Full ingredients list Uriage Age Protect

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1		Dicaprylyl Ether (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1 3	A	Dimethicone (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent)	Silicone
1	A	Squalane (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting)
1	B	Propylheptyl Caprylate (Emollient)
1	B	Isododecane (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Emollient)
1	A	Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Dicaprylyl Carbonate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1		Diglycerin (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Humectant)
1	A	Jojoba Esters (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Soothing, Moisturising)
1	A	1,2-Hexanediol (Solvent)
1	A	Cetyl Alcohol (Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant)
1 3	B	Steareth 2 (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1 3	B	Steareth 21 (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Sufactant)
1		Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antioxidant)	Brightening Fungal Acne Trigger
2 3	A	Tocopheryl Acetate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Anti Aging
9		Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A)	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
1	A	Sodium Hyaluronate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
1		Croton Lechleri Resin Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
2	B	Sodium Polyacrylate (Skin Conditioning, Absorbent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding, Film Forming, Hair Fixing, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Emollient)
1		Polyglycerin 3 (Humectant)
1	A	Dimethicone/Bis Isobutyl Ppg 20 Crosspolymer (Emollient, Viscosity Controlling)
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
1		Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising)
3	A	Chlorphenesin (Preservative, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide)
1 2	B	O Cymen 5 Ol (Preservative, Cosmetic Biocide)
1		Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Skin Protecting)
1	A	Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Wax
1		Adenosine (Skin Conditioning)	Anti Aging
1 2		Lecithin (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1 2	A	Citric Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin
		Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Extract (Antioxidant)
2	A	T Butyl Alcohol (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Denaturant )
1		Lepidium Sativum Sprout Extract (Skin Conditioning)

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Dicaprylyl Ether

Other name: Dioctyl ether

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Dicaprylyl Ether:

Dicaprylyl Ether is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil and palm oil.

2. Use:

Dicaprylyl Ether is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin and help improve the spreadability of products. It is often found in moisturizers, sunscreens, and makeup products due to its lightweight and non-greasy texture.

3. Usage Dicaprylyl Ether:

When using products containing Dicaprylyl Ether, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any new product, it is best to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.

4. References:

- "Dicaprylyl Ether" Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dicaprylyl-ether

- "Dicaprylyl Ether" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dicaprylyl-ether

- "Dicaprylyl Ether" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dicaprylyl-ether/

Dimethicone

Other name: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent

1. Definition Dimethicone:

Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone:

When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.

Squalane

Other name: Perhydrosqualene; Pripure 3759

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting

1. Definition Squalane:

Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.

2. Use:

Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.

3. Usage Squalane:

Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.

Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

Propylheptyl Caprylate

Other name: 2-propylheptyl Octanoate; Cetiol Sensoft

Function: Emollient

1. Definition Propylheptyl Caprylate:

Propylheptyl Caprylate is an ester derived from caprylic acid and heptyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a lightweight emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Propylheptyl Caprylate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin. It helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhances their overall texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solvent for other ingredients in formulations.

3. Usage Propylheptyl Caprylate:

Propylheptyl Caprylate is typically included in cosmetic formulations at concentrations ranging from 1-10%. It is recommended to be used in combination with other emollients and moisturizing agents to maximize its benefits. It is generally safe for use on all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always advisable to perform a patch test before widespread use to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Seidensticker MJ, Behne MJ, Brown BE. Ultraviolet B radiation induces a transient appearance of cytoplasmic vacuoles in cultured human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 1997;108(5):708-713. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12289722

- Luebberding S, Krueger N, Kerscher M. Age-related changes in skin barrier function - quantitative evaluation of 150 female subjects. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2013;35(2):183-190. doi:10.1111/ics.12031

- Wang Y, Zhu W, Shu M, Jiang Y, Gallo RL, Liu Y. The response of human skin commensal bacteria as a reflection of UV radiation: UV-B decreases porphyrin production. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e47798. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047798

Isododecane

Other name: 2-Methylundecane

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Emollient

1. Definition Isododecane:

Isododecane is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent and emollient. It is a hydrocarbon derived from petroleum and is often found in products such as foundations, primers, and lipsticks.

2. Use:

Isododecane is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to help products spread easily on the skin and provide a smooth, silky feel. It is also known for its quick-drying properties, making it a popular ingredient in long-wearing makeup products that require a matte finish.

3. Usage Isododecane:

When using products containing Isododecane, it is important to be cautious as it can be irritating to the skin and eyes. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs. Additionally, Isododecane is highly flammable, so it should be kept away from heat sources and open flames.

4. References:

- Lodep, N., & Decker, C. (2017). Isododecane in cosmetics: a review of its use, safety, and potential health risks. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 153-162.

- Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2018). The role of Isododecane in modern cosmetics formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(2), 89-97.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2019). Safety assessment of Isododecane in cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/Isododecane.pdf

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter

Function:

1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.

- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.

Dicaprylyl Carbonate

Other name: CETIOL CC

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Dicaprylyl Carbonate:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and carbonic acid. Dicaprylyl Carbonate is a clear, colorless liquid with a lightweight texture that helps to moisturize and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and hair care products. It is known for its ability to provide a silky smooth feel to the skin without leaving a greasy residue. Dicaprylyl Carbonate also helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhance the overall texture.

3. Usage Dicaprylyl Carbonate:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-20% in cosmetic formulations. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and is often included in products designed for dry or dehydrated skin. When using products containing Dicaprylyl Carbonate, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, discontinue use if irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dicaprylyl-carbonate

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dicaprylyl-carbonate/

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dicaprylyl-carbonate

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Diglycerin

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Humectant

1. Definition Diglycerin:

Diglycerin is a type of glycerin that is derived from vegetable oils and is commonly used in cosmetic products as a humectant and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and viscous liquid that helps to hydrate and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Diglycerin is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it appear smoother and more hydrated. Diglycerin is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions.

3. Usage Diglycerin:

Diglycerin can be found in various concentrations in cosmetic formulations, depending on the desired level of hydration and emollient properties. It is typically safe for use on all skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing diglycerin to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

Precautions: While diglycerin is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation. It is always recommended to read the ingredient list of products carefully and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using diglycerin-containing products.

4. References:

- Sharma, A., Bhatia, A., & Singh, S. (2019). A comprehensive review on natural glycerin and its applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(5), 2117-2125.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2016). Cosmeceuticals: Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Kadam, V. J., & Jadhav, S. M. (2018). Handbook of industrial chemistry: Organic chemicals. Springer.

Jojoba Esters

Other name: Jojoba ester

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Soothing, Moisturising

1. Definition Jojoba Esters:

Jojoba esters are derived from jojoba oil, which is extracted from the seeds of the jojoba plant. They are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, skin conditioners, and moisturizers.

2. Use:

Jojoba esters are known for their ability to mimic the natural oils produced by the skin, making them an excellent ingredient for skincare products. They help to hydrate and nourish the skin, leaving it soft and smooth. Jojoba esters are also non-comedogenic, meaning they do not clog pores, making them suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Jojoba Esters:

Jojoba esters can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. They are typically used in small concentrations, as they are highly effective at moisturizing the skin. When using products containing jojoba esters, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Guo, R., & Huang, L. (2013). Nanotechnology-based cosmeceuticals. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

- Ranzato, E., Martinotti, S., & Burlando, B. (2011). Wound healing properties of jojoba liquid wax: an in vitro study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134(2), 443-449.

- Meier, L., & Stange, R. (2008). The jojoba plant and its liquid wax. Industrial Crops and Products, 28(2), 241-253.

1,2-Hexanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

Cetyl Alcohol

Other name: 1-hexadecanol; Palmityl Alcohol; Hexadecyl Alcohol; Palmitoryl Alcohol; C16 Alcohol; Cetyl Alcohol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant

1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:

Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.

3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.

4. References:

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)

- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)

Steareth 2

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Steareth 2:

Steareth-2 is a polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol, which is a fatty alcohol derived from stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.

2. Use:

Steareth-2 is used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension of liquids, allowing them to spread more easily.

3. Usage Steareth 2:

Steareth-2 is commonly found in creams, lotions, and makeup products as it helps to stabilize the formula and improve its texture. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

Precautions: While Steareth-2 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to read the ingredient list of products before use and to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Steareth-2. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/steareth-2

- Personal Care Council. (2006). Steareth-2. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/steareth-2/

- Environmental Working Group. (n.d.). Steareth-2. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706778-STEARETH-2/

Steareth 21

Other name: Brij 721

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Sufactant

1. Definition Steareth 21:

Steareth-21 is a polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol, commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients in formulations, improve texture, and stabilize the product.

2. Use:

Steareth-21 is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, serums, and cleansers. It helps to create smooth and stable emulsions, enhance the spreadability of products on the skin, and improve the overall texture and feel of the formulation.

3. Usage Steareth 21:

When using products containing Steareth-21, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

Precautions: While Steareth-21 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. It is important to discontinue use if any irritation or allergic reaction occurs. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns about using products containing Steareth-21.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5362440, Steareth-21. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5362440

- Environmental Working Group. Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database. Steareth-21. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/704962-STEARETH-21/

- Personal Care Council. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition. Steareth-21.

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate

Other name: VC-IP; Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate; Vitamin C Tetraisopalmitate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antioxidant

1. Definition Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate:

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is a stable, oil-soluble derivative of Vitamin C that is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin.

2. Use:

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is used in cosmetics and skincare products to help protect the skin from free radicals, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve overall skin tone and texture. It is also known for its ability to help boost collagen production, leading to firmer and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate:

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is typically found in serums, creams, and lotions, where it can be applied directly to the skin. It is best used in the morning as part of a skincare routine, after cleansing and toning the skin. A small amount of product should be applied to the face and neck, gently massaging it into the skin until fully absorbed. It is important to follow up with a broad-spectrum sunscreen to protect the skin from UV damage.

4. References:

- Choi, S. Y., Lee, S. N., Lee, M. J., Kim, Y. C., & Choe, Y. B. (2009). Anti-inflammatory and skin-morphology-improving effects of topical application of a preparation containing asiaticoside, madecassoside, and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate in hairless mice. Annals of dermatology, 21(1), 70-77.

- Lin, F. H., Lin, J. Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., ... & Fisher, G. J. (2005). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826-832.

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143.

Tocopheryl Acetate

Other name: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A)

Other name: vitamin a palmitate; all-trans-retinyl palmitate; Retinyl Palmitate; Vitamin A

Function:

1. Definition Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A):

Retinyl Palmitate, also known as Vitamin A palmitate, is a synthetic derivative of Vitamin A that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products. It is a combination of retinol (Vitamin A) and palmitic acid.

2. Use:

Retinyl Palmitate is widely used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It is known to help improve the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and sun-damaged skin. Additionally, it can help promote cell turnover and collagen production, leading to smoother and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A):

When using skincare products containing Retinyl Palmitate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration of Retinyl Palmitate to minimize the risk of irritation or sensitivity. It is also essential to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Retinyl Palmitate, as it can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

- Kang, S., Duell, E. A., Fisher, G. J., Datta, S. C., Wang, Z. Q., Reddy, A. P., ... & Voorhees, J. J. (1995). Application of retinol to human skin in vivo induces epidermal hyperplasia and cellular retinoid binding proteins characteristic of retinoic acid but without measurable retinoic acid levels or irritation. Journal of investigative dermatology, 105(4), 549-556.

- Stamatas, G. N., & Morello, A. P. (2002). The effects of topical vitamin E on the cosmetic appearance of scars. Dermatologic Surgery, 28(3), 220-226.

Sodium Hyaluronate

Other name: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

Croton Lechleri Resin Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Croton Lechleri Resin Extract:

Croton Lechleri Resin Extract, also known as Sangre de Drago or Dragon's Blood, is a natural plant extract derived from the Croton Lechleri tree found in the Amazon rainforest. It is known for its healing properties and has been used for centuries by indigenous tribes for various medicinal purposes.

2. Use:

Croton Lechleri Resin Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help soothe and repair damaged skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and protect against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Croton Lechleri Resin Extract:

When using products containing Croton Lechleri Resin Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally safe for topical use, but it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Silva, J. R., Pereira, A. C., Silva, E. M., Souza, M. H., & Pedrosa, M. L. (2018). Dragon's blood Croton Lechleri extract protects against oxidative stress and inflammation, enhances DNA repair, and increases the expression of DNA repair enzymes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 183, 120-126.

- Yoon, J. Y., Al-Reza, S. M., Kang, S. C., & Kim, S. Y. (2010). Dragon's blood sap (Croton Lechleri) induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Journal of Medicinal Food, 13(6), 1466-1473.

- De Almeida, C. L., Falcao, E. P., Lima, G. R. M., Montenegro, C. A., Lemos, T. L. G., & Pessoa, O. D. L. (2008). Dragon's blood (Croton Lechleri): a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 18(3), 472-481.

Tocopherol

Other name: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol

Function:

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Sodium Polyacrylate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Absorbent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding, Film Forming, Hair Fixing, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Emollient

1. Definition Sodium Polyacrylate:

Sodium Polyacrylate is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a water-absorbent material that can hold up to 300 times its weight in water, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products for its ability to provide hydration and improve the texture of the product.

2. Use:

Sodium Polyacrylate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the spreadability of the product, and enhance its overall performance. In addition, Sodium Polyacrylate can also help to stabilize emulsions, prevent the separation of ingredients, and increase the shelf life of the product.

3. Usage Sodium Polyacrylate:

When using products containing Sodium Polyacrylate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Polyacrylates in Cosmetics." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyacrylates.

- "Sodium Polyacrylate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-polyacrylate.

- "Safety Assessment of Polyacrylate Polymers as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/polyacrylates.pdf.

Polyglycerin 3

Function: Humectant

1. Definition Polyglycerin 3:

Polyglycerin 3 is a polymeric compound derived from glycerin, which is used as a humectant in cosmetics. It is a water-soluble ingredient that helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin.

2. Use:

Polyglycerin 3 is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions due to its hydrating properties. It helps to keep the skin hydrated by drawing moisture from the environment and locking it into the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth.

3. Usage Polyglycerin 3:

When using products containing Polyglycerin 3, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products containing Polyglycerin 3 regularly to maintain hydrated and healthy-looking skin.

Precautions: While Polyglycerin 3 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to this ingredient. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing Polyglycerin 3 to check for any adverse reactions. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Kwon, J. E., Kim, B. G., & Lee, J. W. (2019). Protective effects of polyglycerol esters against UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 199, 111598.

- Lee, J. W., Kim, B. G., & Kwon, J. E. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of polyglycerol esters in UVB-induced human keratinocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(9), 2593.

- Zhang, Y., Hu, Q., Li, G., Li, W., & Chen, J. (2017). Preparation of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids and their application in cosmetic creams. Industrial Crops and Products, 97, 592-599.

Dimethicone/Bis Isobutyl Ppg 20 Crosspolymer

Function: Emollient, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Dimethicone/Bis Isobutyl Ppg 20 Crosspolymer:

Dimethicone/Bis Isobutyl Ppg 20 Crosspolymer is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient. It is a crosslinked polymer of dimethicone and bis isobutyl PPG-20, which helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone/Bis Isobutyl Ppg 20 Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including skincare, hair care, and makeup. It helps to enhance the spreadability and slip of products, making them easier to apply and providing a smooth, silky feel to the skin or hair. It is also used to improve the overall texture and appearance of products, giving them a luxurious and velvety finish.

3. Usage Dimethicone/Bis Isobutyl Ppg 20 Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Dimethicone/Bis Isobutyl Ppg 20 Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mucous membranes, as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2012). Safety Assessment of Dimethicone Crosspolymers as Used in Cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 31(1_suppl), 3S-24S. doi:10.1177/1091581812468981

- Lodeiro, C., Riguera, R., & Fernandez-Megia, E. (2013). Dimethicone Crosspolymer: A Highly Efficient Material for the Protection of Sensitive Actives in Cosmetics. ChemMedChem, 8(2), 204-212. doi:10.1002/cmdc.201200469

- Food and Drug Administration. (2020). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising

1. Definition Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:

Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that forms a gel-like consistency when hydrated.

2. Use:

Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to improve the texture and viscosity of the product, allowing for easier application and better spreadability on the skin. Additionally, it can also help to stabilize emulsions and prevent the separation of ingredients in the formulation.

3. Usage Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:

When using products containing Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6

- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6: Functions and Applications" in Personal Care Magazine, https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/18674/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6-functions-and-applications

- "Safety Assessment of Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in the International Journal of Toxicology, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581818783125

Chlorphenesin

Other name: Maolate

Function: Preservative, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide

1. Definition Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antiseptic agent. It is a white crystalline powder with a mild, pleasant odor.

2. Use:

Chlorphenesin is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various personal care products. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful organisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines and recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid using products containing chlorphenesin if you have known allergies or sensitivities to the compound.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of chlorphenesin. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26 Suppl 3:61-72. doi: 10.1080/10915810701663150.

- Personal Care Products Council. Safety Assessment of Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics. 2013. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr126.pdf.

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. 2019. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822.

O Cymen 5 Ol

Other name: o-Cymen-5-ol; 4-Isopropyl-m-cresol

Function: Preservative, Cosmetic Biocide

1. Definition O Cymen 5 Ol:

O Cymen 5 Ol is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antimicrobial agent. It is also known by its chemical name, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.

2. Use:

O Cymen 5 Ol is primarily used in skincare and haircare products to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms that can cause product spoilage or skin infections. It helps to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of harmful microbes.

3. Usage O Cymen 5 Ol:

When using products containing O Cymen 5 Ol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in very small concentrations, as it can be irritating to the skin in high doses. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with O Cymen 5 Ol, especially if you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergies. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Koo, H., et al. (2004). Antimicrobial activity of isothiazolones against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 55(3), 245-251.

- Kim, J., et al. (2010). Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a cosmetic product containing O Cymen 5 Ol. Journal of Dermatological Science, 58(2), 127-132.

- Rastogi, S. C., et al. (1998). Contact allergy to isothiazolinones in Europe: an analysis of the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG). Contact Dermatitis, 38(2), 49-53.

Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Skin Protecting

1. Definition Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax:

Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax is a natural plant-derived wax obtained from the flowers of Acacia Decurrens, a species of tree native to Australia. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax is often used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic waxes. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in products such as lip balms, creams, lotions, and makeup. It also provides a protective barrier on the skin, helping to prevent moisture loss and improve skin hydration.

3. Usage Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax:

Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax can be incorporated into various cosmetic formulations at different concentrations depending on the desired texture and consistency. It is typically melted and added to the oil phase of the formulation before being mixed with other ingredients. It is important to follow recommended usage guidelines and conduct patch tests before using products containing this wax to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax" by Cosmetics Info

- "Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Magazine

- "The Benefits of Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax in Skincare" by The Eco Well

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Wax

Function:

1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Wax:

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Wax is a natural wax derived from the seeds of the sunflower plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a vegan alternative to beeswax.

2. Use:

Sunflower seed wax is known for its emollient properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as lip balms, moisturizers, and creams. It helps to hydrate and nourish the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth.

3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Wax:

Sunflower seed wax can be found in various cosmetic formulations, including lipsticks, lip balms, and body lotions. It is often used as a thickening agent or emollient to improve the texture and consistency of the product. When using products containing sunflower seed wax, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics but should be avoided by individuals with known allergies to sunflower seeds.

4. References:

- International Journal of Cosmetic Science. (2016). Sunflower wax: A valuable plant wax. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12314

- Cosmetics & Toiletries. (2018). Sunflower wax: A natural alternative to petrolatum. https://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/natural/Sunflower-Wax-A-Natural-Alternative-to-Petrolatum-487411121.html

- Journal of Oleo Science. (2015). Sunflower wax: A review. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess14268

Adenosine

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Adenosine:

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the body. In cosmetics, adenosine is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Adenosine is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reduce the signs of aging, and promote skin elasticity. It also helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Adenosine:

Adenosine is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it is applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to use products containing adenosine as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them after cleansing and toning the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Topical adenosine for hair loss: A promising alternative to minoxidil. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 457-461.

- Kim, D. S., et al. (2013). Anti-wrinkle activity of adenosine in human dermal fibroblasts through activation of adenosine A2A receptor signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(1), 282-291.

- Baek, J. H., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory role of adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor in human mast cells: Evidence and therapeutic potential. Journal of Immunology, 196(10), 4002-4011.

Lecithin

Other name: phosphatidylcholine; Lecithin; Lecithins; Soy Lecithin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Lecithin:

Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.

2. Use:

Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.

3. Usage Lecithin:

When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.

- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.

- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.

Citric Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

See more: Citric Acid

Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Extract

Function: Antioxidant

1. Definition Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Extract:

Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Extract is derived from the seeds of the cocoa plant and is known for its rich antioxidant properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and skin-soothing benefits.

2. Use:

Theobroma Cacao Seed Extract is a popular ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks to help improve the skin's overall appearance and texture. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of cocoa seed extract can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals, reducing the signs of aging.

3. Usage Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Extract:

When using products containing Theobroma Cacao Seed Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to do a patch test on a small area of skin before applying it to the face or body to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is best to avoid using products with cocoa seed extract on broken or irritated skin to prevent further irritation.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- M. A. Rizzi, G. A. S. Vieira, A. L. Kuskoski, M. F. Rizzi, J. G. D. E. Vanier, and E. F. N. Hertz. (2006). "Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Beans and Chemical Composition of its Fractions." Journal of Food Science.

- S. S. Kim, J. H. Baik, and H. S. Oh. (2016). "Theobroma cacao extract increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol and protects against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice." Journal of Nutrition.

T Butyl Alcohol

Other name: Tert-Butyl alcohol; 2-methylpropan-2-ol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Denaturant

1. Definition T Butyl Alcohol:

T Butyl Alcohol, also known as tert-butanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol, is a colorless organic compound with a camphor-like odor. It is a tertiary alcohol with the molecular formula C4H10O.

2. Use:

T Butyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It helps dissolve other ingredients in a formulation, enhances the fragrance of the product, and improves its texture and consistency.

3. Usage T Butyl Alcohol:

When using T Butyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow proper safety precautions. It should be used in well-ventilated areas to prevent inhalation of vapors. Avoid contact with skin and eyes, as it can cause irritation. In case of accidental ingestion, seek medical attention immediately. Store T Butyl Alcohol in a cool, dry place away from heat and flame.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Tertiary-Butyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Tertiary-Butyl Alcohol" by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

- "Tert-Butyl Alcohol" by PubChem, National Library of Medicine

Lepidium Sativum Sprout Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Lepidium Sativum Sprout Extract:

Lepidium Sativum Sprout Extract, also known as garden cress sprout extract, is derived from the sprouts of the Lepidium sativum plant. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that offer various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Lepidium Sativum Sprout Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and brightening properties. It can help to reduce redness and irritation, protect the skin from environmental damage, and improve the overall appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Lepidium Sativum Sprout Extract:

Lepidium Sativum Sprout Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is often included in formulations targeting dullness, uneven skin tone, and signs of aging. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen during the day.

4. References:

- Saeed, S., Tariq, P., & Afzal, M. (2018). Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Lepidium sativum seeds. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(6), 1184-1188.

- Bhat, S. S., Hegde, K., & Nair, R. (2017). Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed – A potential medicinal food. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 7(1), 12-14.

- Al-Snafi, A. E. (2015). The pharmacological importance of Lepidium sativum – A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 5(1), 78-84.