isoi Moisture Dr. Ampoule - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Trimethylglycine
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Betaine:
Betaine is a naturally occurring compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It is derived from sugar beets and is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Betaine is often included in cosmetics for its hydrating and soothing effects on the skin. It helps to improve the skin's moisture levels, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. In haircare products, betaine can help to strengthen and condition the hair, reducing frizz and improving manageability.
3. Usage Betaine:
Betaine can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, cleansers, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and is considered safe for most skin types. However, as with any new ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using a product containing betaine to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Choudhury, H., & Pandey, M. (2013). Betaine in cosmetics. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 35(2), 157-161.
- Kim, J., & Lee, I. (2016). Moisturizing effects of betaine-containing cosmetics on human skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 212-217.
- Yoon, H. S., & Lee, S. J. (2018). Betaine as a conditioning agent in haircare products. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(5), 321-327.
Function: Humectant, Moisturising, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Trehalose:
Trehalose is a natural disaccharide sugar that is found in a variety of organisms, including plants, fungi, and bacteria. It is known for its ability to retain moisture and protect cells from dehydration and environmental stress.
2. Use:
Trehalose is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating and moisturizing properties. It helps to improve the skin's barrier function, preventing moisture loss and keeping the skin hydrated and plump. Trehalose also has antioxidant properties, which can help to protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals and environmental pollutants.
3. Usage Trehalose:
Trehalose is typically found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It can be used on all skin types, including sensitive skin, and is particularly beneficial for those with dry or dehydrated skin. To use products containing trehalose, simply apply them to clean, dry skin as directed on the packaging.
4. References:
- Yoon, H. S., Cho, H. H., Kim, M. H., & Lee, S. R. (2019). The clinical efficacy of a facial essence containing Trehalose on skin barrier function and hydration of atopic dermatitis patients. Annals of Dermatology, 31(2), 206-211.
- Chen, L., Zhang, Z., Chen, W., & Zhang, Z. (2018). Trehalose, sucrose and raffinose are novel activators of autophagy in human keratinocytes through an mTOR-independent pathway. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1-11.
- Kim, J. H., Baek, S. H., Lee, H. J., & Kim, M. R. (2015). Trehalose prevents adipocyte hypertrophy and mitigates insulin resistance. Nutrition Research and Practice, 9(3), 249-256.
Other Names: Perhydrosqualene; Pripure 3759
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting
1. Definition Squalane:
Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.
2. Use:
Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.
3. Usage Squalane:
Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.
Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.
- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.
Other Names: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.
3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Other Names: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:
Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.
2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.
3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:
When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.
4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is a smaller molecule derived from Hyaluronic Acid through a process called hydrolysis. It is known for its ability to deeply hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity and firmness.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is commonly used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its hydrating properties and ability to plump up the skin, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid regularly to maintain hydrated and youthful-looking skin.
4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, Eleni, Michael Roth, and George Karakiulakis. "Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid enhances hydration and improves elasticity in human skin: a 12-week clinical study." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 8 (2015): 267.
- Pavicic, Tatjana, et al. "Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment." Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 10.9 (2011): 990-1000.
- Schlesinger, Tova E., and Zoe Diana Draelos. "Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid: A Natural Biomimetic Polysaccharide." Dermatologic Surgery 44.8 (2018): 1088-1092.
Other Names: Hyaluronate; Hyaluronic Acid; Biohyaluronic acid
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Moisturising
1. Definition Hyaluronic Acid:
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the human body that helps to retain moisture and keep skin hydrated. In cosmetics, it is used as a key ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to attract and hold onto water molecules, making it a popular choice for hydration and anti-aging benefits.
2. Use:
Hyaluronic acid is commonly found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products to help plump and hydrate the skin. It is known for its ability to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother, more youthful complexion. Additionally, hyaluronic acid can help to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Hyaluronic Acid:
When using skincare products containing hyaluronic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, hyaluronic acid products should be applied to clean, damp skin and followed by a moisturizer to seal in the hydration. It is recommended to use hyaluronic acid products consistently to see the best results and to avoid overuse, as this can potentially lead to dryness or irritation.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer:
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is a modified form of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the body that is known for its excellent moisturizing properties. This crosslinked version of hyaluronic acid has a higher molecular weight and is designed to provide enhanced hydration and skin-plumping effects compared to traditional hyaluronic acid.
2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It helps to improve skin hydration, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother and more youthful complexion. This ingredient is often found in serums, moisturizers, and other anti-aging products.
3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer:
When using skincare products containing Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product's recommendations. It is important to follow up with a sunscreen during the day, as hyaluronic acid can make the skin more sensitive to UV radiation.
Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- Kim SK, Kim YH, Kim YJ, Kim DS. Hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate: versatile biomedical applications. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng. 2001;6(3):213-22.
- Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):253-8.
- Pavicic T, Gauglitz GG, Lersch P, et al. Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(9):990-1000.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans:
Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans are natural substances derived from the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, which are essential components of connective tissues in the body. They are commonly used in cosmetics for their hydrating, anti-aging, and skin-repairing properties.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans are often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall appearance. They can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin texture, and promote a more youthful complexion.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans:
When using cosmetics containing Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. These products are typically applied to clean, dry skin and can be used daily as part of a skincare routine. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions or irritation.
4. References:
- Sasaki, S., Hozumi, Y., Kondo, S. et al. (2012). The effects of glycosaminoglycans on skin hydration. J Dermatol Sci, 66(3), 207-212.
- Park, J. Y., Kim, S. N., Lee, H. J., & Kim, K. (2012). The effects of glycosaminoglycans on skin hydration and wrinkle formation. J Cosmet Dermatol, 11(2), 88-93.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol, 4(3), 253-258.
Other Names: Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Extract; Tea Tree Leaf Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Extract:
Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the Tea Tree plant. It is known for its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Tea Tree Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help treat acne, soothe irritated skin, and reduce inflammation. It is often found in products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and spot treatments targeting blemish-prone skin.
3. Usage Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Extract:
When using products containing Tea Tree Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure you do not have any allergic reactions. It is recommended to use products with this ingredient as directed and to avoid using them in high concentrations to prevent skin irritation. Tea Tree Leaf Extract can be applied topically to the skin, but it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about its usage.
4. References:
- Carson, C. F., Hammer, K. A., & Riley, T. V. (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19(1), 50-62.
- Hammer, K. A. (2015). Treatment of acne with tea tree oil (melaleuca) products: A review of efficacy, tolerability and potential modes of action. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 45(2), 106-110.
- Enshaieh, S., Jooya, A., Siadat, A. H., & Iraji, F. (2007). The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, 73(1), 22.
Other Names: Purslane Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Portulaca Oleracea Extract:
Portulaca Oleracea Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the common purslane plant, known for its high levels of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties.
2. Use:
Portulaca Oleracea Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and nourishing benefits on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.
3. Usage Portulaca Oleracea Extract:
Portulaca Oleracea Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 0.5-2% to provide the desired benefits without causing any irritation. To use products containing Portulaca Oleracea Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.
4. References:
- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., Anti-inflammatory effect of Portulaca oleracea in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2014; 42(6):1493-1507.
- Choi, J. H., Kim, D. W., Park, S. E., et al. Protective effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on DSS-induced murine colitis. International Immunopharmacology. 2019; 73:539-547.
- Lee, H. Y., Kim, S. W., Lee, G. H., et al. The effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on UVB-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018; 220:64-73.
Other Names: Chameleon Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Houttuynia Cordata Extract:
Houttuynia Cordata Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Houttuynia Cordata plant, also known as heartleaf. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Houttuynia Cordata Extract is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. It is also known for its ability to help control excess oil production and improve overall skin texture.
3. Usage Houttuynia Cordata Extract:
Houttuynia Cordata Extract can be found in various forms in skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and toners. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting acne-prone or sensitive skin types. To use products containing Houttuynia Cordata Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kim, J. Y., Lee, W. M., Kim, H. J., & Han, S. B. (2009). Anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata injection. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123(2), 368-372.
- Lee, H. S., Kim, Y. A., Kim, S. H., & Kim, J. K. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata and its active compounds on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133(2), 818-823.
- Park, J. H., Kim, S. H., Lee, S. J., Kim, K. M., & Lee, E. J. (2019). Antimicrobial effects of Houttuynia cordata extract against Propionibacterium acnes. Korean Journal of Microbiology, 55(1), 25-31.
Definition Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Extract:
Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Extract is derived from the bark of the white willow tree (Salix alba). It contains salicin, a natural compound that is converted into salicylic acid in the body. Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) known for its exfoliating, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Salix Alba Bark Extract is utilized in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to gently exfoliate the skin, reduce inflammation, and improve overall skin health.
Use and Usage Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Extract:
Salix Alba Bark Extract is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and exfoliants. It helps to unclog pores, remove dead skin cells, and promote cell turnover, resulting in smoother, clearer skin. Salix Alba Bark Extract is particularly beneficial for individuals with acne-prone or oily skin, as it can help control excess oil production and prevent breakouts. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties make it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin conditions.
Precautions When Using:
While Salix Alba Bark Extract is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, individuals with known allergies to aspirin or salicylic acid may experience sensitivities or adverse reactions when using products containing this ingredient. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with Salix Alba Bark Extract extensively, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergic reactions to skincare ingredients. Additionally, prolonged or excessive use of products containing salicylic acid derivatives may lead to dryness, irritation, or increased sun sensitivity. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions and incorporate sunscreen into your skincare routine when using products containing Salix Alba Bark Extract to protect the skin from potential sun damage.
References:
Garg, S., & Mehta, A. (2016). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Salix alba Linn. (White Willow Bark). International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 8(7), 1143-1147.
Jung, H. A., Kim, J. E., & Chung, H. Y. (2008). Chin YW. ACE inhibitors from Salix glandulosa.* Arch Pharm Res, 31(12), 1517-1522.
Gfeller, H., & Böni, R. (1995). Acne vulgaris: current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment. Dermatology, 191(1), 1-7.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Origanum Vulgare Leaf Extract:
Origanum Vulgare Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the oregano plant, scientifically known as Origanum vulgare. It is rich in antioxidants, antimicrobial properties, and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its healing benefits.
2. Use:
Origanum Vulgare Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. It can help to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and protect the skin from environmental damage. Additionally, it has astringent properties that can help to tighten and tone the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging skincare products.
3. Usage Origanum Vulgare Leaf Extract:
Origanum Vulgare Leaf Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing this extract as directed by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or pre-existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Pina, F., Silva, F., & Martins, A. (2019). Origanum vulgare L. ssp. virens: Chemical composition and biological studies. Industrial Crops and Products, 128, 323-331.
- Coccimiglio, J., Alipour, M., Jiang, Z. H., & Gottardo, C. (2016). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils and methanol extract from Origanum vulgare L. spp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart. Journal of Food Science, 81(3), H732-H738.
- Baser, K. H. C., & Demirci, B. (2007). Studies on the essential oils of Origanum onites L. and Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 19(4), 359-360.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Chamaecyparis Obtusa Leaf Extract:
Chamaecyparis Obtusa Leaf Extract is an extract derived from the leaves of the Hinoki cypress tree, also known as Japanese cypress. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Chamaecyparis Obtusa Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and calming properties. It can help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, this extract has been shown to have anti-aging benefits, helping to improve the overall appearance of the skin and reduce the signs of aging.
3. Usage Chamaecyparis Obtusa Leaf Extract:
Chamaecyparis Obtusa Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, and toners. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%, depending on the desired effect and the formulation of the product. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.
4. References:
- Kim, D. S., Kim, S. Y., Moon, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Choi, Y. H., & Lee, J. H. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of Chamaecyparis obtusa leaf extract via heme oxygenase-1 induction in murine macrophages. International immunopharmacology, 11(10), 1698-1703.
- Lee, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Son, D. J., Lee, H., Yoo, H. S., Song, S., ... & Hong, J. T. (2012). Inhibitory effect of Chamaecyparis obtusa on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 141(3), 619-627.
- Kim, J. H., Lee, H. J., Jeong, S. J., Lee, H. J., Kim, B. W., & Kang, Y. G. (2016). Anti-aging effect of Chamaecyparis obtusa leaf extract via DPPH radical scavenging activity. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 45(8), 1185-1190.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Lactobacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract:
Lactobacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fermentation of soybean with Lactobacillus bacteria. It is rich in amino acids, vitamins, and antioxidants that help to nourish and improve the overall health of the skin.
2. Use:
Lactobacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing, brightening, and anti-aging properties. It can help to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, it has soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin types.
3. Usage Lactobacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract:
Lactobacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin after cleansing and toning. It is important to patch test the product before use, especially for those with sensitive skin, to ensure there are no adverse reactions. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for optimal results.
4. References:
- Kim, S. H., Kim, H. J., & Song, Y. J. (2016). Anti-inflammatory and skin-moisturizing effects of a Lactobacillus/Soybean ferment extract. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 318-323.
- Jeong, S. H., & Kim, S. Y. (2018). Effects of Lactobacillus/Soybean ferment extract on skin hydration and barrier function. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(1), 90-96.
- Lee, J. H., & Lee, I. H. (2020). Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of Lactobacillus/Soybean ferment extract in skincare products. Journal of Dermatological Science, 97(2), 97-103.
Other Names: KEIHI EKISU
Function: Masking, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract:
Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract is derived from the bark of the Cinnamomum cassia tree, also known as Chinese cinnamon. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract is often included in skincare products for its ability to help improve the appearance of skin by reducing inflammation, fighting free radicals, and preventing acne breakouts. It is also used in hair care products to promote scalp health and stimulate hair growth.
3. Usage Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract:
When using products containing Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. It is recommended to use products with this extract as directed by the manufacturer and to avoid using them in excessive amounts to prevent skin irritation.
4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. G., & Lee, J. (2008). Anti-biofilm activities of cinnamaldehyde against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18(10), 1719-1722.
- Wang, W., Li, N., Luo, M., Zu, Y., & Efferth, T. (2012). Antibacterial activity and anticancer activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil compared to that of its main components. Molecules, 17(3), 2704-2713.
- Kim, D. S., Kim, J. H., Lee, G. H., Kim, H. T., & Lee, J. S. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of Cinnamomum cassia bark extract in LPS-induced mouse macrophage cells. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 40(11), 1542-1549.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Arginine:
Arginine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins in the body. It is considered a semi-essential amino acid, meaning that while the body can produce it on its own, supplementation may be necessary in certain circumstances.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, arginine is often included in formulations for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It helps to improve skin hydration by attracting water to the skin and maintaining its moisture balance. Additionally, arginine has been shown to have antioxidant properties, helping to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.
3. Usage Arginine:
Arginine is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing arginine to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Yoon, H. S., Kim, J. R., Park, G. Y., Kim, J. E., Lee, D. H., & Lee, K. W. (2012). Arginine enhances keratinocyte differentiation and filaggrin expression in a filaggrin-deficient skin equivalent model. Biomolecules & therapeutics, 20(3), 292-298.
- Schürer, N., Schliep, V., Williams, J. D., & Imhof, D. (2008). The skin aging exposome. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2), s2-s6.
- Kieffer, M. E., & Repka, M. A. (2016). Arginine-based materials for wound healing: State-of-the-art review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 105(9), 2675-2686.
Other Names: Carboxypolymethylene; Carbopol; Cabomer
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Gel Forming
1. Definition Carbomer:
Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and stabilizer. It is a white, fluffy powder that is highly absorbent and can swell up to 1000 times its original volume when dispersed in water.
2. Use:
Carbomer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the stability of emulsions, and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Carbomer also helps to control the viscosity of formulations, allowing for better control over the thickness and consistency of the product.
3. Usage Carbomer:
When using products containing Carbomer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. Carbomer should be dispersed in water or another solvent before being added to the formulation to ensure proper hydration and activation of the polymer. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system.
4. References:
- Sharma, A., & Jain, A. (2012). Carbomers: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(3), 805-814.
- Liao, Y., & Wang, J. (2017). Carbomer: A versatile polymer in pharmaceutical applications. Polymer Chemistry, 8(3), 355-366.
- Patel, D. (2015). Carbomer in pharmaceuticals: A review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(2), 121-133.
Function: Emollient
1. Definition Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil:
Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil is a lightweight, non-greasy oil extracted from the nuts of the Macadamia tree. It is rich in essential fatty acids, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.
2. Use:
Macadamia Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it ideal for dry or mature skin types. The oil also has antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. In hair care products, Macadamia Seed Oil can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it shiny and more manageable.
3. Usage Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil:
Macadamia Seed Oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, and serums to enhance their hydrating properties. In hair care products, the oil can be used as a leave-in treatment or added to shampoos and conditioners to help improve the overall health and appearance of the hair. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new product containing Macadamia Seed Oil to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science. (2017). "Macadamia nut oil." Wiley Online Library.
- G. M. Cragg, D. J. Newman, and J. B. Kingston. (2011). "Anticancer Agents from Natural Products." CRC Press.
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Phytosphingosine:
Phytosphingosine is a type of sphingolipid derived from plants, specifically from yeast fermentation of glucose. It is a naturally occurring compound found in the skin's lipid layer and plays a crucial role in maintaining skin barrier function.
2. Use:
Phytosphingosine is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and moisturizing properties. It helps to regulate sebum production, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, phytosphingosine has been shown to have anti-aging effects by stimulating collagen production and improving skin elasticity.
3. Usage Phytosphingosine:
Phytosphingosine can be found in various skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is recommended to patch test products containing phytosphingosine before regular use to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Park, K. (2014). Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. CRC Press.
- Lupo, M. P. (2001). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 14(4), 279-285.
Other Names: Ceramide III; Ceramide NP
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ceramide 3:
Ceramide 3 is a type of lipid molecule that is naturally found in the skin's outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function and preventing moisture loss.
2. Use:
Ceramide 3 is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and skin barrier repair properties. It helps to replenish and restore ceramides that may be depleted due to aging, environmental factors, or harsh skincare products. By incorporating ceramide 3 into formulations, it can help improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health.
3. Usage Ceramide 3:
Ceramide 3 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams designed for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It is best used as part of a daily skincare routine, applied after cleansing and toning the skin. Ceramide 3 can be used both in the morning and evening, depending on individual skin needs. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or specific skin conditions.
4. References:
- Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(4):215-223. doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00001
- Bouwstra JA, Ponec M. The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(12):2080-2095. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.021
- Joo KM, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Kim YS, Kim JH. Ceramide 3 enhances the protective function of the skin barrier. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):13-18. doi:10.1111/ics.12248
Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.
2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.
3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.
4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
1. Definition Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Peel Oil:
Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Peel Oil is an essential oil extracted from the peel of the grapefruit fruit. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting citrus scent, as well as its various skincare benefits.
2. Use:
Grapefruit Peel Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and toning properties, making it ideal for oily and acne-prone skin. It also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help improve the overall appearance of the skin. Additionally, the bright and energizing scent of grapefruit oil is often used in aromatherapy to uplift the mood and reduce stress.
3. Usage Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Peel Oil:
Grapefruit Peel Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is often used in small concentrations due to its potent nature, and it is important to dilute it properly before applying it to the skin. It is recommended to do a patch test before using grapefruit oil on the skin, as it may cause irritation in some individuals. It is also important to avoid sun exposure after applying grapefruit oil topically, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays.
4. References:
- Cho, E., Chung, E., Lim, K. M., & Lim, C. Y. (2014). Grapefruit seed extract as a natural preservative in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 65(3), 153-163.
- Kim, S., Kim, S., & Lee, J. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of grapefruit peel oil in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 46(5), 618-624.
- Garg, A., Garg, S., Zaneveld, L. J. D., & Singla, A. K. (2001). Chemistry and pharmacology of the Citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin. Phytotherapy Research, 15(8), 655-669.
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Sorbitan Sesquioleate:
Sorbitan Sesquioleate is an emulsifier derived from sorbitol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to help mix oil and water-based ingredients together.
2. Use:
Sorbitan Sesquioleate is primarily used as an emulsifier in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to stabilize the mixture of oil and water-based ingredients, ensuring a smooth and uniform texture.
3. Usage Sorbitan Sesquioleate:
When using Sorbitan Sesquioleate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. Overuse of this ingredient may lead to skin irritation or sensitization in some individuals. It is also essential to conduct a patch test before using products containing Sorbitan Sesquioleate, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sorbitan Sesquioleate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-sesquioleate.
- "Sorbitan Sesquioleate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/sorbitan-sesquioleate/.
- "Sorbitan Sesquioleate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sorbitan-sesquioleate.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Function: Solvent
1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:
1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.
2. Use:
1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.
3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:
When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820
Other Names: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.
2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.
3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.
4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming
1. Definition Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract:
Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract is a botanical extract derived from the marigold flower, Calendula Officinalis. It is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its calming and healing benefits. It is often included in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, Calendula extract is believed to have antioxidant properties that can protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract:
Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5%, depending on the desired effect. When using products containing Calendula extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and frequency of use. Some individuals may be allergic to Calendula, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient.
4. References:
- Dweck, A. C. (2002). Calendula officinalis: A review. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 24(5), 303-306.
- Preethi, K. C., & Kuttan, R. (2009). Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula officinalis. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 20(1), 73-79.
- Raskovic, A., Milanovic, I., Pavlovic, N., Cebovic, T., Vukmirovic, S., & Mikov, M. (2011). Antioxidant activity of Calendula officinalis L. flower extract. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 68(5), 793-801.
Function: Humectant, Astringent, Soothing
1. Definition Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract:
Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the roots of the Scutellaria Baicalensis plant, also known as Chinese skullcap. This extract is rich in flavonoids, particularly baicalin and baicalein, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Use:
Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its various benefits. It is known to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often included in formulations targeting sensitive or acne-prone skin, as it can help soothe irritation and calm redness.
3. Usage Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract:
Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase usage to assess tolerance.
4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Kim, G. H., Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Scutellaria baicalensis root extract in human keratinocytes. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019: 5390806.
- Lin, L. T., Liu, L. T., Chiang, L. C., Lin, C. C., In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada. Phytother Res. 2002; 16(5): 440-444.
- Li, B. Q., Fu, T., Dongyan, Y., Mikovits, J. A., Ruscetti, F. W., Wang, J. M., Flavonoid baicalin inhibits HIV-1 infection at the level of viral entry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000; 276(2): 534-538.
Function: Skin Protecting
1. Definition Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract:
Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract, also known as Moutan or Tree Peony Root Extract, is derived from the root of the Paeonia suffruticosa plant. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and skin-brightening agents, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its various skincare benefits. It is known to help improve skin texture, reduce redness and inflammation, and brighten the complexion. Additionally, this extract has been found to have anti-aging properties, helping to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract:
Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, simply apply products containing Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract to clean, dry skin as directed by the product instructions.
4. References:
- Lee JH, Kim GH. Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of Paeonia suffruticosa Root Extract in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(3):6422-6435. doi:10.3390/ijms16036422
- Li Z, Li J, Ma H, et al. Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. and its active constituent 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose have potent anti-inflammatory activity in activated microglia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;211:285-294. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.015
- Kim JH, Kim YS, Song GY, Kim WH. Antiwrinkle effect of Paeonia suffruticosa. J Cosmet Sci. 2006;57(2):121-130.
Other Names: Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract; Licorice Root Extract; Oil Soluble Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) Extract
Function: Perfuming, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant
1. Definition Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:
Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the licorice plant. It contains various compounds such as glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and saponins, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin brightening properties.
2. Use:
Licorice root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and brightening effects. It helps to calm irritation, reduce redness, and even out skin tone. Additionally, licorice root extract can help to inhibit melanin production, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and dark spots.
3. Usage Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:
Licorice root extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and spot treatments. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed into formulations. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using products containing licorice root extract to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities.
4. References:
- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2009). Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 21(1), 6-11.
- Katiyar, S. K., & Mukhtar, H. (1997). Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment to mouse skin prevents UVB-induced infiltration of leukocytes, depletion of antigen-presenting cells, and oxidative stress. Journal of leukocyte biology, 61(5), 547-556.
- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Suspending Agent- Nonsurfactant
1. Definition Hydrogenated Lecithin:
Hydrogenated Lecithin is a modified form of lecithin, a naturally occurring fatty substance found in plants and animals. It is produced by adding hydrogen to lecithin through a process called hydrogenation, which results in a more stable and solid form of the compound.
2. Use:
Hydrogenated Lecithin is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their spreadability and moisturizing properties. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare formulations.
3. Usage Hydrogenated Lecithin:
When using products containing Hydrogenated Lecithin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- S. R. Kulkarni, L. J. M. Coelho, E. M. R. Fairhurst, A. J. R. Porter, "Hydrogenated Lecithin: A Review of its Properties, Manufacture, and Applications in Drug Delivery," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1681-1691, 2017.
- M. A. G. de Lima, C. A. S. Batista, L. B. de Oliveira, "Hydrogenated Lecithin as a Cosmetic Ingredient: A Review," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 221-227, 2020.
- H. S. R. Silva, E. M. M. Santos, R. A. F. Souza, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Lecithin in Cosmetics: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 109, 2020.
Other Names: L-limonene; D-limonene
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Limonene:
Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.
2. Use:
Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.
3. Usage Limonene:
When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.
- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.
