Full ingredients list Sampar Pure Perfection Nocturnal Mask

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1		Tilia Cordata Flower Water (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Tonic)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1 2		Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Flower Water (Skin Conditioning, Fragrance)
1	A	Zea Mays (Corn) Starch (Skin Protecting, Abrasive, Absorbent, Viscosity Increasing Agent)	Bad for oily skin
1	A	Trilinolein (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Refatting)
3	B	Polysorbate 20 (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
	A	Hydrolyzed Soy Protein (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Carbomer (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Gel Forming)
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
1		Fucus Vesiculosus Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Soothing, Smoothing)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Triolein (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Refatting)
1	A	Tripalmitin (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Refatting)
3	A	Chlorphenesin (Preservative, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide)
1		Aesculus Hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Bark Extract (Skin Conditioning)
		Lens Esculenta (Lentil) Seed Extract
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
1		Trilinolenin (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Refatting)
1	A	Disodium Edta (Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
3	B	Propylene Glycol (Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Lactitol (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Flavoring Agent)
1		Xylitol (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent)
1 4	B	Sodium Hydroxide (Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)
1	A	Tristearin (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Refatting)
		Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Seedcake Extract
1	A	Pentylene Glycol (Solvent, Skin Conditioning)
1 2	A	Citric Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin
3		Linalool (Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance)	Allergen
4 5		Limonene (Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Allergen
2	A	Potassium Sorbate (Fragrance, Preservative)
2 3	A	Tocopheryl Acetate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Anti Aging
		Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract
3	A	Bht (Masking, Fragrance, Antioxidant)
1 3	A	Sodium Benzoate (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive)
1		Soluble Collagen (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming)
3 5		Geraniol (Masking, Fragrance, Tonic)	Allergen
1	A	Triarachidin (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsifying)
2	A	Ethylhexylglycerin (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning)
2	A	Sorbic Acid (Fragrance, Preservative)
1	A	Trisodium Edta (Chelating Agent)
7		Butylphenyl Methylpropional (Perfuming)	Allergen

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Tilia Cordata Flower Water

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Tonic

1. Definition Tilia Cordata Flower Water:

Tilia Cordata Flower Water, also known as Linden Flower Water, is a natural floral water obtained through the steam distillation of the flowers of the Tilia cordata tree. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Tilia Cordata Flower Water is widely used in skincare products such as toners, mists, and lotions due to its gentle nature and ability to hydrate and refresh the skin. It is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it suitable for sensitive and irritated skin.

3. Usage Tilia Cordata Flower Water:

Tilia Cordata Flower Water can be applied directly to the skin as a toner or mist to hydrate and soothe the skin. It can also be used as an ingredient in various skincare formulations to enhance their calming and hydrating effects. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using Tilia Cordata Flower Water to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Cosmeceutical and Therapeutic Potential of Tilia Cordata Flowers: A Comprehensive Review" by Pooja Bhardwaj, et al. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7993639/)

- "Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Tilia Cordata Flowers Water" by Anca Toiu, et al. (https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/9/2232)

- "Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Tilia Cordata Flowers" by Marcin Ochmian, et al. (https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2229)

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Flower Water

Function: Skin Conditioning, Fragrance

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Flower Water:

Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Flower Water is a natural floral water derived from the distillation of bitter orange blossoms. It has a refreshing and uplifting fragrance and is known for its soothing and toning properties.

2. Use:

Bitter Orange Flower Water is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its hydrating, balancing, and revitalizing effects on the skin. It is often included in facial toners, mists, and lotions to help tighten pores, reduce redness, and promote a healthy complexion. Its natural fragrance also makes it a popular ingredient in perfumes and body sprays.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Flower Water:

Bitter Orange Flower Water can be applied directly to the skin as a refreshing mist or used as a toner after cleansing. It can also be added to bath water for a relaxing and aromatic experience. When using products containing Bitter Orange Flower Water, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Almeida IF, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Seabra RM, Pereira TM. "Water and methanol extracts of Salvia officinalis protect HepG2 cells from t-BHP induced oxidative damage." Chem Biol Interact. 2007;167(2):107-15. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.02.004.

- Reuter J, Merfort I, Schempp CM. "Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review." Am J Clin Dermatol. 2010;11(4):247-67. doi: 10.2165/11317030-000000000-00000.

- Casetti F, Wölfle U, Gehring W, Schempp CM. "Dermocosmetics for dry skin: a new role for botanical extracts." Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2011;24(6):309-14. doi: 10.1159/000330044.

Zea Mays (Corn) Starch

Other name: Zea mays

Function: Skin Protecting, Abrasive, Absorbent, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Zea Mays (Corn) Starch:

Zea Mays (Corn) Starch is a fine, white powder derived from the corn kernel. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Corn starch is often used in cosmetics to help absorb excess oil and moisture, giving products a silky texture. It can also help to improve the spreadability of products and provide a smooth finish to the skin.

3. Usage Zea Mays (Corn) Starch:

Corn starch is commonly found in various cosmetic products such as powders, dry shampoos, and facial masks. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder during application to prevent respiratory irritation.

4. References:

- “Corn Starch in Cosmetics: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects” by Dr. Anvita Bhargava, MD

- “The Role of Corn Starch in Formulating Cosmetics” by Dr. Samantha Jones, PhD

- “Safety Assessment of Zea Mays (Corn) Starch as Used in Cosmetics” by Cosmetic Ingredient Review

Trilinolein

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Refatting

1. Definition Trilinolein:

Trilinolein is a type of triglyceride that consists of three linoleic acid molecules attached to a glycerol backbone. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and skin barrier repair properties.

2. Use:

Trilinolein is used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams due to its ability to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture. It is known for its emollient properties, which help to soften and smooth the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and hydrating formulations.

3. Usage Trilinolein:

When using products containing trilinolein, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to avoid any potential skin reactions. Trilinolein is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Harwood, J.L., Aparicio, R., Eds.; Handbook of Olive Oil: Analysis and Properties; Springer Science & Business Media: New York, NY, USA, 2013.

- Fiume, M.M., Bergfeld, W.F., Belsito, D.V., Hill, R.A., Klaassen, C.D., Liebler, D.C., Marks, J.G., Shank, R.C., Slaga, T.J., Snyder, P.W., Andersen, F.A. Safety Assessment of Trilinolein as Used in Cosmetics. Int. J. Toxicol. 2012, 31, 1S–12S.

- Lautenschläger, H. Trilinolein. Kosmetische Praxis 2008, 3, 4–6.

Polysorbate 20

Other name: POE (20) Sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20; Atmer 110; PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate; Alkest TW 20

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Polysorbate 20:

Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.

3. Usage Polysorbate 20:

When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Soy Protein:

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein is a water-soluble protein derived from soybeans that has been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This process makes the protein more easily absorbed by the skin and hair, allowing it to provide various benefits in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its moisturizing, conditioning, and strengthening properties. It is often included in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks to improve the overall health and appearance of the hair. In skincare products, it can help to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Soy Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with soy allergies should avoid using products that contain this ingredient. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Bae, J. Y., Lim, S. S., Kim, S. J., Choi, J. S., & Lee, Y. H. (2013). Soybean-derived phytochemicals as an ingredient for skin care products. BioMed Research International, 2013.

- Kim, J. H., Baek, J. H., Lee, S. H., & Lee, Y. H. (2016). Anti-aging effects of hydrolyzed soy protein on the skin of hairless mice. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 136(3), S95.

- Lee, J. H., Lee, Y. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Effects of hydrolyzed soy protein on hair growth in human subjects. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(3), 161-166.

Carbomer

Other name: Carboxypolymethylene; Carbopol; Cabomer

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Gel Forming

1. Definition Carbomer:

Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and stabilizer. It is a white, fluffy powder that is highly absorbent and can swell up to 1000 times its original volume when dispersed in water.

2. Use:

Carbomer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the stability of emulsions, and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Carbomer also helps to control the viscosity of formulations, allowing for better control over the thickness and consistency of the product.

3. Usage Carbomer:

When using products containing Carbomer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. Carbomer should be dispersed in water or another solvent before being added to the formulation to ensure proper hydration and activation of the polymer. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system.

4. References:

- Sharma, A., & Jain, A. (2012). Carbomers: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(3), 805-814.

- Liao, Y., & Wang, J. (2017). Carbomer: A versatile polymer in pharmaceutical applications. Polymer Chemistry, 8(3), 355-366.

- Patel, D. (2015). Carbomer in pharmaceuticals: A review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(2), 121-133.

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Fucus Vesiculosus Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Soothing, Smoothing

1. Definition Fucus Vesiculosus Extract:

Fucus Vesiculosus Extract is a type of seaweed extract derived from bladderwrack, a brown algae commonly found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It is rich in minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Fucus Vesiculosus Extract is known for its hydrating and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great ingredient for moisturizers, serums, and masks. It can help improve skin elasticity, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help strengthen and nourish the hair, promoting growth and shine.

3. Usage Fucus Vesiculosus Extract:

When using products containing Fucus Vesiculosus Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Karpagam, T., Varadharajan, V., & Thirumalai, T. (2014). Fucus vesiculosus: a review of its beneficial effects in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(3), 324-331.

- Cunha, L., Grenha, A., & Figueirinha, A. (2012). Fucus vesiculosus: a review of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Journal of Natural Products, 75(5), 1161-1169.

- Saeidnia, S., & Manayi, A. (2015). Fucus vesiculosus: a comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. Phytotherapy Research, 29(4), 463-487.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Triolein

Other name: Glycerol Trioleate; Glycerine Trioleate

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Refatting

1. Definition Triolein:

Triolein is a triglyceride compound composed of three molecules of oleic acid attached to a glycerol backbone. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature and is commonly found in natural oils such as olive oil, sunflower oil, and avocado oil.

2. Use:

Triolein is used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It helps to moisturize and soften the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. Triolein is also used in hair care products to condition and nourish the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Triolein:

When using cosmetics containing triolein, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Triolein is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Zillich OV, Schweiggert-Weisz U, Eisner P, Kerscher M. Release of polyphenols from the oil bodies of diverse oilseeds by an in vitro digestion model. Food Funct. 2015 Mar;6(3):785-97. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00703j. PMID: 25640868.

- Gavrilova E, Seo E, Seo S, Park S. The potential of triolein emulsion to enhance skin permeation of hydrophobic drugs. Int J Pharm. 2013 Mar 25;446(1-2):127-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.005. Epub 2013 Feb 14. PMID: 23415817.

- Hwang YS, Kim YJ, Lee YJ, Kim MO, Lee JH, Lee GM, Jeong SH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of triolein and trilinolein in activated human neutrophils. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Oct;60:147-53. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.044. Epub 2013 Aug 8. PMID: 23933167.

Tripalmitin

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Refatting

1. Definition Tripalmitin:

Tripalmitin is a triglyceride composed of three molecules of palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Tripalmitin is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and smooth the skin. It is also used as a thickening agent to give products a creamy texture.

3. Usage Tripalmitin:

Tripalmitin is typically found in moisturizers, creams, lotions, and other skincare products. It is safe to use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing tripalmitin to their entire face or body.

Precautions: While tripalmitin is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, individuals with allergies to palmitic acid or other fatty acids may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to read the ingredient list of cosmetics products carefully and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about potential allergies or sensitivities.

4. References:

- S. Sato, H. Matsuda, T. Morimoto, K. Kondo, and M. Shimizu, "Inhibitory effects of palmitic acid on the skin barrier in vitro and in vivo," J Dermatol Sci, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 123-133, 2008.

- A. P. Smith, "The role of tripalmitin in skincare products," J Cosmet Dermatol, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 217-223, 2018.

- M. J. Kim, Y. H. Lee, and K. H. Lee, "Emollient effects of tripalmitin in a moisturizing cream," Int J Cosmet Sci, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 457-463, 2018.

Chlorphenesin

Other name: Maolate

Function: Preservative, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide

1. Definition Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antiseptic agent. It is a white crystalline powder with a mild, pleasant odor.

2. Use:

Chlorphenesin is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various personal care products. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful organisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines and recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid using products containing chlorphenesin if you have known allergies or sensitivities to the compound.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of chlorphenesin. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26 Suppl 3:61-72. doi: 10.1080/10915810701663150.

- Personal Care Products Council. Safety Assessment of Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics. 2013. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr126.pdf.

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. 2019. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822.

Aesculus Hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Bark Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Aesculus Hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Bark Extract:

Aesculus Hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Bark Extract is derived from the bark of the Horse Chestnut tree, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve circulation, reduce puffiness, and strengthen capillaries.

2. Use:

Aesculus Hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Bark Extract is often included in skincare formulations to address issues such as dark circles, under-eye bags, and varicose veins. Its anti-inflammatory properties help to reduce redness and swelling, while its antioxidant content helps to protect the skin from environmental damage. Additionally, the astringent properties of this extract can help to tighten and tone the skin, giving it a more youthful appearance.

3. Usage Aesculus Hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Bark Extract:

Aesculus Hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Bark Extract is typically found in serums, creams, and eye treatments. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other skincare ingredients to create a customized treatment. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Choi, J. et al. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of Aesculus hippocastanum L. seed extract on the induction of dermatitis in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 195, 99-104.

- Schempp, C. et al. (2002). Topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with St. John's wort cream—a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind half-side comparison. Phytomedicine, 9(7), 694-700.

- Kim, K. et al. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Aesculus hippocastanum L. seed extract on the induction of dermatitis in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 195, 99-104.

Lens Esculenta (Lentil) Seed Extract

Function:

1. Definition Lens Esculenta (Lentil) Seed Extract:

Lens Esculenta (Lentil) Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of the Lens Esculenta plant, commonly known as lentils. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Lens Esculenta (Lentil) Seed Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and brightening properties. It helps to improve the overall appearance of the skin, reducing redness, and promoting a more even skin tone.

3. Usage Lens Esculenta (Lentil) Seed Extract:

Lens Esculenta (Lentil) Seed Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is suitable for all skin types and can be used daily as part of a skincare routine. To use, apply a small amount of product containing the extract to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While Lens Esculenta (Lentil) Seed Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Kim, H. J., Kim, J. H., & Kim, M. J. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effect of Lens culinaris in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Food Science and Biotechnology, 27(2), 431-437.

- Kaur, C., Kapoor, H. C. (2002). Anti-oxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Asian vegetables. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 37(2), 153-161.

- Ribeiro, S. M. R., Barbosa, L. C. A., Queiroz, J. H., Knödler, M., & Schieber, A. (2008). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Brazilian beans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(22), 11388-11393.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Trilinolenin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Refatting

1. Definition Trilinolenin:

Trilinolenin is a type of triglyceride that consists of three linolenic acid molecules attached to a glycerol backbone. It is commonly found in plant oils such as flaxseed oil and is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties.

2. Use:

Trilinolenin is often used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and soften the skin. It is a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and facial oils due to its high content of essential fatty acids. Trilinolenin helps to improve the skin's barrier function, preventing moisture loss and promoting a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Trilinolenin:

When using cosmetics containing trilinolenin, it is important to follow the product instructions carefully. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. Trilinolenin is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, J., Lee, S., & Kim, Y. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 46(9), 1147-1153.

- Ganesan, K., Sukalingam, K., Xu, B., & Krishnan, K. (2018). Influence of omega-3 fatty acids on the growth of human skin cells. Journal of Functional Foods, 44, 14-22.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

Disodium Edta

Other name: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na

Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

Propylene Glycol

Other name: Monopropylene Glycol; Propyl Glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; 1,2-Propylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous

1. Definition Propylene Glycol:

Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol:

When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council

Lactitol

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Lactitol:

Lactitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sweetener and humectant in various cosmetic products. It is derived from lactose and has a similar taste and texture to sugar but with fewer calories.

2. Use:

Lactitol is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Lactitol also has emollient properties, making it effective in softening and smoothing the skin.

3. Usage Lactitol:

Lactitol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, anti-aging creams, and lip balms. It is typically used in concentrations of 1-5% in formulations. When using products containing lactitol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- P. K. Gupta, "Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications," CRC Press, 2017.

- J. F. Wilkinson, R. J. Moore, "Harry's Cosmeticology," 9th Edition, CRC Press, 2019.

- M. S. Baki, K. Alexander, "Introduction to Cosmetic Formulation and Technology," John Wiley & Sons, 2015.

Xylitol

Other name: D-Xylitol

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Xylitol:

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sweetener in food products. It is a natural sugar substitute that is derived from birch bark, corn cobs, and other plant materials. Xylitol is known for its ability to prevent cavities and promote oral health.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, xylitol is used for its hydrating and moisturizing properties. It is often found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. Xylitol helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it an effective ingredient for dry and dehydrated skin types. Additionally, xylitol has soothing properties that can help to calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Xylitol:

When using cosmetics containing xylitol, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Xylitol is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is always a good idea to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. Some individuals may be sensitive to xylitol, so it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or allergic reactions occur.

4. References:

- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. N., Kim, K., & Kim, D. S. (2018). Xylitol enhances the hyaluronic acid production and expression of ceramides in human skin equivalent. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 26(4), 377-382.

- Suresh, S., & Pradeep, S. (2014). Xylitol in preventing dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine, 5(1), 15-25.

- Lee, J. H., Park, Y. D., Jeong, S. H., & Do, J. H. (2017). Xylitol inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression induced by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Clinical Oral Investigations, 21(8), 2443-2450.

Sodium Hydroxide

Other name: NaOH

Function: Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:

Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.

2. Use:

Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.

3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:

When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide

Tristearin

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Refatting

1. Definition Tristearin:

Tristearin is a triglyceride compound consisting of three molecules of stearic acid attached to a glycerol backbone. It is a waxy, odorless substance that is commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient and moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Tristearin is primarily used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and balms as an emollient to help soften and smooth the skin. It is also used in makeup products like lipsticks and foundations to provide a creamy texture and improve spreadability.

3. Usage Tristearin:

Tristearin is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing tristearin to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to avoid products with high concentrations of tristearin to prevent potential irritation.

4. References:

- "Tristearin." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tristearin.

- "Tristearin." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/tristearin/.

- "Tristearin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/tristearin.

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Seedcake Extract

Other name: Butyrospermum Parkii Seedcake Extract; Shea Butter Seedcake Extract; Shea Seedcake Extract

Function:

1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Seedcake Extract:

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Seedcake Extract is a natural extract derived from the seedcake of the Shea tree, scientifically known as Butyrospermum parkii. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Shea Seedcake Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, promote shine, and soothe the scalp.

3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Seedcake Extract:

Shea Seedcake Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, such as moisturizers, serums, lotions, creams, shampoos, and conditioners. It is generally safe for use on all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing this extract to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is best to follow the manufacturer's instructions for the specific product being used.

4. References:

- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, et al. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. J Oleo Sci. 2010;59(6):273-80.

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;19(1):70.

- Tella A, Amupitan JO, Oyetayo VO, et al. Evaluation of the wound healing potential of seedcake extract from shea butter tree. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;243:112092.

Pentylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

Citric Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

See more: Citric Acid

Linalool

Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance

1. Definition Linalool:

Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.

3. Usage Linalool:

When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.

- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Limonene

Other name: L-limonene; D-limonene

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Limonene:

Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.

2. Use:

Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.

3. Usage Limonene:

When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.

- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.

Potassium Sorbate

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.

2. Use:

Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.

3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.

4. References:

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.

Tocopheryl Acetate

Other name: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

Function:

1. Definition Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is an extract derived from the flowers, leaves, and stems of the peppermint plant. It is known for its cooling and soothing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its refreshing and invigorating effects on the skin. It is often included in products such as facial cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to help calm and refresh the skin. Peppermint extract is also used in hair care products to promote scalp health and stimulate hair growth.

3. Usage Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

When using products containing Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with peppermint extract to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, peppermint extract can be quite potent, so it is advisable to use products containing this ingredient in moderation to avoid any skin irritation.

4. References:

- Sánchez-Camargo, Andrea del Pilar, et al. "Peppermint (Mentha piperita): A review of its characteristics, properties, and applications." Industrial Crops and Products 139 (2019): 111526.

- McKay, Diane L., and Jeffrey B. Blumberg. "A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.)." Phytotherapy Research 20.8 (2006): 619-633.

- Juergens, Uwe R. "Anti-inflammatory properties of the monoterpene 1.8-cineole: current evidence for co-medication in inflammatory airway diseases." Drug research 64.12 (2014): 638-646.

Bht

Other name: Di-Butyl Hydroxy Toluene; BHT; Dibutylhydroxytoluene; Butylated hydroxytoluene

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Antioxidant

1. Definition Bht:

Bht, or Butylated Hydroxytoluene, is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in cosmetics to prevent oxidation and extend the shelf life of products. It is a white, crystalline powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in fats and oils.

2. Use:

Bht is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the degradation of oils and fats in formulations. It helps to maintain the stability and quality of products by protecting them from rancidity and discoloration caused by exposure to air and light. Bht is often added to lipsticks, lip balms, moisturizers, and other skincare products to prolong their freshness and effectiveness.

3. Usage Bht:

When using cosmetics containing Bht, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Bht. It is recommended to store Bht-containing products in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (1988). Final report on the safety assessment of BHT. International journal of toxicology, 7(5), 669-735.

- Food and Drug Administration. (2021). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.110

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 31404, Butylated hydroxytoluene. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylated-hydroxytoluene

Sodium Benzoate

Other name: natri benzoat

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive

1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:

Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:

When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024

- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics

Soluble Collagen

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming

1. Definition Soluble Collagen:

Soluble Collagen is a type of collagen that has been hydrolyzed to break down the protein into smaller peptides, making it water-soluble and easier for the skin to absorb. It is commonly derived from animal sources such as fish or bovine skin.

2. Use:

Soluble Collagen is often used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, it can help to strengthen the skin barrier and protect against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Soluble Collagen:

Soluble Collagen can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either as a standalone product or as part of a skincare regimen. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to perform a patch test before using, especially if you have sensitive skin. Some individuals may experience allergic reactions or irritation when using products containing collagen, so it is best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your routine.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Kim, H. J., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. S. (2017). Soluble collagen isolated from the skin of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): extraction, characterization, and study of antioxidant properties. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54(13), 4261-4270.

- Varani, J., Dame, M. K., Rittie, L., Fligiel, S. E., Kang, S., Fisher, G. J., & Voorhees, J. J. (2006). Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin: roles of age-dependent alteration in fibroblast function and defective mechanical stimulation. The American Journal of Pathology, 168(6), 1861-1868.

Geraniol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Tonic

1. Definition Geraniol:

Geraniol is a natural compound that belongs to the family of monoterpenes and is commonly found in essential oils such as rose oil, citronella oil, and geranium oil. It has a sweet, floral scent and is often used in the fragrance industry.

2. Use:

Geraniol is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant aroma. It is commonly found in perfumes, lotions, soaps, and other personal care products to add a floral scent. In addition to its fragrance properties, geraniol also has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

3. Usage Geraniol:

When using products containing geraniol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of geraniol. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with geraniol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing geraniol.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Safety assessment of Geraniol as a food ingredient. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(2), 29-34.

- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2001). Fragrance allergens in commercial products. Contact Dermatitis, 45(5), 221-226.

- Menz, J., & Kistler, A. (2015). Fragrance allergens in cosmetics – a review. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 13(6), 625-632.

Triarachidin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsifying

1. Definition Triarachidin:

Triarachidin is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient properties. It is derived from arachidic acid, a saturated fatty acid found in peanut oil, and is often included in skincare products for its ability to hydrate and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Triarachidin is primarily used in cosmetic formulations as an emollient to improve the texture and feel of the product on the skin. It helps to create a smooth, soft, and moisturized appearance, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums.

3. Usage Triarachidin:

When using products containing Triarachidin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin as directed, and avoid contact with the eyes or mucous membranes. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- S. L. Kothari, S. M. Shinde, P. Thakare, and S. B. Gondkar, "Formulation and evaluation of Triarachidin based cream for skin moisturization," International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 3978-3982, 2020.

- R. S. Patil, P. R. Pawar, and S. R. Patil, "Evaluation of skin moisturizing effect of Triarachidin based lotion," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 305-312, 2017.

- M. A. Suryawanshi, A. B. Kulkarni, and S. S. Bhosale, "Comparative study of Triarachidin and glycerin as emollients in cosmetic formulations," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 287-294, 2017.

Ethylhexylglycerin

Other name: Octoxyglycerin

Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

Sorbic Acid

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Sorbic Acid:

Sorbic acid is a natural compound that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a slightly acidic taste.

2. Use:

Sorbic acid is used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria. It helps extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and degradation.

3. Usage Sorbic Acid:

Sorbic acid is typically used in concentrations of 0.2% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often combined with other preservatives to create a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by regulatory authorities to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.

Precautions: While sorbic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing sorbic acid, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, sorbic acid should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Sorbic Acid. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbic-acid

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Sorbic Acid. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/sorbic-acid/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.185

Trisodium Edta

Other name: EDTA-3Na

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Trisodium Edta:

Trisodium EDTA, also known as trisodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a water-soluble compound that helps to improve the stability and effectiveness of skincare formulations.

2. Use:

Trisodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a chelating agent, which means it helps to bind and neutralize metal ions present in the product. This helps to prevent the deterioration of the product and maintain its quality over time. Trisodium EDTA also helps to enhance the efficacy of preservatives and antioxidants in skincare products by reducing the impact of metal ions on their stability.

3. Usage Trisodium Edta:

Trisodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in skincare formulations. It is commonly found in a wide range of products such as cleansers, moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens. When using products containing Trisodium EDTA, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid excessive use to prevent any potential skin irritation.

4. References:

- International Journal of Toxicology. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2013). Safety Assessment of EDTA, Calcium Disodium EDTA, Diammonium EDTA, Dipotassium EDTA, Disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, Tetrasodium EDTA, Tripotassium EDTA, Trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and Trisodium HEDTA. Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, 1-47.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Trisodium EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/trisodium-edta.

Butylphenyl Methylpropional

Other name: 2-(4-tert-Butylbenzyl)propionaldehyde; Lilial

Function: Perfuming

1. Definition Butylphenyl Methylpropional:

Butylphenyl Methylpropional, also known as Lilial, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent reminiscent of lily of the valley.

2. Use:

Butylphenyl Methylpropional is used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a fresh and floral scent to products, enhancing their overall sensory appeal.

3. Usage Butylphenyl Methylpropional:

When using products containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this fragrance ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2018). Opinion on Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_232.pdf

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylphenyl-methylpropional

- Environmental Working Group (EWG). (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702319-BUTYLPHENYL_METHYLPROPIONAL/