Full ingredients list Smashbox Photo Finish Correct ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1 3	A	Dimethicone (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent)	Silicone
1	A	Vinyl Dimethicone/ Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer (Viscosity Controlling)
1		Methyl Trimethicone (Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer (Viscosity Controlling)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1 2	A	Silica (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent)
1		Hydroxyethyl Urea (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Hair Conditioning)
1		Algae Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Fragrance, Humectant)
1		Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract (Skin Conditioning, Tonic)
1		Fuscoporia Obliqua Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract (Antioxidant)
1		Lactobacillus Ferment (Skin Conditioning)
1		Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract
1		Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract (Astringent)
1		Poria Cocos Sclerotium Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Caffeine (Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning)
1		Yeast Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Sorbitol (Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent, Plasticizer)
1		Sodium Polyaspartate (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Hair Conditioning)
2	A	Ethylhexylglycerin (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning)
1		Pantethine (Emollient, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Trehalose (Humectant, Moisturising, Flavoring Agent)
1	A	Sodium Hyaluronate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
1	B	Isohexadecane (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	B	Isopropyl Isostearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Binding Agent, Binding)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Ppg 15 Stearyl Ether (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
3	A	Peg 8 Dimethicone (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning)
1		Polyglyceryl 3 Disiloxane Dimethicone (Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Surfactant - Emulsifyingagent)
1		Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone (Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Hair Conditioning)
1	B	Trimethylsiloxysilicate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent)
1		Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer (Viscosity Controlling)
1 2		Acrylamide/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising)
3	B	Polysorbate 80 (Denaturant , Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Disodium Edta (Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
2	A	Tin Oxide (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Bulking Agent)
1	A	Cellulose (Viscosity Controlling, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Opacifying, Slip Modifier)
1	A	Synthetic Fluorphlogopite (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Bulking Agent)
1		Triethoxycaprylylsilane (Binding Agent, Binding)
2 3	A	Tocopheryl Acetate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Anti Aging
1		Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
3	A	Bht (Masking, Fragrance, Antioxidant)
1	A	Sodium Dehydroacetate (Preservative)
2	A	Potassium Sorbate (Fragrance, Preservative)
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
1 3		Titanium Dioxide (Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying)	UV Protection Good for sensitive skin
2 5		Chromium Oxide Greens (Cosmetic Colorant, Hair Dyeing)
2		Mica (Cosmetic Colorant, Opacifying)
1		Bismuth Oxychloride (Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant)
2		Iron Oxides (Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant)

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Dimethicone

Other name: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent

1. Definition Dimethicone:

Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone:

When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.

Vinyl Dimethicone/ Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer

Function: Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Vinyl Dimethicone/ Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer:

Vinyl Dimethicone/ Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and texture enhancer. It is a crosslinked polymer of vinyl dimethicone and methicone silsesquioxane, which helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin.

2. Use:

Vinyl Dimethicone/ Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer is often used in cosmetic formulations such as foundations, primers, and skincare products to improve the texture, spreadability, and overall performance of the product. It helps to create a smooth and even application, as well as providing a soft focus effect on the skin.

3. Usage Vinyl Dimethicone/ Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer:

When using cosmetics containing Vinyl Dimethicone/ Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- "Silicone Crosspolymer: A Multifunctional Ingredient in Cosmetics" by R. Y. Sur, S. K. Singh, and A. K. Garg. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018.

- "Silicone Polymers in Cosmetics" by P. K. Dubey and S. N. Sharma. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2016.

- "The Role of Silicones in Cosmetics" by M. L. Correa and L. M. R. Costa. Journal of Applied Cosmetology, 2020.

Methyl Trimethicone

Other name: TMF-1.5

Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Methyl Trimethicone:

Methyl Trimethicone is a type of silicone-based compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Methyl Trimethicone is often included in cosmetic formulations to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin. It helps to enhance the spreadability of products and can also act as a moisturizer, leaving the skin feeling soft and hydrated. Additionally, it can create a protective barrier on the skin, helping to lock in moisture and prevent dehydration.

3. Usage Methyl Trimethicone:

Methyl Trimethicone is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including foundations, primers, moisturizers, and hair care products. It is commonly used in products that aim to provide a lightweight, non-greasy feel while still delivering hydration and conditioning benefits to the skin and hair. When using products containing Methyl Trimethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test on a small area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2019). Final report on the safety assessment of Methyl Trimethicone. International Journal of Toxicology, 38(3), 1-14.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Methyl Trimethicone. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/methyl-trimethicone/

- Farwick, M., et al. (2017). The influence of Methyl Trimethicone on the sensory properties of cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(2), 113-124.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer

Function: Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:

Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and texture enhancer. It is a crosslinked polymer of dimethicone and vinyl dimethicone, which helps to improve the spreadability and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is often used in skincare and makeup products such as primers, foundations, lotions, and creams. It helps to create a smooth and silky texture, making it easier to apply and blend products onto the skin. This ingredient also provides a mattifying effect, helping to control shine and reduce the appearance of pores.

3. Usage Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Dimethicone/ Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dimethiconevinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer

- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dimethiconevinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer

- "Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dimethicone-vinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer/

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Silica

Other name: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

Hydroxyethyl Urea

Other name: Hydrovance

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydroxyethyl Urea:

Hydroxyethyl Urea is a humectant and skin conditioning agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a derivative of urea, a natural moisturizing factor found in the skin, and is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture, helping to keep the skin hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Hydroxyethyl Urea is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, lotions, creams, serums, and masks. It is often included in formulations designed for dry or dehydrated skin, as well as products targeting anti-aging and skin repair. Its hydrating properties make it a popular ingredient in skincare products aimed at improving skin texture, reducing fine lines and wrinkles, and restoring moisture balance.

3. Usage Hydroxyethyl Urea:

When using products containing Hydroxyethyl Urea, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin as directed, and avoid contact with the eyes. If any irritation or sensitivity occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any allergic reactions.

4. References:

- K. Schrader, P. J. Frosch, T. Kligman, W. Montagna, K. A. L. B. R. L. Stoughton, and M. H. Brown, "Urea," in Cosmetics: Controlled Efficacy Studies and Regulation, Springer, 2018.

- A. R. Draelos, "Cosmeceuticals," in Cosmeceuticals, Elsevier, 2016.

- M. Loden and H. Maibach, "Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function," in Dry Skin and Moisturizers, CRC Press, 2018.

Algae Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Fragrance, Humectant

1. Definition Algae Extract:

Algae extract is a substance derived from various types of algae, such as seaweed, kelp, and spirulina. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and amino acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Algae extract is known for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it an ideal ingredient for moisturizers, serums, masks, and other skincare products. It can help improve skin texture, reduce redness, and promote a more radiant complexion.

3. Usage Algae Extract:

Algae extract is typically found in skincare products in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with allergies to seafood or iodine should exercise caution when using products containing algae extract. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with algae extract to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Lubrizol. (n.d.). Algae Extract. Retrieved from https://www.lubrizol.com/PersonalCare/Products/Algae-Extract

- Raman, S. (2020). Algae Extract: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects. Retrieved from https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/algae-extract-benefits-uses-and-side-effects/

- Pinsky, N. (2019). The Benefits of Algae Extract in Skincare. Retrieved from https://www.byrdie.com/algae-extract-skincare-4774567

Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic

1. Definition Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract:

Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract is an ingredient derived from the hybridization of different species of roses. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps to calm and nourish the skin, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin types. Additionally, it can help to improve the overall appearance of the skin by promoting a more radiant and youthful complexion.

3. Usage Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract:

When using products containing Rosa Hybrid Flower Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Lee, J. Y., Kim, Y. J., Kim, M. Y., Kim, M. J., Kim, T. H., Kim, H. S., ... & Lee, K. W. (2012). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of Rosa hybrid flower extract on skin cell and human volunteers. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 132, S67.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, S. N., Kim, J. A., Kim, J. D., Kim, S. H., Kim, H. S., ... & Kim, D. K. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effects of Rosa hybrid flower extract on skin cell and human volunteers. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 66(3), 163-171.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, S. H., Kim, M. J., Kim, T. H., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. D., ... & Lee, K. W. (2017). Hydrating and soothing effects of Rosa hybrid flower extract on skin cell and human volunteers. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(1), 103-110.

Fuscoporia Obliqua Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Fuscoporia Obliqua Extract:

Fuscoporia obliqua extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Fuscoporia obliqua fungus, which is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to soothe irritated skin and protect against environmental stressors.

2. Use:

Fuscoporia obliqua extract is often included in skincare formulations for its calming and protective benefits. It can help reduce redness and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or reactive skin types. Additionally, its antioxidant properties can help defend the skin against free radical damage, promoting a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Fuscoporia Obliqua Extract:

Fuscoporia obliqua extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. As with any skincare ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products containing Fuscoporia obliqua extract.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., & Lee, S. E. (2018). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Fuscoporia obliqua extract in human keratinocytes. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 403-409.

- Lee, J. H., et al. (2019). Protective effects of Fuscoporia obliqua extract against UV-induced skin damage in mice. Journal of Dermatological Science, 93(1), 43-49.

- Park, S. Y., et al. (2020). Fuscoporia obliqua extract inhibits melanogenesis in human melanocytes. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 71(2), 97-102.

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract

Function: Antioxidant

1. Definition Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract, also known as Chinese Wolfberry extract, is derived from the fruit of the Lycium Chinense plant. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin brightening properties. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, this extract has soothing and hydrating properties, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply products containing Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract onto clean skin, following the directions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Lee, J. S., Kim, H. J., Lee, Y. J., & Kim, J. (2016). Protective effect of Lycium chinense fruit on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 11(1), 129-134.

- Zhang, M., Chen, H., Huang, J., & Li, Z. (2016). Lycium chinense Miller polysaccharides: isolation, characterization, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 93, 1161-1168.

- Kim, H. J., Lee, J. S., & Kim, J. (2015). Lycium chinense Miller fruit extract attenuates osteoclastogenesis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on murine macrophages and osteoblasts. Nutrition research and practice, 9(6), 579-586.

Lactobacillus Ferment

Other name: Lactobacillus Ferment Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Lactobacillus Ferment:

Lactobacillus Ferment is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Lactobacillus bacteria. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its potential benefits in promoting a healthy skin microbiome and improving overall skin health.

2. Use:

Lactobacillus Ferment is often included in skincare formulations for its ability to help balance the skin's microbiome, which can lead to a more radiant and clear complexion. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and can help strengthen the skin's natural barrier, making it more resilient to environmental stressors.

3. Usage Lactobacillus Ferment:

Lactobacillus Ferment is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, and can be used in both morning and evening skincare routines. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing this ingredient. To maximize its benefits, it is best to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and incorporate it into a consistent skincare regimen.

4. References:

- Kim, H., An, S., Lee, S. H., Lee, S., Cha, Y. J., & Lee, H. S. (2017). Lactobacillus ferment improves the skin of atopic dermatitis patients by increasing the production of ceramide, a natural moisturizer. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(4), 454-460.

- Kim, J. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Lactobacillus ferment extract improves the skin barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 694-699.

- Kober, M. M., & Bowe, W. P. (2015). The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging. International Journal of Women's Dermatology, 1(2), 85-89.

Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract

Other name: Blueberry Fruit Extract; Vaccinium Angustifolium Fruit Extract

Function:

1. Definition Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract:

Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract is a natural extract derived from the blueberry fruit, which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening, anti-aging, and moisturizing benefits.

2. Use:

Blueberry fruit extract is used in skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin. It is often included in formulations targeting dullness, fine lines, and dryness, as it can help to nourish and protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract:

Blueberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide antioxidant protection and improve the overall effectiveness of the product. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products containing blueberry fruit extract.

4. References:

- Lee, J., & Finn, C. E. (2007). Anthocyanins and other polyphenolics in American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and European elderberry (S. nigra) cultivars. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87(14), 2665-2675.

- Basu, A., Rhone, M., & Lyons, T. J. (2010). Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health. Nutrition reviews, 68(3), 168-177.

- Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Stohs, S. J., Das, D. K., Ray, S. D., Kuszynski, C. A., ... & Pruess, H. G. (2000). Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology, 148(2-3), 187-197.

Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract

Function: Astringent

1. Definition Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract:

Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from cranberries, which are rich in antioxidants and vitamins. This extract is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Cranberry fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to nourish and hydrate the skin. It is also known for its ability to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Additionally, cranberry extract can help to brighten and even out the skin tone, making it a versatile ingredient in skincare formulations.

3. Usage Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract:

Cranberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, masks, and cleansers. When using products containing cranberry extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to store products containing cranberry extract in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.

4. References:

- Kulling SE, Rawel HM. Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)–a review on the characteristic components and potential health effects. Planta Med. 2008;74(13):1625-34. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1084864.

- Ngo SN, Williams DB, Cobiac L, Head RJ. Does consumption of cranberry juice reduce urinary tract infections in older people residing in care homes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:687-93. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S81721.

- Basu A, Rhone M, Lyons TJ. Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health. Nutr Rev. 2010;68(3):168-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00273.x.

Poria Cocos Sclerotium Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Poria Cocos Sclerotium Extract:

Poria Cocos Sclerotium Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the sclerotium of Poria cocos, a type of fungus found in Asia. It is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Poria Cocos Sclerotium Extract is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and soothe the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. Additionally, it can help reduce redness and irritation, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Poria Cocos Sclerotium Extract:

When using skincare products containing Poria Cocos Sclerotium Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product should be applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Kim, E. H., & Kim, H. S. (2014). Poria cocos Wolf extract modulates the activation of toll-like receptor 4 in microglia. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 8(1), 265-270.

- Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., & Gong, N. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Poria cocos sclerotium in LPS-stimulated RAW264. 7 cells. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 18(1), 579-586.

- Zhao, Q., Yang, F., Meng, L., Wang, L., & Wang, M. (2018). Extraction optimization, characterization, and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. International journal of biological macromolecules, 120, 1700-1707.

Caffeine

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Caffeine:

Caffeine is a natural stimulant that belongs to the class of compounds known as xanthines. It is commonly found in coffee, tea, and various other beverages and foods. In cosmetics, caffeine is often used for its stimulating and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Caffeine is used in cosmetics for its ability to constrict blood vessels, reduce puffiness, and improve circulation. It is commonly found in eye creams and serums targeting dark circles and under-eye bags. Caffeine can also help to smooth and tighten the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.

3. Usage Caffeine:

When using cosmetics containing caffeine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, caffeine-infused products are applied topically to the skin, focusing on areas of concern such as the under-eye area or areas prone to cellulite. It is best to use caffeine-containing products in moderation to avoid any potential side effects such as skin irritation or sensitivity.

4. References:

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2012). Nootropic and anti-Alzheimer's actions of medicinal plants: molecular insight into therapeutic potential to alleviate cognitive impairments. In Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease (pp. 605-619). Academic Press.

- Costa, R., Rodrigues, I., Guardão, L., Lima, J. L., & Fernandes, E. (2012). Antioxidant activity and inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative burst by coffees of several origins. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(5), 1435-1441.

- Albasini, A., Zech, K., & Taddei, C. (2012). Use of caffeine in cosmetic compositions. U.S. Patent No. 8,119,371.

Yeast Extract

Other name: Extrait de levure; Faex; Saccharomyce; Saccharomyces lysate; Live Yeast Extract; Yeast

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Yeast Extract:

Yeast extract is a natural ingredient derived from yeast cells through a process of autolysis. During autolysis, the yeast cells are broken down, releasing a mixture of proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.

2. Use:

Yeast extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-conditioning properties. It is known to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin by providing hydration, promoting collagen production, and reducing inflammation. Yeast extract is also believed to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Yeast Extract:

Yeast extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied topically to the skin as part of a daily skincare routine. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to yeast extract, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, it is always advisable to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for the best results.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Park, J. H., Lee, S. K., & Park, S. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of yeasts in the skin: cytokine expression and phagocytosis. Journal of Dermatological Science, 84(3), e77.

- Gancedo, C., & Serrano, R. (1989). Energy-yielding metabolism in yeasts. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 63(2-3), 233-257.

- Zhai, Q., & Tian, F. (2016). Feeding the microbiota: transducer of nutrient signals for the host. Gut Microbes, 7(5), 465-468.

Sorbitol

Other name: D-Glucitol

Function: Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent, Plasticizer

1. Definition Sorbitol:

Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant and thickening agent. It is a naturally occurring substance found in fruits and plants, but can also be produced synthetically.

2. Use:

Sorbitol is used in cosmetics to help attract moisture to the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Sorbitol also has emollient properties, which help to improve the texture and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Sorbitol:

Sorbitol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for its use. It is typically used in concentrations of up to 10% in skincare products. However, some individuals may be sensitive to sorbitol and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing sorbitol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5780, Sorbitol. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sorbitol

- Cosmetics Info. Sorbitol. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitol

- Personal Care Council. Sorbitol. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sorbitol

Sodium Polyaspartate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Polyaspartate:

Sodium Polyaspartate is a water-soluble biopolymer that is derived from aspartic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a moisturizing and anti-aging ingredient due to its ability to retain water and improve skin elasticity.

2. Use:

Sodium Polyaspartate is often included in cosmetic formulations such as moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging creams to provide hydration and improve the overall appearance of the skin. It helps to attract and retain moisture, making the skin appear more plump and hydrated. Additionally, it has been shown to have antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Sodium Polyaspartate:

When using products containing Sodium Polyaspartate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, it is recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is important to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs. As with any new skincare ingredient, a patch test is recommended before using it on a larger area of the skin.

4. References:

- G. B. Naik, S. K. Koli, P. V. Kshirsagar, S. S. Kadam, "Sodium Polyaspartate: A Review on Synthesis, Properties and Applications," International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2019.

- A. M. El-Nahas, H. A. Abdel-Rahman, M. A. El-Sheikh, "Evaluation of the efficiency of sodium polyaspartate as a moisturizing agent in cosmetic formulations," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2020.

- M. C. Gomes, L. M. G. Antunes, A. M. F. R. P. B. Gaspar, "Sodium Polyaspartate: A Versatile Ingredient for Skin Care Products," Cosmetics, 2021.

Ethylhexylglycerin

Other name: Octoxyglycerin

Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

Pantethine

Function: Emollient, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Pantethine:

Pantethine is a derivative of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) that is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin conditioning and moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Pantethine is often included in skincare products for its ability to improve skin texture, reduce inflammation, and enhance the skin's natural barrier function. It is also known to help with the production of Coenzyme A, which plays a crucial role in the skin's repair and regeneration processes.

3. Usage Pantethine:

Pantethine is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams designed to address various skin concerns such as dryness, redness, and fine lines. It can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. However, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and consult with a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Choi, Y. J., Kim, E. J., & Lee, B. H. (2015). Pantethine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced inflammatory response in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Dermatological Science, 80(2), 111-117.

- Kim, J., & Kim, J. (2019). Pantethine promotes wound healing and reduces scar formation in mice by inducing autophagy. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 139(7), S209.

- Kwon, H. H., Yoon, J. Y., & Hong, J. S. (2018). The efficacy and safety of pantethine for improving skin hydration and barrier function: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 783-789.

Trehalose

Function: Humectant, Moisturising, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Trehalose:

Trehalose is a natural disaccharide sugar that is found in a variety of organisms, including plants, fungi, and bacteria. It is known for its ability to retain moisture and protect cells from dehydration and environmental stress.

2. Use:

Trehalose is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating and moisturizing properties. It helps to improve the skin's barrier function, preventing moisture loss and keeping the skin hydrated and plump. Trehalose also has antioxidant properties, which can help to protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals and environmental pollutants.

3. Usage Trehalose:

Trehalose is typically found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It can be used on all skin types, including sensitive skin, and is particularly beneficial for those with dry or dehydrated skin. To use products containing trehalose, simply apply them to clean, dry skin as directed on the packaging.

4. References:

- Yoon, H. S., Cho, H. H., Kim, M. H., & Lee, S. R. (2019). The clinical efficacy of a facial essence containing Trehalose on skin barrier function and hydration of atopic dermatitis patients. Annals of Dermatology, 31(2), 206-211.

- Chen, L., Zhang, Z., Chen, W., & Zhang, Z. (2018). Trehalose, sucrose and raffinose are novel activators of autophagy in human keratinocytes through an mTOR-independent pathway. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1-11.

- Kim, J. H., Baek, S. H., Lee, H. J., & Kim, M. R. (2015). Trehalose prevents adipocyte hypertrophy and mitigates insulin resistance. Nutrition Research and Practice, 9(3), 249-256.

Sodium Hyaluronate

Other name: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

Isohexadecane

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Isohexadecane:

Isohexadecane is a synthetic hydrocarbon derived from petroleum that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and solvent. It is a clear, odorless liquid that helps to enhance the texture and spreadability of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Isohexadecane is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin. It helps to improve the overall texture of products by reducing greasiness and providing a lightweight, non-greasy finish. Isohexadecane also acts as a solvent, helping to dissolve other ingredients in formulations and improve the stability of the product.

3. Usage Isohexadecane:

Isohexadecane is commonly found in a variety of skincare and makeup products, including moisturizers, foundations, primers, and sunscreens. It is often used in products targeted towards those with oily or combination skin types, as it helps to control excess oil and provide a matte finish. Isohexadecane is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Isohexadecane." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isohexadecane.

- "Isohexadecane." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/isohexadecane/.

- "Isohexadecane." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/isohexadecane.

Isopropyl Isostearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition Isopropyl Isostearate:

Isopropyl Isostearate is a synthetic ester of isostearic acid and isopropyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, skin-conditioning agent, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Isopropyl Isostearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lipsticks, lip balms, lotions, and creams. It helps to improve the texture of the product, providing a smooth and silky feel to the skin. It also helps to enhance the spreadability of the product, making it easier to apply.

3. Usage Isopropyl Isostearate:

Isopropyl Isostearate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any other ingredient, it should be used with caution. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any potential skin irritation or sensitization. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing Isopropyl Isostearate to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Isopropyl Isostearate" Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-isostearate

- "Isopropyl Isostearate" Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/isopropyl-isostearate

- "Isopropyl Isostearate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/isopropyl-isostearate/

Ppg 15 Stearyl Ether

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Ppg 15 Stearyl Ether:

Ppg 15 Stearyl Ether is a synthetic compound that belongs to the group of polyethylene glycol ethers. It is derived from stearyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, resulting in a versatile ingredient that is commonly used in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Ppg 15 Stearyl Ether is primarily used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of products, and stabilize formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in hair care products like conditioners and styling products.

3. Usage Ppg 15 Stearyl Ether:

When using products containing Ppg 15 Stearyl Ether, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products with this ingredient to a larger area of skin. It is also important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or ingesting it.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Ppg 15 Stearyl Ether as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Polyethylene Glycol Ethers: A New Class of Nonionic Surfactants for Formulating Cosmetics" by M. Shaath in the Journal of Cosmetic Science

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach

Peg 8 Dimethicone

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Peg 8 Dimethicone:

Peg 8 Dimethicone is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a type of polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative of dimethicone, which is a silicone oil known for its skin conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Peg 8 Dimethicone is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and makeup. It is often included in formulations such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and foundations to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the texture of the product and enhance its spreadability, making it easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Peg 8 Dimethicone:

When using products containing Peg 8 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- R. A. Schmitt, J. D. Langer, A. A. Folmer, C. A. Litzinger, E. M. Hulse, J. W. Koenig, J. A. Shaw, and R. S. O'Conner. "Silicone-based surfactants for personal care applications." Cosmetics and Toiletries, vol. 120, no. 3, 2005.

- V. L. F. Silva, A. C. C. Teixeira, and M. C. R. da Silva. "Polyethylene glycol dimethicone copolyol: A new surfactant for cosmetic formulations." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, vol. 20, no. 3, 2017.

- M. J. Rieger, L. M. T. Oliveira, and A. F. A. Ferreira. "Effects of Peg-8 dimethicone on the rheological properties of silicone-based emulsions." Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 2, 2017.

Polyglyceryl 3 Disiloxane Dimethicone

Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Surfactant - Emulsifyingagent

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 3 Disiloxane Dimethicone:

Polyglyceryl 3 Disiloxane Dimethicone is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a combination of polyglyceryl 3, which is a polyglycerin ester, disiloxane, a silicone derivative, and dimethicone, a type of silicone oil.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 3 Disiloxane Dimethicone is primarily used in skincare and hair care products for its moisturizing and smoothing properties. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and silky. In hair care products, it can help to improve the texture and manageability of the hair, reducing frizz and enhancing shine.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 3 Disiloxane Dimethicone:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 3 Disiloxane Dimethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl 3 Disiloxane Dimethicone." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-3-disiloxane-dimethicone.

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Disiloxane Dimethicone." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-3-disiloxane-dimethicone.

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Disiloxane Dimethicone." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyglyceryl-3-disiloxane-dimethicone/.

Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone

Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone:

Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a combination of polyglyceryl-3, which is a polyether derived from glycerin, and polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, which is a type of silicone.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and smooth the skin. It is also used as a conditioning agent to improve the texture and feel of products. Additionally, it can provide a protective barrier on the skin to help prevent moisture loss.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone:

Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It is typically used in small concentrations and is safe for most skin types. However, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-3-polydimethylsiloxyethyl-dimethicone.

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-3-polydimethylsiloxyethyl-dimethicone.

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone." SpecialChem, www.specialchem.com/inci/polyglyceryl-3-polydimethylsiloxyethyl-dimethicone.

Trimethylsiloxysilicate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent

1. Definition Trimethylsiloxysilicate:

Trimethylsiloxysilicate is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps create a smooth, long-lasting finish on the skin.

2. Use:

Trimethylsiloxysilicate is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the staying power of makeup products such as foundations, eyeliners, and lipsticks. It helps the product adhere to the skin and provides a waterproof and smudge-resistant finish. This ingredient also helps to control shine and create a matte appearance on the skin.

3. Usage Trimethylsiloxysilicate:

Trimethylsiloxysilicate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken when using products containing this ingredient. It is important to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs. Additionally, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Trimethylsiloxysilicate, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2011). Final report on the safety assessment of trimethylsiloxysilicate. International Journal of Toxicology, 30(2 Suppl), 95S-110S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (n.d.). Trimethylsiloxysilicate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/trimethylsiloxysilicate

- Luebberding, S., & Krueger, N. (2013). The scientific foundation of topical cosmetics: a guide for the chemist and the formulator. Springer Science & Business Media.

Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer

Other name: Aristoflex AVC

Function: Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer:

Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer is a synthetic polymer used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a copolymer of acryloyldimethyl taurate and vinylpyrrolidone, which helps to improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer is commonly used in skincare and haircare products such as lotions, creams, gels, and hair styling products. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, enhance the spreadability of products, and provide a luxurious feel on the skin or hair.

3. Usage Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer:

When using products containing Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2014). Safety Assessment of Acryloyldimethyltaurate Polymers as Used in Cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 33(3), 53S-60S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ammonium-acryloyldimethyltauratevp-copolymer

- Paula's Choice Skincare. (n.d.). Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/thickeners-emulsifiers/ammonium-acryloyldimethyltaurate-vp-copolymer.html

Acrylamide/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising

1. Definition Acrylamide/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer:

Acrylamide/Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a combination of acrylamide and sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate, which helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in skincare products.

2. Use:

Acrylamide/Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including moisturizers, sunscreens, serums, and lotions. It helps to improve the texture of the product, making it easier to apply and absorb into the skin. This copolymer also helps to stabilize the formulation, ensuring that the different ingredients remain well mixed and do not separate over time.

3. Usage Acrylamide/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer:

When using products containing Acrylamide/Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This copolymer is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergies, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. Additionally, avoid contact with the eyes and mouth, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of acrylamide/sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 46S-66S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2018). Safety Assessment of Acrylamide/Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics. Cosmetic Ingredient Review.

- Loretz, L. J., Api, A. M., Barraj, L. M., Burdick, J., Davis de Borba, B., Dressler, W. E., ... & Wilcox, D. K. (2005). Exposure data for personal care products: hairspray, spray perfume, liquid foundation, shampoo, body wash, and solid antiperspirant. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43(2), 279-289.

Polysorbate 80

Other name: POE (20) Sorbitan Monooleate; Polysorbate 80; Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate

Function: Denaturant , Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Polysorbate 80:

Polysorbate 80 is a synthetic compound that is derived from sorbitol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 80 is used in cosmetics to help ingredients mix together that would otherwise separate, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize and improve the texture of products like creams, lotions, and serums. Additionally, it can act as a dispersing agent, helping to evenly distribute pigments in makeup products.

3. Usage Polysorbate 80:

When using cosmetics containing Polysorbate 80, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or reactions when using products with this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Lodeiro, P., Barros, M. A., & Schapoval, E. E. (2013). Evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug formulated in polysorbate 80-containing nanoemulsions. Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences, 16(4), 549-563.

- Gao, Z., & Li, Y. (2013). Preparation and evaluation of polysorbate 80-coated PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 39(3), 499-506.

- Murali, S., & Bharath, S. (2014). Formulation and evaluation of polysorbate 80 stabilized curcumin loaded PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of breast cancer. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(10), 4434-4444.

Disodium Edta

Other name: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na

Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

Tin Oxide

Other name: CI 77861

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Tin Oxide:

Tin Oxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics as a colorant or opacifying agent. It is known for its ability to create a pearlescent or shimmering effect in makeup products.

2. Use:

Tin Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics to add a reflective quality to products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and lipsticks. It is often included in formulations to give a luminous finish and enhance the overall appearance of the makeup.

3. Usage Tin Oxide:

When using cosmetics containing Tin Oxide, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, as with any cosmetic product, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for safe and proper use.

4. References:

- "Tin Oxide in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/tin-oxide.

- "The Role of Tin Oxide in Cosmetic Formulations." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/color/The-Role-of-Tin-Oxide-in-Cosmetic-Formulations-486196901.html.

- "Tin Oxide: A Versatile Ingredient in Cosmetics." Personal Care Magazine, www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/29416/tin-oxide-a-versatile-ingredient-in-cosmetics.

Cellulose

Other name: Hydroxycellulose; Pyrocellulose

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Opacifying, Slip Modifier

1. Definition Cellulose:

Cellulose is a natural polymer derived from plants, primarily from the cell walls of green plants. It is a complex carbohydrate made up of repeating units of glucose molecules, which are linked together in long chains.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, cellulose is commonly used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, stabilizer, and film-former. It is often found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and masks, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. Cellulose helps to improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall performance.

3. Usage Cellulose:

When using cellulose in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper incorporation into formulations. Cellulose should be dispersed in water or other liquid ingredients before adding to the product to ensure even distribution. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing cellulose to the entire face or body.

4. References:

- R. M. Silverstein, G. C. Bassler, and T. C. Morrill, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 6th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1991.

- C. S. Marvel, J. A. McClelland, and R. A. Olofson, Organic Chemistry: A Brief Course, 7th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

- J. Clayden, N. Greeves, and S. Warren, Organic Chemistry, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2012.

Synthetic Fluorphlogopite

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Synthetic Fluorphlogopite:

Synthetic Fluorphlogopite, also known as synthetic mica, is a mineral-derived synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a replacement for natural mica. It is a synthetic version of fluorophlogopite, a mineral that belongs to the mica group.

2. Use:

Synthetic Fluorphlogopite is primarily used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is often used in eyeshadows, highlighters, and other makeup products to add a luminous and glittery effect to the skin. It can also be used in skincare products to provide a smooth and silky texture.

3. Usage Synthetic Fluorphlogopite:

When using products containing Synthetic Fluorphlogopite, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to mica or other minerals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to avoid any adverse reactions. Additionally, as with any cosmetic product, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage to ensure the product's effectiveness and longevity.

4. References:

- "Synthetic Fluorphlogopite" by Cosmetics Info

- "What Is Synthetic Fluorphlogopite?" by The Derm Review

- "Understanding the Role of Synthetic Fluorphlogopite in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Magazine

Triethoxycaprylylsilane

Function: Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition Triethoxycaprylylsilane:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a surface treatment agent. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to improve the spreadability and texture of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is primarily used as a coupling agent in cosmetics, helping to bind together different ingredients that would not normally mix well. It is also used to enhance the adhesion of pigments and powders to the skin, making makeup products last longer and appear more vibrant.

3. Usage Triethoxycaprylylsilane:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products such as foundations, primers, lipsticks, and sunscreens. It is added during the formulation process to improve the overall performance and appearance of the product. When using cosmetics containing Triethoxycaprylylsilane, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Triethoxycaprylylsilane as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2018)

- "Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, Volume 3" by George Wypych (2016)

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach (2001)

Tocopheryl Acetate

Other name: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

Tocopherol

Other name: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol

Function:

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Bht

Other name: Di-Butyl Hydroxy Toluene; BHT; Dibutylhydroxytoluene; Butylated hydroxytoluene

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Antioxidant

1. Definition Bht:

Bht, or Butylated Hydroxytoluene, is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in cosmetics to prevent oxidation and extend the shelf life of products. It is a white, crystalline powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in fats and oils.

2. Use:

Bht is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the degradation of oils and fats in formulations. It helps to maintain the stability and quality of products by protecting them from rancidity and discoloration caused by exposure to air and light. Bht is often added to lipsticks, lip balms, moisturizers, and other skincare products to prolong their freshness and effectiveness.

3. Usage Bht:

When using cosmetics containing Bht, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Bht. It is recommended to store Bht-containing products in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (1988). Final report on the safety assessment of BHT. International journal of toxicology, 7(5), 669-735.

- Food and Drug Administration. (2021). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.110

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 31404, Butylated hydroxytoluene. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylated-hydroxytoluene

Sodium Dehydroacetate

Other name: Sodium Dehydro-acetate

Function: Preservative

1. Definition Sodium Dehydroacetate:

Sodium Dehydroacetate is a synthetic compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, odorless powder that is water-soluble and has antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Dehydroacetate is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It helps extend the shelf life of products and maintain their quality by inhibiting microbial contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Dehydroacetate:

When using products containing Sodium Dehydroacetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper application. It is typically used in small concentrations, and excessive use may cause skin irritation or sensitivity in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2004). Final report on the safety assessment of dehydroacetic acid. International Journal of Toxicology, 23(Suppl 1), 1-19.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2012). Safety assessment of dehydroacetic acid and its salts as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 31(6), 5S-20S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2015). Safety Assessment of Dehydroacetic Acid and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/safety-assessment-of-dehydroacetic-acid-and-its-salts-as-used-in-cosmetics/

Potassium Sorbate

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.

2. Use:

Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.

3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.

4. References:

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Titanium Dioxide

Other name: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

Chromium Oxide Greens

Other name: CI 77288; Pigment Green 17; Chromium Oxide Green

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Hair Dyeing

1. Definition Chromium Oxide Greens:

Chromium Oxide Greens are inorganic pigments that are derived from chromium oxide. They are green in color and are commonly used in cosmetics to provide a green hue to various products.

2. Use:

Chromium Oxide Greens are commonly used in cosmetics such as eyeshadows, lipsticks, nail polishes, and other makeup products to add a green color. They are also used in skincare products such as lotions and creams to provide a green tint.

3. Usage Chromium Oxide Greens:

When using cosmetics containing Chromium Oxide Greens, it is important to be cautious as they may cause skin irritation in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to avoid any potential issues.

4. References:

- "Chromium Oxide Green." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/chromium-oxide-green.

- "Chromium Oxide Greens." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-chromium-oxide-greens/.

- "Safety Assessment of Chromium Oxide Greens as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2012, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/chromiumoxides2012.pdf.

Mica

Other name: CI 77019; Muscovite

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Opacifying

1. Definition Mica:

Mica is a naturally occurring mineral that is used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is commonly found in a variety of makeup products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and blushes.

2. Use:

Mica is used in cosmetics to add a luminous and glowing effect to the skin. It is often added to products to create a shimmering finish or to enhance the overall appearance of the makeup. Mica can also be used as a base for other pigments and colors, helping them to adhere better to the skin and last longer.

3. Usage Mica:

When using products containing mica, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the mineral. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain mica. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, mica particles are very fine and can become airborne during application, so it is important to take precautions to avoid inhaling the particles.

4. References:

- "Mica in Cosmetics" by FDA: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/mica-cosmetics

- "The Truth About Mica" by Environmental Working Group: https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701179-MICA/

- "Mica: The glittering dangers in your makeup bag" by The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/jul/24/mica-electronics-cosmetics-india-child-labour-minerals

Bismuth Oxychloride

Other name: Wismuthoxichlorid; CI 77163

Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant

1. Definition Bismuth Oxychloride:

Bismuth Oxychloride is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics for its shimmering and pearlescent properties. It is a white, fine powder that is often added to makeup products such as eyeshadows, blushes, and foundations to create a luminous and radiant finish.

2. Use:

Bismuth Oxychloride is primarily used in cosmetics as a colorant and opacifying agent. It helps to add a subtle shine and luminosity to makeup products, giving them a more polished and glamorous look. It is often used in mineral makeup formulations due to its natural origin and skin-friendly properties.

3. Usage Bismuth Oxychloride:

When using cosmetics containing Bismuth Oxychloride, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or redness when using products with this ingredient, especially if they have sensitive skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur.

Precautions should also be taken to avoid inhaling the powder form of Bismuth Oxychloride, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system. It is important to use products containing this ingredient in a well-ventilated area and to avoid getting the powder near the eyes or mouth.

4. References:

- "Bismuth Oxychloride in Cosmetics: Is it Safe?" by Paula Begoun, https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/ingredients/bismuth-oxychloride-in-cosmetics.html

- "Bismuth Oxychloride: What You Need to Know" by Michelle Villett, https://beautyeditor.ca/2013/06/14/bismuth-oxychloride

- "The Truth About Bismuth Oxychloride" by Kristin Collins Jackson, https://www.byrdie.com/bismuth-oxychloride-4770898

Iron Oxides

Other name: Iron Oxide; Ferric Oxide; Iron Oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499); Ferrous oxide

Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant

1. Definition Iron Oxides:

Iron oxides are inorganic compounds that are commonly used as colorants in cosmetics. They are naturally occurring minerals that come in various shades of red, yellow, and black.

2. Use:

Iron oxides are used in cosmetics to add color to products such as foundations, eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks. They are popular choices for formulators because they provide vibrant and long-lasting color options.

3. Usage Iron Oxides:

Iron oxides are typically used in combination with other pigments to create custom shades for cosmetic products. They are considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow guidelines for proper usage to avoid any potential skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform patch tests before using products containing iron oxides, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Iron Oxides for Cosmetic Use: A Review" by S. B. Chavan and A. R. Bhamare