The Saem Derma Plan Green Fresh Toner

The Saem

INGREDIENTS

Water

Butylene Glycol

Propanediol

1,2-Hexanediol

Spiraea Ulmaria Extract

Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Flower Extract

Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract

Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract

Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract

Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract

Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract

Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Peel Extract

Mentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract

Betula Alba Juice

Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Fruit Extract

Xylitol

Glycereth 25 Pca Isostearate

Hyaluronic Acid

Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid

Sodium Hyaluronate

Disodium Edta

Ethylhexylglycerin

PRODUCT OVERVIEW

Quick product notes

(Click on icon for more information)

Quick product notes serve as a convenient method to determine if a product aligns with the preferences of skincare enthusiasts by being free from commonly avoided ingredients. These preferences arise due to various factors, including personal experiences, sensitivities, health considerations, and more.

Paraben free

Sulfate free

Alcohol free

Silicone free

Fungal Acne Safe

EU Allergent Free

Key Ingredients

Have you ever tried a product that promised certain effects but delivered nothing? It might have lacked key ingredients necessary for those promised results. Despite marketing claims, if a product lacks beneficial components, its efficacy is questionable.

We help you identify key ingredients known for effects such as acne-fighting, brightening, UV protection, and anti-aging, assisting you in making smarter skincare choices. Keep in mind that the effectiveness of key ingredients can vary; while some are well-proven, others have mixed research behind them.

Promotes Wound Healing from (3) Ingredient:

Sodium Hyaluronate Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid Hyaluronic Acid

Ingredients Related to Skin Types

Click the arrows next to Skin Type! Green = Good & Red = Bad

Products can be great for some and terrible for others due to different skin types and reactions to ingredients. We've identified ingredients suitable for dry, oily, and sensitive skin types.

Dry skin

Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Flower Extract

Low Risk

Sodium Hyaluronate

Low Risk

Butylene Glycol

Low Risk

Oily Skin

None

Sensitive skin

None

Oil skin

None

Ingredient Safety Breakdown (EWG Health Ratings)

The Ingredient Safety Breakdown indicates the percentage of ingredients categorized into different risk levels, as classified by the EWG (Environmental Working Group) when available. With numerous cosmetic ingredients in existence, the EWG is one of the few organizations globally that assigns ratings to many commonly used ingredients, making it a valuable reference point.

Low risk

Moderate risk

High risk

Unknown

95%

INGREDIENT LIST

(Display the first 5 ingredients from a list of 22 ingredient)

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
2		Propanediol (Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
1	A	1,2-Hexanediol (Solvent)
1		Spiraea Ulmaria Extract (Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Astringent)
1		Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Flower Extract (Cosmetic Astringent)	Good for dry skin
1		Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1 2		Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract (Tonic)
1		Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract (Skin Conditioning, Soothing)
1 4	B	Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Peel Extract
1		Mentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract (Tonic)
1		Betula Alba Juice (Tonic, Astringent)
1		Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Fruit Extract
1		Xylitol (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent)
1		Glycereth 25 Pca Isostearate (Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Hyaluronic Acid (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Moisturising)	Promotes Wound Healing
1		Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)	Promotes Wound Healing
1	A	Sodium Hyaluronate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
1	A	Disodium Edta (Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
2	A	Ethylhexylglycerin (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning)

INGREDIENTS EXPLAINED The Saem Derma Plan Green Fresh Toner

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Propanediol

Other name: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol

Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Propanediol:

Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.

2. Use:

Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Propanediol:

Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.

- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.

- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.

1,2-Hexanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

Spiraea Ulmaria Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Astringent

1. Definition Spiraea Ulmaria Extract:

Spiraea Ulmaria Extract, also known as meadowsweet extract, is derived from the flowers of the meadowsweet plant. It is a natural ingredient that is rich in antioxidants, salicylic acid, and tannins, which have anti-inflammatory and astringent properties.

2. Use:

Spiraea Ulmaria Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming effects on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, its astringent properties help to tighten pores and improve the overall texture of the skin.

3. Usage Spiraea Ulmaria Extract:

Spiraea Ulmaria Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it can be potent and may cause irritation if used in high amounts. It is best to patch test products containing Spiraea Ulmaria Extract before applying them to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Balakrishnan, B. R., & Pandian, N. G. (2012). Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of Spiraea ulmaria L. as a potential source of anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 5(1), 103-106.

- Sprogoe, K., & Hansen, S. H. (2015). Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) as a source of salicylic acid in the biosphere. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(4), 555-567.

- Karaman, S., et al. (2018). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Spiraea ulmaria L. extracts. Natural Product Research, 32(8), 943-946.

Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Flower Extract

Function: Cosmetic Astringent

1. Definition Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Flower Extract:

Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Flower Extract is a botanical extract derived from the evening primrose plant. It is known for its rich content of essential fatty acids, including gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which have moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Evening Primrose Flower Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its nourishing and hydrating benefits. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and creams targeting dry or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Flower Extract:

Evening Primrose Flower Extract can be used in various skincare formulations at a recommended concentration of 1-5%. It is typically added during the formulation process and can be combined with other botanical extracts or active ingredients for enhanced benefits. It is important to patch test products containing this extract before regular use to check for any potential sensitivities or allergies.

4. References:

- Lee, J., Jung, E., Lee, J., Huh, S., Kim, Y. S., & Kim, Y. W. (2014). Oenothera laciniata inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(2), 971-979.

- Ruan, J., Jin, J., & Li, J. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effect of Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose) oil in collagen-induced arthritis. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 62(3), 78-84.

- Senapati, S., & Dey, S. (2017). In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose) oil. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(2), 222-225.

Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract:

Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract is derived from the root of the Pueraria Thunbergiana plant, also known as kudzu. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, this extract has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, making it beneficial for calming irritated skin and reducing redness.

3. Usage Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract:

Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the face to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is best to store products containing Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its efficacy.

4. References:

- Lee, S. J., Lee, J. H., Lee, J. H., & Lim, K. T. (2017). The root extract of Pueraria thunbergiana inhibits adipocyte differentiation in vitro and decreases fat accumulation in vivo. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 39(1), 109-118.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, E. Y., Kim, Y. M., & Kim, J. H. (2016). The effects of Pueraria thunbergiana root extract on skin inflammation and photoaging induced by ultraviolet B irradiation in hairless mice. Journal of Dermatological Science, 84(3), e74.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, E. Y., Park, S. Y., & Kim, Y. M. (2014). Pueraria thunbergiana root extract suppresses the activation of the mTOR pathway in keratinocytes and reduces the severity of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced skin inflammation. Experimental Dermatology, 23(10), 769-771.

Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract:

Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract is an extract derived from the root of the Ulmus Davidiana tree, also known as the David Elm. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and skin-brightening agents, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its various skin benefits. It is known to help reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and protect against environmental stressors. Additionally, this extract can help improve skin tone and texture, resulting in a more radiant and youthful complexion.

3. Usage Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract:

Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing this extract as directed by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using it on the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Lee, Y. H., Kim, J. H., Song, M. Y., & Park, S. Y. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. Journal of Life Science, 25(2), 177-183.

- Kim, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, O. Y., & Lee, J. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Life Science, 26(8), 904-911.

- Park, S. Y., Lee, Y. H., Kim, J. H., & Song, M. Y. (2017). Skin-brightening effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica extract in human skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 185-192.

Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract

Function: Tonic

1. Definition Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract:

Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract is an ingredient derived from the longleaf pine tree, also known as the southern yellow pine. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.

2. Use:

Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract:

Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply a small amount of product containing Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Lee, H. S., Kim, M. R., Park, Y. H., & Park, E. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effect of Pinus densiflora bark extract in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143(1), 151-157.

- Kim, Y. J., Uyama, H., & Kobayashi, S. (2005). Inhibition of melanin synthesis by pine (Pinus densiflora) extract. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 69(1), 93-99.

- Park, J. H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, Y. S. (2012). Protective effects of pine needle extract against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(6), 2023-2028.

Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract:

Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the papaya fruit. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and enzymes that have antioxidant and exfoliating properties.

2. Use:

Papaya Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and exfoliating properties. It helps to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve skin texture. Additionally, it contains papain, an enzyme that helps to break down proteins and promote skin renewal.

3. Usage Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract:

Papaya Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as cleansers, masks, serums, and lotions. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Papaya Fruit Extract to check for any allergic reactions. It is also important to use sunscreen when using products with this ingredient, as it can increase sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Prasad, S., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2012). Papaya: A potential fruit for anti-cancer therapy. Cancer Letters, 323(2), 129-143.

- Sarin, R., & Gupta, D. (2013). Papaya: A gift of nature. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 3(3), 276-280.

- Otsuka, Y., & Hotta, M. (2016). Skin-lightening effect of papaya fruit extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Dermatological Science, 84(1), e47.

Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Soothing

1. Definition Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract:

Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract, also known as Lemongrass Extract, is derived from the leaves of the Cymbopogon Schoenanthus plant. It is known for its refreshing citrus scent and various skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to cleanse and tone the skin, reduce excess oil production, and minimize pores. Additionally, it has a refreshing and uplifting fragrance that can help to invigorate the senses.

3. Usage Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract:

Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as cleansers, toners, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide its beneficial properties without causing irritation. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any skincare ingredient, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.

4. References:

- Choi, H. S., Song, H. S., Ukeda, H., & Sawamura, M. (2000). Radical-scavenging activities of citrus essential oils and their components: detection using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(9), 4156-4161.

- Sowndhararajan, K., Kim, S., & Kim, E. (2016). Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as a potent anti-inflammatory and antifungal drugs. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 20(4), 337-345.

- Prashar, A., Locke, I. C., & Evans, C. S. (2004). Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells. Cell Proliferation, 37(6), 221-229.

Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Peel Extract

Function:

1. Definition Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Peel Extract:

Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Peel Extract is derived from the peel of the lime fruit, known for its high content of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening, clarifying, and rejuvenating properties.

2. Use:

Lime peel extract is often included in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and masks due to its astringent and antibacterial properties. It helps to unclog pores, reduce excess oil production, and improve the overall appearance of the skin. Additionally, lime peel extract is known for its refreshing and uplifting scent, making it a popular ingredient in aromatherapy products.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Peel Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Peel Extract, it is important to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying it to the face or body. This can help to determine if any allergic reactions or sensitivities may occur. It is also recommended to follow the product instructions carefully and avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight after application, as lime peel extract may increase sensitivity to UV rays.

4. References:

- Garg, S., & Gupta, S. (2014). Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Citrus aurantifolia. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 6(2), 91-96.

- Thring, T. S., Hili, P., & Naughton, D. P. (2011). Antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and formulations of white tea, rose, and witch hazel on primary human dermal fibroblast cells. Journal of Inflammation, 8(1), 27.

- Chua, L. S., & Abdul-Rahman, P. S. (2011). Antioxidant activity of three edible seaweeds from two areas in South East Asia. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 44(5), 1083-1088.

Mentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract

Function: Tonic

1. Definition Mentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract:

Mentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract is an extract derived from the leaves of the Mentha Rotundifolia plant, also known as round-leaved mint. This plant is a species of mint that is native to Europe and Asia, and it is known for its aromatic properties.

2. Use:

Mentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and cooling properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and balms to help calm and refresh the skin. The extract is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to combat inflammation and protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Mentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract:

Mentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including facial cleansers, toners, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide its beneficial properties without causing irritation. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Mentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- S. Kaur, R. Sharma, and S. K. Sharma. (2018). "Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Mentha Rotundifolia L. - A Review." Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(1), 122-126.

- S. M. Lee, S. H. Kim, and J. H. Lee. (2016). "Anti-inflammatory Activity of Mentha Rotundifolia L. Essential Oil." Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 48(2), 169-174.

- M. A. Khan, A. Khan, and M. A. Khan. (2015). "Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Mentha Rotundifolia L. Extract." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(6), 66-70.

Betula Alba Juice

Function: Tonic, Astringent

1. Definition Betula Alba Juice:

Betula Alba Juice, also known as birch juice, is a natural extract obtained from the sap of the Betula Alba tree. This tree is native to Europe and parts of Asia and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its various health benefits.

2. Use:

Betula Alba Juice is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that help to nourish and protect the skin. The juice is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Betula Alba Juice:

When using cosmetics containing Betula Alba Juice, it is important to follow the product instructions carefully. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. Avoid contact with the eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs. It is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Choi, H. S., Kim, S. L., Kim, J. H., & Jeong, S. I. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Betula platyphylla var. japonica juice in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 48(6), 611-618.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, S. L., Choi, H. S., & Jeong, S. I. (2019). Protective effects of Betula platyphylla var. japonica juice on UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 48(5), 426-433.

- Lee, J. S., Kim, S. L., Kim, J. H., & Jeong, S. I. (2020). Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of Betula platyphylla var. japonica juice in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 49(2), 161-168.

Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Fruit Extract

Function:

1. Definition Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Fruit Extract:

Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the pumpkin plant. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that offer numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Pumpkin fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, pumpkin extract is known for its soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Fruit Extract:

Pumpkin fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and exfoliants. It is often used in formulations targeting dry or aging skin, as well as products designed to brighten and rejuvenate the complexion. When using products containing pumpkin extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid potential skin irritation.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, D., Park, S., Kim, J., Kim, J., Lee, C., Lee, J. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of pumpkin seed oil in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Food Science and Biotechnology, 27(1), 229-235.

- Hwang, E., Lee, D., Park, S., Oh, M., Kim, S., Han, S., Kim, S., Lee, J. (2014). Cucurbita moschata Duchesne extract protects skin from UVB-induced oxidative stress. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 131, 90-96.

- Kwon, Y., Vaidya, B., Kim, J., Kim, D., Kim, J., Lee, J. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne extract in RAW 264.7 cells. Food Science and Biotechnology, 28(3), 835-841.

Xylitol

Other name: D-Xylitol

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent

1. Definition Xylitol:

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sweetener in food products. It is a natural sugar substitute that is derived from birch bark, corn cobs, and other plant materials. Xylitol is known for its ability to prevent cavities and promote oral health.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, xylitol is used for its hydrating and moisturizing properties. It is often found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. Xylitol helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it an effective ingredient for dry and dehydrated skin types. Additionally, xylitol has soothing properties that can help to calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Xylitol:

When using cosmetics containing xylitol, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Xylitol is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is always a good idea to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. Some individuals may be sensitive to xylitol, so it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or allergic reactions occur.

4. References:

- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. N., Kim, K., & Kim, D. S. (2018). Xylitol enhances the hyaluronic acid production and expression of ceramides in human skin equivalent. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 26(4), 377-382.

- Suresh, S., & Pradeep, S. (2014). Xylitol in preventing dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine, 5(1), 15-25.

- Lee, J. H., Park, Y. D., Jeong, S. H., & Do, J. H. (2017). Xylitol inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression induced by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Clinical Oral Investigations, 21(8), 2443-2450.

Glycereth 25 Pca Isostearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying

1. Definition Glycereth 25 Pca Isostearate:

Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate is a cosmetic ingredient derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is commonly used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent in skincare products.

2. Use:

Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate is known for its ability to hydrate and moisturize the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. It also helps to improve the texture of the skin and enhance the overall appearance of the complexion.

3. Usage Glycereth 25 Pca Isostearate:

Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate is typically found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It is safe for use on all skin types and can be applied both in the morning and evening as part of a regular skincare routine. It is recommended to apply a small amount of product to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always advisable to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glycereth-25-pca-isostearate

- The Derm Review. (n.d.). Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/glycereth-25-pca-isostearate/

- Truth In Aging. (n.d.). Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate. Retrieved from https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glycereth-25-pca-isostearate

Hyaluronic Acid

Other name: Hyaluronate; Hyaluronic Acid; Biohyaluronic acid

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Moisturising

1. Definition Hyaluronic Acid:

Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the human body that helps to retain moisture and keep skin hydrated. In cosmetics, it is used as a key ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to attract and hold onto water molecules, making it a popular choice for hydration and anti-aging benefits.

2. Use:

Hyaluronic acid is commonly found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products to help plump and hydrate the skin. It is known for its ability to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother, more youthful complexion. Additionally, hyaluronic acid can help to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Hyaluronic Acid:

When using skincare products containing hyaluronic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, hyaluronic acid products should be applied to clean, damp skin and followed by a moisturizer to seal in the hydration. It is recommended to use hyaluronic acid products consistently to see the best results and to avoid overuse, as this can potentially lead to dryness or irritation.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

See more: Unlocking the Secrets: Hyaluronic Acid in Skincare

Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:

Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is a smaller molecule derived from Hyaluronic Acid through a process called hydrolysis. It is known for its ability to deeply hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity and firmness.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is commonly used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its hydrating properties and ability to plump up the skin, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid regularly to maintain hydrated and youthful-looking skin.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, Eleni, Michael Roth, and George Karakiulakis. "Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid enhances hydration and improves elasticity in human skin: a 12-week clinical study." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 8 (2015): 267.

- Pavicic, Tatjana, et al. "Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment." Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 10.9 (2011): 990-1000.

- Schlesinger, Tova E., and Zoe Diana Draelos. "Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid: A Natural Biomimetic Polysaccharide." Dermatologic Surgery 44.8 (2018): 1088-1092.

Sodium Hyaluronate

Other name: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

Disodium Edta

Other name: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na

Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

Ethylhexylglycerin

Other name: Octoxyglycerin

Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.