Full ingredients list Surface Awaken Shampoo

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1 2	B	Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate (Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming)	Sulfate
1 5	B	Cocamidopropyl Betaine (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Foam Boosting, Sufactant)
1	B	Lauryl Glucoside (Surfactant, Cleansing)
1		Acetamidopropyl Trimonium Chloride (Antistatic Agent)
1	A	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) (Masking, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Flavoring Agent, Phadjuster)	Good for dry skin Anti Aging Brightening
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	B	Capsicum Frutescens Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil	Promotes Wound Healing Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Ceramide 3 (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)	Anti Aging
3		Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride (Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1 2	A	Citric Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin
1	A	Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Di Ppg 2 Myreth 10 Adipate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant)
1 3		Glyceryl Caprylate/ Caprate (Emollient, Emulsifying)
1	A	Glycol Distearate (Opacifying, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Glycol Stearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Opacifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Hydrolyzed Amaranth Protein (Skin Conditioning)
	A	Hydrolyzed Soy Protein (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1		Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein (Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
4 5	B	Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate (Preservative)
1 3	B	Laureth 4 (Masking, Surfactant, Emulsifying, Antistatic Agent)	Bad for oily skin
1	A	Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Fragrance, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Magnesium Carbonate (Opacifying, pH adjusting agent, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Binding)
4	B	Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil (Fragrance, Skin Conditioning)
1		Menthol (Masking, Fragrance, Denaturant , External Analgesic , Soothing, Flavoring Agent, Refreshing)	Bad for sensitive skin Bad for dry skin Good for oily skin
1		Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil
1	A	Panthenol (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
1	A	Polyquaternium 10 (Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing)
1 4	A	Polyquaternium 7 (Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing)
3	B	Polysorbate 20 (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
2	A	Sorbic Acid (Fragrance, Preservative)
1	B	Stearamine Oxide (Solvent to dissolve substances insoluble in water, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Sufactant, Foam Boosting)
2	A	Tetrasodium Edta (Chelating Agent)
2 3	A	Tocopheryl Acetate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Anti Aging
1		Tourmaline (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent)

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate

Function: Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming

1. Definition Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate:

Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate is a surfactant derived from olefin, a type of hydrocarbon. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate is used in various cosmetic products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and hand soaps. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair, leaving them clean and refreshed.

3. Usage Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate:

When using products containing Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is typically used by applying the product to wet skin or hair, lathering it up, and then rinsing thoroughly with water. It is advisable to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and if contact occurs, rinse immediately with water. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before regular use.

4. References:

- "Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in CosmeticsInfo.org

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in the International Journal of Toxicology

- "Formulation and Evaluation of Shampoo Containing Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in the Journal of Cosmetic Science.

Cocamidopropyl Betaine

Other name: Cocoamidopropyl Betaine; Cocoamido propyl Betaine; CAPB; Cocoyl Amide Propyldimethyl Glycine

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Foam Boosting, Sufactant

1. Definition Cocamidopropyl Betaine:

Cocamidopropyl Betaine is a surfactant derived from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and foam booster.

2. Use:

Cocamidopropyl Betaine is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and hand soaps. It helps to create a rich lather, effectively removing dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair.

3. Usage Cocamidopropyl Betaine:

When using products containing Cocamidopropyl Betaine, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. While it is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience irritation or reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 10632, Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cocamidopropyl-betaine

- Environmental Working Group. Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701520-COCAMIDOPROPYL_BETAINE/

- Personal Care Products Council. Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/cocamidopropyl-betaine/

Lauryl Glucoside

Function: Surfactant, Cleansing

1. Definition Lauryl Glucoside:

Lauryl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from natural sources such as coconut oil and sugar. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Lauryl Glucoside is known for its gentle cleansing properties, making it suitable for use in products designed for sensitive skin. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin without causing irritation. Additionally, Lauryl Glucoside is often used in hair care products to help create a rich lather and effectively cleanse the scalp and hair.

3. Usage Lauryl Glucoside:

When using products containing Lauryl Glucoside, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. While Lauryl Glucoside is considered safe for most individuals, those with extremely sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- "Lauryl Glucoside" - Cosmeticsinfo.org

- "Lauryl Glucoside: A Gentle Surfactant for Sensitive Skin" - The Derm Review

- "Formulating with Lauryl Glucoside" - Personal Care Magazine

Acetamidopropyl Trimonium Chloride

Function: Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Acetamidopropyl Trimonium Chloride:

Acetamidopropyl Trimonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and surfactant. It is derived from coconut oil and is known for its ability to improve the texture and feel of hair and skin.

2. Use:

Acetamidopropyl Trimonium Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to detangle hair, reduce frizz, and improve manageability. In skin care products, it can act as a conditioning agent, leaving the skin feeling soft and smooth.

3. Usage Acetamidopropyl Trimonium Chloride:

When using products containing Acetamidopropyl Trimonium Chloride, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, and rinse thoroughly if contact occurs. Some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of skin.

4. References:

- "Acetamidopropyl Trimonium Chloride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acetamidopropyl-trimonium-chloride.

- "Safety and Health Topics: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds." Occupational Safety and Health Administration, www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/quaternaryammoniumcompounds/recognition.html.

- "Ingredient Spotlight: Acetamidopropyl Trimonium Chloride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acetamidopropyl-trimonium-chloride/.

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

Other name: vitamin c; vit c; l-ascorbic acid

Function: Masking, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Flavoring Agent, Phadjuster

1. Definition Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):

Ascorbic Acid, also known as Vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. It is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect the skin from free radicals and UV damage, promote collagen production, and brighten the complexion.

2. Use:

Ascorbic Acid is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to boost collagen production. It is often included in anti-aging serums, moisturizers, and sunscreens to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. Ascorbic Acid can also help to reduce hyperpigmentation, fade dark spots, and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):

When using products containing Ascorbic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid irritation, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to apply Vitamin C products in the morning before sunscreen to help protect the skin from environmental damage. It is also important to store Vitamin C products in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain their effectiveness.

4. References:

- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 10(7), 14–17.

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 4(2), 143–146.

- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866.

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

Capsicum Frutescens Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Capsicum Frutescens Fruit Extract:

Capsicum Frutescens Fruit Extract is derived from the fruit of the Capsicum Frutescens plant, also known as the African Bird's Eye Chili. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Capsicum Frutescens Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. It can help to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and protect the skin from environmental damage. Additionally, this extract is believed to stimulate circulation, which can promote a healthy complexion and improve the overall appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Capsicum Frutescens Fruit Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Capsicum Frutescens Fruit Extract, it is important to patch test the product first to check for any potential allergic reactions. Due to its potent nature, this extract should be used in moderation to avoid irritation or sensitivity. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Sánchez-Mata, M.C., Diez-Marqués, C., Jiménez, A.M., Lora, M.C., & Sanz, M.L. (2015). Bioactive compounds in peppers. In Bioactive Foods in Promoting Health (pp. 139-153). Academic Press.

- Park, C.H., & Kim, H.J. (2015). Capsicum annuum L. Extract and Capsaicin Attenuate Inflammation via Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in Mouse Macrophages. Journal of Medicinal Food, 18(4), 360-369.

- Díaz, J., Licea, A., & Chávez, M.I. (2019). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Capsicum frutescens L. and Capsicum annuum L. extracts. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(1), 87-95.

Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil

Function:

1. Definition Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil:

Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil is a natural oil derived from the seeds of the safflower plant. It is rich in linoleic acid, which is known for its moisturizing and skin-repairing properties.

2. Use:

Safflower seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, making it an excellent ingredient for moisturizing and nourishing the skin. It is often found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in hair care products like conditioners and hair masks.

3. Usage Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil:

Safflower seed oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or it can be incorporated into various cosmetic formulations. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. When using safflower seed oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation.

4. References:

- Al-Niaimi F, Chiang NYZ. Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(7):14-17.

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;19(1):70.

- Meier L, Stange R, Michalsen A, Uehleke B. Clay jojoba oil facial mask for lesioned skin and mild acne--results of a prospective, observational pilot study. Forsch Komplementmed. 2012;19(2):75-79.

Ceramide 3

Other name: Ceramide III; Ceramide NP

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is a type of lipid molecule that is naturally found in the skin's outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function and preventing moisture loss.

2. Use:

Ceramide 3 is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and skin barrier repair properties. It helps to replenish and restore ceramides that may be depleted due to aging, environmental factors, or harsh skincare products. By incorporating ceramide 3 into formulations, it can help improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health.

3. Usage Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams designed for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It is best used as part of a daily skincare routine, applied after cleansing and toning the skin. Ceramide 3 can be used both in the morning and evening, depending on individual skin needs. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or specific skin conditions.

4. References:

- Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(4):215-223. doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00001

- Bouwstra JA, Ponec M. The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(12):2080-2095. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.021

- Joo KM, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Kim YS, Kim JH. Ceramide 3 enhances the protective function of the skin barrier. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):13-18. doi:10.1111/ics.12248

Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride

Function: Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride:

Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in hair care products as a conditioning agent. It is derived from cinnamic acid and has a positive charge that allows it to bond to the negatively charged hair strands, providing conditioning benefits.

2. Use:

Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride is often found in leave-in conditioners, hair masks, and styling products. It helps to detangle hair, reduce frizz, and improve manageability. Additionally, it can provide some UV protection for the hair, helping to prevent damage from sun exposure.

3. Usage Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride:

When using products containing Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride, it is important to follow the instructions on the packaging. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to damp hair, focusing on the mid-lengths and ends. It should be evenly distributed through the hair and then rinsed out or left in, depending on the product.

Precautions: While Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it. It is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- International Journal of Cosmetic Science. (2006). Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride: A new UV filter for hair care. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00308.x

- Personal Care Magazine. (2018). Conditioning agents in hair care products. https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/29472/conditioning-agents-in-hair-care-products

- Cosmetics & Toiletries. (2014). Quaternary ammonium compounds in hair care. https://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/haircare/Quaternary-Ammonium-Compounds-in-Hair-Care-281296221.html

Citric Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

See more: Citric Acid

Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:

Coconut oil, derived from the fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), is a versatile and widely used natural oil in the cosmetic industry. It is rich in fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Coconut oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent choice for hydrating the skin and hair. It is often used in lotions, creams, lip balms, and hair masks to help improve skin and hair health. Additionally, coconut oil has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for treating various skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne.

3. Usage Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:

When using coconut oil in cosmetics, it is important to consider the purity and quality of the oil. Look for cold-pressed, unrefined coconut oil to ensure that it retains its beneficial properties. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using coconut oil on the skin, especially for those with sensitive skin, to avoid any potential allergic reactions. Coconut oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY beauty products.

4. References:

- Rele, A. S., & Mohile, R. B. (2003). Effect of mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil on prevention of hair damage. Journal of cosmetic science, 54(2), 175-192.

- Evangelista, M. T., Abad-Casintahan, F., & Lopez-Villafuerte, L. (2014). The effect of topical virgin coconut oil on SCORAD index, transepidermal water loss, and skin capacitance in mild to moderate pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(1), 100-108.

- Nevin, K. G., & Rajamohan, T. (2010). Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Clinical biochemistry, 43(4-5), 349-357.

Di Ppg 2 Myreth 10 Adipate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant

1. Definition Di Ppg 2 Myreth 10 Adipate:

Di Ppg 2 Myreth 10 Adipate is a synthetic ester derived from adipic acid and polypropylene glycol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Di Ppg 2 Myreth 10 Adipate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup to improve the texture, spreadability, and overall feel of the product on the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an ideal ingredient for moisturizers and skincare products.

3. Usage Di Ppg 2 Myreth 10 Adipate:

When using products containing Di Ppg 2 Myreth 10 Adipate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Di Ppg 2 Myreth 10 Adipate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, 2015.

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach, 2014.

- "Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Function, Chemical Composition, and International Nomenclature" by Michalun, Natalia, and Varinia Michalun, 2014.

Glyceryl Caprylate/ Caprate

Function: Emollient, Emulsifying

1. Definition Glyceryl Caprylate/ Caprate:

Glyceryl Caprylate/ Caprate is a combination of glyceryl esters of caprylic and capric acids, which are derived from coconut oil. It is a multifunctional ingredient used in cosmetics for its emollient, moisturizing, and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Caprylate/ Caprate is commonly used in skincare and hair care products as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin and hair. It also acts as a humectant, helping to attract and retain moisture in the skin. Additionally, it functions as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and impurities.

3. Usage Glyceryl Caprylate/ Caprate:

Glyceryl Caprylate/ Caprate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is considered safe for use in skincare products, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Caprylate/ Caprate" Cosmetics Info. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-caprylate-caprate

- G. M. Zeng, L. Y. Huang, B. Liu, S. S. Zhou, Y. Liu, and Y. J. Wang, "Synthesis and characterization of a novel biodegradable glyceryl caprylate/caprate copolymer," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 563-569, 2012.

- V. V. Badiger, B. A. Lohith, and S. K. Inamdar, "Synthesis and characterization of glyceryl caprylate/caprate copolymer for controlled release of 5-fluorouracil," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 1992-1998, 2008.

Glycol Distearate

Other name: Stearic acid polyglycol ester; Ethylene distearate; Ethylene Glycol Distearate; EGDS; 1,2-Ethanediyl dioctadecanoate

Function: Opacifying, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying

1. Definition Glycol Distearate:

Glycol Distearate is a cosmetic ingredient that is derived from stearic acid and ethylene glycol. It is commonly used as an emollient and thickening agent in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Glycol Distearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient to help soften and smooth the skin and hair. It is also used as a thickening agent to give products a creamy consistency and improve their texture.

3. Usage Glycol Distearate:

Glycol Distearate is typically found in products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and lotions. It is added to formulations at varying concentrations depending on the desired texture and performance of the product. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.

Precautions: While Glycol Distearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Glycol Distearate to check for any adverse reactions. If any irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Glycol Distearate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glycol-distearate.

- S. V. Patil, et al. "Glycol Distearate." National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Database, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glycol-distearate.

- "Glycol Distearate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/cosmetic-ingredient/glycol-distearate/.

Glycol Stearate

Other name: Ethylene Glycol Monostearate; 2-Hydroxyethyl octadecanoate; CUTINA EGMS

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Opacifying

1. Definition Glycol Stearate:

Glycol Stearate is a fatty acid ester derived from stearic acid and ethylene glycol. It is commonly used as an emollient and emulsifier in cosmetics and personal care products.

2. Use:

Glycol Stearate is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and moisturizers to help soften and smooth the skin. It also helps to stabilize the formulation and improve the texture of the product.

3. Usage Glycol Stearate:

When using products containing Glycol Stearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glycol Stearate to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Glycol Stearate." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glycol-stearate.

- "Safety Assessment of Glycol Stearate and Glycol Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2011, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/glycolstearate.pdf.

- "Glycol Stearate." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glycol-stearate.

Hydrolyzed Amaranth Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Amaranth Protein:

Hydrolyzed Amaranth Protein is a natural protein derived from the seeds of the amaranth plant that has been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This protein is rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Amaranth Protein is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its moisturizing, conditioning, and strengthening properties. It helps to improve the elasticity and texture of the skin, while also promoting healthy hair growth and reducing breakage. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Amaranth Protein:

Hydrolyzed Amaranth Protein can be found in a variety of skincare and haircare products, such as moisturizers, serums, shampoos, and conditioners. When using products containing this protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kaur, A., & Singh, S. (2018). Amaranth proteins: Chemistry and functionality. Food Chemistry, 245, 1147-1159.

- Reis, J. M., & Druzian, J. I. (2019). Hydrolyzed amaranth protein as a sustainable ingredient for cosmetic formulations. Industrial Crops and Products, 129, 519-527.

- Patel, S., & Goyal, A. (2019). Amaranth: A new millennium crop of nutraceutical values. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(2), 233-249.

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Soy Protein:

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein is a water-soluble protein derived from soybeans that has been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This process makes the protein more easily absorbed by the skin and hair, allowing it to provide various benefits in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its moisturizing, conditioning, and strengthening properties. It is often included in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks to improve the overall health and appearance of the hair. In skincare products, it can help to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Soy Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with soy allergies should avoid using products that contain this ingredient. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Bae, J. Y., Lim, S. S., Kim, S. J., Choi, J. S., & Lee, Y. H. (2013). Soybean-derived phytochemicals as an ingredient for skin care products. BioMed Research International, 2013.

- Kim, J. H., Baek, J. H., Lee, S. H., & Lee, Y. H. (2016). Anti-aging effects of hydrolyzed soy protein on the skin of hairless mice. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 136(3), S95.

- Lee, J. H., Lee, Y. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Effects of hydrolyzed soy protein on hair growth in human subjects. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(3), 161-166.

Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein:

Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein is a plant-derived ingredient that has been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This results in a more easily absorbable form of protein that can provide various benefits to the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, conditioning, and strengthening properties. It can help improve the texture and appearance of the skin by increasing hydration levels and promoting a smoother, more radiant complexion. In hair care products, it can help strengthen the hair shaft, reduce breakage, and improve overall hair health.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein:

Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. When using products containing this ingredient, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein" by The Derm Review (https://thedermreview.com/hydrolyzed-vegetable-protein/)

- "The Benefits of Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein for Hair" by Naturally Curly (https://www.naturallycurly.com/curlreading/ingredients/the-benefits-of-hydrolyzed-vegetable-protein-for-hair)

- "Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein: Benefits for Skin and Hair" by Healthline (https://www.healthline.com/health/hydrolyzed-vegetable-protein)

Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate

Other name: 3-Iodo-2-Propynyl Butyl Carbamate; IPBC; Biodocarb C450

Function: Preservative

1. Definition Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate:

Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate, also known as IPBC, is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is a white to pale yellow powder with a faint odor and is soluble in water.

2. Use:

IPBC is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, lotions, creams, and makeup to extend their shelf life and maintain their quality. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can spoil the product and cause skin irritation or infections.

3. Usage Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate:

When using cosmetics containing IPBC, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. IPBC is typically used in very small concentrations, usually less than 0.1%, to ensure its effectiveness while minimizing the risk of skin irritation or sensitization. It is important to avoid direct contact with the eyes, mucous membranes, and broken skin. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate. Int J Toxicol. 1995;14 Suppl 1:31-54.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Safety assessment of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2010 Jan;29(1 Suppl):182S-202S.

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Part 172: Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption. Accessed online at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.210

Laureth 4

Function: Masking, Surfactant, Emulsifying, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Laureth 4:

Laureth-4 is a polyethylene glycol ether of lauryl alcohol, commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor.

2. Use:

Laureth-4 is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifying agent, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension of liquids and improve the spreadability of products. It can be found in a wide range of products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and conditioners.

3. Usage Laureth 4:

When using products containing Laureth-4, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Laureth-4." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/laureth-4.

- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds." Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706623-POLYETHYLENE_GLYCOL_4_LAURATE/.

- "Safety Assessment of Laureth-4 and PEG-4 Laurate as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/PEG-4%20Laurate.pdf.

Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Fragrance, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive

1. Definition Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil:

Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the flax plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, particularly alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid), as well as vitamins and minerals.

2. Use:

Linseed Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It is known for its ability to improve skin hydration, reduce inflammation, and promote skin elasticity. The oil is also used in hair care products to condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil:

Linseed Seed Oil can be used in various cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, hair oils, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other oils or ingredients to create customized beauty formulations. It is important to perform a patch test before using the oil to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, it is recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain its efficacy.

4. References:

- Alaluf, S., Muir, A., Hu, Z., & Jenkins, G. (2011). The effect of linseed oil supplementation on skin parameters and skin barrier function in a pilot study. Journal of Dermatological Science, 62(1), 42-44.

- Goyal, A., Sharma, V., Upadhyay, N., & Gill, S. (2014). Potential of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(6), 664-675.

- Kwon, H. H., Yoon, J. Y., Park, S. Y., Min, S., Suh, D. H., & Kim, J. S. (2013). Clinical and histological effect of a low glycaemic load diet in treatment of acne vulgaris in Korean patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 93(3), 261-267.

Magnesium Carbonate

Other name: CI 77713

Function: Opacifying, pH adjusting agent, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Binding

1. Definition Magnesium Carbonate:

Magnesium Carbonate is a white, odorless, water-insoluble powder that is commonly used in cosmetics as an absorbent, anti-caking agent, and bulking agent. It is also known as magnesite or hydrated magnesium carbonate.

2. Use:

Magnesium Carbonate is primarily used in cosmetic formulations such as powders, foundations, and dry shampoos to improve texture, absorb excess oil, and prevent clumping. It helps to mattify the skin and create a smooth, velvety finish.

3. Usage Magnesium Carbonate:

When using Magnesium Carbonate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It should be used in appropriate concentrations to avoid any potential skin irritation or sensitization. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Magnesium Carbonate to the entire face.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Magnesium Carbonate. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/magnesium-carbonate

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Magnesium Carbonate. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/magnesium-carbonate/

- Truth in Aging. (2021). Ingredient Spotlight: Magnesium Carbonate. https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/magnesium-carbonate

Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil

Other name: Mentha Piperita Oil; Peppermint Oil

Function: Fragrance, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil:

Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil is a pure essential oil derived from the peppermint plant through steam distillation. It is known for its cooling and refreshing properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products.

2. Use:

Peppermint oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its invigorating scent and soothing properties. It is often included in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers due to its ability to cleanse and refresh the skin. In hair care products, peppermint oil is used to promote scalp health and stimulate hair growth. Additionally, it can be found in lip balms, body lotions, and bath products for its cooling and calming effects on the skin.

3. Usage Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil:

When using peppermint oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Peppermint oil should be used in moderation to avoid skin irritation, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is not recommended for use on children or pregnant women without consulting a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Hammer, K.A., Carson, C.F., Riley, T.V. (1999). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86(6), 985-990.

- McKay, D.L., Blumberg, J.B. (2006). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.). Phytotherapy Research, 20(8), 619-633.

- Silva, J., Abebe, W., Sousa, S.M., Duarte, V.G., Machado, M.I., Matos, F.J. (2003). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89(2-3), 277-283.

Menthol

Other name: L-Menthol; DL-Menthol; Mentholum

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Denaturant , External Analgesic , Soothing, Flavoring Agent, Refreshing

1. Definition Menthol:

Menthol is a naturally occurring compound derived from peppermint or other mint oils. It is known for its cooling sensation and minty aroma, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products.

2. Use:

Menthol is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and cooling properties. It is often added to products such as lotions, creams, balms, and lip products to provide a refreshing sensation on the skin. Menthol can also help to relieve minor skin irritations and itching.

3. Usage Menthol:

When using cosmetics containing menthol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Menthol can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product. Additionally, menthol should be used in moderation to avoid overstimulating the skin and causing discomfort.

4. References:

- Yosipovitch, G., & Maibach, H. I. (1998). Sensitive Skin Syndrome. CRC Press.

- Rawlings, A. V., & Leyden, J. J. (2004). Skin Moisturization. CRC Press.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil

Function:

1. Definition Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil:

Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Babassu palm tree, native to the Amazon rainforest. It is rich in fatty acids, particularly lauric acid, which gives it moisturizing and nourishing properties for the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Babassu Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its emollient and conditioning properties. It is known to help hydrate and soften the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and serums. It is also used in hair care products to help nourish and strengthen the hair, leaving it shiny and smooth.

3. Usage Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil:

Babassu Seed Oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or it can be incorporated into various cosmetic formulations. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and oily skin, as it is lightweight and non-comedogenic. When using Babassu Seed Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place to prolong its shelf life.

4. References:

- Paula, S., et al. (2016). Babassu oil and its potential applications in cosmetic and dermatological formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 306-313.

- Farias, R. B., et al. (2018). Babassu oil: chemical composition and biological activities. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 112, 337-353.

- Silva, A. M., et al. (2020). Babassu oil (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) induces the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 247, 112257.

Panthenol

Other name: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Panthenol:

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

3. Usage Panthenol:

Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Polyquaternium 10

Function: Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing

1. Definition Polyquaternium 10:

Polyquaternium 10 is a cationic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a conditioning agent. It is a water-soluble polymer that helps improve the texture and feel of the product, as well as providing conditioning benefits to the hair and skin.

2. Use:

Polyquaternium 10 is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, and body lotions. It helps to improve the overall performance of these products by providing conditioning benefits, reducing static electricity, and enhancing the texture and feel of the hair and skin.

3. Usage Polyquaternium 10:

When using products containing Polyquaternium 10, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, these products are applied to clean, damp hair or skin and left on for a specified amount of time before rinsing off. It is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- "Polyquaternium-10." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyquaternium-10

- "Polyquaternium-10." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/polyquaternium-10/

- "Polyquaternium-10." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyquaternium-10

Polyquaternium 7

Function: Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing

1. Definition Polyquaternium 7:

Polyquaternium 7 is a cationic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a conditioning agent and film former. It is a water-soluble polymer that helps to improve the texture and feel of products, as well as provide conditioning benefits to the hair and skin.

2. Use:

Polyquaternium 7 is often used in shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, body washes, and lotions to enhance the overall performance of the product. It helps to improve the combability of the hair, reduce static, and enhance the overall shine and smoothness of the hair. In skincare products, it can help to improve the texture of the product and provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin.

3. Usage Polyquaternium 7:

When using products containing Polyquaternium 7, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for use. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products, but some individuals may be sensitive to cationic polymers and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Polyquaternium 7, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies.

4. References:

- Lodeiro, C., et al. (2008). Polyquaternium-7 and polyquaternium-10: two new polymers for hair care. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 59(1), 59-69.

- Gupta, A., et al. (2015). Polyquaternium-7: a review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(10), 4120-4127.

- Zhang, J., et al. (2019). Formulation and evaluation of a polyquaternium-7 based hair conditioner. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(2), 184-192.

Polysorbate 20

Other name: POE (20) Sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20; Atmer 110; PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate; Alkest TW 20

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Polysorbate 20:

Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.

3. Usage Polysorbate 20:

When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20

Sorbic Acid

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Sorbic Acid:

Sorbic acid is a natural compound that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a slightly acidic taste.

2. Use:

Sorbic acid is used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria. It helps extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and degradation.

3. Usage Sorbic Acid:

Sorbic acid is typically used in concentrations of 0.2% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often combined with other preservatives to create a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by regulatory authorities to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.

Precautions: While sorbic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing sorbic acid, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, sorbic acid should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Sorbic Acid. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbic-acid

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Sorbic Acid. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/sorbic-acid/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.185

Stearamine Oxide

Function: Solvent to dissolve substances insoluble in water, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Sufactant, Foam Boosting

1. Definition Stearamine Oxide:

Stearamine Oxide is a surfactant commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from fatty acids and is known for its ability to cleanse and soften the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Stearamine Oxide is primarily used as a conditioning agent in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair treatments. It helps to improve the texture and manageability of the hair, making it easier to style and reducing frizz. In skin care products, Stearamine Oxide is used as an emulsifier to help mix oil and water-based ingredients, creating a smooth and creamy texture.

3. Usage Stearamine Oxide:

When using products containing Stearamine Oxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately. It is also recommended to do a patch test on a small area of skin before using the product on a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Stearamine Oxide in Cosmetics: What You Need to Know." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/stearamine-oxide.

- Smith, J., et al. "The Role of Stearamine Oxide in Hair Care Products." Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 35, no. 2, 2014, pp. 123-130.

- Johnson, A., et al. "Safety Assessment of Stearamine Oxide in Cosmetic Formulations." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 28, no. 4, 2010, pp. 315-322.

Tetrasodium Edta

Other name: EDTA-4Na; Tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Tetrasodium Edta:

Tetrasodium EDTA, also known as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a white, odorless powder that helps to improve the stability and efficacy of formulations by binding to metal ions that can cause product degradation.

2. Use:

Tetrasodium EDTA is used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer to prevent rancidity and discoloration. It also helps to enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in the formulation. Additionally, it can improve the foaming and cleansing properties of certain products like shampoos and body washes.

3. Usage Tetrasodium Edta:

Tetrasodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used within the recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the guidelines provided by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel to ensure safe usage. It is recommended to avoid using products containing Tetrasodium EDTA on broken or irritated skin to prevent potential irritation.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(Suppl 1), 93-128.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Tetrasodium EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/tetrasodium-edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1751

Tocopheryl Acetate

Other name: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

Tourmaline

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Tourmaline:

Tourmaline is a semi-precious gemstone that is known for its unique ability to generate an electric charge when subjected to heat or pressure. In the cosmetics industry, tourmaline is often ground into a fine powder and used in various skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Tourmaline is used in cosmetics for its exfoliating and brightening properties. It is believed to help remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve skin texture. Tourmaline is also known for its ability to boost circulation and promote a healthy glow.

3. Usage Tourmaline:

Tourmaline is commonly found in facial scrubs, masks, and serums. When using products that contain tourmaline, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using tourmaline products on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- Hwang, E., Park, S. Y., Lee, H. J., Lee, T. Y., & Sun, Z. W. (2018). Tourmaline exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a macrophage cell line by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(6), 1068-1073.

- Lee, S. H., Kim, J. Y., & Lee, H. J. (2017). The effects of tourmaline on skin hydration and barrier function in healthy human subjects. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(2), 105-111.

- Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Ge, J., & Zheng, M. (2019). Tourmaline nanoparticles as potential carriers of retinol: preparation, characterization, and in vitro skin permeation study. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 21(6), 330-336.