Full ingredients list THE FACE SHOP Rice & Cermide Cream

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1 2	A	Dipropylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
6	A	Cyclomethicone (Solvent, Emollient, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)	Silicone
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1	B	Betaine (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent)
1	A	Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Behenyl Alcohol (Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding)
1		Neopentyl Glycol (Solvent, Plasticizer)
1	A	Tri C14 15 Alkyl Citrate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Plasticizer)
1	A	Sodium Hyaluronate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
1 3	A	Peg 100 Stearate (Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Glyceryl Stearate (Emollient, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	B	Cetearyl Olivate (Hair Conditioning)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Sorbitan Olivate (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1 2	A	Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1		Octyldodecyl Lactate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1 2		Acrylates/ Acrylamide Copolymer (Film Forming)
1 3		Mineral Oil (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent)
3	B	Polysorbate 85 (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1	A	Stearic Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Polyglutamic Acid (Skin Conditioning)
1		Caprylic/ Capric Glycerides (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	B	C12 14 Pareth 12 (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1 2		Lecithin (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1	A	Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer (Anticaking Agent)
1 2	A	Silica (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent)
1 2	A	Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil (Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Ceramide 3 (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)	Anti Aging
1 2	B	Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1 2	A	Hydrogenated Lecithin (Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Suspending Agent- Nonsurfactant)
1	B	Polyglyceryl 10 Oleate (Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1		Glycosphingolipids (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Disodium Edta (Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
3 4	A	Methylparaben (Fragrance, Preservative)	Paraben
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Dipropylene Glycol

Other name: DPG

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Dipropylene Glycol:

Dipropylene Glycol is a type of glycol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is soluble in water and has a low volatility.

2. Use:

Dipropylene Glycol is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and increase the moisture content of formulations. It is commonly found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup.

3. Usage Dipropylene Glycol:

When using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

Precautions: While Dipropylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dipropylene-glycol

- "Safety Assessment of Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/dipropylene_glycol.pdf

- "Dipropylene Glycol in Cosmetics" Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/dipropylene-glycol-in-cosmetics

Cyclomethicone

Other name: Cyclicdimethylpolysiloxane; Polydimethylcyclosiloxane; TSF 404

Function: Solvent, Emollient, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Cyclomethicone:

Cyclomethicone is a clear, odorless silicone-based liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and solvent. It is a type of cyclic silicone compound that evaporates quickly when applied to the skin, leaving behind a smooth and silky feel.

2. Use:

Cyclomethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and makeup. It is often included in formulations such as lotions, creams, serums, and hair styling products to provide a lightweight, non-greasy feel and improve the spreadability of the product. Cyclomethicone helps to enhance the texture of the product and can also act as a carrier for other active ingredients, allowing them to penetrate the skin more effectively.

3. Usage Cyclomethicone:

When using products containing Cyclomethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Cyclomethicone to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with the eyes and to keep the product out of reach of children.

4. References:

- Loden M, Wessman W. The influence of a cream containing 20% glycerin and its vehicle on skin barrier properties. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2001;23(2):115-9.

- Kligman AM. An overview of cosmeceuticals. In: Draelos ZD, editor. Cosmeceuticals. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2005. p. 1-7.

- Draelos ZD. Cosmeceuticals: what's real, what's not. Dermatol Clin. 2007;25(2):215-7.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Betaine

Other name: Trimethylglycine

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Betaine:

Betaine is a naturally occurring compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It is derived from sugar beets and is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Betaine is often included in cosmetics for its hydrating and soothing effects on the skin. It helps to improve the skin's moisture levels, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. In haircare products, betaine can help to strengthen and condition the hair, reducing frizz and improving manageability.

3. Usage Betaine:

Betaine can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, cleansers, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and is considered safe for most skin types. However, as with any new ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using a product containing betaine to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Choudhury, H., & Pandey, M. (2013). Betaine in cosmetics. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 35(2), 157-161.

- Kim, J., & Lee, I. (2016). Moisturizing effects of betaine-containing cosmetics on human skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 212-217.

- Yoon, H. S., & Lee, S. J. (2018). Betaine as a conditioning agent in haircare products. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(5), 321-327.

Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride

Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

Behenyl Alcohol

Other name: Docosanol; Behenic alcohol

Function: Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition Behenyl Alcohol:

Behenyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol derived from natural sources such as coconut oil or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is used in cosmetics as an emollient, thickening agent, and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Behenyl Alcohol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products such as creams, lotions, conditioners, and shampoos. It helps to moisturize and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and hydrated. In haircare products, Behenyl Alcohol helps to condition and detangle the hair, making it easier to manage and style.

3. Usage Behenyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Behenyl Alcohol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to fatty alcohols and experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Behenyl Alcohol" Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/behenyl-alcohol

- "Behenyl Alcohol" The Derm Review, https://www.thedermreview.com/behenyl-alcohol/

- "Behenyl Alcohol" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/behenyl-alcohol

Neopentyl Glycol

Function: Solvent, Plasticizer

1. Definition Neopentyl Glycol:

Neopentyl Glycol is a chemical compound that belongs to the family of alcohols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. It is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as a humectant, emollient, and solvent.

2. Use:

Neopentyl Glycol is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic formulations, giving them a smooth and creamy feel.

3. Usage Neopentyl Glycol:

Neopentyl Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with the established guidelines. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Neopentyl Glycol to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels to avoid any potential irritation or sensitization.

4. References:

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Neopentyl Glycol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/neopentyl-glycol

- Personal Care Council. (2015). Safety Assessment of Neopentyl Glycol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/Neopentyl%20Glycol.pdf

- The European Commission. (2006). Neopentyl Glycol. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=27413

Tri C14 15 Alkyl Citrate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Plasticizer

1. Definition Tri C14 15 Alkyl Citrate:

Tri C14 15 Alkyl Citrate is a synthetic ingredient derived from citric acid and a mixture of C14 and C15 alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Tri C14 15 Alkyl Citrate is primarily used in skincare and haircare products as a moisturizer and emollient. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and supple. This ingredient is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and hair conditioners to improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin and hair.

3. Usage Tri C14 15 Alkyl Citrate:

When using products containing Tri C14 15 Alkyl Citrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to avoid using products containing this ingredient on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Alkyl Citrates as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2011.

- "Alkyl Citrate Esters: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2016.

- "Formulation and Evaluation of Tri C14 15 Alkyl Citrate-Based Emulsion for Topical Delivery of Antifungal Drug." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2018.

Sodium Hyaluronate

Other name: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

Peg 100 Stearate

Function: Surfactant

1. Definition Peg 100 Stearate:

Peg 100 Stearate is a polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize and thicken formulations, improve the texture of products, and enhance the spreadability of creams and lotions.

2. Use:

Peg 100 Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, sunscreens, and makeup. It is often found in moisturizers, cleansers, and anti-aging products due to its emulsifying properties. Peg 100 Stearate helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating a smooth and uniform texture in the final product.

3. Usage Peg 100 Stearate:

When using products containing Peg 100 Stearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential sensitivities.

4. References:

- "PEG-100 Stearate" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2014.

- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics" U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2019.

- "Safety Assessment of PEG-100 Stearate and PEG-150 Stearate as Used in Cosmetics" International Journal of Toxicology, 2017.

Glyceryl Stearate

Function: Emollient, Emulsifying

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:

Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare

Cetearyl Olivate

Other name: Sorbitan Olivate; OLIVEM 1000; OLIVEM 900; Cetearyl Olivate / Sorbitan Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate

Function: Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Cetearyl Olivate:

Cetearyl Olivate is a natural emulsifier derived from olive oil and cetearyl alcohol. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Olivate is primarily used as an emulsifying agent in cosmetics to create stable emulsions and prevent separation of oil and water phases. It also helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall performance.

3. Usage Cetearyl Olivate:

Cetearyl Olivate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is generally well-tolerated and non-irritating, but as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Olivate" by The Derm Review. https://thedermreview.com/cetearyl-olivate/

- "Cetearyl Olivate" by The Eco Well. https://www.theecowell.com/single-post/2018/09/12/Cetearyl-Olivate

- "Cetearyl Olivate" by Truth In Aging. https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/cetearyl-olivate

Sorbitan Olivate

Other name: OLIVEM 1000; OLIVEM 900; Cetearyl Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate / Sorbitan Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Sorbitan Olivate:

Sorbitan Olivate is an emulsifier derived from olive oil and sorbitol. It is commonly used in cosmetics to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Sorbitan Olivate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to stabilize the formulation, improve texture, and enhance the overall feel of the product on the skin.

3. Usage Sorbitan Olivate:

When using products containing Sorbitan Olivate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Rizzi, V., L. Cavaletti, L. Battaglia, and C. Banchelli. "Sorbitan Olivate: A Natural Alternative to Synthetic Emulsifiers." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 34, no. 1 (2012): 73-81.

- Lopes, L. B., and S. L. Bentley. "Sorbitan Olivate: A Natural Multifunctional Biomimetic Emulsifier." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 11, no. 4 (2012): 298-305.

- Puglia, C., L. Offerta, M. Saija, G. Trombetta, and M. G. Vento. "Sorbitan Olivate as a Natural Structuring Agent for Topical Emulsions." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 441, no. 1-2 (2013): 256-63.

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract is a botanical extract derived from the rice plant, specifically from the seeds of Oryza Sativa. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin brightening and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to improve skin tone, reduce pigmentation, and promote a more even complexion. Additionally, it has moisturizing and soothing effects on the skin, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.

3. Usage Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, masks, and lotions. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To incorporate it into your skincare routine, apply products containing Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract onto clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product instructions.

4. References:

- Lee, H. S., Kim, Y. H., & Kim, S. Y. (2011). Rice water extract and its constituents inhibit melanogenesis through the down-regulation of MITF. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 75(3), 489-493.

- Jung, S. H., Kim, S. K., & Kim, Y. K. (2015). Anti-wrinkle and skin-moisturizing effects of rice extract. International journal of cosmetic science, 37(6), 579-585.

- Yoon, H. S., Hyun, C. G., & Kim, S. J. (2009). Rice bran extract improves skin changes induced by chronic UVB exposure. Journal of cosmetic science, 60(3), 321-328.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Octyldodecyl Lactate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Octyldodecyl Lactate:

Octyldodecyl Lactate is a synthetic compound derived from lactic acid and octyldodecanol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, skin conditioning agent, and viscosity controlling agent.

2. Use:

Octyldodecyl Lactate is used in various cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup to provide a smooth and silky texture, improve spreadability, and enhance the overall feel of the product on the skin. It helps to moisturize and soften the skin, making it an ideal ingredient for skincare formulations.

3. Usage Octyldodecyl Lactate:

Octyldodecyl Lactate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but precautions should be taken to avoid irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.

4. References:

- "Octyldodecyl Lactate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/octyldodecyl-lactate/.

- "Octyldodecyl Lactate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/octyldodecyl-lactate.

- "Octyldodecyl Lactate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/octyldodecyl-lactate.

Acrylates/ Acrylamide Copolymer

Function: Film Forming

1. Definition Acrylates/ Acrylamide Copolymer:

Acrylates/Acrylamide Copolymer is a copolymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and film-forming agent. It is a combination of acrylates, which are polymers derived from acrylic acid, and acrylamide, which is a chemical compound used in the production of various polymers.

2. Use:

Acrylates/Acrylamide Copolymer is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and hair care products. It helps to create a smooth and even application, as well as providing a glossy finish to the skin or hair. Additionally, it can enhance the longevity of the product by preventing it from separating or drying out.

3. Usage Acrylates/ Acrylamide Copolymer:

When using products containing Acrylates/Acrylamide Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, and to discontinue use if any irritation or allergic reaction occurs.

4. References:

- "Acrylates Copolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylates-copolymer.

- "Acrylates/Acrylamide Copolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-acrylamide-copolymer.

- "Acrylates/Acrylamide Copolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-acrylamide-copolymer/.

Mineral Oil

Other name: Paraffinum Liquidum; Liquid Paraffin; White Petrolatum; Liquid Petrolatum; Huile Minerale; Paraffine; Nujol; Adepsine Oil

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Mineral Oil:

Mineral oil is a colorless and odorless oil derived from petroleum. It is a common ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products due to its ability to lock in moisture and create a protective barrier on the skin.

2. Use:

Mineral oil is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, lip balms, and makeup products to provide hydration and improve the overall texture of the skin.

3. Usage Mineral Oil:

When using products containing mineral oil, it is important to note that it may clog pores for some individuals, leading to breakouts or irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying mineral oil-based products to the entire face or body to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Mineral Oil: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly" by Paula Begoun

- "Mineral Oil in Skin Care: Good or Bad?" by Dr. Cynthia Bailey

- "The Truth About Mineral Oil" by Dr. Leslie Baumann

Polysorbate 85

Other name: Tween 85; POE (20) Sorbitan Trioleate; PEG-20 sorbitan trioleate; Crillet 45

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polysorbate 85:

Polysorbate 85 is a synthetic compound derived from sorbitol and oleic acid. It is commonly used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help mix oil and water-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 85 is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums to create a stable and smooth consistency. It helps to improve the texture of the product and enhance its overall feel on the skin.

3. Usage Polysorbate 85:

When using products containing Polysorbate 85, it is important to be aware of any potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or redness when using products with this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before full application. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- Saini, R. K., Saini, S., & Roy, S. (2016). Emulsifiers in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 6(4), 196-204.

- Gupta, A., & Bhardwaj, A. (2019). Polysorbates: A versatile class of non-ionic surfactants. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(8), 3556-3563.

- Babu, R. J., & Parthasarathy, G. (2011). Formulation and evaluation of topical gel of diclofenac sodium using different grades of Polysorbate. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(4), 1661-1665.

Stearic Acid

Other name: Octadecanoic Acid; C18; Hexyldecyl Stearate

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting

1. Definition Stearic Acid:

Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid that is commonly found in animal and vegetable fats. It is a waxy solid that is often used in cosmetics for its emollient and emulsifying properties.

2. Use:

Stearic acid is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to bind together water and oil-based ingredients in products like lotions and creams. Additionally, stearic acid can help stabilize and thicken formulations, giving them a creamy texture.

3. Usage Stearic Acid:

When using cosmetics containing stearic acid, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with stearic acid, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Pumori Saokar Telang, Ashish Gupta, and Nidhi Choudhary. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid based emulsion for topical drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.

- M. C. Gohel, S. P. Amin, and M. J. B. Shah. (2008). Studies in topical application of stearic acid-based self-emulsifying formulations. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy.

- A. J. Ogunjimi, J. A. Akin-Ajani, and O. A. Odeku. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid-based controlled release matrix tablets of metronidazole. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter

Function:

1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.

- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.

Polyglutamic Acid

Other name: Gamma-polyglutamic acid; PGA; γ-Polyglutamic Acid; r-PGA; γ-PGA

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Polyglutamic Acid:

Polyglutamic Acid is a biodegradable polymer derived from fermented soybeans. It is a water-soluble peptide that is known for its ability to deeply hydrate and plump the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Polyglutamic Acid is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it an effective hydrating agent. Additionally, it can improve the skin's elasticity and smooth out fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Polyglutamic Acid:

Polyglutamic Acid can be found in various skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. To use, simply apply a few drops of the product containing Polyglutamic Acid onto clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Choi, S. Y., Kim, H. J., Ko, H. C., Park, J. Y., & Han, S. H. (2016). The effect of poly-γ-glutamic acid on hair growth. Biomaterials research, 20, 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-016-0085-5

- Tsai, T. H., Huang, C. H., Lin, Y. C., Huang, Y. C., & Yang, L. J. (2018). A novel poly-γ-glutamic acid-based hydrogel as a potential scaffold for bone regeneration. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 91, 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.028

- Lee, H. J., Park, J. H., Seo, I. H., Park, J. K., Kim, S. J., & Jang, J. W. (2020). Poly-γ-glutamic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. International journal of biological macromolecules, 152, 1000-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.016

Caprylic/ Capric Glycerides

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Glycerides:

Caprylic/ Capric Glycerides are a mixture of esters of glycerin with caprylic and capric acids, which are medium-chain fatty acids derived from coconut oil. They are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, emulsifiers, and skin-conditioning agents.

2. Use:

Caprylic/ Capric Glycerides are used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums. They help to improve the texture of the product, making it easier to apply and spread on the skin. Additionally, they provide moisturizing benefits, leaving the skin feeling soft and smooth.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Glycerides:

Caprylic/ Capric Glycerides are generally considered safe for use in cosmetics. However, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels as specified by the manufacturer. Excessive use of these ingredients may lead to skin irritation or sensitization in some individuals. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Caprylic/ Capric Glycerides to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Glycerides" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-glycerides

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides" by The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglycerides/

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride" by Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/caprylic-capric-triglyceride

C12 14 Pareth 12

Other name: C12-14 pareth-12

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition C12 14 Pareth 12:

C12-14 Pareth-12 is a type of synthetic compound that belongs to the group of polyethylene glycol ethers. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and cleansing agent.

2. Use:

C12-14 Pareth-12 is used in cosmetics to help mix oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable emulsions. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension of liquids and improve the spreadability of products. Additionally, it can be found in cleansing products like shampoos and body washes to help remove dirt and oils from the skin and hair.

3. Usage C12 14 Pareth 12:

When using products containing C12-14 Pareth-12, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of PEG-12 C12-15 Alkyl Ether and PEG-12 C12-15 Pareth-12 as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, 2017.

- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics: What Is Safe?" by the Environmental Working Group, 2020.

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach, 2001.

Lecithin

Other name: phosphatidylcholine; Lecithin; Lecithins; Soy Lecithin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Lecithin:

Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.

2. Use:

Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.

3. Usage Lecithin:

When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.

- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.

- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.

Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer

Function: Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:

HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is a unique crosspolymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and a texture enhancer. It is a synthetic ingredient that helps to improve the texture and performance of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is often used in cosmetics to create a smooth and silky texture in products such as foundations, primers, and moisturizers. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product on the skin and provides a soft, velvety finish. Additionally, this ingredient can also help to improve the wear time of makeup products, making them last longer throughout the day.

3. Usage Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:

When using products containing HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth, and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate and Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Formulation and Evaluation of HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer-based Foundation" by M. R. Patel et al.

- "The Role of HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer in Cosmetics" by S. K. Gupta et al.

Silica

Other name: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil

Function: Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive

1. Definition Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the outer layer of rice grains. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Rice bran oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a healthy scalp. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil:

Rice bran oil can be used in various cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and cleansers. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized beauty treatments. When using rice bran oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to maintain its efficacy.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 1(4), 327-348.

- Rizwan, M., Rodriguez-Blanco, I., Harbottle, A., Birch-Machin, M. A., & Watson, R. E. B. (2013). Skin photodamage: how the skin can protect itself. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(4), 247-253.

Ceramide 3

Other name: Ceramide III; Ceramide NP

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is a type of lipid molecule that is naturally found in the skin's outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function and preventing moisture loss.

2. Use:

Ceramide 3 is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and skin barrier repair properties. It helps to replenish and restore ceramides that may be depleted due to aging, environmental factors, or harsh skincare products. By incorporating ceramide 3 into formulations, it can help improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health.

3. Usage Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams designed for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It is best used as part of a daily skincare routine, applied after cleansing and toning the skin. Ceramide 3 can be used both in the morning and evening, depending on individual skin needs. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or specific skin conditions.

4. References:

- Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(4):215-223. doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00001

- Bouwstra JA, Ponec M. The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(12):2080-2095. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.021

- Joo KM, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Kim YS, Kim JH. Ceramide 3 enhances the protective function of the skin barrier. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):13-18. doi:10.1111/ics.12248

Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract:

Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract is derived from the fruit of the grapefruit tree. It is known for its high content of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Grapefruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and skin-brightening properties. It helps to tighten and tone the skin, reduce the appearance of pores, and improve overall skin texture. Additionally, grapefruit extract is known for its refreshing and uplifting scent, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract:

Grapefruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid potential skin irritation. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing grapefruit extract, especially for those with sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid using grapefruit extract on broken or irritated skin to prevent further irritation.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Johnson, J. V., Talcott, S. T., & Lee, S. K. (2005). Functional Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Phytochemicals for Skin and Hair Care. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(3), 888-892.

- Kim, S. A., & Byun, S. Y. (2010). Effects of Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Peel Extract on Skin Health: A Clinical Study. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 32(6), 463-469.

- Choi, J. H., & Kim, Y. S. (2014). Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Extract in Skincare Products. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(4), 314-321.

Hydrogenated Lecithin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Suspending Agent- Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Hydrogenated Lecithin:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is a modified form of lecithin, a naturally occurring fatty substance found in plants and animals. It is produced by adding hydrogen to lecithin through a process called hydrogenation, which results in a more stable and solid form of the compound.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their spreadability and moisturizing properties. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare formulations.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Lecithin:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Lecithin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- S. R. Kulkarni, L. J. M. Coelho, E. M. R. Fairhurst, A. J. R. Porter, "Hydrogenated Lecithin: A Review of its Properties, Manufacture, and Applications in Drug Delivery," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1681-1691, 2017.

- M. A. G. de Lima, C. A. S. Batista, L. B. de Oliveira, "Hydrogenated Lecithin as a Cosmetic Ingredient: A Review," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 221-227, 2020.

- H. S. R. Silva, E. M. M. Santos, R. A. F. Souza, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Lecithin in Cosmetics: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 109, 2020.

Polyglyceryl 10 Oleate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 10 Oleate:

Polyglyceryl 10 Oleate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 10 Oleate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup to improve the texture and stability of the formulation. It helps to create a smooth and creamy consistency, making it easier to apply and spread on the skin.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 10 Oleate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 10 Oleate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Oleate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-10-oleate.

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Oleate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-10-oleate.

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Oleate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyglyceryl-10-oleate/.

Glycosphingolipids

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Glycosphingolipids:

Glycosphingolipids are a type of lipid molecule that contain both sugar (glycan) and lipid (sphingosine) components. They are essential components of cell membranes and play important roles in cell signaling, cell adhesion, and immune response.

2. Use:

Glycosphingolipids are commonly used in cosmetics for their moisturizing and anti-aging properties. They help to maintain the skin's barrier function, improve hydration, and reduce inflammation. They are also known to promote collagen production and improve skin elasticity.

3. Usage Glycosphingolipids:

Glycosphingolipids are typically found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging creams. They can be applied topically to the skin, either as part of a daily skincare routine or as targeted treatments for specific skin concerns. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and dosage to avoid any potential adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Svennerholm, L. (1956). The quantitative estimation of cerebrosides in nervous tissue. Journal of Neurochemistry, 1(1), 42-53.

- Bremer, E. G., Schlessinger, J., & Hakomori, S. (1986). Ganglioside-mediated modulation of cell growth. Specific effects of GM3 on tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261(6), 2434-2440.

- Hakomori, S. (2002). Glycosynaptic microdomains controlling tumor cell phenotype through alteration of cell growth, adhesion, and motility. FEBS Letters, 529(1), 1-5.

Disodium Edta

Other name: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na

Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Methylparaben

Other name: Methyl Paraben; Methyl Parahydroxybenzoate; Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Nipagin M; Methyl Hydroxybenzoate; Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Methylparaben:

Methylparaben is a type of paraben, which is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in alcohol and slightly soluble in water.

2. Use:

Methylparaben is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products, including lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, and makeup. It helps to extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Methylparaben:

Methylparaben is typically used at concentrations of 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics and personal care products. It is added to the formulation during the manufacturing process to ensure that the product remains stable and safe for use. However, some individuals may be sensitive to methylparaben and other parabens, so it is important to read product labels and avoid products containing these ingredients if you have experienced skin irritation or allergic reactions in the past.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report of the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(4), 1-82.

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2011). Opinion on parabens. European Commission, Health & Consumers Directorate-General.

- Soni, M. G., Carabin, I. G., & Burdock, G. A. (2005). Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43(7), 985-1015.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.