PureHeal's Ginseng Berry Eye Lift Patch

1. Definition Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum:

Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum is a natural plant-based ingredient derived from the seeds of the guar plant. It is a water-soluble polysaccharide that is commonly used as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier in various cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Guar gum is widely used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in lotions, creams, and gels, and can also enhance the spreadability of formulations. Guar gum is often used in hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners to provide conditioning benefits and improve the manageability of the hair.

3. Usage Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum:

Guar gum should be used in cosmetics according to the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing guar gum to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to properly disperse guar gum in water before adding it to formulations to prevent clumping and ensure even distribution.

4. References:

- Sharma, P., & Sharma, S. (2012). Evaluation of guar gum as a binder in the formulation of metronidazole tablets. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(3), 515-520.

- Amin, M. C. I. M., Ahmad, N., & Halib, N. (2015). Guar gum as potential natural polymer for the development of floating drug delivery systems: A review. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 23(4), 577-587.

- Shah, P., & Mishra, S. (2018). Plant-based natural gums and mucilages in pharmaceutical excipients and drug delivery systems. In Handbook of Polymers for Pharmaceutical Technologies (pp. 377-401). John Wiley & Sons.

1. Definition Allium Sativum (Garlic) Bulb Extract:

Allium Sativum (Garlic) Bulb Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the bulb of the garlic plant. It is known for its potent antioxidant properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

2. Use:

Garlic bulb extract is used in cosmetics for its various benefits, including its ability to help fight against free radicals, which can cause damage to the skin and accelerate the aging process. It is also known for its antibacterial and antifungal properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to target acne and other skin conditions. Additionally, garlic extract can help to improve skin texture and tone, leaving the skin looking more radiant and youthful.

3. Usage Allium Sativum (Garlic) Bulb Extract:

When using products containing garlic bulb extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any skincare ingredient, it is best to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin reacts.

4. References:

- Sharifi-Rad, J., et al. (2017). Allium sativum and its health effects: A review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 20(2), 110-121.

- Kim, J. Y., et al. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of garlic extract in Atopic Dermatitis-like skin lesions. Journal of Medicinal Food, 22(1), 67-77.

- Rahman, K. (2003). Historical perspective on garlic and cardiovascular disease. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(3), 977S-979S.

1. Definition Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract:

Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract, also known as Acai Berry Extract, is derived from the fruit of the Acai palm tree native to the Amazon rainforest. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-nourishing and protective properties. It helps to combat free radicals, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. The extract is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract:

Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients. To maximize the benefits of the extract, it is recommended to use products containing Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract consistently as part of a daily skincare routine.

4. References:

- Costa A, Sampaio K, Siani A. Antioxidant activity and mechanisms of action of natural compounds isolated from lichens: a systematic review. Molecules. 2019;24(2):371. doi:10.3390/molecules24020371

- Schauss AG, Wu X, Prior RL, et al. Antioxidant capacity and other bioactivities of the freeze-dried Amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae mart. (acai). J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(22):8604-8610. doi:10.1021/jf0609779

- Pacheco-Palencia LA, Mertens-Talcott S, Talcott ST. Chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and thermal stability of a phytochemical enriched oil from Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(12):4631-4636. doi:10.1021/jf800161u

1. Definition Morus Nigra Fruit Extract:

Morus Nigra Fruit Extract is derived from the black mulberry plant, scientifically known as Morus nigra. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer various skin benefits.

2. Use:

Morus Nigra Fruit Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and even out skin tone. The extract also has brightening properties, making it effective in reducing hyperpigmentation and dark spots.

3. Usage Morus Nigra Fruit Extract:

Morus Nigra Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Morus Nigra Fruit Extract to protect the skin from further damage.

4. References:

- Kim, J. H., Baek, S. H., Kim, D. H., Choi, T. Y., Yoon, T. J., Hwang, J. S., ... & Lee, H. J. (2011). Mulberroside F isolated from the leaves of Morus alba inhibits melanin biosynthesis. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 34(3), 354-357.

- Lee, S. J., Kim, J. S., Lee, H. S., Lee, S., & Shin, T. Y. (2003). Anti-allergic effect of Morus alba on IgE-mediated activation of mast cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 182(1), 44-49.

- Kang, T. H., Pae, H. O., Jeong, S. J., Yoo, J. C., Choi, B. M., Jun, C. D., ... & Chung, H. T. (2006). Morin, a plant flavonoid, induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through the activation of Fas signaling pathway. International Journal of Cancer, 119(10), 2333-2340.

1. Definition Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract:

Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract is derived from the Korean black raspberry plant, which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy, radiant complexion.

2. Use:

Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract is often included in skincare formulations for its skin-soothing and brightening effects. It can help to reduce redness, inflammation, and signs of aging, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and brightening products. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help to protect the skin from free radical damage and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract:

Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%, depending on the desired effects. To incorporate Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract into your skincare routine, simply apply products containing the extract to clean, dry skin, and follow up with a moisturizer.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Kim, G. H., & Ahn, J. H. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Rubus coreanus Miquel. extract. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 41(6), e12391.

- Park, J. H., Lee, J. Y., & Lee, D. U. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract on RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 42(4), e12547.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Kim, H. K. (2016). Protective effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract on UVB-induced damage in human keratinocytes. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 40(5), 625-632.

1. Definition Sambucus Nigra Fruit Extract:

Sambucus Nigra Fruit Extract is derived from the fruit of the elderberry plant, scientifically known as Sambucus Nigra. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Sambucus Nigra Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce signs of aging, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, this extract can help to improve skin tone and texture, leaving the skin looking brighter and more radiant.

3. Usage Sambucus Nigra Fruit Extract:

Sambucus Nigra Fruit Extract is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it can be applied directly to the skin. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing this extract. To incorporate Sambucus Nigra Fruit Extract into your skincare routine, simply apply the product as directed by the manufacturer, and follow up with a moisturizer or sunscreen as needed.

4. References:

- Młynarczyk, K., Walkowiak-Tomczak, D., Łysiak, G., & Sójka, M. (2016). Bioactive properties of Sambucus nigra L. as a functional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Functional Foods, 21, 377-390.

- Krawitz, C., Mraheil, M. A., Stein, M., Imirzalioglu, C., Domann, E., Pleschka, S., & Hain, T. (2011). Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 11(1), 16.

- Youdim, K. A., & Shukitt-Hale, B. (1999). Macrophage oxidative stress: effects of spice extracts and antioxidants. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 10(5), 300-308.

1. Definition Black Strap Powder:

Black Strap Powder is a byproduct of the sugar refining process, specifically the third boiling of sugar cane juice. It is rich in vitamins and minerals, such as iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium.

2. Use:

Black Strap Powder is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-nourishing properties. It is known to help improve skin tone, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. It is often included in facial masks, scrubs, and creams.

3. Usage Black Strap Powder:

When using Black Strap Powder in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for each product. It is typically mixed with other ingredients to create a paste or solution that can be applied to the skin. It is important to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of skin to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

Precautions: While Black Strap Powder is generally safe for use in cosmetics, individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should exercise caution. It is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating any new ingredient into your skincare routine.

4. References:

- "The benefits of blackstrap molasses for skin" by Dr. Axe, https://draxe.com/nutrition/blackstrap-molasses-benefits/

- "Blackstrap Molasses: Benefits, Nutrition, and Uses" by Healthline, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/blackstrap-molasses-benefits

- "Blackstrap Molasses: Benefits, Side Effects, Nutrition and Facts" by Organic Facts, https://www.organicfacts.net/blackstrap-molasses.html

1. Definition Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Extract:

Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Extract is derived from the seeds of the cocoa plant and is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Cocoa extract is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It can help improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Extract:

When using products containing Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before using products with cocoa extract. It is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to avoid using excessive amounts to prevent any potential irritation.

4. References:

- Smit, H. F., Gaffan, E. A., & Rogers, P. J. (2004). Methylxanthines are the psycho-pharmacologically active constituents of chocolate. Psychopharmacology, 176(3-4), 412-419.

- Scapagnini, G., Davinelli, S., Di Renzo, L., De Lorenzo, A., Olarte, H. H., Micali, G., & Cicero, A. F. (2014). Cocoa bioactive compounds: significance and potential for the maintenance of skin health. Nutrients, 6(8), 3202-3213.

- Williams, S., Tamburic, S., & Lally, C. (2009). Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 8(3), 169-173.

1. Definition Charcoal Powder:

Charcoal powder is a fine black powder made from burning organic materials, such as wood, coconut shells, or bamboo, at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. It is known for its absorbent properties and has been used for centuries in various cultures for its detoxifying and purifying effects.

2. Use:

Charcoal powder is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to draw out impurities and toxins from the skin. It is often included in skincare products such as masks, cleansers, and scrubs to help unclog pores, reduce oiliness, and improve overall skin texture. Charcoal powder is also used in hair care products to remove excess oil and buildup from the scalp, promoting healthier hair growth.

3. Usage Charcoal Powder:

When using charcoal powder in cosmetics, it is important to be cautious as it can be messy and stain clothing and surfaces. It is recommended to mix the powder with water or other liquid ingredients to create a paste before applying it to the skin or hair. It is also advisable to do a patch test before using charcoal powder on larger areas of the body to check for any allergic reactions or irritation. Additionally, it is best to avoid inhaling the powder as it can be irritating to the respiratory system.

4. References:

- Lee, S. (2017). Charcoal in skincare: What are the benefits? Retrieved from https://www.byrdie.com/charcoal-skincare-benefits-4770337

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

- Singh, M., & Das, R. R. (2016). Zinc for the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(6).

1. Definition Solanum Melongena (Eggplant) Fruit Extract:

Solanum Melongena (Eggplant) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the eggplant plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Eggplant fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help to calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, the antioxidants in eggplant extract can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and signs of aging.

3. Usage Solanum Melongena (Eggplant) Fruit Extract:

Eggplant fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing eggplant extract to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is important to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Lee, Y., & Kim, J. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of eggplant skin powder in a DSS-induced colitis rat model. Nutrition Research and Practice, 11(2), 109-116.

- Kim, S. H., Lee, S. E., Oh, H. J., Kim, S. R., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Eggplant fruit extracts inhibit human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase activity. Journal of Medicinal Food, 19(11), 1045-1053.

- Kwon, Y. I., Vattem, D. A., & Shetty, K. (2006). Evaluation of clonal herbs of Lamiaceae species for management of diabetes and hypertension. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 15(1), 107-118.

1. Definition Melanin:

Melanin is a natural pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. It is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes in the skin and is responsible for providing protection against harmful UV radiation from the sun.

2. Use:

Melanin is commonly used in cosmetics to provide color and coverage to makeup products such as foundations, concealers, and powders. It is also used in hair dyes to add pigment and shine to the hair.

3. Usage Melanin:

When using melanin in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing melanin to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. (2010). Cosmetics in Dermatology. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Lintner, K., & Peschard, O. (1999). Biologically active substances of melanin. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, 12(6), 283-285.

- Pillai, S., Oresajo, C., & Hayward, J. (2005). Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging: roles of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and protease activation, and strategies for prevention of inflammation-induced matrix degradation - a review. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 27(1), 17-34.

1. Definition Porphyra Tenera Extract:

Porphyra Tenera Extract, also known as red algae extract, is a natural ingredient derived from the Porphyra Tenera seaweed. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Porphyra Tenera Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce redness and irritation. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks.

3. Usage Porphyra Tenera Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Porphyra Tenera Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is best to start with a small amount and gradually increase the usage if no adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Kim, S. K., & Chojnacka, K. (2013). Marine Algae Extracts: Processes, Products, and Applications. Wiley.

- Jang, J. Y., Lee, J. H., & Kim, S. H. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Porphyra Tenera Extract in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(3), 376-381.

- Yoon, N. Y., Chung, H. Y., & Kim, H. R. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Porphyra Tenera Extract on UVB-induced damage in skin cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 153, 352-358.

1. Definition Polygonum Fagopyrum (Buckwheat) Seed Extract:

Polygonum Fagopyrum (Buckwheat) Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of the buckwheat plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Buckwheat seed extract is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, it can help to improve the skin's barrier function, making it a valuable ingredient in moisturizers and serums.

3. Usage Polygonum Fagopyrum (Buckwheat) Seed Extract:

Buckwheat seed extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and is suitable for all skin types. To use, apply the product containing buckwheat seed extract to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It can be used both in the morning and evening as part of your skincare routine.

4. References:

- Park, K. Y., Jung, S. E., Kim, S. J., & Yoon, W. J. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of Polygonum fagopyrum (Buckwheat) sprouts. Food Chemistry, 119(2), 257-261.

- Yang, J. Y., Della-Fera, M. A., & Baile, C. A. (2010). Guggulsterone and buckwheat seed extract inhibit adipocyte formation and increase lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells. Obesity, 18(6), 956-961.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, Y. S., Song, Y. B., Kim, E. K., & Lee, H. P. (2011). Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) sprout treated with methyl jasmonate reduces UVB-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(12), 6683-6690.

1. Definition Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract:

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract is derived from the grape fruit, specifically from the seeds and skin. It is rich in antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, as well as polyphenols, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.

2. Use:

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to combat free radicals that can damage the skin and accelerate aging. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe and calm irritated skin. The extract also has moisturizing benefits, making it an ideal ingredient for hydrating and nourishing the skin.

3. Usage Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract:

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is safe for daily use and can be incorporated into both morning and evening skincare routines.

4. References:

- Bagchi, D., Garg, A., Krohn, R. L., & Bagchi, M. (Eds.). (2011). Antioxidants in Food, Vitamins and Supplements: Prevention and Treatment of Disease. Academic Press.

- Pallela, R., Na-Young, Y., Kim, S. K. (2016). Anti-photoaging and photoprotective compounds derived from marine organisms. Marine drugs, 14(6), 118.

- Fauzi, A. N., & Sari, P. (2019). The potential of grape seed extract as an anti-inflammatory agent. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1167(1), 012077.

1. Definition Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Seed Extract:

Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Seed Extract is derived from the seeds of the Coffea Arabica plant, commonly known as coffee. It is rich in antioxidants, including chlorogenic acid, which help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.

2. Use:

Coffee seed extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which can help to reduce inflammation, improve skin texture, and protect against UV damage. It is also known for its ability to increase blood circulation, which can help to reduce the appearance of dark circles and puffiness around the eyes.

3. Usage Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Seed Extract:

Coffee seed extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5%, depending on the desired effects. When using products containing coffee seed extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin, as some individuals may be sensitive to caffeine.

4. References:

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593

- Maia Campos, P. M. B. G., Gianeti, M. D., & Camargo, F. B., Jr (2014). Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of coffea arabica L. in cosmetic formulations by in vitro methods. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 89(6), 1027–1031. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142980

- Micek, J., & Żywicka, B. (2015). Antioxidative properties of coffee substitutes. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 14(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.2015.1.7

1. Definition Inonotus Obliquus (Mushroom) Extract:

Inonotus Obliquus extract, also known as Chaga Mushroom extract, is derived from a parasitic fungus that grows on birch trees in colder climates. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.

2. Use:

Inonotus Obliquus extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-protective properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production. The extract is also known for its moisturizing and brightening effects, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Inonotus Obliquus (Mushroom) Extract:

Inonotus Obliquus extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and toners. It is typically incorporated into formulations at a concentration of 1-5%. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Inonotus Obliquus extract consistently for best results.

4. References:

- Park, Y. J., et al. (2014). Inonotus obliquus extract protects against UVB-induced skin photoaging. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 153(3), 810-817.

- Lee, D. H., et al. (2014). Anti-inflammatory and anti-skin aging effects of Inonotus obliquus extract. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 40(2), 131-138.

- Kim, S. H., et al. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effects of Inonotus obliquus extract in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(3), 217-223.

1. Definition Cassia Obtusifolia Seed Extract:

Cassia Obtusifolia Seed Extract is derived from the seeds of the Cassia obtusifolia plant, which is a species of the Cassia genus. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin conditioning and soothing properties.

2. Use:

Cassia Obtusifolia Seed Extract is used in cosmetics as a natural ingredient to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin. It is known for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums.

3. Usage Cassia Obtusifolia Seed Extract:

Cassia Obtusifolia Seed Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, anti-aging creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid any potential skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer to achieve the best results.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Lee, M. K., Lee, K. Y., Sung, S. H., Kim, Y. C. (2005). Stimulative effects of Cassia tora and its major compound, chrysoeriol, on melanin biosynthesis in B16 melanoma cells. Phytotherapy Research, 19(2), 158-161.

- Lee, S. H., Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. B., Park, Y., Lee, J. H., Moon, J. H., Kim, H. K. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Cassia obtusifolia seed extract in RAW264.7 macrophages. Journal of Medicinal Food, 20(8), 758-766.

- Wang, L., Zhao, X. L., Xu, J., Zhu, J., Wang, F., Xu, Z. Z., Zhang, Y. H. (2017). Cassia obtusifolia seed extract inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by suppressing NF-κB and NFATc1 activation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 203, 215-223.

1. Definition Corthellus Shiitake (Mushroom) Extract:

Corthellus Shiitake Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Shiitake mushroom, scientifically known as Lentinula edodes. This extract is rich in essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics for its skin-nourishing properties.

2. Use:

Corthellus Shiitake Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging and anti-inflammatory benefits. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, this extract is known for its ability to brighten and even out skin tone, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Corthellus Shiitake (Mushroom) Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Corthellus Shiitake Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for optimal results. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating any new skincare product into your routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Choi, E. H., Yang, E. J., Park, S. J., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. H., & Kim, J. Y. (2014). Anti-inflammatory and anti-skin aging effects of Corthellus shiitake (mushroom) extract. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 134(3), S40.

- Kim, M. J., Kim, J. H., & Kim, J. Y. (2017). Skin brightening effects of Corthellus shiitake extract in cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(2), 93-98.

- Lee, S. H., Kim, J. H., & Kim, J. Y. (2019). Anti-aging properties of Corthellus shiitake extract in skincare products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(5), 437-443.

1. Definition Mirabilis Jalapa Seed Extract:

Mirabilis Jalapa Seed Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the seeds of the Mirabilis Jalapa plant, also known as the Four O'Clock flower. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Mirabilis Jalapa Seed Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, soothing, and hydrating properties. It helps to calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and improve overall skin health. This extract is also known for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more youthful appearance.

3. Usage Mirabilis Jalapa Seed Extract:

Mirabilis Jalapa Seed Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 1-5% to provide optimal benefits for the skin. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Mirabilis Jalapa Seed Extract regularly for best results.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Kim, S. H., & Kim, H. J. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effect of the extract from Mirabilis Jalapa. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 46(9), 1225-1230.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, H. S., & Lee, J. H. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of Mirabilis Jalapa Seed Extract. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(3), 780-786.

- Patel, M., & Patel, R. (2018). Formulation and evaluation of herbal cream containing Mirabilis Jalapa Seed Extract for skin rejuvenation. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(6), 2456-2461.

1. Definition Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Seed Extract:

Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of the black pepper plant. It is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from free radicals and environmental stressors. It is also believed to help improve skin tone and texture, as well as reduce signs of aging such as fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Seed Extract:

Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Seed Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients. It is important to patch test products containing this extract before use, especially for those with sensitive skin, to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Srinivasan K. Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: a review of diverse physiological effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2007;47(8):735-748.

- Meghwal M, Goswami TK. Piper nigrum and piperine: an update. Phytother Res. 2013;27(8):1121-1130.

- Bang JS, Oh DH, Choi HM, et al. Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects of piperine in human interleukin 1beta-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in rat arthritis models. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(2):R49.

1. Definition Fagus Sylvatica Seed Extract:

Fagus Sylvatica Seed Extract is an ingredient derived from the seeds of the European beech tree (Fagus Sylvatica). It is known for its antioxidant properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging benefits.

2. Use:

Fagus Sylvatica Seed Extract is used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors, such as pollution and UV radiation. It is also believed to help improve the skin's elasticity and firmness, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations.

3. Usage Fagus Sylvatica Seed Extract:

Fagus Sylvatica Seed Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and is suitable for all skin types. To incorporate this ingredient into your skincare routine, look for products that list Fagus Sylvatica Seed Extract as one of the main ingredients.

4. References:

- Braca, A., Tommasi, N. D., Bari, L. D., Pizza, C., Politi, M., & Morelli, I. (2001). Antioxidant principles from Bauhinia terapotensis. Journal of Natural Products, 64(7), 892-895.

- Gomes, A., Fernandes, E., & Lima, J. L. F. C. (2005). Fluorescence probes used for detection of reactive oxygen species. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods, 65(2-3), 45-80.

- Packer, L., & Valacchi, G. (2002). Antioxidants and the response of skin to oxidative stress: vitamin E as a key indicator. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 15(5), 282-290.

1. Definition Aronia Melanocarpa Fruit Extract:

Aronia Melanocarpa Fruit Extract, also known as black chokeberry extract, is derived from the fruit of the Aronia Melanocarpa plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Aronia Melanocarpa Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and premature aging. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing properties, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Aronia Melanocarpa Fruit Extract:

Aronia Melanocarpa Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is often included in formulations targeting anti-aging, brightening, and overall skin health. To use products containing Aronia Melanocarpa Fruit Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Lee, J., Durai, P., & Lim, S. (2019). Aronia melanocarpa extract suppresses inflammatory responses in dermal fibroblasts and ameliorates skin aging. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 236, 336-343.

- Park, H. J., Kim, M. J., Ha, E., Chung, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2014). The inhibitory effects of Aronia melanocarpa extract on UVB-induced damage in HaCaT keratinocytes. Annals of Dermatology, 26(2), 184-189.

- Kulling, S. E., Rawel, H. M., & Chokeberry, A. (2001). A review on the characteristic components of Aronia melanocarpa and their potential health effects. Journal of Nutrition, 131(9), 2095S-2105S.

1. Definition Dictyopteris Membranacea Extract:

Dictyopteris Membranacea Extract is an extract derived from the brown algae Dictyopteris membranacea. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Dictyopteris Membranacea Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its various skin benefits. It is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce redness and irritation on the skin. Additionally, this extract is believed to have moisturizing and anti-aging effects, making it a valuable ingredient in anti-aging skincare products.

3. Usage Dictyopteris Membranacea Extract:

Dictyopteris Membranacea Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility and avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., Park, S. H., & Min, K. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Dictyopteris membranacea extract in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 45(10), 1429-1435.

- Kim, S. Y., & Kim, H. J. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Dictyopteris membranacea extract in HaCaT keratinocytes. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 24(4), 690-698.

- Kang, S. M., Lee, H. J., & Kim, M. J. (2019). Anti-aging effects of Dictyopteris membranacea extract in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of the Korean Society of Dermatology, 57(3), 307-313.

1. Definition Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract:

Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract is an ingredient derived from the hybridization of different species of roses. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps to calm and nourish the skin, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin types. Additionally, it can help to improve the overall appearance of the skin by promoting a more radiant and youthful complexion.

3. Usage Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract:

When using products containing Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Lee, J. Y., Kim, Y. J., Kim, M. Y., Kim, M. J., Kim, T. H., Kim, H. S., ... & Lee, K. W. (2012). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of Rosa hybrid flower extract on skin cell and human volunteers. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 132, S67.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, S. N., Kim, J. A., Kim, J. D., Kim, S. H., Kim, H. S., ... & Kim, D. K. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effects of Rosa hybrid flower extract on skin cell and human volunteers. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 66(3), 163-171.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, S. H., Kim, M. J., Kim, T. H., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. D., ... & Lee, K. W. (2017). Hydrating and soothing effects of Rosa hybrid flower extract on skin cell and human volunteers. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(1), 103-110.

1. Definition Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract:

Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract is derived from the bark of the Cinnamomum cassia tree, also known as Chinese cinnamon. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract is often included in skincare products for its ability to help improve the appearance of skin by reducing inflammation, fighting free radicals, and preventing acne breakouts. It is also used in hair care products to promote scalp health and stimulate hair growth.

3. Usage Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract:

When using products containing Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. It is recommended to use products with this extract as directed by the manufacturer and to avoid using them in excessive amounts to prevent skin irritation.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. G., & Lee, J. (2008). Anti-biofilm activities of cinnamaldehyde against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18(10), 1719-1722.

- Wang, W., Li, N., Luo, M., Zu, Y., & Efferth, T. (2012). Antibacterial activity and anticancer activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil compared to that of its main components. Molecules, 17(3), 2704-2713.

- Kim, D. S., Kim, J. H., Lee, G. H., Kim, H. T., & Lee, J. S. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of Cinnamomum cassia bark extract in LPS-induced mouse macrophage cells. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 40(11), 1542-1549.

1. Definition Anona Cherimolia Fruit Extract:

Anona Cherimolia Fruit Extract is derived from the cherimoya fruit, also known as custard apple. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Anona Cherimolia Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. The extract also has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, making it beneficial for sensitive or acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Anona Cherimolia Fruit Extract:

Anona Cherimolia Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide the desired benefits without causing irritation. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While Anona Cherimolia Fruit Extract is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- S. R. S. Alves, et al. (2012). Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.): A Review of the Chemical Composition and Biological Activities. Food Science and Technology International, 18(6), 505-514.

- M. R. O. Viana, et al. (2018). Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Annona cherimolia Mill. (Cherimoya) Fruit. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 54(2), e17585.

- A. C. N. Oliveira, et al. (2015). Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Annona cherimolia Mill. (Cherimoya) Fruit Peel. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(12), 8153-8161.

1. Definition Rhus Semialata Gall Extract:

Rhus Semialata Gall Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the gall produced by the Chinese sumac tree, Rhus Semialata. This extract is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Rhus Semialata Gall Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and tighten pores. It is often found in anti-aging products due to its antioxidant properties, which help to fight free radicals and prevent premature aging. Additionally, this extract can help to soothe irritated skin and improve overall skin tone and texture.

3. Usage Rhus Semialata Gall Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Rhus Semialata Gall Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This extract is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any skincare product, it is best to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin responds.

4. References:

- Kim, Y. J., et al. (2018). Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Rhus Semialata Gall Extract. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(6), 634-639.

- Choi, H. J., et al. (2016). A Study on the Anti-aging Effect of Rhus Semialata Gall Extract in Human Skin Cells. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 42(2), 139-146.

- Lee, J. Y., et al. (2014). A Review of the Cosmetic Uses of Rhus Semialata Gall Extract. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 65(3), 165-174.

1. Definition Prunus Mume Fruit Extract:

Prunus Mume Fruit Extract is derived from the Japanese apricot tree, also known as Ume or Plum Blossom. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Prunus Mume Fruit Extract is used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and brightening properties. It helps to improve skin tone, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, it has hydrating and soothing effects on the skin, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Prunus Mume Fruit Extract:

Prunus Mume Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and is safe for daily use. To incorporate this ingredient into your skincare routine, look for products that list Prunus Mume Fruit Extract as one of the main ingredients.

4. References:

- Kim, H. J., Kim, S. H., & Yun, J. M. (2018). Anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening effects of Prunus mume fruit extract. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(2), 219-224.

- Lee, H. J., Lee, J. H., & Kim, H. S. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Prunus mume extract on UVB-induced damage in HaCaT keratinocytes. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 67(3), 179-186.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, D. S., & Park, Y. H. (2014). Skin brightening effects of Prunus mume extract in human volunteers. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 36(6), 588-593.

1. Definition Niacinamide:

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.

3. Usage Niacinamide:

Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.

Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.

- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.

1. Definition Acer Saccharum (Sugar Maple) Extract:

Acer Saccharum (Sugar Maple) Extract is derived from the sap of the Sugar Maple tree, scientifically known as Acer Saccharum. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Sugar Maple Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating, exfoliating, and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, it has soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Acer Saccharum (Sugar Maple) Extract:

Sugar Maple Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, masks, and exfoliants. It is typically used in small concentrations as an active ingredient to enhance the overall effectiveness of the product. When using products containing Sugar Maple Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Zhang, J., Wang, Z., & Hu, Y. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Acer saccharum L. extract. Journal of Functional Foods, 52, 415-423.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, D. S., & Kang, S. (2017). Anti-aging effects of Acer saccharum extract on human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(2), 160-166.

- Chen, Y., & Chen, J. (2016). Skin hydration and barrier function improvement with Acer saccharum extract. Journal of Dermatological Science, 83(3), 198-204.

1. Definition Gentiana Lutea Root Extract:

Gentiana Lutea Root Extract is derived from the roots of the Gentiana Lutea plant, also known as the Great Yellow Gentian. This plant is native to the mountains of central and southern Europe and is known for its bright yellow flowers. The extract is rich in active compounds such as gentiopicrin, gentisin, and amarogentin, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Gentiana Lutea Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in skincare products designed to calm and protect sensitive or irritated skin. The extract can help reduce redness, soothe inflammation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it is believed to have a brightening effect on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation.

3. Usage Gentiana Lutea Root Extract:

Gentiana Lutea Root Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended for use in formulations targeting sensitive or irritated skin, as well as those designed to improve skin tone and texture. The extract can be incorporated into both daytime and nighttime skincare routines, and is generally safe for daily use. However, as with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before applying products containing Gentiana Lutea Root Extract to the entire face.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Lee, S. H., Kim, S. H., Kim, Y. K., & Park, M. J. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effect of Gentiana scabra Bunge in allergic asthma. International journal of molecular medicine, 25(1), 113-117.

- Hu, Y., Li, S., Zhu, J., & Zhu, Y. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effect of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. on contact dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 168, 19-25.

- Kim, K. A., Kim, J. H., Wang, L., Choi, J. H., Lee, S. H., & Kim, D. K. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Gentiana scabra extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Pharmaceutical biology, 54(7), 1167-1174.

1. Definition Artemisia Absinthium Extract:

Artemisia Absinthium Extract, also known as wormwood extract, is derived from the Artemisia absinthium plant. This plant is native to Europe and Asia and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Artemisia Absinthium Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming effects on the skin. It is known to help reduce inflammation, redness, and irritation, making it ideal for sensitive or reactive skin types. Additionally, its antioxidant properties can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and premature aging.

3. Usage Artemisia Absinthium Extract:

Artemisia Absinthium Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. To use, apply the product containing the extract onto clean skin, gently massaging it in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer to lock in the benefits of the extract.

4. References:

- Park, H. J., Lee, J. Y., Moon, S. S., Hwang, B. K., & Lee, D. G. (2011). Antifungal activity of Artemisia absinthium essential oil and its constituent compounds against Phytophthora species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(8), 4288-4294.

- Rezvani, M., & Roohi, P. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia absinthium L. at flowering stage. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2(1), 1-6.

- Sadowska, A., & Śliwiński, T. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of Artemisia absinthium L. against selected foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Food Safety, 39(6), e12663.

1. Definition Retinol:

Retinol is a form of vitamin A that is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It is a potent ingredient that can help improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion.

2. Use:

Retinol is commonly used in anti-aging skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is known for its ability to increase cell turnover, stimulate collagen production, and improve skin tone and texture. Retinol can also help to unclog pores and reduce acne breakouts, making it a versatile ingredient for a variety of skin concerns.

3. Usage Retinol:

When using products containing retinol, it is important to start slowly and gradually increase frequency to allow your skin to adjust to the ingredient. Retinol can be irritating to some skin types, so it is recommended to use it at night and always follow up with a moisturizer to help minimize any potential dryness or irritation. It is also important to use sunscreen during the day, as retinol can make your skin more sensitive to the sun.

4. References:

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327–348.

- Kong, R., Cui, Y., Fisher, G. J., & Wang, X. (2016). The role of retinoids in the treatment of photoaging. Molecules, 21(8), 100.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327–348.

1. Definition Polysorbate 20:

Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.

3. Usage Polysorbate 20:

When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20

1. Definition Lecithin:

Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.

2. Use:

Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.

3. Usage Lecithin:

When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.

- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.

- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

1. Definition Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower/Leaf Extract:

Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower/Leaf Extract is an extract derived from the flowers and leaves of the chamomile plant. Chamomile has been used for centuries for its soothing and calming properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower/Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties. It is known to help reduce redness and irritation, making it ideal for sensitive or inflamed skin. Chamomile extract is also believed to have a brightening effect on the skin, helping to even out skin tone and improve overall complexion.

3. Usage Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower/Leaf Extract:

Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower/Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%, depending on the desired effect. When using products containing chamomile extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase usage to avoid potential irritation.

4. References:

- Srivastava, J.K., Shankar, E., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Molecular Medicine Reports, 3(6), 895-901.

- Habtemariam, S. (2016). The therapeutic potential of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) diterpenes for Alzheimer's disease. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, 2680409.

- McKay, D.L., & Blumberg, J.B. (2006). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytotherapy Research, 20(7), 519-530.

1. Definition Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the common purslane plant, known for its high levels of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties.

2. Use:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and nourishing benefits on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 0.5-2% to provide the desired benefits without causing any irritation. To use products containing Portulaca Oleracea Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., Anti-inflammatory effect of Portulaca oleracea in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2014; 42(6):1493-1507.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, D. W., Park, S. E., et al. Protective effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on DSS-induced murine colitis. International Immunopharmacology. 2019; 73:539-547.

- Lee, H. Y., Kim, S. W., Lee, G. H., et al. The effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on UVB-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018; 220:64-73.

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

1. Definition Ceratonia Siliqua Gum:

Ceratonia Siliqua Gum, also known as carob gum or locust bean gum, is a natural thickening agent derived from the seeds of the carob tree. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a stabilizer, emulsifier, and viscosity enhancer.

2. Use:

Ceratonia Siliqua Gum is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture while also providing a moisturizing effect on the skin. Additionally, it can help to stabilize emulsions and prevent separation of ingredients in formulations.

3. Usage Ceratonia Siliqua Gum:

When using Ceratonia Siliqua Gum in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. Overuse of this ingredient can result in a thick and sticky texture, which may not be desirable in certain formulations. It is also important to properly disperse the gum in the formulation to ensure even distribution and optimal performance.

Precautions: While Ceratonia Siliqua Gum is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- M. P. López-Rubio, M. A. Lagaron, M. Anker, and R. Wittkowski. 2004. "Functional properties of sodium caseinate–carob germ protein conjugates obtained by Maillard reaction." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52(18): 5793-5800.

- M. A. Lagaron, M. P. López-Rubio, and R. Wittkowski. 2006. "Interfacial and emulsifying properties of sodium caseinate–carob germ protein conjugates obtained by the Maillard reaction." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54(5): 1729-1736.

- S. S. Anand and R. N. Tharanathan. 2005. "Chitin/chitosan: modifications and their unlimited application potential—an overview." Trends in Food Science & Technology 16(10): 521-535.

1. Definition Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil:

Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the castor oil plant. It is a pale yellow liquid with a mild odor and is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Castor oil is a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products due to its emollient and humectant properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it a common ingredient in lip balms, lotions, and creams. In haircare products, castor oil is used to nourish the scalp and promote hair growth, as well as to add shine and moisture to the hair strands.

3. Usage Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil:

When using castor oil in cosmetics, it is important to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, as some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to the oil. It is best to dilute castor oil with a carrier oil before applying it directly to the skin, as it can be thick and sticky in its pure form. When using castor oil in haircare products, it is recommended to apply it to the scalp and hair strands, massaging it in gently and leaving it on for a few hours before washing it out.

4. References:

- Park, H. M., & Cho, J. H. (2018). Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) seed oil: production, processing, properties, and applications. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 95(11), 1377-1388.

- Vieira, C., et al. (2018). Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) seed oil: a review on the composition and physicochemical properties. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 95(1), 1-10.

- Reis, F. S., et al. (2016). Chemical composition and biological activities of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil: a review. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(3), 291-303.

1. Definition Allantoin:

Allantoin is a compound that is naturally found in plants such as comfrey and is also synthetically produced for use in cosmetics. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Allantoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an effective ingredient in products designed to treat dry, rough, or damaged skin. Allantoin is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Allantoin:

Allantoin is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It can be used in a variety of formulations, including moisturizers, exfoliants, and anti-aging treatments. When using products containing allantoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to patch test the product before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Acute oral toxicity study of Allantoin in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 1247-1251.

- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2019). Natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 285-295.

1. Definition Squalane:

Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.

2. Use:

Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.

3. Usage Squalane:

Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.

Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

1. Definition Betaine:

Betaine is a naturally occurring compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It is derived from sugar beets and is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Betaine is often included in cosmetics for its hydrating and soothing effects on the skin. It helps to improve the skin's moisture levels, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. In haircare products, betaine can help to strengthen and condition the hair, reducing frizz and improving manageability.

3. Usage Betaine:

Betaine can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, cleansers, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and is considered safe for most skin types. However, as with any new ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using a product containing betaine to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Choudhury, H., & Pandey, M. (2013). Betaine in cosmetics. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 35(2), 157-161.

- Kim, J., & Lee, I. (2016). Moisturizing effects of betaine-containing cosmetics on human skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 212-217.

- Yoon, H. S., & Lee, S. J. (2018). Betaine as a conditioning agent in haircare products. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(5), 321-327.

1. Definition Adenosine:

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the body. In cosmetics, adenosine is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Adenosine is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reduce the signs of aging, and promote skin elasticity. It also helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Adenosine:

Adenosine is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it is applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to use products containing adenosine as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them after cleansing and toning the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Topical adenosine for hair loss: A promising alternative to minoxidil. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 457-461.

- Kim, D. S., et al. (2013). Anti-wrinkle activity of adenosine in human dermal fibroblasts through activation of adenosine A2A receptor signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(1), 282-291.

- Baek, J. H., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory role of adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor in human mast cells: Evidence and therapeutic potential. Journal of Immunology, 196(10), 4002-4011.

1. Definition Calcium Chloride:

Calcium Chloride is a salt compound composed of calcium and chlorine. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a firming agent, preservative, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, Calcium Chloride is primarily used as a firming agent in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product, giving it a smoother and more luxurious feel. Additionally, Calcium Chloride can act as a preservative, helping to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. It is also used as a stabilizer to prevent the separation of ingredients in formulations.

3. Usage Calcium Chloride:

When using Calcium Chloride in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration and usage levels provided by the manufacturer. Overuse of Calcium Chloride can potentially irritate the skin, so it is essential to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area. Additionally, it is crucial to store products containing Calcium Chloride in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persulfate, Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persilicate, Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Pyrosulfate, and Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Pyrosilicate." International Journal of Toxicology 24 (2005): 5-35.

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Aluminum Silicate, Calcium Silicate, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Magnesium Silicate, Magnesium Trisilicate, Sodium Magnesium Silicate, Zirconium Silicate, Attapulgite, Bentonite, Fuller's Earth, Hectorite, Kaolin, Lithium Magnesium Silicate, Lithium Magnesium Sodium Silicate, Montmorillonite, Pyrophyllite, and Zeolite. International Journal of Toxicology 22 (2003): 37-102.

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Aluminum Silicate, Calcium Silicate, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Magnesium Silicate, Magnesium Trisilicate, Sodium Magnesium Silicate, Zirconium Silicate, Attapulgite, Bentonite, Fuller's Earth, Hectorite, Kaolin, Lithium Magnesium Silicate, Lithium Magnesium Sodium Silicate, Montmorillonite, Pyrophyllite, and Zeolite. International Journal of Toxicology 22 (2003): 37-102.

1. Definition Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:

Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a polyethylene glycol derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.

2. Use:

Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is primarily used in skincare and haircare products as an emulsifier to help mix oil and water-based ingredients. It also functions as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin and hair by removing dirt and impurities. Additionally, it can act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.

3. Usage Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:

Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil should be used in accordance with the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to this ingredient. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Peg 60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polyethylene glycols. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyethylene-glycols

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Hydrogenated Castor Oil. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/hydrogenated-castor-oil/

- The Dermatology Review. (n.d.). Castor Oil in Skin Care: Benefits and Uses. https://thedermreview.com/castor-oil-in-skin-care/

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

1. Definition Methylparaben:

Methylparaben is a type of paraben, which is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in alcohol and slightly soluble in water.

2. Use:

Methylparaben is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products, including lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, and makeup. It helps to extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Methylparaben:

Methylparaben is typically used at concentrations of 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics and personal care products. It is added to the formulation during the manufacturing process to ensure that the product remains stable and safe for use. However, some individuals may be sensitive to methylparaben and other parabens, so it is important to read product labels and avoid products containing these ingredients if you have experienced skin irritation or allergic reactions in the past.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report of the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(4), 1-82.

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2011). Opinion on parabens. European Commission, Health & Consumers Directorate-General.

- Soni, M. G., Carabin, I. G., & Burdock, G. A. (2005). Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43(7), 985-1015.

1. Definition Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antiseptic agent. It is a white crystalline powder with a mild, pleasant odor.

2. Use:

Chlorphenesin is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various personal care products. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful organisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines and recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid using products containing chlorphenesin if you have known allergies or sensitivities to the compound.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of chlorphenesin. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26 Suppl 3:61-72. doi: 10.1080/10915810701663150.

- Personal Care Products Council. Safety Assessment of Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics. 2013. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr126.pdf.

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. 2019. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822.

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.