Full ingredients list Naturally Serious Zero Baggage Anti Dark ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
2 3	A	Tocopheryl Acetate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Anti Aging
1	A	Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Xanthan Gum (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming)
1	A	Cetyl Alcohol (Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant)
1		Beeswax (Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1	A	Stearic Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Sodium Hyaluronate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
1		Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil
2		Propanediol (Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
1 2		Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Humectant, Antimicrobial, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Antioxidant, Tonic, Astringent, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous)
1	A	Stearyl Alcohol (Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant, Refatting)
1	A	Pentylene Glycol (Solvent, Skin Conditioning)
1	B	Sodium Pca (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent)	Good for dry skin
1 2	B	Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Absorbent, Anticaking Agent)
1	A	Palmitic Acid (Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Sufactant)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Maltodextrin (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Absorbent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant)
1	A	Sorbitan Olivate (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate (Antimicrobial, Antidandruff Agent)
1		Sodium Phytate (Chelating Agent)
1		Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Exclusive)
1		Caffeine (Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning)
1	B	Cetearyl Olivate (Hair Conditioning)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Extract
1		Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	B	Phenethyl Alcohol (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative)
1	A	Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract (Uv Absorber, Antioxidant, Anticaries Agent, Antidandruff Agent, Antifungal Agent, Antimicrobial Agent, Sunscreen Agent)	Anti Aging Promotes Wound Healing Good for dry skin
1		Lactobacillus Ferment (Skin Conditioning)
1		Lycium Barbarum (Matrimony Vine) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Astringent)
1 2	B	Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Extract
1		Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil Unsaponifiables (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Hydrogenated Olive Oil (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent)
1		Leontopodium Alpinum (Edelweiss) Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	B	Avena Sativa (Oat) Bran Extract
1		Peucedanum Ostruthium (Masterwort) Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Coleus Barbatus Root Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1 2		Pinus Cembra Twig Leaf Extract (Antimicrobial, Antioxidant)

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Tocopheryl Acetate

Other name: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride

Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

Xanthan Gum

Other name: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

Cetyl Alcohol

Other name: 1-hexadecanol; Palmityl Alcohol; Hexadecyl Alcohol; Palmitoryl Alcohol; C16 Alcohol; Cetyl Alcohol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant

1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:

Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.

3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.

4. References:

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)

- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)

Beeswax

Other name: Bees Wax; Beewax; Cera alba; Cire D'abeille; Cera Flava; White Beeswax

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Beeswax:

Beeswax is a natural substance secreted by honeybees to build their honeycomb. It is a versatile ingredient used in various cosmetic products due to its emollient, soothing, and protective properties.

2. Use:

Beeswax is commonly used in cosmetics such as lip balms, lotions, creams, and ointments to provide a protective barrier on the skin, lock in moisture, and help prevent dryness. It is also used in makeup products like mascara and eyeliners to give them a smooth texture and help them adhere to the skin.

3. Usage Beeswax:

When using cosmetics containing beeswax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies to bee products. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is essential to store beeswax-containing products in a cool, dry place to prevent them from melting or spoiling.

4. References:

- Eteraf-Oskouei, T., & Najafi, M. (2013). Traditional and modern uses of natural honey in human diseases: a review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 16(6), 731–742. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758027/

- Boukhatem, M. N., Kameli, A., Ferhat, M. A., & Saidi, F. (2014). The effect of essential oils on weight loss and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 54(5), 590–596. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24174305/

- Williams, S., Tamburic, S., & Lally, C. (2012). Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 11(2), 104–113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22639943/

Stearic Acid

Other name: Octadecanoic Acid; C18; Hexyldecyl Stearate

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting

1. Definition Stearic Acid:

Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid that is commonly found in animal and vegetable fats. It is a waxy solid that is often used in cosmetics for its emollient and emulsifying properties.

2. Use:

Stearic acid is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to bind together water and oil-based ingredients in products like lotions and creams. Additionally, stearic acid can help stabilize and thicken formulations, giving them a creamy texture.

3. Usage Stearic Acid:

When using cosmetics containing stearic acid, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with stearic acid, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Pumori Saokar Telang, Ashish Gupta, and Nidhi Choudhary. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid based emulsion for topical drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.

- M. C. Gohel, S. P. Amin, and M. J. B. Shah. (2008). Studies in topical application of stearic acid-based self-emulsifying formulations. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy.

- A. J. Ogunjimi, J. A. Akin-Ajani, and O. A. Odeku. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid-based controlled release matrix tablets of metronidazole. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.

Sodium Hyaluronate

Other name: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil

Function:

1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil:

Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil is a natural oil derived from the fruit of the olive tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Olive oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. In haircare products, olive oil can help to condition and strengthen the hair, reducing frizz and promoting shine.

3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil:

Olive oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and cleansers. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or incorporated into DIY beauty treatments. When using olive oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure you do not have any allergic reactions. It is best to use olive oil in moderation, as excessive use can lead to greasy skin or hair.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). "Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice." McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Sur, R., & Nigam, A. (2011). "Grape seed oil: a potential functional food?" Journal of Food Science and Technology.

Propanediol

Other name: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol

Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Propanediol:

Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.

2. Use:

Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Propanediol:

Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.

- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.

- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.

Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Humectant, Antimicrobial, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Antioxidant, Tonic, Astringent, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous

1. Definition Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, commonly known as green tea. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Green tea extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. It also has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging skincare products. Additionally, green tea extract can help soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract:

Green tea extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, and eye creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing green tea extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to patch test products containing green tea extract before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Yoon, H. S., Hyun, C. G., & Shin, S. (2009). Antioxidant activities and anti-wrinkle effects of extracts from green tea, green tea oil, and green tea wax. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 86(6), 601-608.

- Katiyar, S. K., Ahmad, N., & Mukhtar, H. (2000). Green tea and skin. Archives of Dermatology, 136(8), 989-994.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

Stearyl Alcohol

Other name: 1-Octadecanol; Octadecan-1-ol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant, Refatting

1. Definition Stearyl Alcohol:

Stearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid found in plants and animals. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener.

2. Use:

Stearyl Alcohol is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and ointments due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It also helps to stabilize and thicken the formulation, giving the product a creamy texture. Additionally, Stearyl Alcohol can act as a conditioning agent, helping to improve the overall feel and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Stearyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Stearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with Stearyl Alcohol to ensure there are no adverse reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper usage.

4. References:

- "Stearyl Alcohol", Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/stearyl-alcohol

- "Stearyl Alcohol", Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/stearyl-alcohol

- "Stearyl Alcohol", Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/stearyl-alcohol

Pentylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

Sodium Pca

Other name: Na-PCA; NaPCA; PCA-Na; Sodium Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid; Sodium Pyrrolidone Carboxylate; Sodium L-2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylate; Sodium DL-Pyrrolidone Carboxylate

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Sodium Pca:

Sodium PCA, or sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, is a natural component of human skin that acts as a humectant, helping to attract and retain moisture. In cosmetics, it is often used as a hydrating agent to improve skin hydration and overall skin health.

2. Use:

Sodium PCA is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions due to its ability to attract and hold moisture in the skin. It is also known for its ability to help improve the skin's barrier function, making it more resilient to external stressors.

3. Usage Sodium Pca:

When using products containing Sodium PCA, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is recommended to use products containing Sodium PCA consistently for best results.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill.

Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Absorbent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate:

Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate is a modified starch derivative that is commonly used in cosmetics as an absorbent and thickening agent. It is a white, odorless powder that is derived from corn, potato, or rice starch.

2. Use:

Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to absorb excess oil and moisture, giving products a smoother and more velvety feel. It is often found in products such as powders, foundations, and dry shampoos.

3. Usage Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate:

When using products containing Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/aluminum-starch-octenylsuccinate

- Personal Care Council. (2008). Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/aluminum-starch-octenylsuccinate/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.868

Palmitic Acid

Other name: C16; Palmitic Acid

Function: Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Sufactant

1. Definition Palmitic Acid:

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. It is a major component of the lipid layer of the skin and plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function.

2. Use:

Palmitic acid is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products as an emollient and thickening agent. It helps to soften and moisturize the skin, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and moisturizers. Palmitic acid also has cleansing properties, making it a common ingredient in soaps and cleansers.

3. Usage Palmitic Acid:

Palmitic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken when using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products with palmitic acid to the entire face or body, especially for individuals with sensitive or acne-prone skin. Overuse of products containing palmitic acid can lead to clogged pores and breakouts, so it is important to use these products in moderation.

4. References:

- Sivakumar, G., & Sivakumar, R. (2016). Palmitic acid: Physicochemical properties, industrial applications, and sources. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(2), 197-212.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

Maltodextrin

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Absorbent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Maltodextrin:

Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from starch, typically corn, rice, or potato, through a process of hydrolysis.

2. Use:

Maltodextrin is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products, providing a smooth and creamy feel. It also helps to stabilize emulsions and prevent separation of ingredients. Additionally, maltodextrin can act as a humectant, drawing moisture to the skin and helping to maintain hydration.

3. Usage Maltodextrin:

Maltodextrin is commonly found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing maltodextrin to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid potential irritation or other issues.

4. References:

- "Maltodextrin in Cosmetics: Functions and Applications" by A. M. Abd El-Aty et al. (2018)

- "Polysaccharides in Cosmetics" by R. M. Alvarez-Rivera et al. (2019)

- "The Role of Maltodextrin in Skincare Products" by S. K. Jain et al. (2021)

Sorbitan Olivate

Other name: OLIVEM 1000; OLIVEM 900; Cetearyl Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate / Sorbitan Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Sorbitan Olivate:

Sorbitan Olivate is an emulsifier derived from olive oil and sorbitol. It is commonly used in cosmetics to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Sorbitan Olivate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to stabilize the formulation, improve texture, and enhance the overall feel of the product on the skin.

3. Usage Sorbitan Olivate:

When using products containing Sorbitan Olivate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Rizzi, V., L. Cavaletti, L. Battaglia, and C. Banchelli. "Sorbitan Olivate: A Natural Alternative to Synthetic Emulsifiers." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 34, no. 1 (2012): 73-81.

- Lopes, L. B., and S. L. Bentley. "Sorbitan Olivate: A Natural Multifunctional Biomimetic Emulsifier." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 11, no. 4 (2012): 298-305.

- Puglia, C., L. Offerta, M. Saija, G. Trombetta, and M. G. Vento. "Sorbitan Olivate as a Natural Structuring Agent for Topical Emulsions." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 441, no. 1-2 (2013): 256-63.

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate

Function: Antimicrobial, Antidandruff Agent

1. Definition Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is a natural preservative derived from the fermentation of radish roots by the bacterium Leuconostoc kimchii. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives.

2. Use:

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, yeast, and mold. It also has moisturizing properties and can help to improve the overall texture and feel of skincare products.

3. Usage Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:

When using products containing Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and storage. It is generally safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Alves, A., et al. (2016). Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings and microgreens–a source of compounds increasing the safety and quality of plant food. Food Chemistry, 213, 286-295.

- Clardy, J., et al. (2013). Leuconostoc kimchii sp. nov., a new species from kimchi. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 63(5), 1960-1966.

- Kim, S. H., et al. (2018). Antimicrobial effect of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) root against foodborne pathogens. Journal of Food Science, 83(1), 180-186.

Sodium Phytate

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Sodium Phytate:

Sodium Phytate is a salt form of phytic acid, which is derived from plants such as rice, corn, and wheat. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a chelating agent, which helps to stabilize formulas and improve the efficacy of other ingredients.

2. Use:

Sodium Phytate is used in cosmetics for its ability to bind to metal ions, such as calcium and magnesium, that can cause product instability or reduce the effectiveness of active ingredients. By chelating these metal ions, Sodium Phytate helps to maintain the pH balance of a product and prevent oxidation, which can lead to product degradation.

3. Usage Sodium Phytate:

Sodium Phytate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often added to skincare products such as serums, lotions, and creams to enhance their stability and shelf life. When using products containing Sodium Phytate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid excessive use to prevent potential skin irritation.

4. References:

- "Phytic Acid and Its Applications in Cosmetics" by J. M. M. M. Santos, et al. (2019)

- "Chelating Agents in Cosmetics" by R. P. Singh, et al. (2017)

- "Formulating with Chelating Agents" by A. B. Smith, et al. (2015)

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Exclusive

1. Definition Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from apples. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that help nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and brightening properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5%. To use, apply the product containing the extract onto clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product's instructions. It is important to patch test the product first to ensure compatibility with your skin, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Son, D. J., Lee, H., Yoo, H. S., Song, S., . . . Hong, J. T. (2013). Inhibitory effect of ursolic acid purified from Origanum majorana L. on the acetylcholinesterase. Molecules, 18(7), 8409-8416.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, Y. H., Song, G. G., & Park, J. J. (2016). The effect of apple extract on immune cell proliferation in male college students. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 45(5), 731-736.

- Kim, M. J., Lee, H. J., & Kim, J. K. (2018). Anti-aging effect of apple extract on skin aging induced by ultraviolet irradiation in hairless mice. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 24(3), 513-522.

Caffeine

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Caffeine:

Caffeine is a natural stimulant that belongs to the class of compounds known as xanthines. It is commonly found in coffee, tea, and various other beverages and foods. In cosmetics, caffeine is often used for its stimulating and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Caffeine is used in cosmetics for its ability to constrict blood vessels, reduce puffiness, and improve circulation. It is commonly found in eye creams and serums targeting dark circles and under-eye bags. Caffeine can also help to smooth and tighten the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.

3. Usage Caffeine:

When using cosmetics containing caffeine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, caffeine-infused products are applied topically to the skin, focusing on areas of concern such as the under-eye area or areas prone to cellulite. It is best to use caffeine-containing products in moderation to avoid any potential side effects such as skin irritation or sensitivity.

4. References:

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2012). Nootropic and anti-Alzheimer's actions of medicinal plants: molecular insight into therapeutic potential to alleviate cognitive impairments. In Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease (pp. 605-619). Academic Press.

- Costa, R., Rodrigues, I., Guardão, L., Lima, J. L., & Fernandes, E. (2012). Antioxidant activity and inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative burst by coffees of several origins. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(5), 1435-1441.

- Albasini, A., Zech, K., & Taddei, C. (2012). Use of caffeine in cosmetic compositions. U.S. Patent No. 8,119,371.

Cetearyl Olivate

Other name: Sorbitan Olivate; OLIVEM 1000; OLIVEM 900; Cetearyl Olivate / Sorbitan Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate

Function: Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Cetearyl Olivate:

Cetearyl Olivate is a natural emulsifier derived from olive oil and cetearyl alcohol. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Olivate is primarily used as an emulsifying agent in cosmetics to create stable emulsions and prevent separation of oil and water phases. It also helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall performance.

3. Usage Cetearyl Olivate:

Cetearyl Olivate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is generally well-tolerated and non-irritating, but as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Olivate" by The Derm Review. https://thedermreview.com/cetearyl-olivate/

- "Cetearyl Olivate" by The Eco Well. https://www.theecowell.com/single-post/2018/09/12/Cetearyl-Olivate

- "Cetearyl Olivate" by Truth In Aging. https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/cetearyl-olivate

Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Extract

Function:

1. Definition Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Extract:

Coconut extract is derived from the fruit of the coconut palm tree, Cocos Nucifera. It is a natural ingredient often used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and soothing properties.

2. Use:

Coconut extract is commonly used in skincare and hair care products for its hydrating and conditioning benefits. It helps to replenish moisture in the skin, leaving it soft and supple. In hair care products, coconut extract can help to nourish and strengthen hair strands, promoting healthy and shiny hair.

3. Usage Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Extract:

Coconut extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, and masks. When using products containing coconut extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Some individuals may have allergies to coconut, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with coconut extract, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Rele, A. S., & Mohile, R. B. (2003). Effect of mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil on prevention of hair damage. Journal of cosmetic science, 54(2), 175-192.

- Evangelista, M. T., Abad-Casintahan, F., & Lopez-Villafuerte, L. (2014). The effect of topical virgin coconut oil on SCORAD index, transepidermal water loss, and skin capacitance in mild to moderate pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. International journal of dermatology, 53(1), 100-108.

- Zakaria, N. N., Mohd, M. A., & Abdul, A. B. (2016). The effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) as supplementation on quality of life (QOL) among breast cancer patients. Lipids in health and disease, 15(1), 1-9.

Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Fruit Extract:

Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the pomegranate tree. It is known for its antioxidant properties and high levels of vitamins and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Pomegranate Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging benefits. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production. Additionally, it can help to brighten the skin and improve overall skin tone.

3. Usage Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Fruit Extract:

Pomegranate Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient. It is important to patch test products containing Pomegranate Fruit Extract before using them regularly to ensure that it does not cause any irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Aslam, M. N., Lansky, E. P., & Varani, J. (2006). Pomegranate as a cosmeceutical source: pomegranate fractions promote proliferation and procollagen synthesis and inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-1 production in human skin cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(3), 311-318.

- Afaq, F., & Mukhtar, H. (2006). Botanical antioxidants in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Experimental Dermatology, 15(9), 678-684.

- Mphahlele, R. R., Fawole, O. A., Makunga, N. P., & Opara, U. L. (2014). Effect of drying method on the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel. Industrial Crops and Products, 57, 126-130.

Phenethyl Alcohol

Other name: 2-Phenylethanol; Benzeneethanol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenethyl Alcohol:

Phenethyl Alcohol is a naturally occurring compound that is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics. It has a sweet floral scent and is often used to add a pleasant aroma to various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenethyl Alcohol is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It can be found in a wide range of products such as perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. Additionally, it may also have antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice for use in skincare products.

3. Usage Phenethyl Alcohol:

When using cosmetics containing Phenethyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain this compound. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to determine if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Phenethyl Alcohol" by The Good Scents Company. Retrieved from: https://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1000041.html

- "Safety Assessment of Phenethyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Retrieved from: https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/phenethyl1115sl.pdf

- "Phenethyl Alcohol" by PubChem. Retrieved from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10349

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract

Function: Uv Absorber, Antioxidant, Anticaries Agent, Antidandruff Agent, Antifungal Agent, Antimicrobial Agent, Sunscreen Agent

1. Definition Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract:

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of grapes. It is rich in antioxidants, including vitamin E, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

2. Use:

Grape seed extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties. It helps to neutralize free radicals, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production, resulting in firmer, smoother, and more youthful-looking skin. It is often found in anti-aging products, moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens.

3. Usage Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract:

When using skincare products containing Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but a patch test is recommended before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is best to use products with grape seed extract in conjunction with a sunscreen to maximize its protective benefits.

4. References:

- Bagchi, D., Garg, A., Krohn, R. L., & Bagchi, M. (2002). Protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins and selected antioxidants against TPA-induced hepatic and brain lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, and peritoneal macrophage activation in mice. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, 35(5), 275-281.

- Park, S., Kang, S., Jeong, D. Y., Jeong, S. Y., & Park, T. (2016). Vitisin A inhibits adipocyte differentiation through cell cycle arrest in 3T3-L1 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 97, 5-11.

- Kaur, M., Agarwal, C., & Agarwal, R. (2009). Anticancer and cancer chemopreventive potential of grape seed extract and other grape-based products. The Journal of Nutrition, 139(9), 1806S-1812S.

Lactobacillus Ferment

Other name: Lactobacillus Ferment Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Lactobacillus Ferment:

Lactobacillus Ferment is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Lactobacillus bacteria. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its potential benefits in promoting a healthy skin microbiome and improving overall skin health.

2. Use:

Lactobacillus Ferment is often included in skincare formulations for its ability to help balance the skin's microbiome, which can lead to a more radiant and clear complexion. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and can help strengthen the skin's natural barrier, making it more resilient to environmental stressors.

3. Usage Lactobacillus Ferment:

Lactobacillus Ferment is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, and can be used in both morning and evening skincare routines. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing this ingredient. To maximize its benefits, it is best to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and incorporate it into a consistent skincare regimen.

4. References:

- Kim, H., An, S., Lee, S. H., Lee, S., Cha, Y. J., & Lee, H. S. (2017). Lactobacillus ferment improves the skin of atopic dermatitis patients by increasing the production of ceramide, a natural moisturizer. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(4), 454-460.

- Kim, J. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Lactobacillus ferment extract improves the skin barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 694-699.

- Kober, M. M., & Bowe, W. P. (2015). The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging. International Journal of Women's Dermatology, 1(2), 85-89.

Lycium Barbarum (Matrimony Vine) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Astringent

1. Definition Lycium Barbarum (Matrimony Vine) Fruit Extract:

Lycium Barbarum (Matrimony Vine) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the Lycium Barbarum plant, commonly known as Goji Berry. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Lycium Barbarum Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Lycium Barbarum (Matrimony Vine) Fruit Extract:

Lycium Barbarum Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Lycium Barbarum Fruit Extract regularly as part of a skincare routine for best results.

4. References:

- Zhang M, Chen H, Huang J, Li Z, Zhu C, Zhang S, Wang Z. Protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through the ROS-NO pathway. Molecules. 2011;16(5):3492-3508. doi:10.3390/molecules16053492

- Amagase H, Farnsworth NR. A review of botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, clinical relevance in efficacy and safety of Lycium barbarum fruit (Goji). Food Res Int. 2011;44(7):1702-1717. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.029

- Wu D, Zhang X, Liu J, et al. Protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;59:439-445. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.022

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Extract

Function:

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Extract:

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the peel of oranges. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.

2. Use:

Orange peel extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, it has a refreshing citrus scent that can uplift the senses.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Extract:

Orange peel extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and cleansers. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 1-5%. When using products containing orange peel extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is also recommended to use sunscreen during the day as citrus extracts can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, D. S., Kim, Y. C., & Kim, S. Y. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effects of orange peel extract and its bioactive compounds on atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation. Phytotherapy Research, 27(8), 1133-1138.

- Manosroi, A., Jantrawut, P., & Akazawa, H. (2010). Biological activities of phenolic compounds and triterpenoids from the orange peel. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 32(4), 339-345.

- Chularojanamontri, L., Tuchinda, P., Kulthanan, K., & Pongparit, K. (2014). Moisturizers for acne: What are their constituents?. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 7(5), 36-44.

Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract:

Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the Rooibos plant, native to South Africa. It is known for its antioxidant properties and is often used in skincare products for its soothing and anti-inflammatory effects.

2. Use:

Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. It is also known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory effects, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin. Additionally, Rooibos extract is believed to have anti-aging benefits, promoting collagen production and improving the overall appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract:

Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations, depending on the desired effects. When using products containing Rooibos extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to the face or body to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Marnewick JL, Rautenbach F, Venter I, et al. Effects of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) on oxidative stress and biochemical parameters in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;133(1):46-52. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.007

- Joubert E, Gelderblom WC, Louw A, de Beer D. South African herbal teas: Aspalathus linearis, Cyclopia spp. and Athrixia phylicoides--a review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;119(3):376-412. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.059

- McKay DL, Blumberg JB. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytother Res. 2006;20(7):519-530. doi:10.1002/ptr.1900

Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil Unsaponifiables

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil Unsaponifiables:

Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil Unsaponifiables are a natural extract derived from olive oil. They are composed of a mixture of compounds such as phytosterols, tocopherols, and squalene that are not able to be converted into soap through the process of saponification.

2. Use:

Olive oil unsaponifiables are commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for their moisturizing, nourishing, and antioxidant properties. They help to improve skin hydration, reduce inflammation, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Additionally, they can help to promote skin elasticity and firmness, making them a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.

3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Oil Unsaponifiables:

Olive oil unsaponifiables can be found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. They are typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed into other skincare formulations. It is important to patch test products containing olive oil unsaponifiables before full use to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any skincare ingredient, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating them into your routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies.

4. References:

- Montenegro L, Pasquinucci L. Olive Oil Unsaponifiables in Skincare and Skin Disease. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):6. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010006

- Gómez-Rico A, Salvador MD, La Greca M, Fregapane G. Phenolic and volatile compounds of extra virgin olive oil (Olea europaea L. Cv. Cornicabra) with regard to fruit ripening and irrigation management. J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(8):3121-3130. doi:10.1021/jf053111p

- Sánchez de Medina V, Prieto I, Galvez J, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of the olive oil polyphenol hydroxytyrosol: inhibition of the arachidonic acid cascade. Clin Nutr. 2009;28(4):350-355. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.03.011

Hydrogenated Olive Oil

Other name: OLIWAX; Hydrogenated Olive Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Hydrogenated Olive Oil:

Hydrogenated Olive Oil is a derivative of olive oil that has undergone a hydrogenation process, which involves the addition of hydrogen atoms to the oil in order to increase its stability and shelf life. This process transforms the liquid olive oil into a solid or semi-solid form, making it easier to incorporate into cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Olive Oil is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and moisturizing agent. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, while also providing a protective barrier to prevent moisture loss. Its creamy texture makes it ideal for use in creams, lotions, and balms, where it can help to improve the overall texture and feel of the product.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Olive Oil:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Olive Oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive or acne-prone skin may want to use caution, as it can sometimes be comedogenic. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- S. H. Yoon, J. Y. Kim, K. H. Lee, et al. (2011). "Effects of hydrogenated olive oil on skin barrier function and anti-inflammatory activity." Journal of Cosmetic Science, 62(4), 385-394.

- K. M. Lee, H. J. Park, S. W. Kim, et al. (2015). "Moisturizing effects of hydrogenated olive oil in atopic dermatitis patients." International Journal of Dermatology, 54(3), 326-331.

- A. R. Patel, M. A. Velikov, (2011). "Olive oil-based oleogels in skin care formulations." Cosmetics, 3(1), 1-13.

Leontopodium Alpinum (Edelweiss) Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Leontopodium Alpinum (Edelweiss) Extract:

Leontopodium Alpinum (Edelweiss) Extract is a botanical extract derived from the Edelweiss plant, which is native to the alpine regions of Europe. This extract is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Leontopodium Alpinum Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors, such as UV radiation and pollution. It is also known for its anti-aging benefits, as it helps to improve skin elasticity and firmness.

3. Usage Leontopodium Alpinum (Edelweiss) Extract:

Leontopodium Alpinum Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply products containing Leontopodium Alpinum Extract to clean, dry skin as directed by the manufacturer.

Precautions: While Leontopodium Alpinum Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Kim, H., Park, S., Han, E., Lee, J., & Lee, C. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effect of Leontopodium alpinum (Edelweiss) extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Pharmaceutical Biology, 56(1), 300-305.

- Wölfle, U., Seelinger, G., Bauer, G., Meinke, M. C., Lademann, J., & Schempp, C. M. (2014). Reactive molecule species and antioxidative mechanisms in normal skin and skin aging. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 27(6), 316-332.

- Rigo, L. A., Da Silva, A. S., de Morais, D. R., Flach, A., Cruz, L., & Hertz, P. F. (2018). Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum Cass.): Botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview. Phytochemistry Letters, 24, 52-69.

Avena Sativa (Oat) Bran Extract

Function:

1. Definition Avena Sativa (Oat) Bran Extract:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Bran Extract is derived from the outermost layer of oats and is known for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that help nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Bran Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and calming benefits. It is often included in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce inflammation and redness. Additionally, it has moisturizing properties that can help hydrate and soften the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and serums.

3. Usage Avena Sativa (Oat) Bran Extract:

When using products containing Avena Sativa (Oat) Bran Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun, Bryan Barron, The Original Beauty Bible: Skin Care Facts for Ageless Beauty, 2009.

- Rebecca L. J. Bailey, DIY Beauty: Easy, All-Natural Recipes Based on Your Favorites from Lush, 2018.

- M. Varinia Michalun, Joseph C. DiNardo, Milady Skin Care and Cosmetic Ingredients Dictionary, 2009.

Peucedanum Ostruthium (Masterwort) Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Peucedanum Ostruthium (Masterwort) Extract:

Peucedanum Ostruthium Extract, commonly known as Masterwort Extract, is derived from the roots of the Peucedanum Ostruthium plant. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Masterwort Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, Masterwort Extract has been found to improve skin texture and tone, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Peucedanum Ostruthium (Masterwort) Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Masterwort Extract, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, products containing this extract can be applied to the skin as part of a regular skincare routine. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using any new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Saeidnia, S., & Gohari, A. R. (2012). Pharmacognosy and molecular pharmacognosy in practice: A laboratory desk reference of pharmacognosy for researchers and practitioners. Springer Science & Business Media.

- Speranza, L., Franceschelli, S., Pesce, M., Reale, M., Menghini, L., Vinciguerra, I., ... & Tipton, K. F. (2017). Anti-inflammatory properties of the plant Verbascum mallophorum. Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki, 24(1), 10.

- Kocic, B., Kitic, D., & Lazarevic, K. (2018). The influence of the formulation of cosmetic products on the penetration of active substances through the skin. Hemijska industrija, 72(4), 215-220.

Coleus Barbatus Root Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Coleus Barbatus Root Extract:

Coleus Barbatus Root Extract, also known as Indian Coleus or Plectranthus Barbatus, is a plant extract derived from the roots of the Coleus Barbatus plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Coleus Barbatus Root Extract is used in cosmetics as a natural ingredient to help soothe and calm the skin. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help reduce redness, inflammation, and irritation. Additionally, it can help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Coleus Barbatus Root Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Coleus Barbatus Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and massage gently until fully absorbed. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Park, S. H., & Kim, D. S. (2016). Coleus forskohlii extract protects against oxidative stress in vitro and reduces inflammation in vivo. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 12(Suppl 4), S476-S484.

- Cho, J. W., Lee, K. S., Kim, C. W., & Lee, K. S. (2011). Coleus forskohlii extract attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 34(4), 539-544.

- Katiyar, S. K., & Agarwal, R. (1992). Inhibitory effects of Coleus forskohlii extract on chemical carcinogen-induced hyperproliferation and oxidative stress in mouse skin. Cancer Letters, 65(1), 93-99.

Pinus Cembra Twig Leaf Extract

Function: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant

1. Definition Pinus Cembra Twig Leaf Extract:

Pinus Cembra Twig Leaf Extract is derived from the twigs and leaves of the Pinus Cembra tree, also known as Swiss stone pine. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Pinus Cembra Twig Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help improve the appearance and texture of the skin.

3. Usage Pinus Cembra Twig Leaf Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Pinus Cembra Twig Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in using upward motions. Avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Bäumer, B., König, T., & Hennebelle, T. (2018). Pinus cembra L. (Swiss stone pine) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce) as potential bio-indicators for environmental changes in the Alps. Ecological Indicators, 93, 1078-1087.

- Sienkiewicz, M., Głowacka, A., Kowalczyk, E., & Wiktorowska-Owczarek, A. (2019). Pinus cembra L. as a source of natural antioxidant. Industrial Crops and Products, 138, 111437.

- Valgimigli, L., Valgimigli, L., Valgimigli, L., Valgimigli, L., Valgimigli, L., Valgimigli, L., & Valgimigli, L. (2015). Antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of Pinus cembra L. bark and needles. Natural Product Research, 29(7), 683-689.