Ingredients list The One by Frederic Fekkai The Universal One ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1	B	Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate (Surfactant, Cleansing)
1 5	B	Cocamidopropyl Betaine (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Foam Boosting, Sufactant)
1	B	Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate (Surfactant, Antistatic Agent, Cleansing, Foaming)
1	B	Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate (Hair Conditioning, Surfactant, Cleansing)	Fungal Acne Trigger
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Glycol Distearate (Opacifying, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
		Acrylates Crosspolymer-4
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
3	A	Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Trioleate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Sufactant, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous)
1 3	B	Laureth 4 (Masking, Surfactant, Emulsifying, Antistatic Agent)	Bad for oily skin
1		Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate (Chelating Agent)
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Silicone Quaternium 3 (Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1		Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming)
2		Propanediol (Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
2	A	Ethylhexylglycerin (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning)
1	A	1,2-Hexanediol (Solvent)
1 4	A	Polyquaternium 7 (Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing)
1 4	B	Sodium Hydroxide (Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)
1 3	A	Sodium Benzoate (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive)
4 5		Limonene (Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Allergen
1	A	Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride (Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Triolein (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Refatting)
1	B	Trideceth 12 (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1	A	Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Panthenol (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
2 3	A	Tocopheryl Acetate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Anti Aging
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1		Cystoseira Amentacea/Caespitosa Branchycarpa Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Algin (Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding)	Bad for sensitive skin Bad for oily skin
1		Carrageenan
1	B	Coco Glucoside (Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming)
1	A	Xanthan Gum (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming)
1	A	Soy Amino Acids (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Wheat Amino Acids (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Soothing)
1 2	A	Citric Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin
2	A	Potassium Sorbate (Fragrance, Preservative)
1		Chitosan (Film Forming, Hair Fixing)
1	A	Arginine HCl (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Serine (Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent)
1		Sodium Chloride (Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent)
1	A	Threonine (Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Waving Or Straightening)
2		Alcohol (Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent)	Bad for sensitive skin Bad for dry skin Alcohol
1		Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	B	Disodium Phosphate (Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Anticorrosive)
4 6	A	Benzyl Alcohol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic )	Allergen

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate

Function: Surfactant, Cleansing

1. Definition Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate:

Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil and is commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers. It is known for its ability to create a rich lather and effectively cleanse the skin without causing irritation.

2. Use:

Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate is primarily used as a cleansing agent in cosmetics due to its ability to remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair. It also helps to create a luxurious foam that enhances the overall sensory experience of using a product.

3. Usage Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate:

When using products containing Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product to ensure compatibility. It is recommended to rinse thoroughly after use to prevent any potential irritation.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2018). Safety Assessment of Isethionates as Used in Cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 37(1), 23-57.

- Kaur, R., & Kaur, S. (2019). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Containing Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(4), 3009-3013.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2021). Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-lauroyl-methyl-isethionate.

Cocamidopropyl Betaine

Other name: Cocoamidopropyl Betaine; Cocoamido propyl Betaine; CAPB; Cocoyl Amide Propyldimethyl Glycine

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Foam Boosting, Sufactant

1. Definition Cocamidopropyl Betaine:

Cocamidopropyl Betaine is a surfactant derived from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and foam booster.

2. Use:

Cocamidopropyl Betaine is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and hand soaps. It helps to create a rich lather, effectively removing dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair.

3. Usage Cocamidopropyl Betaine:

When using products containing Cocamidopropyl Betaine, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. While it is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience irritation or reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 10632, Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cocamidopropyl-betaine

- Environmental Working Group. Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701520-COCAMIDOPROPYL_BETAINE/

- Personal Care Products Council. Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/cocamidopropyl-betaine/

Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate

Function: Surfactant, Antistatic Agent, Cleansing, Foaming

1. Definition Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate:

Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate is a mild surfactant derived from taurine and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate is used in skincare products such as facial cleansers, body washes, and shampoos. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and makeup from the skin without stripping it of its natural oils. Additionally, it helps to create a creamy lather and stabilize the formulation of the product.

3. Usage Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate:

When using products containing Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2014). Final report on the safety assessment of oleic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, and stearic acid. International journal of toxicology, 33(1_suppl), 31S-71S.

- Lodeiro, A. R., & Mosquera, V. (2005). Surface activity of N-acyltaurates. Journal of colloid and interface science, 285(2), 662-668.

- Hsu, L. H., & Groll, A. H. (2015). Antifungal activity of the topical agent sodium methyl oleoyl taurate (Lipoamino acid) against emerging Candida species. Journal of medical microbiology, 64(8), 927-932.

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate

Other name: SCI

Function: Hair Conditioning, Surfactant, Cleansing

1. Definition Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate:

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil that is commonly used in cosmetics for its cleansing and foaming properties. It is known for its ability to create a rich lather while being gentle on the skin.

2. Use:

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is primarily used in skincare and hair care products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils, making it suitable for sensitive and dry skin types.

3. Usage Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate:

When using products containing Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with known allergies to coconut oil or sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Sivakumar, R., Nandhakumar, S., & Sivasubramanian, S. (2018). Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(12), 4965-4970.

- Kaur, R., & Sharma, S. (2019). Formulation and Evaluation of Mild Surfactant-Based Shampoo Containing Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 11(6), 2013-2018.

- Chaudhary, R., & Sharma, N. (2020). Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate: An Overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research, 10(4), 124-129.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Glycol Distearate

Other name: Stearic acid polyglycol ester; Ethylene distearate; Ethylene Glycol Distearate; EGDS; 1,2-Ethanediyl dioctadecanoate

Function: Opacifying, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying

1. Definition Glycol Distearate:

Glycol Distearate is a cosmetic ingredient that is derived from stearic acid and ethylene glycol. It is commonly used as an emollient and thickening agent in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Glycol Distearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient to help soften and smooth the skin and hair. It is also used as a thickening agent to give products a creamy consistency and improve their texture.

3. Usage Glycol Distearate:

Glycol Distearate is typically found in products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and lotions. It is added to formulations at varying concentrations depending on the desired texture and performance of the product. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.

Precautions: While Glycol Distearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Glycol Distearate to check for any adverse reactions. If any irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Glycol Distearate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glycol-distearate.

- S. V. Patil, et al. "Glycol Distearate." National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Database, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glycol-distearate.

- "Glycol Distearate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/cosmetic-ingredient/glycol-distearate/.

Acrylates Crosspolymer-4

Function:

1. Definition Acrylates Crosspolymer-4:

Acrylates Crosspolymer-4 is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Acrylates Crosspolymer-4 is primarily used in cosmetic formulations to provide a smooth and gel-like texture. It helps to enhance the spreadability of products such as creams, lotions, gels, and serums, making them easier to apply and ensuring even distribution on the skin. Additionally, it can also help to stabilize emulsions and prevent the separation of oil and water phases in formulations.

3. Usage Acrylates Crosspolymer-4:

Acrylates Crosspolymer-4 is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5% in cosmetic products. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the desired texture and performance of the product. When using products containing Acrylates Crosspolymer-4, it is advisable to perform a patch test on a small area of skin to check for any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Acrylates Copolymer and Acrylates Crosspolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, International Journal of Toxicology, 2017.

- "Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference" by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and Martin Möller, Elsevier, 2012.

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, Howard I. Maibach, CRC Press, 2014.

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Trioleate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Sufactant, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous

1. Definition Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Trioleate:

Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Trioleate is a polyethylene glycol derivative of methyl glucose trioleate, which is derived from natural sources such as glucose and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.

2. Use:

Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Trioleate is used in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable emulsions. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce surface tension and improve the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, it can enhance the texture and feel of formulations, making them smoother and more luxurious.

3. Usage Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Trioleate:

Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Trioleate is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and cleansers. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended usage levels to avoid potential irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of PEGylated Oils as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Laureth 4

Function: Masking, Surfactant, Emulsifying, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Laureth 4:

Laureth-4 is a polyethylene glycol ether of lauryl alcohol, commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor.

2. Use:

Laureth-4 is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifying agent, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension of liquids and improve the spreadability of products. It can be found in a wide range of products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and conditioners.

3. Usage Laureth 4:

When using products containing Laureth-4, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Laureth-4." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/laureth-4.

- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds." Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706623-POLYETHYLENE_GLYCOL_4_LAURATE/.

- "Safety Assessment of Laureth-4 and PEG-4 Laurate as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/PEG-4%20Laurate.pdf.

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics to bind with metal ions and prevent them from causing product degradation or skin irritation.

2. Use:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is primarily used in cosmetics as a stabilizer and preservative. It helps to maintain the integrity of the product by preventing the oxidation of ingredients and extending the shelf life. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other active ingredients in the formula by improving their stability.

3. Usage Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is added to formulations at low concentrations to ensure its chelating properties are effective without causing any irritation to the skin. Users should follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective use of products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate" by the European Chemicals Agency

- "Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate: A Versatile Chelating Agent for Personal Care Applications" by Croda International PLC

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

Silicone Quaternium 3

Function: Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Silicone Quaternium 3:

Silicone Quaternium-3 is a silicone-based quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is known for its conditioning and anti-static properties, making it a popular ingredient in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products.

2. Use:

Silicone Quaternium-3 is primarily used as a conditioning agent in hair care products. It helps to improve the manageability, softness, and smoothness of the hair by forming a protective film on the hair shaft. This ingredient also helps to reduce frizz and static electricity, making it easier to style and maintain the hair.

3. Usage Silicone Quaternium 3:

Silicone Quaternium-3 is typically used in small concentrations in hair care products. It is added to shampoos, conditioners, and styling products during the formulation process. When using products containing Silicone Quaternium-3, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is recommended to avoid applying excessive amounts of the product to prevent buildup on the hair.

4. References:

- Silva, C., & De Almeida, M. V. (2017). Silicone quaternium-3: A new ingredient for hair care. Cosmetics & Toiletries, 132(3), 38-44.

- Lee, J., & Kim, S. (2019). Formulation and evaluation of hair conditioner containing silicone quaternium-3. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(3), 161-172.

- Lodeiro, C., & González, L. (2015). Evaluation of the conditioning properties of hair care products containing silicone quaternium-3. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 37(5), 511-518.

Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer

Other name: carbopol 1342 polymer; pemulen tr-1; pemulen tr-2

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming

1. Definition Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and spreadable texture, improve the stability of the formulation, and enhance the overall performance of the product. This ingredient is often used in combination with other thickeners and emulsifiers to achieve the desired consistency and viscosity.

3. Usage Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatesc10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer/.

Propanediol

Other name: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol

Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Propanediol:

Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.

2. Use:

Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Propanediol:

Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.

- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.

- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.

Ethylhexylglycerin

Other name: Octoxyglycerin

Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

1,2-Hexanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

Polyquaternium 7

Function: Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing

1. Definition Polyquaternium 7:

Polyquaternium 7 is a cationic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a conditioning agent and film former. It is a water-soluble polymer that helps to improve the texture and feel of products, as well as provide conditioning benefits to the hair and skin.

2. Use:

Polyquaternium 7 is often used in shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, body washes, and lotions to enhance the overall performance of the product. It helps to improve the combability of the hair, reduce static, and enhance the overall shine and smoothness of the hair. In skincare products, it can help to improve the texture of the product and provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin.

3. Usage Polyquaternium 7:

When using products containing Polyquaternium 7, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for use. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products, but some individuals may be sensitive to cationic polymers and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Polyquaternium 7, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies.

4. References:

- Lodeiro, C., et al. (2008). Polyquaternium-7 and polyquaternium-10: two new polymers for hair care. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 59(1), 59-69.

- Gupta, A., et al. (2015). Polyquaternium-7: a review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(10), 4120-4127.

- Zhang, J., et al. (2019). Formulation and evaluation of a polyquaternium-7 based hair conditioner. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(2), 184-192.

Sodium Hydroxide

Other name: NaOH

Function: Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:

Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.

2. Use:

Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.

3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:

When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide

Sodium Benzoate

Other name: natri benzoat

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive

1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:

Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:

When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024

- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics

Limonene

Other name: L-limonene; D-limonene

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Limonene:

Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.

2. Use:

Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.

3. Usage Limonene:

When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.

- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.

Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride

Function: Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride:

Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is a conditioning agent derived from Guar gum, a natural plant-based polymer. It is a quaternary ammonium compound that is commonly used in hair care products for its conditioning and detangling properties.

2. Use:

Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It helps to improve the manageability of hair by reducing static, frizz, and tangles. Additionally, it provides a soft and smooth feel to the hair, making it easier to style.

3. Usage Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride:

When using products containing Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Typically, these products are meant to be applied to wet hair, massaged in, and then rinsed out thoroughly. It is recommended to avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes, and if any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Sharma, R., & Anand, A. (2019). Guar gum: A versatile hydrocolloid. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(8), 3243-3257.

- Ravi, M., & Thilagavathi, T. (2015). Guar gum and its derivatives: A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(2), 833-847.

- Nand, A. V., & Sharma, C. P. (2014). Guar gum: A versatile polymer for pharmaceutical applications. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 49(1), 279-291.

Triolein

Other name: Glycerol Trioleate; Glycerine Trioleate

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Refatting

1. Definition Triolein:

Triolein is a triglyceride compound composed of three molecules of oleic acid attached to a glycerol backbone. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature and is commonly found in natural oils such as olive oil, sunflower oil, and avocado oil.

2. Use:

Triolein is used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It helps to moisturize and soften the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. Triolein is also used in hair care products to condition and nourish the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Triolein:

When using cosmetics containing triolein, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Triolein is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Zillich OV, Schweiggert-Weisz U, Eisner P, Kerscher M. Release of polyphenols from the oil bodies of diverse oilseeds by an in vitro digestion model. Food Funct. 2015 Mar;6(3):785-97. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00703j. PMID: 25640868.

- Gavrilova E, Seo E, Seo S, Park S. The potential of triolein emulsion to enhance skin permeation of hydrophobic drugs. Int J Pharm. 2013 Mar 25;446(1-2):127-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.005. Epub 2013 Feb 14. PMID: 23415817.

- Hwang YS, Kim YJ, Lee YJ, Kim MO, Lee JH, Lee GM, Jeong SH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of triolein and trilinolein in activated human neutrophils. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Oct;60:147-53. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.044. Epub 2013 Aug 8. PMID: 23933167.

Trideceth 12

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Trideceth 12:

Trideceth-12 is a polyethylene glycol ether of tridecyl alcohol, commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and conditioning agent. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together, stabilize formulations, and improve the spreadability and texture of products.

2. Use:

Trideceth-12 is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to detangle and soften hair, making it easier to comb through and style. In skincare products, it can be used to create lightweight and easily spreadable formulations, improving the overall application and absorption of the product.

3. Usage Trideceth 12:

Trideceth-12 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used as directed. However, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper use and dosage of products containing Trideceth-12.

4. References:

- "Safety and efficacy of trideceth-12 as used in cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. International Journal of Toxicology. 2015.

- "Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and related compounds: Ethoxylated ingredients in cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2019.

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, Howard I. Maibach. 2014.

Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride

Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

Panthenol

Other name: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Panthenol:

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

3. Usage Panthenol:

Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.

Tocopheryl Acetate

Other name: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Cystoseira Amentacea/Caespitosa Branchycarpa Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Cystoseira Amentacea/Caespitosa Branchycarpa Extract:

Cystoseira Amentacea/Caespitosa Branchycarpa Extract is a type of seaweed extract derived from the brown algae species Cystoseira Amentacea and Cystoseira Caespitosa. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Cystoseira Amentacea/Caespitosa Branchycarpa Extract is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it beneficial for improving skin health. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote overall skin rejuvenation. This extract is commonly used in anti-aging products, as it can help to minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve skin firmness and elasticity.

3. Usage Cystoseira Amentacea/Caespitosa Branchycarpa Extract:

When using products containing Cystoseira Amentacea/Caespitosa Branchycarpa Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to use sunscreen when using products containing this extract, as it may increase the skin's sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Katsarou, A., et al. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Cystoseira amentacea sulfated polysaccharides in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(2), 989-1000.

- Boulho, R., et al. (2018). Cystoseira amentacea extract as a potential cosmetic ingredient: Assessment of antioxidant and photoprotective properties. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(6), 1156-1161.

- El Bour, T., et al. (2020). Cystoseira amentacea sulfated polysaccharides: The potential of a marine plant as a cosmetic ingredient for skin whitening. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 156, 1234-1243.

Algin

Other name: Hydrolyzed Algin; Sodium Alginate

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition Algin:

Algin is a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, specifically from the cell walls of brown algae. It is commonly used in the cosmetics industry for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties.

2. Use:

Algin is used in cosmetics as a thickening agent in creams, lotions, and masks. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in products, making them easier to apply and spread on the skin. Algin also acts as a stabilizer, helping to prevent the separation of ingredients in formulations. Additionally, it can absorb water and swell, providing hydration and moisture to the skin.

3. Usage Algin:

When using cosmetics containing algin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application. It is generally safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to seaweed should perform a patch test before using products with algin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Draget, K. I., & Taylor, C. (2011). Chemical, physical and biological properties of alginates and their biomedical implications. Food Hydrocolloids, 25(2), 251-256.

- Kadam, D. M., & Bhagwat, S. S. (2013). Alginates: A review on biology, structure and functions. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 4(4), 26-33.

- Ngo, D. H., Kim, S. K., & Vo, T. S. (2012). Marine algae as a potential pharmaceutical source for anti-allergic therapeutics. Process Biochemistry, 47(3), 386-394.

Carrageenan

Other name: Carrageenins; Carrageenans; Chondrus Crispus; Irish Moss; Carrageenan Gum; Carrageen moss

Function:

1. Definition Carrageenan:

Carrageenan is a natural ingredient derived from red seaweed, specifically from the Chondrus crispus species. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Carrageenan is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as lotions, creams, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, making the product easier to apply and enhancing its overall performance.

3. Usage Carrageenan:

Carrageenan is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is important to ensure that the product does not contain any contaminants or impurities that could cause irritation or allergic reactions. Individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with carrageenan to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Cox, S., Abu-Ghannam, N., & Gupta, S. (2010). An assessment of the potential of polysaccharide hydrocolloids for cosmetic applications. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 32(5), 369-387.

- Pereira, L., Amado, A. M., Critchley, A. T., & van de Velde, F. (2009). Polysaccharides from seaweeds. In D. A. Thomas (Ed.), Seaweed in health and disease prevention (pp. 203-225). Academic Press.

- Ngo, D. H., Kim, S. K. (2013). Sulfated polysaccharides as bioactive agents from marine algae. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 62, 70-75.

Coco Glucoside

Function: Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming

1. Definition Coco Glucoside:

Coco Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut oil and glucose. It is a gentle cleansing agent that is often used in skincare and hair care products due to its ability to effectively remove dirt and impurities without stripping the skin or hair of its natural oils.

2. Use:

Coco Glucoside is commonly used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, shampoos, body washes, and baby products. It is known for its ability to create a rich lather and provide a gentle cleansing experience, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Coco Glucoside:

When using products containing Coco Glucoside, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use on all skin types, including sensitive skin. However, as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid contact with the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if contact occurs.

4. References:

- "Coco Glucoside." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/coco-glucoside/.

- "Coco Glucoside." Skin Deep Cosmetics Database, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702450-COCO-GLUCOSIDE/.

- "Coco Glucoside: A Gentle Cleansing Agent for Skin and Hair." Formulator Sample Shop, www.formulatorsampleshop.com/Coco-Glucoside-p/coco-glucoside.htm.

Xanthan Gum

Other name: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

Soy Amino Acids

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Soy Amino Acids:

Soy Amino Acids are organic compounds derived from soybeans that contain essential amino acids necessary for healthy skin function. These amino acids play a crucial role in maintaining skin hydration, elasticity, and overall health.

2. Use:

Soy Amino Acids are commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for their ability to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote collagen production. They are also known for their moisturizing properties, making them suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and dry skin.

3. Usage Soy Amino Acids:

Soy Amino Acids can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. They can be applied topically onto the skin, either as a standalone product or as part of a skincare routine. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and dosage to avoid any potential adverse effects.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Lee, J., & Kim, Y. (2018). Soybean-derived bioactive peptides and their functions: A review. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 53(3), 799-812.

- Chiu, A., Kimball, A. B., & Kimball, A. B. (2003). Topical vitamins, minerals and botanical ingredients as modulators of environmental and chronological skin damage. British Journal of Dermatology, 149(4), 681-691.

- Park, S. Y., & Kim, D. S. (2018). A review of anti-aging properties of soy isoflavones in skin. Food Science and Biotechnology, 27(4), 965-974.

Wheat Amino Acids

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Soothing

1. Definition Wheat Amino Acids:

Wheat Amino Acids are natural proteins derived from wheat that are commonly used in cosmetics for their moisturizing and conditioning properties. These amino acids are essential building blocks for healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Wheat Amino Acids are often included in cosmetic formulations such as shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and creams to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin and hair. They work by hydrating and nourishing the skin, promoting elasticity, and strengthening hair strands.

3. Usage Wheat Amino Acids:

Wheat Amino Acids can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, and they are typically safe for use on all skin types. However, individuals with wheat allergies should exercise caution when using products containing Wheat Amino Acids to avoid potential allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). (2012). Final report on the safety assessment of wheat amino acids. International Journal of Toxicology, 31(5), 147S-159S.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: Principles and practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.

Citric Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

See more: Citric Acid

Potassium Sorbate

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.

2. Use:

Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.

3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.

4. References:

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.

Chitosan

Function: Film Forming, Hair Fixing

1. Definition Chitosan:

Chitosan is a natural polymer derived from chitin, which is found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans such as shrimp, crabs, and lobsters. It is known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, making it a popular ingredient in various cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Chitosan is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to improve skin hydration, reduce inflammation, and promote wound healing. It has been shown to have antioxidant properties, helping to protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. Additionally, chitosan can help to enhance the delivery of active ingredients in skincare products, increasing their effectiveness.

3. Usage Chitosan:

When using cosmetic products containing chitosan, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies to shellfish, as chitosan is derived from crustacean shells. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with chitosan to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for the proper application and frequency of use of chitosan-containing products.

4. References:

- Pillai CKS, Paul W, Sharma CP. Chitin and chitosan polymers: Chemistry, solubility and fiber formation. Prog Polym Sci. 2009;34(7):641-678. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.04.001

- Rinaudo M. Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci. 2006;31(7):603-632. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.06.001

- Mourya VK, Inamdar NN, Choudhari YM. Chitooligosaccharides: Synthesis, characterization and applications. Polym Sci Ser A. 2011;53(8):583-612. doi:10.1134/S0965545X11080075

Arginine HCl

Other name: Arginine hydrochloride

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Arginine HCl:

Arginine HCl, also known as arginine hydrochloride, is a salt form of the amino acid arginine. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin hydration, improve circulation, and enhance the skin's overall appearance.

2. Use:

Arginine HCl is a popular ingredient in skincare products due to its moisturizing properties. It helps to attract water to the skin, making it an effective humectant. Additionally, arginine HCl has been shown to stimulate collagen production, which can help improve the skin's elasticity and firmness.

3. Usage Arginine HCl:

Arginine HCl is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging creams. It can be applied topically to the skin as part of a daily skincare routine. When using products containing arginine HCl, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid using it on broken or irritated skin. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me. Beginning Press.

- American Academy of Dermatology. (2020). Cosmeceutical Ingredients. Retrieved from https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-basics/cosmeceutical-ingredients

- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. (2010). Amino acids and their significance in the skin. Wiley Online Library.

Serine

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Serine:

Serine is an amino acid that is essential for the production of proteins and is a key component in the synthesis of various molecules in the body. In cosmetics, serine is often used for its moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Serine is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions due to its ability to help maintain skin hydration and improve skin texture. It is also known for its soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Serine:

When using products containing serine, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Serine is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is always a good idea to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergic reactions. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional if you have any concerns about using products with serine.

4. References:

- Y. Katsuta, M. Iida, K. Hotta, S. Tsuboi, Y. Ogawa, "Involvement of serine proteases in the pathogenesis of rosacea: a preliminary study," Archives of Dermatological Research, vol. 300, no. 3, pp. 153-157, 2008.

- N. K. Jain, A. Roy, "Serine protease inhibitors in skin disorders," European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2000.

- S. P. Han, J. Y. Lee, H. S. Kim, "Effects of serine on skin barrier function and inflammation in atopic dermatitis," Journal of Dermatology, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 123-131, 2015.

Sodium Chloride

Other name: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum

Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Sodium Chloride:

Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.

2. Use:

Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.

3. Usage Sodium Chloride:

When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.

- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.

Threonine

Function: Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Waving Or Straightening

1. Definition Threonine:

Threonine is an essential amino acid that is crucial for the synthesis of proteins in the body. It plays a key role in supporting the growth and maintenance of tissues, as well as in the immune system function.

2. Use:

Threonine is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to improve skin hydration and elasticity. It is known for its moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. Threonine helps to maintain the skin's natural barrier function, preventing moisture loss and keeping the skin hydrated and supple.

3. Usage Threonine:

Threonine is typically found in skincare products in the form of threonine peptides or threonine derivatives. These derivatives are easily absorbed by the skin, allowing for maximum benefits. When using products containing threonine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application to achieve optimal results. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Choi, S. Y., Kim, H. J., Ko, H. C., & Park, J. G. (2015). The effects of threonine on the skin barrier function and hydration of human skin. Journal of cosmetic science, 66(6), 417-423.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, S. R., Kim, M. K., Lee, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2018). Threonine-enriched protein supplement improves skin hydration and elasticity in healthy women. Journal of dermatological science, 91(3), 332-335.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. Y., & Kim, H. J. (2017). Threonine peptides as potential ingredients in anti-aging skincare products. International journal of cosmetic science, 39(3), 278-283.

Alcohol

Other name: Ethanol; Grain Alcohol; Ethyl Alcohol

Function: Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent

1. Definition Alcohol:

Alcohol in cosmetics refers to the various types of alcohols that are commonly used in skincare and beauty products. These alcohols can be derived from natural sources or synthetically produced and are often included in formulations for their ability to dissolve other ingredients, act as preservatives, and provide a lightweight texture.

2. Use:

Alcohol in cosmetics is commonly used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients in a formulation, such as essential oils, fragrances, and active ingredients. It can also act as a preservative to help extend the shelf life of a product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, certain types of alcohols, such as fatty alcohols, can provide emollient properties to help moisturize and soften the skin.

3. Usage Alcohol:

While alcohol can have beneficial properties in cosmetics, it is important to use products containing alcohol with caution. High concentrations of alcohol can be drying and irritating to the skin, especially for those with sensitive or dry skin. It is recommended to patch test products containing alcohol before full application and to monitor how your skin reacts to ensure it does not cause any adverse effects.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Professional.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2005). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract:

Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of the Moringa tree, also known as the "Miracle Tree." This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular choice in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its numerous benefits for the skin and hair. It has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and nourish the skin, leaving it soft and supple. The extract also has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, making it effective in reducing redness, inflammation, and signs of aging such as wrinkles and fine lines. In haircare products, Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract can help to strengthen and nourish the hair, promoting healthier and more lustrous locks.

3. Usage Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract:

When using products containing Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. As with any skincare or haircare product, it is best to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse effects occur.

4. References:

- Jaiswal, D., Rai, P. K., Kumar, A., Mehta, S., Watal, G. (2009). Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves aqueous extract therapy on hyperglycemic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123(3), 392-396.

- Anwar, F., Latif, S., Ashraf, M., Gilani, A. H. (2007). Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytotherapy Research, 21(1), 17-25.

- Siddhuraju, P., Becker, K. (2003). Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agroclimatic origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(8), 2144-2155.

Disodium Phosphate

Function: Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Anticorrosive

1. Definition Disodium Phosphate:

Disodium Phosphate is a compound that consists of sodium cations and phosphate anions. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a buffering agent, pH adjuster, and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Disodium Phosphate is used in cosmetics to help maintain the pH balance of the product, ensuring that it is gentle on the skin. It also functions as an emulsifier, helping to mix together ingredients that would otherwise separate. Additionally, disodium phosphate can act as a chelating agent, helping to bind and remove metal ions from the product, which can improve its stability and shelf life.

3. Usage Disodium Phosphate:

When using cosmetics containing Disodium Phosphate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes when using products containing Disodium Phosphate.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Disodium Phosphate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. International Journal of Toxicology, 2013.

- "Disodium Phosphate in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council. Accessed at www.personalcarecouncil.org.

- "Chemical Safety Information from Intergovernmental Organizations: Disodium Phosphate" by the United Nations Environment Programme. Accessed at www.chem.unep.ch.

Benzyl Alcohol

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic

1. Definition Benzyl Alcohol:

Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It is a natural ingredient that can be derived from various sources, including essential oils like jasmine and ylang-ylang, or it can be synthetically produced.

2. Use:

Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is also used as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent in various skincare, haircare, and personal care products.

3. Usage Benzyl Alcohol:

When using Benzyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended usage levels to ensure product safety and efficacy. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has deemed Benzyl Alcohol safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 1%, with some exceptions. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Alcohol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-23.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzyl-alcohol

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 244, Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-alcohol