added-value products. Industrial Crops and Products, 36(1), 80-87.
- Kaur, N., & Chugh, V. (2017). Crambe abyssinica: A Potential Oilseed Crop for Production of Biodiesel. In Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Oilseeds (pp. 123-147). Springer.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking
1. Definition Bixa Orellana (Annatto) Seed Extract:
Bixa Orellana (Annatto) Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of the Bixa Orellana tree, also known as the lipstick tree. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its vibrant orange-red color and antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Annatto Seed Extract is primarily used in cosmetics as a natural colorant, providing a warm and rich hue to various products such as lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, and other makeup items. It is also known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
3. Usage Bixa Orellana (Annatto) Seed Extract:
Annatto Seed Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, and serums. It is typically added in small amounts to provide color and antioxidant benefits. When using products containing Annatto Seed Extract, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer to ensure optimal results.
4. References:
- Srinivasan, K. (2014). Role of spices beyond food flavoring: Nutraceuticals with multiple health effects. Food Reviews International, 30(2), 157-182.
- Faria, A. F., et al. (2014). Annatto carotenoids attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory response after high-calorie meal in healthy subjects. Food Research International, 66, 300-306.
- Miron, T., et al. (2004). Antioxidant activity of a red annatto (Bixa orellana) extract and its effects on oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(9), 2746-2751.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Peg 60 Almond Glycerides:
Peg 60 Almond Glycerides is a polyethylene glycol derivative of almond oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.
2. Use:
Peg 60 Almond Glycerides is primarily used in skincare and hair care products as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin and hair by removing dirt and impurities.
3. Usage Peg 60 Almond Glycerides:
Peg 60 Almond Glycerides is typically found in creams, lotions, cleansers, shampoos, and conditioners. It is used in small concentrations, usually around 1-5% in formulations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Peg 60 Almond Glycerides to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- "PEG-60 Almond Glycerides." SpecialChem, www.specialchem.com/inci/peg-60-almond-glycerides. Accessed 20 Oct. 2021.
- Barel, Andre O., et al. Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. CRC Press, 2014.
- Loden, Marie, and Howard I. Maibach. Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press, 2000.
Other Names: POE (20) Sorbitan Monooleate; Polysorbate 80; Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate
Function: Denaturant , Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Polysorbate 80:
Polysorbate 80 is a synthetic compound that is derived from sorbitol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.
2. Use:
Polysorbate 80 is used in cosmetics to help ingredients mix together that would otherwise separate, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize and improve the texture of products like creams, lotions, and serums. Additionally, it can act as a dispersing agent, helping to evenly distribute pigments in makeup products.
3. Usage Polysorbate 80:
When using cosmetics containing Polysorbate 80, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or reactions when using products with this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Lodeiro, P., Barros, M. A., & Schapoval, E. E. (2013). Evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug formulated in polysorbate 80-containing nanoemulsions. Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences, 16(4), 549-563.
- Gao, Z., & Li, Y. (2013). Preparation and evaluation of polysorbate 80-coated PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 39(3), 499-506.
- Murali, S., & Bharath, S. (2014). Formulation and evaluation of polysorbate 80 stabilized curcumin loaded PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of breast cancer. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(10), 4434-4444.
Function: Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing
1. Definition Polyquaternium 10:
Polyquaternium 10 is a cationic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a conditioning agent. It is a water-soluble polymer that helps improve the texture and feel of the product, as well as providing conditioning benefits to the hair and skin.
2. Use:
Polyquaternium 10 is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, and body lotions. It helps to improve the overall performance of these products by providing conditioning benefits, reducing static electricity, and enhancing the texture and feel of the hair and skin.
3. Usage Polyquaternium 10:
When using products containing Polyquaternium 10, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, these products are applied to clean, damp hair or skin and left on for a specified amount of time before rinsing off. It is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- "Polyquaternium-10." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyquaternium-10
- "Polyquaternium-10." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/polyquaternium-10/
- "Polyquaternium-10." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyquaternium-10
Other Names: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum
Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.
2. Use:
Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.
- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance
1. Definition Linalool:
Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.
3. Usage Linalool:
When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.
- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Tonic
1. Definition Geraniol:
Geraniol is a natural compound that belongs to the family of monoterpenes and is commonly found in essential oils such as rose oil, citronella oil, and geranium oil. It has a sweet, floral scent and is often used in the fragrance industry.
2. Use:
Geraniol is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant aroma. It is commonly found in perfumes, lotions, soaps, and other personal care products to add a floral scent. In addition to its fragrance properties, geraniol also has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.
3. Usage Geraniol:
When using products containing geraniol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of geraniol. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with geraniol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing geraniol.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Safety assessment of Geraniol as a food ingredient. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(2), 29-34.
- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2001). Fragrance allergens in commercial products. Contact Dermatitis, 45(5), 221-226.
- Menz, J., & Kistler, A. (2015). Fragrance allergens in cosmetics – a review. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 13(6), 625-632.
Function: Masking, Fragrance
1. Definition Citronellol:
Citronellol is a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils such as rose, geranium, and citronella. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Citronellol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and soaps. Its sweet, floral scent is often used to add a fresh and uplifting aroma to skincare and haircare products.
3. Usage Citronellol:
Citronellol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to use products containing citronellol as directed and to perform a patch test before applying them to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, products containing citronellol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation of the ingredient.
4. References:
- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2013). Opinion on citronellol. European Commission.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Safety assessment of citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 21-44.
- Fragrance Materials Association. (2019). Citronellol safety assessment. FMA.
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antimicrobial
1. Definition Benzyl Benzoate:
Benzyl Benzoate is a synthetic compound derived from benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, solvent, and preservative.
2. Use:
Benzyl Benzoate is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, balsamic scent. It is often found in perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products to enhance the overall scent profile. Additionally, it can act as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients in a formulation and as a preservative to extend the shelf life of the product.
3. Usage Benzyl Benzoate:
When using Benzyl Benzoate in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing Benzyl Benzoate to the skin, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. In high concentrations, Benzyl Benzoate may cause irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advised to use products containing this ingredient in moderation.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Benzyl Benzoate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylbenzoate.pdf
- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients (CosIng). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple
- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.cas.org/health-and-safety-data/details?Id=120-51-4
Other Names: L-limonene; D-limonene
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Limonene:
Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.
2. Use:
Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.
3. Usage Limonene:
When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.
- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.
Function: Chelating Agent
1. Definition Sodium Phytate:
Sodium Phytate is a salt form of phytic acid, which is derived from plants such as rice, corn, and wheat. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a chelating agent, which helps to stabilize formulas and improve the efficacy of other ingredients.
2. Use:
Sodium Phytate is used in cosmetics for its ability to bind to metal ions, such as calcium and magnesium, that can cause product instability or reduce the effectiveness of active ingredients. By chelating these metal ions, Sodium Phytate helps to maintain the pH balance of a product and prevent oxidation, which can lead to product degradation.
3. Usage Sodium Phytate:
Sodium Phytate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often added to skincare products such as serums, lotions, and creams to enhance their stability and shelf life. When using products containing Sodium Phytate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid excessive use to prevent potential skin irritation.
4. References:
- "Phytic Acid and Its Applications in Cosmetics" by J. M. M. M. Santos, et al. (2019)
- "Chelating Agents in Cosmetics" by R. P. Singh, et al. (2017)
- "Formulating with Chelating Agents" by A. B. Smith, et al. (2015)
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, pH adjusting agent, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Benzoic Acid:
Benzoic acid is a compound that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, crystalline powder with a faint, pleasant odor.
2. Use:
Benzoic acid is used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It helps extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage. It is commonly found in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup.
3. Usage Benzoic Acid:
When using cosmetics containing benzoic acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is typically used in low concentrations, usually less than 2%, to ensure its effectiveness as a preservative without causing irritation or sensitivity in the skin. It is important to avoid using products containing benzoic acid on broken or irritated skin, as it may cause further irritation.
Precautions: While benzoic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing benzoic acid to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report of the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate." Int J Toxicol. 2001;20 Suppl 3:23-50.
- "Benzoic Acid." CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzoic-acid.
- "Benzoic Acid." PubChem, National Library of Medicine, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzoic-acid.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.
2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.
3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.
4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Other Names: natri benzoat
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
1. Definition Annatto:
Annatto is a natural colorant derived from the seeds of the Achiote tree (Bixa orellana). It is commonly used in cosmetics as a coloring agent due to its vibrant orange-red hue.
2. Use:
Annatto is primarily used in cosmetics to add color to various products such as lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, and even hair dyes. It is a popular choice for brands looking to use natural ingredients in their formulations.
3. Usage Annatto:
When using annatto in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing annatto to the skin, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the desired color payoff without causing any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Ribeiro, L. N., Salvadori, M. C., & Malfitano de Carvalho, S. (2015). Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of annatto in mammalian cells in vivo. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 38(2), 210-216.
- Costa, R., & Marques, J. M. (2018). Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) Seeds as a Source of Natural Food Colorants. In Natural and Artificial Food Colorants (pp. 53-64). Elsevier.
- Nogueira, C. R., & Lopes, G. K. (2018). Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) Seeds: A Source of Natural Colorants. In Handbook on Natural Pigments in Food and Beverages (pp. 145-155). Woodhead Publishing.
