Village 11 Factory Active Clean Serum - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Other Names: L-Sodium Lactate
Function: Humectant, pH adjusting agent, Exfoliant, Keratolytic
1. Definition Sodium Lactate:
Sodium Lactate is the sodium salt of natural Lactic Acid, a humectant and pH regulator commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid that is water-soluble and has a slightly salty taste.
2. Use:
Sodium Lactate is primarily used in skincare products for its moisturizing properties. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it an effective ingredient in lotions, creams, and serums. Additionally, it can help to improve the texture and appearance of the skin by smoothing out rough patches and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Sodium Lactate:
When using products containing Sodium Lactate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Sodium Lactate to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is also important to store products containing Sodium Lactate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.
4. References:
- S. Wang, J. Li, R. Dong, J. Zhao, L. Zhang, "Sodium Lactate: A Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Aqueous Solutions", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2018.
- M. R. El-Shafei, M. R. Shaarawy, M. M. El-Mehasseb, "Sodium Lactate as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Medium", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016.
- M. M. El-Mehasseb, M. R. El-Shafei, M. R. Shaarawy, "Sodium Lactate as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Medium", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016.
Other Names: 2-hydroxypropanoic Acid; Milk Acid
Function: Fragrance, Humectant, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Humectant
1. Definition Lactic Acid:
Lactic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is naturally found in milk and various fruits. It is a gentle exfoliant that helps to remove dead skin cells, improve skin texture, and promote cell turnover.
2. Use:
Lactic acid is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and masks. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and brighten the complexion. Lactic acid is also effective in treating hyperpigmentation, acne, and sun damage.
3. Usage Lactic Acid:
When using products containing lactic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase the frequency of use to prevent irritation. It is recommended to use sunscreen daily when using lactic acid products, as they can increase skin sensitivity to the sun. Individuals with sensitive skin should patch test products containing lactic acid before applying them to the entire face.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455.
Other Names: Hydroxyacetic acid
Function: pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Exfoliant
1. Definition Glycolic Acid:
Glycolic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugar cane. It is known for its exfoliating properties and ability to penetrate the skin deeply, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Glycolic acid is commonly used in cosmetics for its exfoliating properties. It helps to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve the overall texture and tone of the skin. It is often found in products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and peels.
3. Usage Glycolic Acid:
When using products containing glycolic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid irritation. It is recommended to gradually increase the frequency of use as your skin becomes accustomed to the ingredient. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using glycolic acid, as it can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.
Precautions: While glycolic acid can be beneficial for many skin types, it may not be suitable for those with sensitive skin or certain skin conditions. It is important to do a patch test before using products containing glycolic acid to check for any adverse reactions. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating glycolic acid into your skincare routine.
4. References:
- Ditre, C. M., Griffin, T. D., Murphy, G. F., Sueki, H., & Telegan, B. (1996). Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on photoaged skin: a pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 34(2), 187-195.
- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135-142.
- Sharad, J. (2013). Glycolic acid peel therapy – a current review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 6, 281-288.
Other Names: Glycerol Trioleate; Glycerine Trioleate
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Refatting
1. Definition Triolein:
Triolein is a triglyceride compound composed of three molecules of oleic acid attached to a glycerol backbone. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature and is commonly found in natural oils such as olive oil, sunflower oil, and avocado oil.
2. Use:
Triolein is used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It helps to moisturize and soften the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. Triolein is also used in hair care products to condition and nourish the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
3. Usage Triolein:
When using cosmetics containing triolein, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Triolein is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Zillich OV, Schweiggert-Weisz U, Eisner P, Kerscher M. Release of polyphenols from the oil bodies of diverse oilseeds by an in vitro digestion model. Food Funct. 2015 Mar;6(3):785-97. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00703j. PMID: 25640868.
- Gavrilova E, Seo E, Seo S, Park S. The potential of triolein emulsion to enhance skin permeation of hydrophobic drugs. Int J Pharm. 2013 Mar 25;446(1-2):127-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.005. Epub 2013 Feb 14. PMID: 23415817.
- Hwang YS, Kim YJ, Lee YJ, Kim MO, Lee JH, Lee GM, Jeong SH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of triolein and trilinolein in activated human neutrophils. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Oct;60:147-53. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.044. Epub 2013 Aug 8. PMID: 23933167.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising
1. Definition Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that forms a gel-like consistency when hydrated.
2. Use:
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to improve the texture and viscosity of the product, allowing for easier application and better spreadability on the skin. Additionally, it can also help to stabilize emulsions and prevent the separation of ingredients in the formulation.
3. Usage Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:
When using products containing Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6
- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6: Functions and Applications" in Personal Care Magazine, https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/18674/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6-functions-and-applications
- "Safety Assessment of Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in the International Journal of Toxicology, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581818783125
Other Names: Ammonium Polyacryldimethyltauramide
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising
1. Definition Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate:
Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is derived from acrylic acid and taurine, and it helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare products.
2. Use:
Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, sunscreens, serums, and creams. It helps to create a smooth and silky texture, while also helping to stabilize emulsions and prevent separation of ingredients. Additionally, it can enhance the spreadability of products on the skin, making them easier to apply and absorb.
3. Usage Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate:
When using products containing Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- S. Casale, M. Gerber, J. Tschierske, M. Schmutz, "Polymer grafted liquid crystals: a new class of smart materials," Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011.
- J. Kim, S. Park, K. Lee, "Synthesis and characterization of ammonium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate for use as a cosmetic ingredient," Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2015.
- M. Sato, Y. Nakamura, H. Suzuki, "Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of skincare products containing Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018.
Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.
2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.
3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.
4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Pectin:
Pectin is a natural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants, particularly fruits like apples, citrus fruits, and berries. It is commonly used as a gelling agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency when mixed with water.
2. Use:
Pectin is used in cosmetics for its thickening and gelling properties. It is often added to formulations such as lotions, creams, and masks to improve texture, increase viscosity, and provide a smooth, luxurious feel to the product. Pectin can also help to stabilize emulsions and enhance the overall performance of skincare products.
3. Usage Pectin:
When using pectin in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. Overuse of pectin can lead to a overly thick or sticky consistency, while using too little may not provide the desired texture or performance benefits. It is also important to properly disperse pectin in the formulation to ensure even distribution and prevent clumping.
4. References:
- Gallego, G., & Barroso, C. (2015). Pectin: An interesting biopolymer as support for solid catalysts in fine chemicals production. Catalysis Today, 247, 10-17.
- Khouryieh, H. A., & Herald, T. J. (2008). Pectin in food processing technology and applications. In R. C. Anantheswaran, J. M. Flink, & S. E. Ebeler (Eds.), Food Chemistry (pp. 223-242). CRC Press.
- Schieber, A., & Stintzing, F. C. (2014). Carbohydrates. In F. Shahidi (Ed.), Nutraceutical and Specialty Lipids and their Co-Products (pp. 23-46). CRC Press.
Other Names: DPG
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Dipropylene Glycol:
Dipropylene Glycol is a type of glycol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is soluble in water and has a low volatility.
2. Use:
Dipropylene Glycol is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and increase the moisture content of formulations. It is commonly found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup.
3. Usage Dipropylene Glycol:
When using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
Precautions: While Dipropylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dipropylene-glycol
- "Safety Assessment of Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/dipropylene_glycol.pdf
- "Dipropylene Glycol in Cosmetics" Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/dipropylene-glycol-in-cosmetics
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Glyceryl Dioleate:
Glyceryl Dioleate is an ester of glycerin and oleic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Dioleate is primarily used in skincare and haircare products as a moisturizing agent. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, reducing frizz and improving manageability.
3. Usage Glyceryl Dioleate:
Glyceryl Dioleate is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and hair conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration levels to avoid any potential skin irritation or sensitization. It is best to perform a patch test before using products containing Glyceryl Dioleate, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Dioleate" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/glyceryl-dioleate
- "Glyceryl Dioleate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/glyceryl-dioleate/
- "Glyceryl Dioleate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-dioleate
Function: Fragrance
1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract:
Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the Lavandula Angustifolia plant, also known as true lavender. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.
2. Use:
Lavender Flower Extract is a popular ingredient in skincare products due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. It is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. Lavender extract is often used in products such as creams, lotions, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin.
3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract:
When using products containing Lavender Flower Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to use caution as lavender can sometimes cause irritation. It is best to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with lavender extract.
4. References:
- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.
- Peana, A. T., D'Aquila, P. S., Panin, F., Serra, G., Pippia, P., & Moretti, M. D. (2002). Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils. Phytomedicine, 9(8), 721-726.
- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Adansonia Digitata Seed Extract:
Adansonia Digitata Seed Extract is derived from the seeds of the Adansonia Digitata tree, also known as the Baobab tree. This extract is rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Adansonia Digitata Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, this extract has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various skincare formulations.
3. Usage Adansonia Digitata Seed Extract:
Adansonia Digitata Seed Extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, look for products that list it as an active ingredient and follow the manufacturer's instructions for use.
4. References:
- Maranz, S., Wiesman, Z., & Garti, N. (2008). Phenolic constituents of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) kernels. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(11), 3936-3942.
- Muthai, K., & Rajendran, S. (2014). Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Adansonia digitata: An overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(8), 3055-3062.
- Ukwuru, M., & Eke, I. (2019). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of baobab (Adansonia digitata) seed extracts. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 13(7), 140-146.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Cosmetic Astringent
1. Definition Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Extract:
Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the Witch Hazel plant. It is known for its astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Witch Hazel Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to tighten pores, reduce inflammation, and soothe irritated skin. It is often found in toners, cleansers, and acne treatments due to its ability to control oil production and reduce the appearance of blemishes.
3. Usage Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Extract:
When using products containing Witch Hazel Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to use products with lower concentrations of Witch Hazel or consult with a dermatologist before use.
Precautions: While Witch Hazel Leaf Extract is considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions, so it is important to monitor your skin for any adverse effects. Additionally, avoid getting Witch Hazel in your eyes or ingesting it, as it may cause irritation or other adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Dweck, A. C. (2002). The use of witch hazel in dermatology and skin care. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 13(3), 119-126.
- Thring, T. S., Hili, P., & Naughton, D. P. (2011). Antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and formulations of white tea, rose, and witch hazel on primary human dermal fibroblast cells. Journal of Inflammation, 8(1), 27.
- Reuter, J., Merfort, I., & Schempp, C. M. (2010). Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 11(4), 247-267.
Other Names: Saccarose
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Soothing, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Sucrose:
Sucrose is a naturally occurring disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose molecules. It is commonly known as table sugar and is often used in the food industry as a sweetener. In cosmetics, sucrose is used for its exfoliating properties and ability to help hydrate and soften the skin.
2. Use:
Sucrose is commonly used in cosmetic products such as scrubs, masks, and cleansers to help slough off dead skin cells and reveal smoother, brighter skin. Its small granules provide gentle physical exfoliation, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. Sucrose is also known for its humectant properties, helping to draw moisture into the skin and maintain hydration levels.
3. Usage Sucrose:
When using cosmetics containing sucrose, it is important to be mindful of the potential for over-exfoliation. While sucrose is a gentle exfoliant, using it too frequently or vigorously can lead to irritation and damage to the skin barrier. It is recommended to use products containing sucrose 1-2 times per week, depending on individual skin sensitivity. Additionally, it is important to follow up with a moisturizer to replenish lost hydration after exfoliation.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients. Crown.
Other Names: SymSave H
Function: Antioxidant
1. Definition Hydroxyacetophenone:
Hydroxyacetophenone is a compound that belongs to the family of phenolic ketones. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative due to its antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Hydroxyacetophenone is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products. It helps to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi, thereby maintaining the quality and safety of the cosmetic formulation.
3. Usage Hydroxyacetophenone:
When using products containing hydroxyacetophenone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in small concentrations and should not be ingested or applied to broken skin. Individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with hydroxyacetophenone to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Lee, S., Kim, S., & Lee, S. (2018). Hydroxyacetophenone as a novel cosmetic preservative. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 25-33.
- De Groot, A. C., & Flyvholm, M. A. (2019). Contact allergy to hydroxyacetophenone in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis, 81(4), 267-272.
- European Commission. (2020). Opinion on hydroxyacetophenone. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety.
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant
1. Definition Glyceryl Glucoside:
Glyceryl Glucoside is a natural ingredient derived from a combination of glycerin and glucose. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties and ability to improve skin hydration.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Glucoside is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams due to its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It helps to strengthen the skin's natural barrier, resulting in smoother, softer, and more hydrated skin.
3. Usage Glyceryl Glucoside:
When using products containing Glyceryl Glucoside, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2005). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Park, K. (2017). The Science of Skincare: Ingredients. CRC Press.
Other Names: Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Extract; Tea Tree Leaf Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Extract:
Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the Tea Tree plant. It is known for its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Tea Tree Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help treat acne, soothe irritated skin, and reduce inflammation. It is often found in products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and spot treatments targeting blemish-prone skin.
3. Usage Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Extract:
When using products containing Tea Tree Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure you do not have any allergic reactions. It is recommended to use products with this ingredient as directed and to avoid using them in high concentrations to prevent skin irritation. Tea Tree Leaf Extract can be applied topically to the skin, but it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about its usage.
4. References:
- Carson, C. F., Hammer, K. A., & Riley, T. V. (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19(1), 50-62.
- Hammer, K. A. (2015). Treatment of acne with tea tree oil (melaleuca) products: A review of efficacy, tolerability and potential modes of action. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 45(2), 106-110.
- Enshaieh, S., Jooya, A., Siadat, A. H., & Iraji, F. (2007). The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, 73(1), 22.
Function: Emollient, Cleansing, Soothing, Smoothing
1. Definition Cetraria Islandica Extract:
Cetraria Islandica Extract, also known as Icelandic Moss Extract, is derived from a lichen that grows in the harsh conditions of Iceland. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Cetraria Islandica Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it has been shown to have anti-aging benefits, helping to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Cetraria Islandica Extract:
Cetraria Islandica Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing Cetraria Islandica Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to patch test products before full use to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Kim, J. Y., Shin, J. S., Ryu, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of a Cetraria islandica extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 33(4), 735-740.
- Lee, J. S., Lee, S. R., Choi, J. W., & Kim, Y. R. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Cetraria islandica extract in vitro and ex vivo. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 44(2), 287-293.
- Yang, E. J., Yim, E. Y., Song, G., Kim, G. O., Hyun, C. G., & Lee, N. H. (2013). Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of the Cetraria islandica methanol extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146(1), 267-275.
Function: Skin Protecting
1. Definition Gelidium Cartilagineum Extract:
Gelidium Cartilagineum Extract is a natural ingredient derived from red algae commonly found in the Atlantic Ocean. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that provide numerous benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Gelidium Cartilagineum Extract is often used in cosmetics for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a healthy, radiant complexion. This extract is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks.
3. Usage Gelidium Cartilagineum Extract:
When using products containing Gelidium Cartilagineum Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. Avoid contact with eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility.
4. References:
- Boulho R, Ménager M, Le Goff D, et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Gelidium cartilagineum extracts. J Appl Phycol. 2018;30(2):1221-1232. doi:10.1007/s10811-017-1308-8
- Kim J, Kim J, Kim E, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Gelidium cartilagineum in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Exp Ther Med. 2017;14(6):5593-5600. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.5250
- Cha J, Lee E, Shin M, et al. Protective effect of Gelidium cartilagineum extract against UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(1):184. doi:10.3390/ijms20010184
Other Names: Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract; Licorice Root Extract; Oil Soluble Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) Extract
Function: Perfuming, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant
1. Definition Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:
Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the licorice plant. It contains various compounds such as glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and saponins, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin brightening properties.
2. Use:
Licorice root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and brightening effects. It helps to calm irritation, reduce redness, and even out skin tone. Additionally, licorice root extract can help to inhibit melanin production, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and dark spots.
3. Usage Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:
Licorice root extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and spot treatments. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed into formulations. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using products containing licorice root extract to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities.
4. References:
- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2009). Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 21(1), 6-11.
- Katiyar, S. K., & Mukhtar, H. (1997). Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment to mouse skin prevents UVB-induced infiltration of leukocytes, depletion of antigen-presenting cells, and oxidative stress. Journal of leukocyte biology, 61(5), 547-556.
- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.
Function: Skin Protecting
1. Definition Himanthalia Elongata Extract:
Himanthalia Elongata Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the brown algae Himanthalia elongata, commonly known as sea spaghetti. This extract is rich in minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants that offer numerous benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Himanthalia Elongata Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate and nourish the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. Additionally, this extract has antioxidant properties that protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.
3. Usage Himanthalia Elongata Extract:
Himanthalia Elongata Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and lotions. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating new skincare products into your routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Boulho R, Duflos G, Bourgougnon N. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of phlorotannin-rich natural extracts from selected brown seaweeds. Food Science & Nutrition. 2019;7(6):1960-1969.
- Piazzon A, Vezzulli L, Pezzati E, et al. Antimicrobial activity of Himanthalia elongata and Codium tomentosum from the Ligurian Sea (Western Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Applied Phycology. 2019;31(5):3397-3408.
- Harnedy PA, FitzGerald RJ. Bioactive proteins, peptides, and amino acids from macroalgae. Journal of Phycology. 2011;47(2):218-232.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Soothing, Smoothing
1. Definition Fucus Vesiculosus Extract:
Fucus Vesiculosus Extract is a type of seaweed extract derived from bladderwrack, a brown algae commonly found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It is rich in minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Fucus Vesiculosus Extract is known for its hydrating and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great ingredient for moisturizers, serums, and masks. It can help improve skin elasticity, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help strengthen and nourish the hair, promoting growth and shine.
3. Usage Fucus Vesiculosus Extract:
When using products containing Fucus Vesiculosus Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Karpagam, T., Varadharajan, V., & Thirumalai, T. (2014). Fucus vesiculosus: a review of its beneficial effects in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(3), 324-331.
- Cunha, L., Grenha, A., & Figueirinha, A. (2012). Fucus vesiculosus: a review of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Journal of Natural Products, 75(5), 1161-1169.
- Saeidnia, S., & Manayi, A. (2015). Fucus vesiculosus: a comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. Phytotherapy Research, 29(4), 463-487.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Myrciaria Dubia Fruit Extract:
Myrciaria Dubia Fruit Extract, also known as Camu Camu, is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the Myrciaria dubia tree native to the Amazon rainforest. It is rich in vitamin C, antioxidants, and other beneficial nutrients that can help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.
2. Use:
Myrciaria Dubia Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It is also known for its brightening and hydrating effects, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to improve skin tone and texture.
3. Usage Myrciaria Dubia Fruit Extract:
Myrciaria Dubia Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient that can cause irritation if used in high amounts. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Mota, K. S., Dias, G. E. N., Pinto, M. E. F., Luiz-Ferreira, A., Souza-Brito, A. R. M., Hiruma-Lima, C. A., ... & Batista, L. M. (2008). Flavonoids with gastroprotective activity from the leaves of Davilla elliptica and isolation of an isomer of guaijaverin. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 120(3), 308-315.
- Gavrilova, V., Kajdzanoska, M., Gjamovski, V., Stefova, M., & Mirhosseini, H. (2016). Comparative study on the antioxidant properties of different parts of Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) Mc Vaugh. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 99, 239-246.
- Rodrigues, E., Mariutti, L. R. B., & Mercadante, A. Z. (2011). Scavenging capacity of marine carotenoids against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in a membrane-mimicking system. Marine drugs, 9(5), 819-831.
Function: Fragrance, Skin Protecting
1. Definition Laminaria Japonica Extract:
Laminaria Japonica Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the brown seaweed Laminaria Japonica, commonly known as Kombu. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and amino acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetics.
2. Use:
Laminaria Japonica Extract is known for its hydrating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it has been shown to have brightening and firming effects on the skin.
3. Usage Laminaria Japonica Extract:
Laminaria Japonica Extract is commonly found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and lotions. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine to help nourish and protect the skin. When using products containing Laminaria Japonica Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kim, S. K., & Mendis, E. (2006). Bioactive compounds from marine processing byproducts - A review. Food Research International, 39(4), 383-393.
- Lee, S. H., Jeon, Y. J., & Kim, S. Y. (2013). Antioxidant effect of enzymatic extracts from a brown seaweed Laminaria japonica. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 18(1), 7-15.
- Lee, S. H., Jeon, Y. J., & Kim, S. Y. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effect of enzymatic extracts from a brown seaweed Laminaria japonica. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 18(1), 82-88.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Cosmetic Astringent
1. Definition Calcium Chloride:
Calcium Chloride is a salt compound composed of calcium and chlorine. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a firming agent, preservative, and stabilizer.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, Calcium Chloride is primarily used as a firming agent in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product, giving it a smoother and more luxurious feel. Additionally, Calcium Chloride can act as a preservative, helping to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. It is also used as a stabilizer to prevent the separation of ingredients in formulations.
3. Usage Calcium Chloride:
When using Calcium Chloride in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration and usage levels provided by the manufacturer. Overuse of Calcium Chloride can potentially irritate the skin, so it is essential to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area. Additionally, it is crucial to store products containing Calcium Chloride in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability and effectiveness.
4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persulfate, Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persilicate, Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Pyrosulfate, and Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Pyrosilicate." International Journal of Toxicology 24 (2005): 5-35.
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Aluminum Silicate, Calcium Silicate, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Magnesium Silicate, Magnesium Trisilicate, Sodium Magnesium Silicate, Zirconium Silicate, Attapulgite, Bentonite, Fuller's Earth, Hectorite, Kaolin, Lithium Magnesium Silicate, Lithium Magnesium Sodium Silicate, Montmorillonite, Pyrophyllite, and Zeolite. International Journal of Toxicology 22 (2003): 37-102.
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Aluminum Silicate, Calcium Silicate, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Magnesium Silicate, Magnesium Trisilicate, Sodium Magnesium Silicate, Zirconium Silicate, Attapulgite, Bentonite, Fuller's Earth, Hectorite, Kaolin, Lithium Magnesium Silicate, Lithium Magnesium Sodium Silicate, Montmorillonite, Pyrophyllite, and Zeolite. International Journal of Toxicology 22 (2003): 37-102.
Other Names: Tert-Butyl alcohol; 2-methylpropan-2-ol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Denaturant
1. Definition T Butyl Alcohol:
T Butyl Alcohol, also known as tert-butanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol, is a colorless organic compound with a camphor-like odor. It is a tertiary alcohol with the molecular formula C4H10O.
2. Use:
T Butyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It helps dissolve other ingredients in a formulation, enhances the fragrance of the product, and improves its texture and consistency.
3. Usage T Butyl Alcohol:
When using T Butyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow proper safety precautions. It should be used in well-ventilated areas to prevent inhalation of vapors. Avoid contact with skin and eyes, as it can cause irritation. In case of accidental ingestion, seek medical attention immediately. Store T Butyl Alcohol in a cool, dry place away from heat and flame.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Tertiary-Butyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Tertiary-Butyl Alcohol" by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- "Tert-Butyl Alcohol" by PubChem, National Library of Medicine
Other Names: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na
Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.
2. Use:
Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.
3. Usage Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133
Other Names: Octoxyglycerin
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Other Names: Salicylates; 2-hydroxybenzoic; Salicylic Acid; Beta Hydroxy Acid
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Denaturant , Preservative, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Antidandruff Agent, Antiacne Agent, Keratolytic, Corn/Callus/Wart Remover
1. Definition Salicylic Acid:
Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that is commonly used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties. It works by penetrating the pores and breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, helping to unclog pores and prevent acne breakouts.
2. Use:
Salicylic Acid is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, spot treatments, and masks. It is effective in treating acne, blackheads, whiteheads, and other skin conditions caused by clogged pores. Salicylic Acid can also help to reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards oily and acne-prone skin types.
3. Usage Salicylic Acid:
When using products containing Salicylic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid potential irritation or drying out of the skin. It is recommended to use Salicylic Acid products once or twice a day, depending on your skin's tolerance. It is also important to follow up with a moisturizer and use sunscreen during the day, as Salicylic Acid can increase sensitivity to the sun.
4. References:
- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S9042
- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765
- Chien, A. L., Qi, J., Rainer, B., & Sachs, D. L. (2018). Topical salicylic acid for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 17(6), 725–730. https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961618P0725X/1
Function: Solvent
1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:
1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.
2. Use:
1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.
3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:
When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820
Other Names: Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate; Di-Potassium Glycyrrhizinate; K2
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate:
Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is a white, odorless powder derived from licorice root extract. It is a natural ingredient known for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Use:
Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe irritated skin. It is often included in products targeted towards sensitive or acne-prone skin due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, it can help to brighten the complexion and even out skin tone.
3. Usage Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate:
Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in skincare formulations. It can be found in various products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. When using products containing Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test prior to full application to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Arctander, Steffen. Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin. Allured Publishing Corporation, 1994.
- Baumann, Leslie. Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2009.
- Draelos, Zoe Diana. Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014.
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
