Spongeables Anti-cellulite Body Wash - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Function: Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Sufactant
1. Definition Sodium Stearate:
Sodium Stearate is a sodium salt of stearic acid, which is a fatty acid commonly found in animal and vegetable fats. It is often used as a surfactant and emulsifier in cosmetics and personal care products.
2. Use:
Sodium Stearate is used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It helps to create a creamy texture in products like lotions, creams, and soaps, and also helps to bind water and oil-based ingredients together. Additionally, it can help to thicken formulations and improve the overall stability of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Stearate:
When using Sodium Stearate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and usage levels provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Sodium Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2014). Final report on the safety assessment of stearic acid, potassium stearate, sodium stearate, zinc stearate, ammonium stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and lithium stearate. International Journal of Toxicology, 33(1), 34S-45S.
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Sodium Stearate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ingredient-detail/sodium-stearate
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=182.8254
Other Names: D-Glucitol
Function: Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent, Plasticizer
1. Definition Sorbitol:
Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant and thickening agent. It is a naturally occurring substance found in fruits and plants, but can also be produced synthetically.
2. Use:
Sorbitol is used in cosmetics to help attract moisture to the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Sorbitol also has emollient properties, which help to improve the texture and appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Sorbitol:
Sorbitol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for its use. It is typically used in concentrations of up to 10% in skincare products. However, some individuals may be sensitive to sorbitol and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing sorbitol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5780, Sorbitol. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sorbitol
- Cosmetics Info. Sorbitol. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitol
- Personal Care Council. Sorbitol. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sorbitol
Other Names: Monopropylene Glycol; Propyl Glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; 1,2-Propylene Glycol
Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous
1. Definition Propylene Glycol:
Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.
2. Use:
Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.
3. Usage Propylene Glycol:
When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group
- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council
Other Names: SLES; Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulphate; Sodium Lauryl ether Sulfate; Ethoxylated C12-Sulfate; Sodium Laureth-2 Sulfate
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming
1. Definition Sodium Laureth Sulfate:
Sodium Laureth Sulfate is a surfactant and detergent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a type of sulfate that helps to create a foaming lather and cleanse the skin or hair by removing dirt and oils.
2. Use:
Sodium Laureth Sulfate is often found in products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and toothpaste. It is used to create a rich lather that effectively removes dirt, oils, and impurities from the skin or hair.
3. Usage Sodium Laureth Sulfate:
While Sodium Laureth Sulfate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some people may experience skin irritation or sensitivity to this ingredient. It is important to patch test products containing Sodium Laureth Sulfate before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid getting products containing this ingredient in your eyes, as it can cause irritation.
4. References:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 23665879, Sodium Laureth Sulfate. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-laureth-sulfate
- Environmental Working Group. Sodium Laureth Sulfate. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706089-SODIUM_LAURETH_SULFATE/
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. Sodium Laureth Sulfate. http://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-laureth-sulfate
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing
1. Definition Sodium Laurate:
Sodium Laurate is a sodium salt derived from lauric acid, which is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. It is often used as a surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products due to its cleansing and emulsifying properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Laurate is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, soaps, and shampoos as a surfactant. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair by reducing the surface tension of water and allowing it to mix with oil and dirt, making it easier to rinse away.
3. Usage Sodium Laurate:
When using products containing Sodium Laurate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for use. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Sodium Laurate to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- "Sodium Laurate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-laurate.
- "Sodium Laureth Sulfate." Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706089-SODIUM_LAURATE/.
- "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: What Is It and Why Is It in My Shampoo?" Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/sodium-lauryl-sulfate#what-it-is.
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Other Names: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum
Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.
2. Use:
Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.
- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.
Other Names: Olea Europaea Fruit; Olive Fruit
1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:
Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the olive tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids that help nourish and protect the skin.
2. Use:
Olive oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and body lotions. Olive oil helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and protect it from environmental damage.
3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:
When using products containing Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive or acne-prone skin may want to use it cautiously. Olive oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients in DIY skincare recipes.
4. References:
- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.
- P. Konstantinidou, et al. (2010). "In vivo nutrigenomic effects of virgin olive oil polyphenols within the frame of the Mediterranean diet: a randomized controlled trial." The FASEB Journal.
- A. Ghanbari, et al. (2012). "Olive oil and cancer." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Caffeine:
Caffeine is a natural stimulant that belongs to the class of compounds known as xanthines. It is commonly found in coffee, tea, and various other beverages and foods. In cosmetics, caffeine is often used for its stimulating and antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Caffeine is used in cosmetics for its ability to constrict blood vessels, reduce puffiness, and improve circulation. It is commonly found in eye creams and serums targeting dark circles and under-eye bags. Caffeine can also help to smooth and tighten the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.
3. Usage Caffeine:
When using cosmetics containing caffeine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, caffeine-infused products are applied topically to the skin, focusing on areas of concern such as the under-eye area or areas prone to cellulite. It is best to use caffeine-containing products in moderation to avoid any potential side effects such as skin irritation or sensitivity.
4. References:
- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2012). Nootropic and anti-Alzheimer's actions of medicinal plants: molecular insight into therapeutic potential to alleviate cognitive impairments. In Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease (pp. 605-619). Academic Press.
- Costa, R., Rodrigues, I., Guardão, L., Lima, J. L., & Fernandes, E. (2012). Antioxidant activity and inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative burst by coffees of several origins. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(5), 1435-1441.
- Albasini, A., Zech, K., & Taddei, C. (2012). Use of caffeine in cosmetic compositions. U.S. Patent No. 8,119,371.
Other Names: Petrolatum; Vaseline; Soft Paraffin; Petrolatum base; Petroleum Jelly
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Emollient, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive, Moisturising
1. Definition Petrolatum:
Petrolatum, also known as petroleum jelly, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and protective properties.
2. Use:
Petrolatum is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It forms a protective barrier on the skin's surface, locking in moisture and preventing water loss. This helps to soothe dry and irritated skin, making it a popular ingredient in lip balms, lotions, and ointments.
3. Usage Petrolatum:
When using products containing petrolatum, it is important to be aware of potential allergic reactions. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with petrolatum, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. Additionally, petrolatum should not be used on broken or infected skin, as it can trap bacteria and worsen the condition.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (1999). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
Other Names: vitamin c; vit c; l-ascorbic acid
Function: Masking, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Flavoring Agent, Phadjuster
1. Definition Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):
Ascorbic Acid, also known as Vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. It is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect the skin from free radicals and UV damage, promote collagen production, and brighten the complexion.
2. Use:
Ascorbic Acid is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to boost collagen production. It is often included in anti-aging serums, moisturizers, and sunscreens to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. Ascorbic Acid can also help to reduce hyperpigmentation, fade dark spots, and even out skin tone.
3. Usage Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):
When using products containing Ascorbic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid irritation, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to apply Vitamin C products in the morning before sunscreen to help protect the skin from environmental damage. It is also important to store Vitamin C products in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain their effectiveness.
4. References:
- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 10(7), 14–17.
- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 4(2), 143–146.
- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866.
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antifoaming Agent
1. Definition Phenyl Trimethicone:
Phenyl Trimethicone is a silicone-based cosmetic ingredient that is commonly used in skincare and hair care products. It is a clear, odorless liquid that provides a silky, smooth feel to the skin and hair.
2. Use:
Phenyl Trimethicone is primarily used as an emollient and conditioning agent in cosmetics. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, enhance their texture, and provide a soft, velvety finish. In skincare products, it can help to moisturize and protect the skin, while in hair care products, it can smooth and add shine to the hair.
3. Usage Phenyl Trimethicone:
Phenyl Trimethicone is typically found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair conditioners, and styling products. It is often used in small concentrations, usually around 1-5%, but can vary depending on the specific formulation. It is important to note that while Phenyl Trimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and may experience irritation or breakouts. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product containing Phenyl Trimethicone.
4. References:
- Chaudhri, S. K., & Singh, S. (2017). Silicone in cosmetics: Safety and performance. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(4), 366-376.
- Lode, O., & Kolstad, J. (2018). Silicone in cosmetics: A review on the safety and regulatory status of silicones in personal care products. Cosmetics, 5(3), 52.
- Lefebvre, M. A., & Van Cutsem, J. (2015). Silicones in cosmetics: A review on their safety. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 71(3), 313-324.
Function: Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Hydroxyethyl Behenamidopropyl Dimonium Chloride:
Hydroxyethyl Behenamidopropyl Dimonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emulsifier. It is derived from behenic acid, a fatty acid found in natural sources such as rapeseed oil.
2. Use:
Hydroxyethyl Behenamidopropyl Dimonium Chloride is commonly used in hair care products such as conditioners and shampoos to improve the texture and manageability of the hair. It helps to detangle hair, reduce frizz, and enhance shine. Additionally, it can also be found in skincare products to provide conditioning and moisturizing benefits to the skin.
3. Usage Hydroxyethyl Behenamidopropyl Dimonium Chloride:
When using products containing Hydroxyethyl Behenamidopropyl Dimonium Chloride, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Hydroxyethyl Behenamidopropyl Dimonium Chloride." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydroxyethyl-behenamidopropyl-dimonium-chloride.
- "Safety Assessment of Behenamidopropyl Dimethylamine and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/behenamidopropyl.pdf.
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Hair Conditioner Containing Hydroxyethyl Behenamidopropyl Dimonium Chloride." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Wiley Online Library, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ics.12304.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Soothing, Smoothing
1. Definition Fucus Vesiculosus Extract:
Fucus Vesiculosus Extract is a type of seaweed extract derived from bladderwrack, a brown algae commonly found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It is rich in minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Fucus Vesiculosus Extract is known for its hydrating and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great ingredient for moisturizers, serums, and masks. It can help improve skin elasticity, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help strengthen and nourish the hair, promoting growth and shine.
3. Usage Fucus Vesiculosus Extract:
When using products containing Fucus Vesiculosus Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Karpagam, T., Varadharajan, V., & Thirumalai, T. (2014). Fucus vesiculosus: a review of its beneficial effects in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(3), 324-331.
- Cunha, L., Grenha, A., & Figueirinha, A. (2012). Fucus vesiculosus: a review of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Journal of Natural Products, 75(5), 1161-1169.
- Saeidnia, S., & Manayi, A. (2015). Fucus vesiculosus: a comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. Phytotherapy Research, 29(4), 463-487.
Other Names: Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea Butter)
1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:
Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.
3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:
When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.
4. References:
- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.
- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.
- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Isomerized Safflower Acid:
Isomerized Safflower Acid is a derivative of safflower oil that has undergone an isomerization process to convert linoleic acid into conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). CLA is a fatty acid known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Isomerized Safflower Acid is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin health and combat signs of aging. It is often found in anti-aging creams, serums, and moisturizers due to its ability to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and protect against environmental damage.
3. Usage Isomerized Safflower Acid:
When using products containing Isomerized Safflower Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to start with a lower concentration of Isomerized Safflower Acid and gradually increase the usage to avoid any skin irritation.
4. References:
- Kim, J. H., Lee, H. J., Kim, J. S., & Kim, Y. J. (2014). Conjugated linoleic acid: potential health benefits as a functional food ingredient. Annual review of food science and technology, 5, 173-193.
- Park, Y., & Pariza, M. W. (2007). Mechanisms of body fat modulation by conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Food Research International, 40(3), 311-323.
- Song, H. J., Grant, I., Rotondo, D., Mohede, I., Sattar, N., & Heys, S. D. (2005). Effect of CLA supplementation on immune function in young healthy volunteers. European journal of clinical nutrition, 59(4), 508-517.
Function: Reducing
1. Definition Sodium Thiosulfate:
Sodium Thiosulfate is a chemical compound with the formula Na2S2O3. It is a white crystalline solid that is commonly used in various industries, including cosmetics, photography, and medical applications.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, Sodium Thiosulfate is primarily used as a skin conditioning agent. It helps to improve the texture and appearance of the skin by providing hydration and promoting a smooth, soft complexion. It is often found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums.
3. Usage Sodium Thiosulfate:
When using Sodium Thiosulfate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and precautions. It is typically used in low concentrations to minimize the risk of skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is best to perform a patch test before using products containing Sodium Thiosulfate to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is important to store products containing Sodium Thiosulfate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their effectiveness.
4. References:
- "Sodium Thiosulfate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-thiosulfate.
- "Sodium Thiosulfate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-thiosulfate.
- "Sodium Thiosulfate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/sodium-thiosulfate/.
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic
1. Definition Benzyl Alcohol:
Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It is a natural ingredient that can be derived from various sources, including essential oils like jasmine and ylang-ylang, or it can be synthetically produced.
2. Use:
Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is also used as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent in various skincare, haircare, and personal care products.
3. Usage Benzyl Alcohol:
When using Benzyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended usage levels to ensure product safety and efficacy. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has deemed Benzyl Alcohol safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 1%, with some exceptions. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Alcohol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-23.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzyl-alcohol
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 244, Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-alcohol
Other Names: Octadecanoic Acid; C18; Hexyldecyl Stearate
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting
1. Definition Stearic Acid:
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid that is commonly found in animal and vegetable fats. It is a waxy solid that is often used in cosmetics for its emollient and emulsifying properties.
2. Use:
Stearic acid is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to bind together water and oil-based ingredients in products like lotions and creams. Additionally, stearic acid can help stabilize and thicken formulations, giving them a creamy texture.
3. Usage Stearic Acid:
When using cosmetics containing stearic acid, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with stearic acid, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Pumori Saokar Telang, Ashish Gupta, and Nidhi Choudhary. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid based emulsion for topical drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.
- M. C. Gohel, S. P. Amin, and M. J. B. Shah. (2008). Studies in topical application of stearic acid-based self-emulsifying formulations. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy.
- A. J. Ogunjimi, J. A. Akin-Ajani, and O. A. Odeku. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid-based controlled release matrix tablets of metronidazole. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.
Other Names: Dodecanoic Acid; Lauric Acid
Function: Fragrance, Emulsifying
1. Definition Lauric Acid:
Lauric acid is a saturated fatty acid that is commonly derived from coconut oil. It is a medium-chain fatty acid with antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Lauric acid is used in cosmetics for its emollient and moisturizing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it a common ingredient in lotions, creams, and serums. Lauric acid also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective in fighting acne-causing bacteria and other skin infections.
3. Usage Lauric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing lauric acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing lauric acid to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Kim, S., & Lee, J. (2016). Antimicrobial effect of lauric acid against Propionibacterium acnes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 136(5), S59.
- Rele, A. S., & Mohile, R. B. (2003). Effect of mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil on prevention of hair damage. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 54(2), 175-192.
- Evangelista, M. T., Abad-Casintahan, F., & Lopez-Villafuerte, L. (2014). The effect of topical virgin coconut oil on SCORAD index, transepidermal water loss, and skin capacitance in mild to moderate pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(1), 100-108.
Function: Chelating Agent
1. Definition Pentasodium Pentetate:
Pentasodium Pentetate is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and is known for its ability to bind to metal ions, preventing them from causing unwanted reactions in the product.
2. Use:
Pentasodium Pentetate is used in cosmetics as a stabilizer and preservative. It helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product by binding to metal ions that can cause degradation or discoloration. Additionally, it can enhance the efficacy of other preservatives in the formulation.
3. Usage Pentasodium Pentetate:
Pentasodium Pentetate is typically used in small concentrations in cosmetics, usually ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%. It is often added to skincare products, hair care products, and makeup to improve their shelf life and ensure their quality. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels to avoid any potential side effects or negative interactions with other ingredients.
Precautions: While Pentasodium Pentetate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to chelating agents. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Pentasodium Pentetate," Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org
- "Safety Assessment of Pentasodium Pentetate and Pentetic Acid," Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org
- "Pentasodium Pentetate in Cosmetics," Personal Care Products Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Chelating Agent
1. Definition Tetrasodium Etidronate:
Tetrasodium Etidronate is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a white, crystalline powder that helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause degradation.
2. Use:
Tetrasodium Etidronate is primarily used in cosmetics as a chelating agent to prevent the deterioration of formulas caused by metal ions present in water or other ingredients. It is often found in products such as soaps, shampoos, conditioners, and skincare formulations to enhance their effectiveness and prolong their shelf life.
3. Usage Tetrasodium Etidronate:
When using products containing Tetrasodium Etidronate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics at low concentrations, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- "Tetrasodium Etidronate" in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition, 2016.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Tetrasodium Etidronate. International Journal of Toxicology. 2008; 27(Suppl 1): 1-10.
- Personal Care Council. Tetrasodium Etidronate Safety Data Sheet. Accessed online at [insert link]
