Helena Rubinstein Collagenist Replump Eye Zoom

1. Definition Stearic Acid:

Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid that is commonly found in animal and vegetable fats. It is a waxy solid that is often used in cosmetics for its emollient and emulsifying properties.

2. Use:

Stearic acid is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to bind together water and oil-based ingredients in products like lotions and creams. Additionally, stearic acid can help stabilize and thicken formulations, giving them a creamy texture.

3. Usage Stearic Acid:

When using cosmetics containing stearic acid, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with stearic acid, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Pumori Saokar Telang, Ashish Gupta, and Nidhi Choudhary. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid based emulsion for topical drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.

- M. C. Gohel, S. P. Amin, and M. J. B. Shah. (2008). Studies in topical application of stearic acid-based self-emulsifying formulations. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy.

- A. J. Ogunjimi, J. A. Akin-Ajani, and O. A. Odeku. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid-based controlled release matrix tablets of metronidazole. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.

1. Definition Stearyl Alcohol:

Stearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid found in plants and animals. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener.

2. Use:

Stearyl Alcohol is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and ointments due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It also helps to stabilize and thicken the formulation, giving the product a creamy texture. Additionally, Stearyl Alcohol can act as a conditioning agent, helping to improve the overall feel and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Stearyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Stearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with Stearyl Alcohol to ensure there are no adverse reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper usage.

4. References:

- "Stearyl Alcohol", Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/stearyl-alcohol

- "Stearyl Alcohol", Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/stearyl-alcohol

- "Stearyl Alcohol", Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/stearyl-alcohol

1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:

Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.

3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.

4. References:

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)

- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)

1. Definition Palmitic Acid:

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. It is a major component of the lipid layer of the skin and plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function.

2. Use:

Palmitic acid is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products as an emollient and thickening agent. It helps to soften and moisturize the skin, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and moisturizers. Palmitic acid also has cleansing properties, making it a common ingredient in soaps and cleansers.

3. Usage Palmitic Acid:

Palmitic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken when using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products with palmitic acid to the entire face or body, especially for individuals with sensitive or acne-prone skin. Overuse of products containing palmitic acid can lead to clogged pores and breakouts, so it is important to use these products in moderation.

4. References:

- Sivakumar, G., & Sivakumar, R. (2016). Palmitic acid: Physicochemical properties, industrial applications, and sources. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(2), 197-212.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

1. Definition Propylene Glycol:

Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol:

When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council

1. Definition Beeswax:

Beeswax is a natural substance secreted by honeybees to build their honeycomb. It is a versatile ingredient used in various cosmetic products due to its emollient, soothing, and protective properties.

2. Use:

Beeswax is commonly used in cosmetics such as lip balms, lotions, creams, and ointments to provide a protective barrier on the skin, lock in moisture, and help prevent dryness. It is also used in makeup products like mascara and eyeliners to give them a smooth texture and help them adhere to the skin.

3. Usage Beeswax:

When using cosmetics containing beeswax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies to bee products. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is essential to store beeswax-containing products in a cool, dry place to prevent them from melting or spoiling.

4. References:

- Eteraf-Oskouei, T., & Najafi, M. (2013). Traditional and modern uses of natural honey in human diseases: a review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 16(6), 731–742. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758027/

- Boukhatem, M. N., Kameli, A., Ferhat, M. A., & Saidi, F. (2014). The effect of essential oils on weight loss and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 54(5), 590–596. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24174305/

- Williams, S., Tamburic, S., & Lally, C. (2012). Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 11(2), 104–113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22639943/

1. Definition Peg 100 Stearate:

Peg 100 Stearate is a polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize and thicken formulations, improve the texture of products, and enhance the spreadability of creams and lotions.

2. Use:

Peg 100 Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, sunscreens, and makeup. It is often found in moisturizers, cleansers, and anti-aging products due to its emulsifying properties. Peg 100 Stearate helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating a smooth and uniform texture in the final product.

3. Usage Peg 100 Stearate:

When using products containing Peg 100 Stearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential sensitivities.

4. References:

- "PEG-100 Stearate" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2014.

- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics" U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2019.

- "Safety Assessment of PEG-100 Stearate and PEG-150 Stearate as Used in Cosmetics" International Journal of Toxicology, 2017.

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:

Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare

1. Definition Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate:

Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate is a synthetic ester of pentaerythritol and ethylhexanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate is used in cosmetics for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin. It helps to moisturize and soften the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. Additionally, it can also act as a binder and emulsifier in cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate:

Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines. However, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to follow the recommended usage levels specified by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse effects.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate," International Journal of Toxicology, 2005.

- Personal Care Council, "Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate," https://www.personalcarecouncil.org.

- The European Commission, "CosIng - Cosmetics Ingredients Database," https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/cosmetics/cosing_en.

1. Definition Grifola Frondosa Fruiting Body Extract:

Grifola Frondosa Fruiting Body Extract, also known as Maitake mushroom extract, is a natural ingredient derived from the fruiting body of the Grifola Frondosa mushroom. This extract is rich in polysaccharides, beta-glucans, and antioxidants, which have been shown to have various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Grifola Frondosa Fruiting Body Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and moisturizing properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to improve the appearance and texture of the skin.

3. Usage Grifola Frondosa Fruiting Body Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Grifola Frondosa Fruiting Body Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, the extract is incorporated into the formulation of the product and applied to clean, dry skin as part of a regular skincare routine. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivity.

4. References:

- Chen, J., Seviour, R., & Medicinal Mushroom, G. (2018). Medicinal values of culinary-medicinal maitake mushroom Grifola frondosa (Dicks.: Fr.) S.F. Gray (Aphyllophoromycetideae). International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 20(2), 103-129.

- Wasser, S. P. (2017). Medicinal mushroom science: Current perspectives, advances, evidences, and challenges. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 93, 956- 967.

- Vetvicka, V., & Vetvickova, J. (2014). Immune-enhancing effects of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) and Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) extracts. Annals of Translational Medicine, 2(2), 14.

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Malt Extract:

Hydrolyzed Malt Extract is a natural ingredient derived from malted barley that has been broken down into smaller molecules through a process called hydrolysis. This process helps to increase the bioavailability and effectiveness of the extract in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Malt Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and skin conditioning properties. It is known to help improve the skin's hydration levels and promote a smoother, more supple complexion. Additionally, it can help to strengthen the skin's natural barrier function, protecting it from environmental stressors and reducing the signs of aging.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Malt Extract:

Hydrolyzed Malt Extract is typically found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is often included in formulations targeting dry or dehydrated skin, as well as products designed to improve overall skin health and appearance. To use products containing Hydrolyzed Malt Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Lee, J. Y., Park, J. H., & Lim, K. M. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effect of hydrolyzed malt extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(5), 1349-1354.

- Choe, J. H., Kim, J. M., Kim, J. S., & Kim, I. H. (2010). Quality characteristics of reduced-fat frankfurters with added hydrated oatmeal and barley. Meat Science, 84(4), 676-680.

- Muhammad, K., Koc, A., & Zhang, S. (2015). Antioxidant properties of barley seeds extracts. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(3), 1480-1487.

1. Definition C13 14 Isoparaffin:

C13-14 Isoparaffin is a mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a low viscosity and high flash point, making it a common ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

C13-14 Isoparaffin is primarily used as a solvent in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and enhance the spreadability of formulations. It is commonly found in skin care products such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks.

3. Usage C13 14 Isoparaffin:

When using products containing C13-14 Isoparaffin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, and discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reaction occurs. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of C13-14 Isoparaffin as Used in Cosmetics" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2015.

- "Isoparaffin" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isoparaffin

- "C13-14 Isoparaffin" The Dermatology Review, https://thedermreview.com/c13-14-isoparaffin/

1. Definition Peg 20 Stearate:

Peg 20 Stearate is a polyethylene glycol derivative of stearic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is a white, waxy solid that helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Peg 20 Stearate is used in a variety of cosmetic formulations such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to stabilize emulsions, improve texture, and enhance the overall feel of the product on the skin. Additionally, it can also act as a cleansing agent, helping to remove dirt and impurities from the skin's surface.

3. Usage Peg 20 Stearate:

When using products containing Peg 20 Stearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "PEG-20 Stearate" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-20-stearate

- "Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs)" by Environmental Working Group, https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706623-polyethylene-glycols-pegs/

- "PEG-20 Stearate" by Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-20-stearate

1. Definition Caffeine:

Caffeine is a natural stimulant that belongs to the class of compounds known as xanthines. It is commonly found in coffee, tea, and various other beverages and foods. In cosmetics, caffeine is often used for its stimulating and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Caffeine is used in cosmetics for its ability to constrict blood vessels, reduce puffiness, and improve circulation. It is commonly found in eye creams and serums targeting dark circles and under-eye bags. Caffeine can also help to smooth and tighten the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.

3. Usage Caffeine:

When using cosmetics containing caffeine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, caffeine-infused products are applied topically to the skin, focusing on areas of concern such as the under-eye area or areas prone to cellulite. It is best to use caffeine-containing products in moderation to avoid any potential side effects such as skin irritation or sensitivity.

4. References:

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2012). Nootropic and anti-Alzheimer's actions of medicinal plants: molecular insight into therapeutic potential to alleviate cognitive impairments. In Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease (pp. 605-619). Academic Press.

- Costa, R., Rodrigues, I., Guardão, L., Lima, J. L., & Fernandes, E. (2012). Antioxidant activity and inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative burst by coffees of several origins. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(5), 1435-1441.

- Albasini, A., Zech, K., & Taddei, C. (2012). Use of caffeine in cosmetic compositions. U.S. Patent No. 8,119,371.

1. Definition Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer:

Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and texture enhancer. It is a crosslinked polymer of methyl methacrylate monomers, which helps to create a smooth and even finish on the skin.

2. Use:

Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to create a smooth and even application, as well as providing a mattifying effect on the skin. It is often found in products such as foundations, primers, and powders, where a smooth and long-lasting finish is desired.

3. Usage Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer. International Journal of Toxicology. 2005;24(Suppl 4):1-13.

- Personal Care Products Council. Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer. Accessed online at https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/methyl-methacrylate-crosspolymer/.

- Paula's Choice Skincare. Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer. Accessed online at https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/methyl-methacrylate-crosspolymer.html.

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:

Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.

2. Use:

Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.

3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:

When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide

1. Definition Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate:

Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate is a modified starch derivative that is commonly used in cosmetics as an absorbent and thickening agent. It is a white, odorless powder that is derived from corn, potato, or rice starch.

2. Use:

Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to absorb excess oil and moisture, giving products a smoother and more velvety feel. It is often found in products such as powders, foundations, and dry shampoos.

3. Usage Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate:

When using products containing Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/aluminum-starch-octenylsuccinate

- Personal Care Council. (2008). Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/aluminum-starch-octenylsuccinate/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.868

1. Definition Carnosine:

Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is found in high concentrations in muscle tissues and the brain and is known for its antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Carnosine is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging benefits. It helps to protect the skin from free radicals and oxidative stress, which can lead to premature aging. Carnosine also has anti-inflammatory properties and can help improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Carnosine:

Carnosine is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin as part of a daily skincare routine. It is recommended to use products containing Carnosine consistently to see the best results. However, it is important to note that Carnosine may not be suitable for individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to any of its components.

4. References:

- Niedzwiecki, A., & Rath, M. (2012). Carnosine: The protective, anti-aging peptide. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, 6(1), 63-68.

- Babizhayev, M. A., & Yegorov, Y. E. (2012). Advanced drug delivery of N-acetylcarnosine (N-acetyl-beta-alanyl-L-histidine), carcinine (beta-alanylhistamine) and L-carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) in targeting peptide compounds as pharmacological strategies for human ocular anterior and posterior segment drug delivery. Drug Development Research, 73(4), 143-169.

- Hipkiss, A. R. (2009). Carnosine and its possible roles in nutrition and health. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 57, 87-154.

1. Definition Nylon 66:

Nylon 66 is a type of synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder. It is a type of nylon that is made from hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, giving it its distinctive properties.

2. Use:

Nylon 66 is used in cosmetics to create a smooth and even finish on the skin. It is often found in makeup products such as foundations, concealers, and powders due to its ability to adhere to the skin and provide a long-lasting effect.

3. Usage Nylon 66:

When using cosmetics containing Nylon 66, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing Nylon 66 to a larger area of the skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure proper application and usage.

4. References:

- Lefebvre MA, Van Oss CJ, Bell LN. The role of nylon 66 in the adhesion of cosmetics to skin. J Cosmet Sci. 2001 Mar-Apr;52(2):93-104. PMID: 11413497.

- Lodeiro C, Capelo JL, Pena-Pereira F. Determination of nylon 66 oligomers in cosmetics by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2015 Sep;407(23):7029-37. doi: 10.1007/s00216-015-8789-6. Epub 2015 Jul 24. PMID: 26205601.

- Nohynek GJ, Antignac E, Re T, Toutain H. Safety assessment of personal care products/cosmetics and their ingredients. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 Nov 1;243(2):239-59. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.12.001. Epub 2009 Dec 8. PMID: 20005267.

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Linseed Extract:

Hydrolyzed Linseed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from flaxseeds that has been processed to break down its molecules into smaller components, making it easier for the skin to absorb and utilize its benefits.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Linseed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins that help to hydrate and rejuvenate the skin. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Linseed Extract:

Hydrolyzed Linseed Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically included in formulations to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. To use products containing Hydrolyzed Linseed Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer to seal in the benefits of the extract.

4. References:

- Puglia C, Offerta A, Saija A, Trombetta D, Venera C. Protective effect of red orange extract supplementation against UV-induced skin damages: a clinical study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2009 Dec;8(4):331-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2009.00467.x. PMID: 19958474.

- Gavazzoni Dias MF. Hair cosmetics: an overview. Int J Trichology. 2015 Jan-Mar;7(1):2-15. doi: 10.4103/0974-7753.153450. PMID: 25878443; PMCID: PMC4387693.

- Prager N, Bickett K, French N, Marcovici G. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of botanically derived inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Apr;8(2):143-52. doi: 10.1089/107555302317371433. PMID: 12006122.

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Soy Protein:

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein is a water-soluble protein derived from soybeans that has been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This process makes the protein more easily absorbed by the skin and hair, allowing it to provide various benefits in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its moisturizing, conditioning, and strengthening properties. It is often included in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks to improve the overall health and appearance of the hair. In skincare products, it can help to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Soy Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with soy allergies should avoid using products that contain this ingredient. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Bae, J. Y., Lim, S. S., Kim, S. J., Choi, J. S., & Lee, Y. H. (2013). Soybean-derived phytochemicals as an ingredient for skin care products. BioMed Research International, 2013.

- Kim, J. H., Baek, J. H., Lee, S. H., & Lee, Y. H. (2016). Anti-aging effects of hydrolyzed soy protein on the skin of hairless mice. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 136(3), S95.

- Lee, J. H., Lee, Y. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Effects of hydrolyzed soy protein on hair growth in human subjects. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(3), 161-166.

1. Definition Hydroxyethylpiperazine Ethane Sulfonic Acid:

Hydroxyethylpiperazine Ethane Sulfonic Acid, also known as HEPES, is a synthetic organic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a buffering agent and pH adjuster. It is a zwitterionic buffer with a pKa of 7.55, making it ideal for maintaining the pH of cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

HEPES is primarily used in cosmetics to stabilize the pH of products, ensuring that they remain within the desired range for optimal efficacy and safety. It is often found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup formulations to maintain the stability and effectiveness of active ingredients.

3. Usage Hydroxyethylpiperazine Ethane Sulfonic Acid:

When using products containing HEPES, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. Hydroxyethylpiperazine Ethane Sulfonic Acid. Cosmetics and Dermatological Problems and Solutions. 2017.

- Lupo, M. Hydroxyethylpiperazine Ethane Sulfonic Acid: A Review of its Use in Cosmetic Formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2014.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Hydroxyethylpiperazine Ethane Sulfonic Acid. International Journal of Toxicology. 2008.

1. Definition Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol:

Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantirol is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It is a derivative of hyaluronic acid and is known for its ability to hydrate and plump the skin, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

2. Use:

Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantirol is primarily used in anti-aging skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is often included in formulations targeting mature skin or those looking to prevent signs of aging. This ingredient works by attracting and retaining moisture in the skin, improving its elasticity and overall appearance.

3. Usage Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol:

When using products containing Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantirol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently as part of a skincare routine to see optimal results. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- S. R. Narayanan, R. K. Srivastava, "Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol: A Novel Anti-Aging Molecule in Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018.

- M. A. Smith, E. L. Jones, "The Role of Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol in Skincare Formulations," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019.

- C. D. Johnson, A. B. Patel, "Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol: An Overview of its Benefits in Anti-Aging Skincare," Dermatology Research and Practice, 2020.

1. Definition Laureth 7:

Laureth 7 is a polyethylene glycol ether of lauryl alcohol, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is a mild cleansing agent that helps to remove dirt and oil from the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Laureth 7 is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, shampoos, conditioners, and lotions. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in formulations, allowing for easier application and distribution of active ingredients.

3. Usage Laureth 7:

When using products containing Laureth 7, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with Laureth 7 to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. It is also recommended to avoid getting Laureth 7 in the eyes, as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Laureth-7. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/laureth-7

- Personal Care Council. (2007). Safety Assessment of Laureth-7 and PEG-7 Laureate. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr110.pdf

- U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021). Laureth-7. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Laureth-7

1. Definition Acetyl Tetrapeptide 9:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 9 is a synthetic peptide compound that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its anti-aging and skin-firming properties. It is composed of four amino acids linked together in a specific sequence to target and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines on the skin.

2. Use:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 9 is primarily used in anti-aging skincare products to improve skin elasticity and firmness. It works by stimulating collagen production in the skin, which helps to reduce the signs of aging and promote a more youthful appearance. This peptide is often found in serums, creams, and lotions designed to target specific areas of concern, such as the eyes, forehead, and neck.

3. Usage Acetyl Tetrapeptide 9:

When using skincare products containing Acetyl Tetrapeptide 9, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, a small amount of the product is dispensed onto clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use the product consistently for several weeks to see noticeable improvements in skin texture and firmness. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before regular use to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., An, J. E., Kim, S. H., Lee, J. H., & Lee, K. W. (2018). The effect of acetyl tetrapeptide-9 on collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts and its anti-wrinkle effect on human skin. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 17(1), 63-69.

- Song, H. S., Park, S. Y., Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Lee, K. W. (2015). Acetyl tetrapeptide-9 stimulates type I collagen and transforming growth factor-β expression through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Experimental dermatology, 24(1), 42-47.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Lee, K. W. (2013). Acetyl tetrapeptide-9 stimulates type I collagen and transforming growth factor-β expression through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in normal human dermal fibroblasts. International journal of cosmetic science, 35(2), 205-210.

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate:

Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate is a synthetic ester derived from stearic acid and 2-ethylhexanol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate is primarily used in skincare and haircare products as a moisturizing agent. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and supple. In haircare products, it can help to improve the texture and manageability of the hair.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate:

Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and hair conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for use and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate" Cosmetics Info, cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexyl-hydroxystearate

- "Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate" Truth In Aging, truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexyl-hydroxystearate

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate as Used in Cosmetics" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexyl%20hydroxystearate.pdf

1. Definition Polyacrylamide:

Polyacrylamide is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and film-former. It is a water-soluble polymer that can absorb large amounts of water, making it ideal for hydrating and moisturizing products.

2. Use:

Polyacrylamide is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products, allowing for a smooth and even application. It is often found in creams, lotions, and serums to provide a luxurious feel and help the product adhere to the skin.

3. Usage Polyacrylamide:

When using cosmetics containing polyacrylamide, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for use on the skin, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. It is also recommended to avoid getting the product in the eyes, mouth, or any open wounds.

4. References:

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B. A., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2014). Safety assessment of acrylamide and polyacrylamides as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 33(2_suppl), 3S-22S.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2005). Final report on the safety assessment of polyacrylamide. International journal of toxicology, 24(2_suppl), 21-50.

- Lode, O., & Dufour, P. (2012). Polyacrylamides in cosmetics: a risk for human health?. Contact dermatitis, 66(6), 330-331.

1. Definition Polysilicone 8:

Polysilicone-8 is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics for its conditioning and emollient properties. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Polysilicone-8 is often used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent to create a smooth, silky finish on the skin. It is also used to enhance the spreadability of products, making them easier to apply and blend. Additionally, polysilicone-8 can help to improve the longevity of makeup by forming a barrier on the skin that helps to lock in moisture and prevent makeup from fading or smudging throughout the day.

3. Usage Polysilicone 8:

When using cosmetics containing polysilicone-8, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before using products containing polysilicone-8 to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- "Polysilicone-8" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysilicone-8

- "Safety and efficacy of Polysilicone-8 in cosmetic products" National Center for Biotechnology Information, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26403473

- "The role of Polysilicone-8 in modern cosmetics" International Journal of Cosmetic Science, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ics.12438

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

1. Definition Methylparaben:

Methylparaben is a type of paraben, which is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in alcohol and slightly soluble in water.

2. Use:

Methylparaben is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products, including lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, and makeup. It helps to extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Methylparaben:

Methylparaben is typically used at concentrations of 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics and personal care products. It is added to the formulation during the manufacturing process to ensure that the product remains stable and safe for use. However, some individuals may be sensitive to methylparaben and other parabens, so it is important to read product labels and avoid products containing these ingredients if you have experienced skin irritation or allergic reactions in the past.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report of the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(4), 1-82.

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2011). Opinion on parabens. European Commission, Health & Consumers Directorate-General.

- Soni, M. G., Carabin, I. G., & Burdock, G. A. (2005). Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43(7), 985-1015.

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

1. Definition Chlorhexidine Digluconate:

Chlorhexidine Digluconate is a chemical compound commonly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in various skincare and cosmetic products. It is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, making it effective against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

2. Use:

Chlorhexidine Digluconate is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to cleanse and sanitize the skin. It is commonly found in products such as facial cleansers, hand sanitizers, mouthwashes, and wound care solutions. Due to its antiseptic properties, it helps to prevent infections and promote healing in skincare products.

3. Usage Chlorhexidine Digluconate:

When using products containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is typically applied topically to the skin or mucous membranes, and should not be ingested. It is important to avoid contact with eyes, as it can cause irritation and damage. Additionally, prolonged or frequent use of products containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate may lead to skin sensitivity or allergic reactions in some individuals.

4. References:

- Kosek, J., & Mazurek, M. (2010). Chlorhexidine Digluconate: Properties, Applications and Regulatory Issues. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 37(12), 1247-1256.

- Gilbert, P., & Moore, L. E. (2005). Cationic Antiseptics: Diversity of Action under a Common Epithet. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 99(4), 703-715.

- Khakimova, M., Ahlgren, H. G., Harrison, J. J., English, A. M., Nguyen, D., & Parsek, M. R. (2013). The Non-identity of a Cationic Antiseptic and the Chlorhexidine Digluconate-Specific Response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiology, 159(12), 2484-2497.

1. Definition Ethylparaben:

Ethylparaben is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to extend their shelf life by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. It belongs to the paraben family, which also includes methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben.

2. Use:

Ethylparaben is added to a wide range of cosmetics such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup products to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage. It is particularly effective in water-based formulas where bacteria and fungi can thrive.

3. Usage Ethylparaben:

While ethylparaben is considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory agencies such as the FDA and the European Commission, some studies have raised concerns about its potential health risks. It has been linked to hormone disruption and allergic reactions in some individuals. Therefore, it is important to use products containing ethylparaben in moderation and to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies.

4. References:

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2005). Opinion on Parabens. European Commission.

- Darbre, P. D., & Harvey, P. W. (2008). Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 28(5), 561-578.

- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). (2019). Parabens in Cosmetics. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

1. Definition Bismuth Oxychloride:

Bismuth Oxychloride is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics for its shimmering and pearlescent properties. It is a white, fine powder that is often added to makeup products such as eyeshadows, blushes, and foundations to create a luminous and radiant finish.

2. Use:

Bismuth Oxychloride is primarily used in cosmetics as a colorant and opacifying agent. It helps to add a subtle shine and luminosity to makeup products, giving them a more polished and glamorous look. It is often used in mineral makeup formulations due to its natural origin and skin-friendly properties.

3. Usage Bismuth Oxychloride:

When using cosmetics containing Bismuth Oxychloride, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or redness when using products with this ingredient, especially if they have sensitive skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur.

Precautions should also be taken to avoid inhaling the powder form of Bismuth Oxychloride, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system. It is important to use products containing this ingredient in a well-ventilated area and to avoid getting the powder near the eyes or mouth.

4. References:

- "Bismuth Oxychloride in Cosmetics: Is it Safe?" by Paula Begoun, https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/ingredients/bismuth-oxychloride-in-cosmetics.html

- "Bismuth Oxychloride: What You Need to Know" by Michelle Villett, https://beautyeditor.ca/2013/06/14/bismuth-oxychloride

- "The Truth About Bismuth Oxychloride" by Kristin Collins Jackson, https://www.byrdie.com/bismuth-oxychloride-4770898

1. Definition CI 77491:

CI 77491 is a cosmetic colorant that is also known as Iron Oxide Red. It is a red pigment that is commonly used in makeup products such as eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks.

2. Use:

CI 77491 is used in cosmetics to provide a red color to the product. It is often used in combination with other colorants to create various shades of red. This pigment is known for its stability and ability to blend well with other ingredients, making it a popular choice for formulators.

3. Usage CI 77491:

When using products containing CI 77491, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)

- "Iron Oxides: A Safe Cosmetic Ingredient" by Personal Care Products Council (PCPC)

1. Definition CI 77492:

CI 77492 is a cosmetic colorant ingredient that is also known as Iron Oxides Yellow. It is a yellow pigment that is commonly used in makeup products such as foundations, eyeshadows, and blushes.

2. Use:

CI 77492 is used in cosmetics to provide a yellow color to the product. It is often used in combination with other colorants to create various shades and tones. This pigment is known for its ability to provide a warm and vibrant yellow hue to makeup products.

3. Usage CI 77492:

When using products containing CI 77492, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes and mucous membranes to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" by U.S. Food and Drug Administration

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

1. Definition Mica:

Mica is a naturally occurring mineral that is used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is commonly found in a variety of makeup products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and blushes.

2. Use:

Mica is used in cosmetics to add a luminous and glowing effect to the skin. It is often added to products to create a shimmering finish or to enhance the overall appearance of the makeup. Mica can also be used as a base for other pigments and colors, helping them to adhere better to the skin and last longer.

3. Usage Mica:

When using products containing mica, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the mineral. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain mica. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, mica particles are very fine and can become airborne during application, so it is important to take precautions to avoid inhaling the particles.

4. References:

- "Mica in Cosmetics" by FDA: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/mica-cosmetics

- "The Truth About Mica" by Environmental Working Group: https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701179-MICA/

- "Mica: The glittering dangers in your makeup bag" by The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/jul/24/mica-electronics-cosmetics-india-child-labour-minerals

1. Definition Linalool:

Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.

3. Usage Linalool:

When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.

- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

1. Definition Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde:

Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, also known as Lyral, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent and is often used to add a fresh and clean aroma to various products.

2. Use:

Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its long-lasting scent and ability to enhance the overall fragrance profile of a product.

3. Usage Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde:

When using products containing Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this fragrance compound. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. European Commission, 2018.

- CosmeticsInfo.org. Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydroxyisohexyl-3-cyclohexene-carboxaldehyde

- Personal Care Council. Safety Assessment of Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2013.

1. Definition Butylphenyl Methylpropional:

Butylphenyl Methylpropional, also known as Lilial, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent reminiscent of lily of the valley.

2. Use:

Butylphenyl Methylpropional is used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a fresh and floral scent to products, enhancing their overall sensory appeal.

3. Usage Butylphenyl Methylpropional:

When using products containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this fragrance ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2018). Opinion on Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_232.pdf

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylphenyl-methylpropional

- Environmental Working Group (EWG). (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702319-BUTYLPHENYL_METHYLPROPIONAL/

1. Definition Benzyl Salicylate:

Benzyl Salicylate is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint floral odor. It is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent reminiscent of jasmine and lily of the valley.

2. Use:

Benzyl Salicylate is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a sweet, floral aroma to formulations and enhance the overall sensory experience of the product.

3. Usage Benzyl Salicylate:

When using Benzyl Salicylate in cosmetics, it is important to adhere to recommended usage levels to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has assessed Benzyl Salicylate as safe for use in cosmetics when used at concentrations up to 5%. However, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Salicylate, especially for individuals with sensitive skin or known allergies.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Safety Assessment of Benzyl Salicylate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylsal0513.pdf

- European Commission. (2018). CosIng - Cosmetic Ingredients Database. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=19285

- Personal Care Products Council. (n.d.). Benzyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ingredient-monographs/benzyl-salicylate/