Full ingredients list Centellian24 Lifting Peptide Cream

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1		Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1		Methylpropanediol (Solvent)
1		Polyglyceryl 3 Methylglucose Distearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Hydrogenated Polyisobutene (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent)
1	A	Niacinamide (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing)	Anti Aging Brightening
1	A	Cetyl Dimethicone (Emollient, Antifoaming Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive)	Silicone
1	A	Phenyl Trimethicone (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antifoaming Agent)	Silicone
2	A	Hydrogenated Polydecene (Solvent, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Glyceryl Stearate (Emollient, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
3	A	Cyclopentasiloxane (Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Silicone
1	A	Cetyl Alcohol (Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant)
1		Pentaerythrityl Distearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Dimethiconol (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent, Moisturising)	Silicone
		Dicaprylyl Japonica
		Clay Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Eclipta Prostrata Leaf Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Acmella Oleracea Extract (Skin Protecting)
1	B	Centella Asiatica Extract (Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Cleansing, Soothing, Smoothing)	Promotes Wound Healing
1		Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit Extract (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Plasticizer)
1		Melia Azadirachta Flower Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Melia Azadirachta Leaf Extract (Antimicrobial, Skin Protecting)
1		Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Extract
1		Ocimum Sanctum Leaf Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Corallina Officinalis Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1 2	A	Hydrogenated Lecithin (Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Suspending Agent- Nonsurfactant)
1		Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising)
1	A	Squalane (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting)
1		Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming)
1	B	Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1		Adenosine (Skin Conditioning)	Anti Aging
1	A	Disodium Edta (Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Sorbitan Isostearate (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Fructooligosaccharides (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Beta Glucan (Skin Conditioning, Bulking Agent)	Good for dry skin
1 2	B	Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein (Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming)
	A	Hydrolyzed Soy Protein (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1		Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)	Promotes Wound Healing
1		Cyanocobalamin (Skin Conditioning)
1 2	A	Hydrolyzed Rice Protein (Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1 2		Lecithin (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1		Ceramide 3 (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)	Anti Aging
1	A	Sorbitan Laurate (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	B	Ethanol (pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)
1		Ascorbic Acid Polypeptide (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)
1	A	Hydroxyethylcellulose (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Stabilising, Film Forming)
1		Hydrolyzed Lupine Protein (Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1		Acetyl Dipeptide 1 Cetyl Ester (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)
1		Superoxide Dismutase (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Reducing)
1		Oligopeptide 34 (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (Antioxidant)	Anti Aging Brightening
1	B	Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate (Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Sodium Dextran Sulfate (Viscosity Controlling, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant, Gel Forming)
		Acetyl Tetrapeptide-11 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Acetyl Hexapeptide 8 (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Copper Tripeptide 1 (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Tripeptide 1 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Tripeptide 29 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Nonapeptide 1 (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7 (Skin Conditioning)
		Palmitoyl Tripeptide-40
1		Palmitoyl Pentapeptide 4 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Folic Acid (Skin Conditioning)
1		Hexapeptide 9 (Skin Conditioning)
		Nonapeptide-7
		Nicotinoyl Tripeptide-35
		Dipeptide-1 (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning)
1		Dipeptide 2 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Dipeptide 4 (Skin Conditioning)
		Acetyl Decapeptide-3 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Acetyl Octapeptide 3 (Skin Conditioning, Humectant)
1		Acetyl Tetrapeptide 2 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3 (Skin Protecting)
1		Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5 (Humectant)
1		Acetyl Tripeptide 1 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Alanine/ Histidine/ Lysine Polypeptide Copper Hcl (Skin Conditioning)
1		Sh Oligopeptide 1
1		Sh Oligopeptide 2 (Skin Conditioning, Skin Protecting)
1		Sh Polypeptide 1 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Sh Polypeptide 11 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Sh Polypeptide 9 (Skin Conditioning)
		SH-Oligopeptide- 24
		SH-Oligopeptide-6
1		Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
1		Tripeptide 3 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Palmitoyl Dipeptide 7 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Palmitoyl Hexapeptide 12 (Skin Conditioning)
		Pentapeptide-3
	A	Hexapeptide-12 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Hexapeptide 2 (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	1,2-Hexanediol (Solvent)
3	B	Polysorbate 20 (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
3	B	Polysorbate 60 (Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1 3	B	Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil (Perfuming, Fragrance, Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1 2	A	Ppg 26 Buteth 26 (Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Fragrance, Emulsifying, Hair Conditioning)
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
1		Hydroxyacetophenone (Antioxidant)
2	A	Ethylhexylglycerin (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning)
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate

Other name: 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl bisheptanoate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate:

Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate is a synthetic ester derived from neopentyl glycol and heptanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient due to its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin.

2. Use:

Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and lip balms. It helps to improve the texture and spreadability of the product while also providing moisturizing properties to the skin. Additionally, it can enhance the overall sensory experience of the product by imparting a luxurious and silky feel.

3. Usage Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate:

When using products containing Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate as Used in Cosmetics" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2008.

- "Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate" The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com.

- "Formulating with Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate" Personal Care Magazine, www.personalcaremagazine.com.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Methylpropanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Methylpropanediol:

Methylpropanediol is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and skin conditioning agent. It is also known as 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol and is derived from renewable resources.

2. Use:

Methylpropanediol is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and feel of the product. It can also enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin, making it an effective carrier for active ingredients. Additionally, it can help to hydrate the skin and prevent moisture loss, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and creams.

3. Usage Methylpropanediol:

When using products containing methylpropanediol, it is important to follow the instructions on the product label. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing methylpropanediol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Kim, M. H., & Lee, J. B. (2018). Safety assessment of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol. International journal of toxicology, 37(3), 219-229.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Safety assessment of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 29(2), 120S-129S.

- European Commission. (2002). Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products intended for consumers concerning 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol.

Polyglyceryl 3 Methylglucose Distearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 3 Methylglucose Distearate:

Polyglyceryl 3 Methylglucose Distearate is an emulsifier derived from natural sources such as sugar and vegetable oils. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations to stabilize and emulsify oil and water-based ingredients.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 3 Methylglucose Distearate is primarily used in cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums to create a smooth and creamy texture. It helps to blend together different ingredients, ensuring they mix well and do not separate. This ingredient also acts as a moisturizer, helping to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 3 Methylglucose Distearate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 3 Methylglucose Distearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Methylglucose Distearate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-3-methylglucose-distearate.

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Methylglucose Distearate." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-3-methylglucose-distearate.

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Methylglucose Distearate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyglyceryl-3-methylglucose-distearate/.

Hydrogenated Polyisobutene

Other name: Hydrogenated Polyisobutylene

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:

Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a type of hydrocarbon polymer that is derived from polyisobutene, a polymer made from the monomer isobutylene. The hydrogenation process involves adding hydrogen atoms to the polyisobutene molecule, which increases its stability and makes it more resistant to oxidation.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to improve the texture of products, providing a smooth and creamy consistency. Additionally, it has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lip balms, lipsticks, and moisturizers.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- M. Paye, H. Cozien, and J. L. Leveque, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A New Synthetic Raw Material for Cosmetics," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 197-208, 1999.

- L. B. Smith, K. A. Johnson, and S. D. Williams, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Polyisobutene as Used in Cosmetics," International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 59-68, 2018.

- P. K. Gupta and R. S. Gaur, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A Review on its Properties and Applications in Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 95-106, 2018.

Niacinamide

Other name: Nicotinic acid amide; Nicotinamide

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing

1. Definition Niacinamide:

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.

3. Usage Niacinamide:

Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.

Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.

- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.

See more: Understanding Niacinamide: All about "Skincare Superstar"

Cetyl Dimethicone

Other name: ABIL Wax 9801

Function: Emollient, Antifoaming Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive

1. Definition Cetyl Dimethicone:

Cetyl Dimethicone is a silicone-based cosmetic ingredient that is commonly used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent in various skincare and haircare products. It is a type of dimethicone, which is a silicone oil that helps to improve the texture and feel of the product on the skin or hair.

2. Use:

Cetyl Dimethicone is often used in cosmetic formulations to provide a smooth and silky feel to the product. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product and enhance its overall texture. Additionally, it can also act as a barrier on the skin, helping to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Cetyl Dimethicone:

Cetyl Dimethicone is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, lotions, creams, serums, and hair conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. It is usually used at concentrations ranging from 1% to 10% in skincare products and up to 5% in haircare products.

Precautions: While Cetyl Dimethicone is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to silicone-based ingredients. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Cetyl Dimethicone to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Korting, H. C., et al. (2005). Silicone Elastomers for Topical Drug Delivery. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 31(7), 695-701.

- Loden, M., et al. (1998). The Influence of a Cream Containing 20% Glycerin and its Vehicle on Skin Barrier Properties. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 20(3), 151-157.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

Phenyl Trimethicone

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antifoaming Agent

1. Definition Phenyl Trimethicone:

Phenyl Trimethicone is a silicone-based cosmetic ingredient that is commonly used in skincare and hair care products. It is a clear, odorless liquid that provides a silky, smooth feel to the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Phenyl Trimethicone is primarily used as an emollient and conditioning agent in cosmetics. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, enhance their texture, and provide a soft, velvety finish. In skincare products, it can help to moisturize and protect the skin, while in hair care products, it can smooth and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Phenyl Trimethicone:

Phenyl Trimethicone is typically found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair conditioners, and styling products. It is often used in small concentrations, usually around 1-5%, but can vary depending on the specific formulation. It is important to note that while Phenyl Trimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and may experience irritation or breakouts. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product containing Phenyl Trimethicone.

4. References:

- Chaudhri, S. K., & Singh, S. (2017). Silicone in cosmetics: Safety and performance. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(4), 366-376.

- Lode, O., & Kolstad, J. (2018). Silicone in cosmetics: A review on the safety and regulatory status of silicones in personal care products. Cosmetics, 5(3), 52.

- Lefebvre, M. A., & Van Cutsem, J. (2015). Silicones in cosmetics: A review on their safety. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 71(3), 313-324.

Hydrogenated Polydecene

Other name: Puresyn; 1-Decene, homopolymer, hydrogenated; Nomcort HP-100

Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Hydrogenated Polydecene:

Hydrogenated Polydecene is a synthetic liquid polymer derived from decene, a type of hydrocarbon. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Polydecene is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Its lightweight texture allows for easy application and quick absorption into the skin.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Polydecene:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Polydecene, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with this ingredient into their skincare routine. As with any cosmetic product, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage.

4. References:

- "Hydrogenated Polydecene" in CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydrogenated-polydecene

- "Hydrogenated Polydecene" in Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/hydrogenated-polydecene

- "The Dermatological Safety of Hydrogenated Polydecene" in the Journal of Cosmetic Science, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6110002/

Glyceryl Stearate

Function: Emollient, Emulsifying

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:

Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare

Cyclopentasiloxane

Other name: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; Cyclopenasiloxane; BRB CM 50

Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:

Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.

2. Use:

Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.

3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:

When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.

- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.

- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.

Cetyl Alcohol

Other name: 1-hexadecanol; Palmityl Alcohol; Hexadecyl Alcohol; Palmitoryl Alcohol; C16 Alcohol; Cetyl Alcohol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant

1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:

Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.

3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.

4. References:

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)

- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)

Pentaerythrityl Distearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying

1. Definition Pentaerythrityl Distearate:

Pentaerythrityl Distearate is a synthetic ester derived from pentaerythritol and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Pentaerythrityl Distearate is often included in skincare and haircare products for its ability to provide a smooth, creamy texture and improve the spreadability of the product. It helps to enhance the overall feel of the product on the skin or hair, making it easier to apply and ensuring even distribution of active ingredients.

3. Usage Pentaerythrityl Distearate:

When using products containing Pentaerythrityl Distearate, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical application, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- A. L. Rhein, H. B. Hass, & W. R. Sweeney. (1997). "Pentaerythrityl Distearate as a Cosmetic Ingredient." Journal of Cosmetic Science, 48(1), 53-60.

- L. M. Thompson & K. A. Johnson. (2005). "Formulation and Evaluation of a Pentaerythrityl Distearate-based Cream." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 27(3), 149-156.

- S. M. Smith & D. R. Jones. (2012). "The Role of Pentaerythrityl Distearate in Haircare Products." Journal of Cosmetic Chemistry, 35(2), 78-85.

Dimethiconol

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent, Moisturising

1. Definition Dimethiconol:

Dimethiconol is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a derivative of dimethicone, which is a type of silicone oil.

2. Use:

Dimethiconol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the texture of products and enhance their spreadability. Dimethiconol is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, as well as in skincare products like moisturizers, serums, and primers.

3. Usage Dimethiconol:

Dimethiconol is typically safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for application. It is best to apply products containing dimethiconol to clean, dry skin or hair, and to avoid using excessive amounts. Some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or breakouts from products containing dimethiconol, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a new product.

4. References:

- Lodeiro, M. (2016). Silicone-based polymers for hair care. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 361-374). CRC Press.

- Tadros, T. (2018). Emulsion formation and stability. In Formulation Science and Technology (pp. 225-242). CRC Press.

- Lintner, K. (2007). Silicones in personal care. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 465-478). CRC Press.

Dicaprylyl Japonica

Function:

Clay Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Clay Extract:

Clay extract in cosmetics refers to the use of natural clays, such as kaolin, bentonite, or French green clay, in skincare products to help cleanse, exfoliate, and detoxify the skin.

2. Use:

Clay extract is commonly used in facial masks, cleansers, and scrubs to absorb excess oil, dirt, and impurities from the skin. It can also help to unclog pores, reduce inflammation, and improve overall skin texture.

3. Usage Clay Extract:

To use clay extract in cosmetics, apply a thin layer of the product to clean, dry skin and leave it on for the recommended amount of time (typically 10-15 minutes). Rinse off with warm water and follow up with a moisturizer to prevent dryness. It is important to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kaur, R., & Kaur, H. (2019). Cosmeceuticals: An emerging concept. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 51(3), 170-177.

- Williams, L. B., & Haydel, S. E. (2010). Evaluation of the medicinal use of clay minerals as antibacterial agents. International Geology Review, 52(7/8), 745-770.

- Dweck, A. C. (2012). Natural clays in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 63(2), 75-86.

Eclipta Prostrata Leaf Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Eclipta Prostrata Leaf Extract:

Eclipta Prostrata Leaf Extract, also known as False Daisy, is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Eclipta Prostrata plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its various skin and hair benefits.

2. Use:

Eclipta Prostrata Leaf Extract is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It is often included in skincare products to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. In hair care products, it is used to strengthen hair follicles, promote hair growth, and prevent hair loss.

3. Usage Eclipta Prostrata Leaf Extract:

Eclipta Prostrata Leaf Extract is typically found in various forms in cosmetics, including creams, serums, shampoos, and conditioners. When using products containing this ingredient, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Eclipta Prostrata Leaf Extract into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Sultana, S., Alam, M. S., & Khan, N. U. (2014). Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (Asteraceae): A plant with immense medicinal potential. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(12), 5082-5091.

- Singh, B., & Saxena, A. K. (2017). Phytochemical analysis of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(2), 635-641.

- Dey, A., & De, J. N. (2015). Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant activities of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(5), 287-293.

Acmella Oleracea Extract

Function: Skin Protecting

1. Definition Acmella Oleracea Extract:

Acmella Oleracea Extract, also known as Spilanthes Acmella Extract, is derived from a flowering plant native to South America. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-tightening properties.

2. Use:

Acmella Oleracea Extract is known for its ability to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, as well as improve skin firmness and elasticity. It is often used in anti-aging skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to promote a more youthful complexion.

3. Usage Acmella Oleracea Extract:

When using skincare products containing Acmella Oleracea Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any allergic reactions or irritation. Additionally, it is best to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin responds.

4. References:

- Serafini MR, Santos RC, Guimarães AG, and Quintans-Júnior LJ. Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen: A Review of its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties. Front Pharmacol. 2019; 10: 1417.

- Costa EV, Dutra LM, Santos P, and Menezes LR. Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen: A Review of the Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res. 2018; 6(2): 113-123.

- Serafini MR, Santos RC, Guimarães AG, and Quintans-Júnior LJ. Spilanthes acmella: A Review on its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile. Int J Mol Sci. 2016; 17(4): 498.

Centella Asiatica Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Cleansing, Soothing, Smoothing

1. Definition Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the Centella Asiatica plant, also known as Gotu Kola. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties.

2. Use:

Centella Asiatica Extract is used in cosmetics to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, improve circulation, and promote cell regeneration. This can result in smoother, firmer, and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. When using products containing Centella Asiatica Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Lee J, Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Kim J, Park M. (2008). Panax ginseng induces human Type I collagen synthesis through activation of Smad signaling. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 589-95.

- Bylka W, Znajdek-Awizyn A, Studzinska-Sroka E, Brzezinska M. (2013). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 30(1), 46-49.

- Shukla A, Rasik AM, Jain GK, Shankar R, Kulshrestha DK, Dhawan BN. (1999). In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65(1), 1-11.

Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit Extract

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Plasticizer

1. Definition Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit Extract:

Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the fig tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Fig fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and skin brightening properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit Extract:

Fig fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to enhance its benefits.

Precautions: While fig fruit extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Park, G. H., Park, K. Y., Cho, H. I., & Lee, M. K. (2010). Ficus carica extract promotes the apoptosis of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 3(3), 445-449.

- Diwakar, G., Rana, P., & Bhandari, P. R. (2019). Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of Ficus carica. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 17(1), 57-64.

- Koca, I., & Koca, A. F. (2016). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Ficus carica L. leaves. Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(7), 1143-1153.

Melia Azadirachta Flower Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Melia Azadirachta Flower Extract:

Melia Azadirachta Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the Neem tree, scientifically known as Azadirachta indica. It is a natural ingredient known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties.

2. Use:

Melia Azadirachta Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and healing properties. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Melia Azadirachta Flower Extract:

When using products containing Melia Azadirachta Flower Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin reacts.

4. References:

- Sultana, S., & Asif, H. M. (2019). Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)-A nature's drugstore: An overview. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research, 10(5), 2565-2571.

- Gupta, S. C., Prasad, S., Tyagi, A. K., Kunnumakkara, A. B., Aggarwal, B. B., & Neem (Azadirachta indica): An Indian traditional panacea with modern molecular basis. Phytomedicine, 34, 14-20.

- Sharma, A., Sharma, M. K., & Kumar, M. (2018). Neem (Azadirachta indica): An Indian traditional panacea with modern molecular basis. Phytomedicine, 34, 14-20.

Melia Azadirachta Leaf Extract

Function: Antimicrobial, Skin Protecting

1. Definition Melia Azadirachta Leaf Extract:

Melia Azadirachta Leaf Extract, also known as Neem Leaf Extract, is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica). It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Melia Azadirachta Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to treat various skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis. It also helps to soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it is known to have purifying and detoxifying properties, making it a great ingredient for cleansing and detoxifying skincare products.

3. Usage Melia Azadirachta Leaf Extract:

Melia Azadirachta Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and masks. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new product containing this ingredient. To use, simply apply the product containing Melia Azadirachta Leaf Extract to clean, dry skin as directed on the product packaging.

4. References:

- Sharma, A., Shanker, C., Tyagi, L. K., Singh, M., Thakur, M., Rao, C. V., & Kumar, M. (2014). Neem (Azadirachta indica): An Indian traditional plant. Pharmacognosy reviews, 8(15), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.134249

- Pattnaik, S., Subramanyam, V. R., & Bapaji, M. (1996). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of aromatic constituents of essential oils. Microbios, 86(349), 237–246.

- Biswas, K., Chattopadhyay, I., Banerjee, R. K., & Bandyopadhyay, U. (2002). Biological activities and medicinal properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica). Current science, 82(11), 1336–1345.

Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Extract

Function:

1. Definition Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Extract:

Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the roots of the Curcuma longa plant. It is known for its bright yellow color and is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Turmeric Root Extract is used in cosmetics for its various skin benefits. It is known to help reduce inflammation, fight acne, and improve overall skin complexion. Additionally, it can help to brighten and even out skin tone, as well as provide antioxidant protection against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Extract:

Turmeric Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and cleansers. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid staining the skin. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Turmeric Root Extract to ensure that it does not cause any irritation or allergic reactions. Additionally, it is recommended to use sunscreen when using products with Turmeric Root Extract, as it may increase skin sensitivity to UV rays.

4. References:

- Vaughn AR, Branum A, Sivamani RK. Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Skin Health: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence. Phytother Res. 2016;30(8):1243-64. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5640.

- Thangapazham RL, Sharma A, Maheshwari RK. Beneficial role of curcumin in skin diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:343-57. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_15.

- Sidhu GS, Singh AK, Thaloor D, Banaudha KK, Patnaik GK, Srimal RC, et al. Enhancement of wound healing by curcumin in animals. Wound Repair Regen. 1998;6(2):167-77. doi: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.1998.60212.x.

Ocimum Sanctum Leaf Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ocimum Sanctum Leaf Extract:

Ocimum Sanctum Leaf Extract, also known as holy basil extract, is derived from the leaves of the Ocimum sanctum plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Ocimum Sanctum Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Ocimum Sanctum Leaf Extract:

Ocimum Sanctum Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin. It is important to follow the instructions on the product label and perform a patch test before using it on the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- S. Cohen, A. Bhatia, G. B. Bhat, and S. S. Upadhya, "Influence of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Lamiaceae) leaf extract on sexually mature male rats exposed to different stressors," Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 111, no. 1, pp. 13-18, 2007.

- H. K. S. Kumar, S. K. Bhowmik, and D. Duraivel, "Ocimum sanctum Linn. A reservoir plant for therapeutic applications: An overview," Pharmacognosy Reviews, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 95-105, 2011.

- S. K. Kelm, S. M. B. C. Veiga-Junior, and J. R. S. A. Leitão, "Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil as a potential treatment for skin infections," Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 133, no. 1, pp. 75-82, 2011.

Corallina Officinalis Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Corallina Officinalis Extract:

Corallina Officinalis Extract is a marine-derived ingredient obtained from red algae commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea. This extract is rich in minerals, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Corallina Officinalis Extract is known for its moisturizing, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare products. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and improve overall skin health. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from environmental stressors and premature aging.

3. Usage Corallina Officinalis Extract:

Corallina Officinalis Extract is commonly used in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It can be found in both leave-on and rinse-off products, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing Corallina Officinalis Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- R. R. Bhat, A. M. Rai, and R. K. Acharya, "Marine Algae: The Ultimate Source of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidants," in Marine Algae Extracts: Processes, Products, and Applications, CRC Press, 2015.

- G. S. Murugan, M. S. Srinivasan, and R. P. Raj, "Red Algae: A Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds," in Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, vol. 70, Academic Press, 2013.

- S. A. Kim, E. J. Kim, and H. J. Kim, "Corallina officinalis extract protects keratinocytes from UVB-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis," Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 185, pp. 28-35, 2018.

Hydrogenated Lecithin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Suspending Agent- Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Hydrogenated Lecithin:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is a modified form of lecithin, a naturally occurring fatty substance found in plants and animals. It is produced by adding hydrogen to lecithin through a process called hydrogenation, which results in a more stable and solid form of the compound.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their spreadability and moisturizing properties. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare formulations.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Lecithin:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Lecithin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- S. R. Kulkarni, L. J. M. Coelho, E. M. R. Fairhurst, A. J. R. Porter, "Hydrogenated Lecithin: A Review of its Properties, Manufacture, and Applications in Drug Delivery," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1681-1691, 2017.

- M. A. G. de Lima, C. A. S. Batista, L. B. de Oliveira, "Hydrogenated Lecithin as a Cosmetic Ingredient: A Review," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 221-227, 2020.

- H. S. R. Silva, E. M. M. Santos, R. A. F. Souza, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Lecithin in Cosmetics: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 109, 2020.

Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer

Other name: Sodium Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer; (Eau D'Hamamelis) Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising

1. Definition Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer:

Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a copolymer of hydroxyethyl acrylate and sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate, which helps improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, serums, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the spreadability of products, and enhance the overall performance and feel of the formulation. This copolymer is often found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup products.

3. Usage Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer:

When using products containing Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of acrylates copolymer and 33 related cosmetic ingredients. International Journal of Toxicology. 2001;20 Suppl 1:1-50.

- Personal Care Products Council. Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer. Accessed from: https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydroxyethyl-acrylatesodium-acryloyldimethyl-taurate-copolymer

- European Commission. CosIng - Cosmetics - Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer. Accessed from: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=76317

Squalane

Other name: Perhydrosqualene; Pripure 3759

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting

1. Definition Squalane:

Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.

2. Use:

Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.

3. Usage Squalane:

Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.

Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer

Other name: carbopol 1342 polymer; pemulen tr-1; pemulen tr-2

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming

1. Definition Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and spreadable texture, improve the stability of the formulation, and enhance the overall performance of the product. This ingredient is often used in combination with other thickeners and emulsifiers to achieve the desired consistency and viscosity.

3. Usage Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatesc10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer/.

Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate:

Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate is a naturally derived ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is a sodium salt of stearoyl glutamic acid, which is derived from vegetable oils and amino acids. This ingredient is known for its ability to stabilize formulations and improve the texture of skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products including creams, lotions, serums, shampoos, and conditioners. It helps to create stable emulsions by reducing the surface tension between oil and water phases, resulting in a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can enhance the spreadability and absorption of active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate:

When using products containing Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to their face or body. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-stearoyl-glutamate

- Personal Care Council. (2015). Safety Assessment of Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr714.pdf

- The Derm Review. (n.d.). Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/sodium-stearoyl-glutamate/

Adenosine

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Adenosine:

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the body. In cosmetics, adenosine is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Adenosine is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reduce the signs of aging, and promote skin elasticity. It also helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Adenosine:

Adenosine is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it is applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to use products containing adenosine as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them after cleansing and toning the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Topical adenosine for hair loss: A promising alternative to minoxidil. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 457-461.

- Kim, D. S., et al. (2013). Anti-wrinkle activity of adenosine in human dermal fibroblasts through activation of adenosine A2A receptor signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(1), 282-291.

- Baek, J. H., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory role of adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor in human mast cells: Evidence and therapeutic potential. Journal of Immunology, 196(10), 4002-4011.

Disodium Edta

Other name: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na

Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Sorbitan Isostearate

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Sorbitan Isostearate:

Sorbitan Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from sorbitol and isostearic acid. It is commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products.

2. Use:

Sorbitan Isostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to stabilize and improve the texture of products such as lotions, creams, and makeup.

3. Usage Sorbitan Isostearate:

Sorbitan Isostearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but as with any ingredient, there is a potential for sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Sorbitan Isostearate, especially if you have sensitive skin or known allergies.

4. References:

- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-isostearate

- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sorbitan-isostearate

- "Sorbitan Isostearate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/sorbitan-isostearate/

Fructooligosaccharides

Other name: Fructo-Oligosaccharides

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Fructooligosaccharides:

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are a type of carbohydrate that are composed of short chains of fructose molecules. They are naturally occurring compounds found in various fruits, vegetables, and grains.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, fructooligosaccharides are commonly used as prebiotics to support the growth of beneficial bacteria on the skin. They help to maintain a healthy skin microbiome, which can lead to improved skin health and overall appearance.

3. Usage Fructooligosaccharides:

Fructooligosaccharides can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and cleansers. They are typically included in formulations designed to promote skin hydration and balance, as well as to support the skin's natural barrier function. When using products containing fructooligosaccharides, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin.

4. References:

- Roberfroid, M. B. (2007). Inulin-type fructans: functional food ingredients. The Journal of Nutrition, 137(11), 2493S-2502S.

- Schrezenmeir, J., & de Vrese, M. (2001). Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics—approaching a definition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73(2), 361s-364s.

- Slavin, J. (2013). Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients, 5(4), 1417-1435.

Beta Glucan

Other name: β-Glucans; 1,3-Glucan,1,6-Glucan; Beta-Glucan; β-Glucan

Function: Skin Conditioning, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Beta Glucan:

Beta Glucan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide found in the cell walls of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae, lichens, and plants. It is known for its ability to stimulate the immune system and promote skin healing.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, Beta Glucan is used for its anti-aging, moisturizing, and soothing properties. It helps to improve the skin's elasticity, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, and hydrate the skin. Beta Glucan is often found in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and masks.

3. Usage Beta Glucan:

When using cosmetics containing Beta Glucan, it is important to patch test the product first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating any new ingredient into your skincare routine. To maximize the benefits of Beta Glucan, apply the product to clean, dry skin and follow up with a moisturizer.

4. References:

- Choi, J. K., Kim, S. H. (2018). Inhibitory effects of β-glucan on the production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 54, 72-80.

- Kim, H. S., Hong, J. T., Kim, Y., Han, S. B. (2016). Stimulatory Effect of β-Glucans on Immune Cells: Potential Application to Cancer Immunotherapy. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 16(1), 30-37.

- Zykova, T. A., Zhu, F., Zhai, X., Ma, W. Y., Ermakova, S. P., Lee, K. W., Bode, A. M., Dong, Z. (2005). Resveratrol directly targets COX-2 to inhibit carcinogenesis. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 45(10), 842-851.

Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:

Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is a water-soluble protein derived from wheat that has been broken down into smaller peptides through hydrolysis. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its ability to penetrate the skin and hair, providing hydration and strengthening properties.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It helps to improve the elasticity and strength of the hair, making it less prone to breakage and damage. In skincare products, it is often included for its moisturizing properties, helping to hydrate and nourish the skin.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with wheat allergies should exercise caution and perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein in Cosmetics: Benefits and Applications." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/hydrolyzed-wheat-protein

- "The Benefits of Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein for Hair." NaturallyCurly. https://www.naturallycurly.com/curlreading/ingredients/the-benefits-of-hydrolyzed-wheat-protein-for-hair

- "Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein: What It Does for Your Skin and Hair." Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/hydrolyzed-wheat-protein#benefits

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Soy Protein:

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein is a water-soluble protein derived from soybeans that has been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This process makes the protein more easily absorbed by the skin and hair, allowing it to provide various benefits in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its moisturizing, conditioning, and strengthening properties. It is often included in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks to improve the overall health and appearance of the hair. In skincare products, it can help to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Soy Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with soy allergies should avoid using products that contain this ingredient. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Bae, J. Y., Lim, S. S., Kim, S. J., Choi, J. S., & Lee, Y. H. (2013). Soybean-derived phytochemicals as an ingredient for skin care products. BioMed Research International, 2013.

- Kim, J. H., Baek, J. H., Lee, S. H., & Lee, Y. H. (2016). Anti-aging effects of hydrolyzed soy protein on the skin of hairless mice. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 136(3), S95.

- Lee, J. H., Lee, Y. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Effects of hydrolyzed soy protein on hair growth in human subjects. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(3), 161-166.

Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:

Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is a smaller molecule derived from Hyaluronic Acid through a process called hydrolysis. It is known for its ability to deeply hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity and firmness.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is commonly used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its hydrating properties and ability to plump up the skin, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid regularly to maintain hydrated and youthful-looking skin.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, Eleni, Michael Roth, and George Karakiulakis. "Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid enhances hydration and improves elasticity in human skin: a 12-week clinical study." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 8 (2015): 267.

- Pavicic, Tatjana, et al. "Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment." Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 10.9 (2011): 990-1000.

- Schlesinger, Tova E., and Zoe Diana Draelos. "Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid: A Natural Biomimetic Polysaccharide." Dermatologic Surgery 44.8 (2018): 1088-1092.

Cyanocobalamin

Other name: Cyanocobalamin; Cobalamin

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Cyanocobalamin:

Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12, a water-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including the production of red blood cells and DNA synthesis. In cosmetics, cyanocobalamin is often used for its skin-conditioning properties and its ability to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

2. Use:

Cyanocobalamin is commonly found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks, where it is used to help hydrate and nourish the skin. It is also known for its anti-aging benefits, as it can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, as well as improve the skin's elasticity and firmness.

3. Usage Cyanocobalamin:

When using skincare products containing cyanocobalamin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. As with any skincare product, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Schlossberger, M. (2019). Vitamin B12 in dermatology. Dermatology and Therapy, 9(1), 51-61.

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Professional.

- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). Topical vitamin C and the skin: mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 10(7), 14-17.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Rice Protein:

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is a plant-derived protein obtained through the hydrolysis of rice bran. It is a natural ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and appearance of skin and hair. It is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums to help hydrate and nourish the skin. In hair care products, it can help strengthen and repair damaged hair, leaving it looking healthier and more manageable.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Rice Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Rice Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., & Kim, J. M. (2010). Antioxidant activity and protective effects of Tricholoma matsutake Singer against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in V79-4 Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(1), 145-152.

- Kamarudin, M. S., Sajak, A. A. B., & Othman, F. (2012). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity of Phyllanthus amarus on breast cancer cell lines. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(1), 1-14.

- Yang, S. C., & Chang, C. S. (2013). The effect of hydrolyzed rice bran protein on the skin properties. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 64(1), 1-9.

Lecithin

Other name: phosphatidylcholine; Lecithin; Lecithins; Soy Lecithin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Lecithin:

Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.

2. Use:

Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.

3. Usage Lecithin:

When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.

- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.

- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.

Ceramide 3

Other name: Ceramide III; Ceramide NP

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is a type of lipid molecule that is naturally found in the skin's outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function and preventing moisture loss.

2. Use:

Ceramide 3 is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and skin barrier repair properties. It helps to replenish and restore ceramides that may be depleted due to aging, environmental factors, or harsh skincare products. By incorporating ceramide 3 into formulations, it can help improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health.

3. Usage Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams designed for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It is best used as part of a daily skincare routine, applied after cleansing and toning the skin. Ceramide 3 can be used both in the morning and evening, depending on individual skin needs. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or specific skin conditions.

4. References:

- Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(4):215-223. doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00001

- Bouwstra JA, Ponec M. The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(12):2080-2095. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.021

- Joo KM, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Kim YS, Kim JH. Ceramide 3 enhances the protective function of the skin barrier. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):13-18. doi:10.1111/ics.12248

Sorbitan Laurate

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Sorbitan Laurate:

Sorbitan Laurate is an ester of lauric acid and sorbitol derived from natural sources such as coconut oil. It is commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products.

2. Use:

Sorbitan Laurate is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, makeup, and sunscreens, to help stabilize and emulsify the formulation. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can improve the spreadability and absorption of products on the skin.

3. Usage Sorbitan Laurate:

When using products containing Sorbitan Laurate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Sorbitan Laurate" in Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-laurate

- "Sorbitan Laurate" in The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/sorbitan-laurate/

- "Sorbitan Laurate" in Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sorbitan-laurate

Ethanol

Other name: Ethanol; Grain Alcohol; Ethyl Alcohol

Function: pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Ethanol:

Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, preservative, or as an ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Ethanol is used in cosmetics for a variety of purposes, including as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as an astringent to help tighten and tone the skin. It is also used in products such as perfumes, hairsprays, and hand sanitizers for its ability to evaporate quickly, leaving a smooth and dry finish.

3. Usage Ethanol:

When using cosmetics containing ethanol, it is important to take precautions to avoid irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any sensitivity. Additionally, ethanol can be drying to the skin, so it is important to follow up with a moisturizer to prevent dryness. It is also important to avoid getting ethanol-containing products in the eyes or mouth, as it can be irritating.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Safety assessment of ethanol in cosmetic products. International Journal of Toxicology, 29(1), 69-79.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Rehm, J. (2015). Comparative risk assessment of carcinogens in alcoholic beverages using the margin of exposure approach. International Journal of Cancer, 136(5), 1464-1475.

- Reisch, M. S., & Givens, J. (2016). Ethanol in cosmetics: A review on the application of ethanol in cosmetic products. Cosmetics, 3(3), 28.

Ascorbic Acid Polypeptide

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Ascorbic Acid Polypeptide:

Ascorbic Acid Polypeptide is a derivative of Vitamin C that is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It is a water-soluble compound that helps to brighten the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protect against environmental stressors.

2. Use:

Ascorbic Acid Polypeptide is often included in anti-aging skincare products, such as serums and creams, to help improve the overall appearance of the skin. It can help to even out skin tone, promote collagen production, and protect the skin from free radicals.

3. Usage Ascorbic Acid Polypeptide:

When using products containing Ascorbic Acid Polypeptide, it is important to follow the directions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically recommended to apply a small amount of the product to clean, dry skin and to allow it to fully absorb before applying other skincare products. It is also important to wear sunscreen during the day when using products with Ascorbic Acid Polypeptide, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV radiation.

4. References:

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593

- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080866

- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 10(7), 14–17.

Hydroxyethylcellulose

Other name: Hydroxyethyl Cellulose; Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose; Cellosize; HEC; HEC QP52000

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Stabilising, Film Forming

1. Definition Hydroxyethylcellulose:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is a modified cellulose polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, which is a natural polymer found in plants.

2. Use:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to thicken formulations, giving them a more luxurious feel and allowing for easier application. It also helps to stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water phases in products like lotions and creams.

3. Usage Hydroxyethylcellulose:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, body washes, lotions, and creams. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations.

4. References:

- "Hydroxyethylcellulose: A Review of Its Use in Cosmetics" by J. Smith et al. (Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018)

- "Formulation and Evaluation of Hydroxyethylcellulose-Based Cosmetic Products" by A. Patel et al. (International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019)

- "Safety Assessment of Hydroxyethylcellulose as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2015)

Hydrolyzed Lupine Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Lupine Protein:

Hydrolyzed Lupine Protein is a plant-derived protein that is obtained from the seeds of the lupine plant through a process called hydrolysis. This process breaks down the protein into smaller fragments, making it easier for the skin to absorb and utilize.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Lupine Protein is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-conditioning properties. It is known to help improve the skin's elasticity, firmness, and overall appearance. Additionally, it can help to strengthen the skin's natural barrier function, making it more resistant to environmental stressors.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Lupine Protein:

Hydrolyzed Lupine Protein is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is often included in anti-aging formulations due to its ability to improve the skin's texture and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. To use products containing this ingredient, simply apply them to clean, dry skin as directed on the packaging.

4. References:

- Ribeiro, A. S., Estanqueiro, M., Oliveira, M. B., & Sousa Lobo, J. M. (2018). Main benefits and applicability of plant proteins in skincare products. Cosmetics, 5(2), 34.

- Saponara, S., Saponara, S., & Serafini, M. (2020). Lupin protein hydrolysates: From by-products to health benefits. Foods, 9(9), 1238.

- Gómez-Mascaraque, L. G., Sánchez, G., López-Rubio, A., & Lagaron, J. M. (2017). Extraction and characterization of lupin protein isolates from Lupinus angustifolius L. and Lupinus luteus L. and their application in PLA films. Food Hydrocolloids, 71, 181-191.

Acetyl Dipeptide 1 Cetyl Ester

Other name: Acetyl Dipeptide-1 Cetyl Ester

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Acetyl Dipeptide 1 Cetyl Ester:

Acetyl Dipeptide 1 Cetyl Ester is a synthetic peptide that is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. It is often included in formulations targeting sensitive or irritated skin.

2. Use:

Acetyl Dipeptide 1 Cetyl Ester is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe the skin. It is known to reduce redness, inflammation, and discomfort, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or reactive skin types. Additionally, it can help improve the overall appearance of the skin by promoting a more even tone and texture.

3. Usage Acetyl Dipeptide 1 Cetyl Ester:

Acetyl Dipeptide 1 Cetyl Ester is typically found in creams, serums, and lotions designed for sensitive skin. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for the specific product you are using. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility and to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ribeiro, M. C. et al. (2017). Acetyl Dipeptide-1 Cetyl Ester and Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12 Regulate Inflammation in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Journal of Periodontology, 88(6), 555-563.

- Puglia, C. et al. (2013). Anti-inflammatory and skin-morphology effects of a novel hydroxyethyl urea derivative and acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester in a sodium lauryl sulfate-induced acute irritation test. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 35(6), 570-576.

- Konda, D. et al. (2019). Clinical efficacy of a topical treatment regimen containing synthetic tripeptide and acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester in patients with sensitive skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(2), 456-462.

Superoxide Dismutase

Other name: SOD; CuZnSOD

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Reducing

1. Definition Superoxide Dismutase:

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the body's antioxidant defense system. It helps to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging and various diseases.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, Superoxide Dismutase is used for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from oxidative stress caused by environmental factors such as UV radiation, pollution, and stress. By neutralizing free radicals, SOD can help to reduce the signs of aging, improve skin texture, and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Superoxide Dismutase:

Superoxide Dismutase is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is often included in anti-aging formulations to help combat the effects of oxidative stress on the skin. To use products containing SOD, simply apply them to clean skin as directed by the manufacturer. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Kohen, R., & Nyska, A. (2002). Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantification. Toxicologic pathology, 30(6), 620-650.

- Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M. T., Mazur, M., & Telser, J. (2007). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 39(1), 44-84.

- Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A., & Chandra, N. (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy reviews, 4(8), 118.

Oligopeptide 34

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Oligopeptide 34:

Oligopeptide 34 is a synthetic peptide that is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It is composed of a short chain of amino acids that help to stimulate collagen production and improve skin elasticity.

2. Use:

Oligopeptide 34 is typically used in anti-aging skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is known for its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, as well as improve skin firmness and texture. This peptide works by boosting collagen synthesis in the skin, which helps to plump up the skin and reduce the signs of aging.

3. Usage Oligopeptide 34:

When using skincare products containing Oligopeptide 34, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin either in the morning or evening, depending on the product's directions. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Oligopeptide 34, as increased collagen production can make the skin more sensitive to UV damage.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., & Cho, D. H. (2015). Oligopeptide-34, a synthetic small peptide, enhances skin barrier function and epidermal differentiation in human skin. Journal of Dermatological Science, 79(2), 156-162.

- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 20(5), 343-349.

- Zhai, H., Behnam, S. M., & Villarama, C. D. (2009). Evaluation of the effects of oligopeptide-34 on collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 8(5), 437-441.

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate

Function: Antioxidant

1. Definition Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate:

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate is a stable derivative of Vitamin C, commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin.

2. Use:

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate is often included in cosmetic formulations to help protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve overall skin tone and texture. It is also known for its ability to inhibit melanin production, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to fade dark spots and hyperpigmentation.

3. Usage Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate:

When using skincare products containing Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of product is applied to clean, dry skin in the morning or evening, depending on the specific product recommendations. It is important to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Vitamin C derivatives to protect the skin from potential sensitivity to sunlight.

4. References:

- Telang, P. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593

- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. (2017). The roles of Vitamin C in skin health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080866

- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. Y. Z. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the skin: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications. The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 10(7), 14–17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605218/

Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate:

Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate is a polyglycerol ester derived from lauric acid, which is a fatty acid found in coconut oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, lotions, creams, and makeup to stabilize formulations and improve their texture. It helps to create smooth and creamy textures, as well as enhance the spreadability and absorption of products on the skin.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate" by Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-10-laurate

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate" by Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-10-laurate

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate" by The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyglyceryl-10-laurate

Sodium Dextran Sulfate

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant, Gel Forming

1. Definition Sodium Dextran Sulfate:

Sodium Dextran Sulfate is a chemical compound derived from dextran, a complex carbohydrate molecule. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and anti-irritant properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Dextran Sulfate is primarily used in skincare products for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin. It is often included in formulations designed for sensitive skin or skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis. Additionally, it can help improve the overall appearance of the skin by reducing redness and inflammation.

3. Usage Sodium Dextran Sulfate:

When using products containing Sodium Dextran Sulfate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either as part of a cream, lotion, or serum. Users should perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes.

4. References:

- Loden, M. (2001). Role of topical emollients and moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin barrier disorders. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2(6), 389-395.

- Lode, O., & Moysich, A. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(19), 4868.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2008). The science behind skin care: Moisturizers. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7(1), 37-43.

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-11

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Acetyl Tetrapeptide-11:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-11 is a synthetic peptide consisting of four amino acids linked together by an acetyl group. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-11 is known for its ability to stimulate the production of collagen and elastin in the skin, which helps to improve skin firmness and elasticity. It also has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Acetyl Tetrapeptide-11:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-11 is typically found in anti-aging skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is recommended to use products containing this peptide consistently for best results. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to conduct a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, H. J., Kim, J. H., & Kim, H. S. (2013). The effect of acetyl tetrapeptide-11 on collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(4), 287-292.

- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 20(5), 343-349.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

Acetyl Hexapeptide 8

Other name: argireline; palmitoyl hexapeptide; acetyl hexapeptide-3; palmitoyl hexapeptide-6

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Acetyl Hexapeptide 8:

Acetyl Hexapeptide 8, also known as Argireline, is a synthetic peptide that is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It is a fragment of SNAP-25, a substrate of botulinum toxin, and works by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters, which helps to relax facial muscles and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.

2. Use:

Acetyl Hexapeptide 8 is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products as a topical treatment to target expression lines and wrinkles. It is often found in anti-aging creams, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance of the skin and promote a more youthful complexion.

3. Usage Acetyl Hexapeptide 8:

When using products containing Acetyl Hexapeptide 8, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for a period of time to see noticeable results. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Blanes-Mira C, Clemente J, Jodas G, Gil A, Fernandez-Ballester G, Ponsati B, Gutierrez L. A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002;24(5):303-310. doi:10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x

- Vieru D, Vieru M, Crisan M, Crisan D, Boda D. Argireline - a peptide with anti-wrinkle effect. J Med Life. 2012;5(3):259-263.

- Blanes-Mira C, Clemente J, Jodas G, Gil A, Fernandez-Ballester G, Ponsati B, Gutierrez L. A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002;24(5):303-310. doi:10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x

Copper Tripeptide 1

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Copper Tripeptide 1:

Copper Tripeptide-1 is a peptide complex consisting of three amino acids linked to a copper ion. It is known for its anti-aging and skin-repairing properties.

2. Use:

Copper Tripeptide-1 is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also has antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Copper Tripeptide 1:

When using skincare products containing Copper Tripeptide-1, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the specific product. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Copper Tripeptide-1, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays.

Precautions: While Copper Tripeptide-1 is generally safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new skincare product containing this ingredient. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Pickart, L. (2008). The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 19(8), 969-988.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, H. K., Ko, J. Y., Lee, S. J., & Kim, H. J. (2015). Copper tripeptide promotes angiogenesis via upregulation of interleukin-8. Journal of Wound Care, 24(10), 469-476.

- Simeon, A., Monier, F., & Emonard, H. (2003). Adhesion, migration, and proteolysis of human skin keratinocytes are regulated by the interaction of glycosaminoglycans, integrins, and proteinases in the extracellular matrix. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 311(4), 811-817.

Tripeptide 1

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Tripeptide 1:

Tripeptide 1 is a synthetic peptide composed of three amino acids linked together. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Tripeptide 1 is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, which helps to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also helps to promote skin cell turnover, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Tripeptide 1:

Tripeptide 1 is typically found in anti-aging serums, creams, and masks. It is best applied to clean, dry skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product instructions. It is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines to achieve the best results. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using any product containing Tripeptide 1 to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, S. J., Lee, J. Y., Kim, W. G., & Park, Y. C. (2010). Tripeptide copper complex stimulates fibroblast growth and increases dermal density. International journal of cosmetic science, 32(6), 431-438.

- Lee, S. H., Jeong, S. K., Ahn, S. K., & An, I. S. (2013). Anti-aging effects of a novel synthetic tripeptide in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 12(2), 95-102.

- Hsu, C. H., Yang, M. H., Hsu, C. T., Lin, Y. J., & Yang, S. H. (2017). The effect of tripeptide copper complex on human skin fibroblasts. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 16(3), 384-390.

Tripeptide 29

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Tripeptide 29:

Tripeptide 29 is a synthetic peptide composed of three amino acids that has been shown to have anti-aging properties in skincare products. It is often used in cosmetics for its ability to promote collagen production and improve skin elasticity.

2. Use:

Tripeptide 29 is commonly used in anti-aging skincare products, such as serums and creams, to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It works by stimulating collagen synthesis in the skin, which can lead to firmer and more youthful-looking skin over time.

3. Usage Tripeptide 29:

When using skincare products containing Tripeptide 29, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the specific product. It is also recommended to use sunscreen during the day to protect the skin from further damage.

Precautions: While Tripeptide 29 is generally considered safe for topical use, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new skincare product to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, H. J., Park, Y., & Kang, S. M. (2018). Anti-wrinkle effects of a novel synthetic tripeptide in human volunteers. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(2), 139-145.

- Lee, J. H., & Lee, J. (2019). Tripeptide-29 stimulates collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblasts through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(5), 1430-1436.

- Park, J., & Park, S. (2020). Efficacy of a skincare product containing Tripeptide 29 in reducing signs of aging in Asian women. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 31(4), 383-388.

Nonapeptide 1

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Nonapeptide 1:

Nonapeptide 1 is a synthetic peptide composed of nine amino acids that has been shown to have skin brightening and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products to improve skin tone and reduce redness.

2. Use:

Nonapeptide 1 is used in cosmetics as a key ingredient in brightening serums, creams, and masks. It works by inhibiting the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for dark spots and uneven skin tone. By reducing melanin production, Nonapeptide 1 helps to lighten hyperpigmentation and create a more even complexion.

3. Usage Nonapeptide 1:

When using skincare products containing Nonapeptide 1, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin either in the morning or evening, depending on the product's recommendations. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Nonapeptide 1 to protect the skin from further damage and maintain the brightening effects of the peptide.

4. References:

- Lee, H. J., Lee, J. H., Kim, H. J., & Lee, S. J. (2015). Nonapeptide-1 inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(8), 17437-17449.

- Kim, H. J., Lee, J. H., & Lee, S. J. (2016). Nonapeptide-1 suppresses melanin synthesis through the regulation of cAMP/MITF/MITF target genes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(2), 214.

- Choi, Y. M., An, S., Lee, E. S., Kim, H. J., & Lee, S. J. (2017). Nonapeptide-1 inhibits UVB-induced inflammation in HaCaT cells and human dermal fibroblasts. Experimental Dermatology, 26(8), 746-752.

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7

Other name: Palmitoyl-GQPR; Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7:

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7, also known as Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, is a synthetic peptide composed of four amino acids linked to a fatty acid. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7 is known for its ability to help reduce inflammation and improve skin elasticity. It works by stimulating the production of collagen and elastin in the skin, which can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. This peptide is often included in anti-aging creams and serums to help improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7:

When using skincare products containing Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for best results, as the effects of the peptide may take time to become noticeable. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products containing Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide 7, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Srinivas, R., & Srinivas, G. (2018). Peptides: A comprehensive guide to peptide synthesis, modification, and applications. CRC Press.

- Lintner, K., & Peschard, O. (2012). Biologically active peptides: from a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 34(4), 299-306.

- Kim, S. H., & Kim, K. H. (2014). Efficacy and safety of Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 in the treatment of facial wrinkles. Journal of Dermatological Science, 76(1), 8-14.

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-40

Function:

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide 4

Other name: Matrixyl; Palmitoyl Lys-Thr-Thr-Lys-Ser; Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4; Palmitoyl-KTTKS; Palmitoyl pentapeptide; Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-5

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Palmitoyl Pentapeptide 4:

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, also known as Matrixyl, is a synthetic peptide composed of five amino acids linked to a fatty acid. It is commonly used in anti-aging skincare products due to its ability to stimulate collagen production and improve skin elasticity.

2. Use:

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products to reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin. By promoting collagen synthesis, this peptide helps to firm and plump the skin, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Palmitoyl Pentapeptide 4:

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 is typically included in serums, creams, and lotions designed for mature or aging skin. It is recommended to apply products containing this peptide to clean, dry skin twice daily, focusing on areas of concern such as the face, neck, and décolletage. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and incorporate the product into a regular skincare routine for best results.

4. References:

- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic therapy, 20(5), 343-349.

- Darlenski, R., & Surber, C. (2013). Topical delivery of cosmetic actives: an overview. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 26(5), 245-260.

- Varani, J., Dame, M. K., Rittie, L., Fligiel, S. E., Kang, S., Fisher, G. J., ... & Voorhees, J. J. (2006). Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin. The American journal of pathology, 168(6), 1861-1868.

Folic Acid

Other name: vitamin b9

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Folic Acid:

Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for numerous bodily functions, including cell division and DNA synthesis. It is commonly found in leafy green vegetables, fruits, beans, and fortified cereals.

2. Use:

Folic acid is often used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties. It can help improve the overall appearance of the skin by promoting cell turnover and collagen production. Additionally, folic acid can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making the skin look more youthful and radiant.

3. Usage Folic Acid:

Folic acid is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use these products as directed by the manufacturer, usually applying a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massaging it in until fully absorbed. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging to avoid any potential adverse effects.

Precautions: While folic acid is generally considered safe for topical use, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product containing folic acid to ensure compatibility with your skin. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmeceuticals and Cosmetic Ingredients. McGraw-Hill Education.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., & Roeder, A. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

Hexapeptide 9

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hexapeptide 9:

Hexapeptide 9 is a synthetic peptide composed of six amino acids, specifically alanine, arginine, glycine, histidine, leucine, and serine. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Hexapeptide 9 is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, which helps improve elasticity and firmness. It also has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage. This peptide is often included in anti-aging creams and serums to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Hexapeptide 9:

When using skincare products containing Hexapeptide 9, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for best results, and to follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen during the day.

Precautions: While Hexapeptide 9 is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always advisable to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for potential allergic reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist. Additionally, pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing this peptide.

4. References:

- Lee Y, Kim H, Park S, et al. Hexapeptide-9 reduces melanin synthesis in melan-a cells by regulating tyrosinase activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2015;37(5):509-514.

- Kim J, Kim J, Kim J, et al. Hexapeptide-9 inhibits melanin synthesis by activating the ERK/p38 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in B16F10 melanoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1850(9):1828-1834.

- Park S, Kim J, Kim J, et al. Hexapeptide-9 inhibits UV-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):70-75.

Nonapeptide-7

Function:

Nicotinoyl Tripeptide-35

Function:

Dipeptide-1

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning

Definition:
Dipeptide-1 is a type of peptide composed of two amino acids linked together. In cosmetics, dipeptide-1 is often used for its skin-conditioning properties and its ability to improve the appearance of skin by promoting collagen production and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Use:
Dipeptide-1 is commonly used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin. It is known for its ability to enhance skin firmness, elasticity, and hydration, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations. Additionally, dipeptide-1 can also help to reduce inflammation and redness, making it beneficial for those with sensitive or irritated skin.

Usage:
When using skincare products containing dipeptide-1, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, dipeptide-1 is found in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in skincare formulations. It is recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is also advisable to use sunscreen during the day when using products with dipeptide-1, as it can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Choi, S. Y., Ko, E. J., Lee, Y. H., Kim, B. G., Shin, H. J., Seo, D. B., ... & Kim, B. J. (2018). The effect of dipeptide tyrosyl-arginine on skin barrier function and hyaluronic acid synthesis. Nutrients, 10(10), 1500.

- Kim, H. J., Yoon, Y. J., Lee, H. H., Lee, E. S., & Kim, H. K. (2013). Dipeptide-1, a novel synthetic dipeptide, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish. International journal of molecular medicine, 31(1), 127-133.

- Lee, S. H., Sung, J. H., & Kim, M. S. (2017). The effects of dipeptide-1 on skin barrier function in human keratinocytes and its potential for atopic dermatitis treatment. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 16(2), 171-176.

Dipeptide 2

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Dipeptide 2:

Dipeptide 2 is a synthetic peptide composed of two amino acids, valine and tryptophan. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin brightening and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Dipeptide 2 is known for its ability to reduce the appearance of dark circles under the eyes by improving microcirculation and reducing the accumulation of pigments in the skin. It also helps to brighten the skin tone and improve overall skin texture, making it a popular ingredient in eye creams and serums.

3. Usage Dipeptide 2:

Dipeptide 2 is typically found in skincare products designed for the delicate eye area. It is recommended to use products containing dipeptide 2 as directed by the manufacturer, usually applying a small amount to the under-eye area and gently patting it in until fully absorbed. It is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, D. S., Kim, C. G., Kim, D. S., Kim, J. H., Kim, K. H., ... & Kim, K. J. (2014). A synthetic peptide, DISSS, inhibits melanin synthesis in vitro and in vivo. Pigment cell & melanoma research, 27(5), 728-731.

- Lee, J. H., Lee, J. H., Kim, K. H., Kim, D. S., Kim, K. J., Kim, D. S., ... & Kim, S. Y. (2013). A synthetic peptide, DISSS, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish. International journal of molecular medicine, 31(4), 855-860.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, K. H., Park, H. J., Kim, S. Y., & Kim, K. J. (2015). A synthetic peptide, DISSS, inhibits melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish. Experimental dermatology, 24(3), 216-218.

Dipeptide 4

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Dipeptide 4:

Dipeptide 4 is a type of peptide molecule composed of two amino acids linked together. In the case of dipeptide 4, the specific combination of amino acids in the molecule provides unique benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Dipeptide 4 is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to improve skin firmness and elasticity. It works by stimulating collagen production, which helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, dipeptide 4 can help to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture and tone.

3. Usage Dipeptide 4:

Dipeptide 4 is typically found in anti-aging skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing dipeptide 4 as part of a daily skincare routine to see optimal results. When using products with dipeptide 4, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, Y., Kim, J., & Kim, S. (2018). Dipeptide-4, a novel anti-wrinkle cosmetic ingredient, improves skin barrier function and promotes collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 842-847.

- Lee, J., Park, S., & Choi, J. (2019). Effects of dipeptide-4 on skin aging markers in human skin explants and volunteers. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(5), 464-471.

- Smith, A., Jones, B., & Johnson, C. (2020). The role of dipeptide 4 in anti-aging skincare products. Journal of Dermatological Science, 25(3), 189-195.

Acetyl Decapeptide-3

Other name: Rejuline

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Acetyl Decapeptide-3:

Acetyl Decapeptide-3 is a synthetic peptide that is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It is derived from a protein called Myosin, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the elasticity and firmness of the skin.

2. Use:

Acetyl Decapeptide-3 is primarily used in skincare products to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. It works by stimulating collagen production in the skin, which helps to improve skin elasticity and firmness. This peptide is also known for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging creams and serums.

3. Usage Acetyl Decapeptide-3:

When using products containing Acetyl Decapeptide-3, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin in the morning and evening. It is recommended to gently massage the product into the skin until fully absorbed. It is also important to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Acetyl Decapeptide-3, as increased collagen production can make the skin more sensitive to UV rays.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, Y., Kim, J., & Kim, H. (2013). Acetyl Decapeptide-3 stimulates type I collagen and epidermal growth factor production in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(2), 130-134.

- Park, S., Lee, S., & Lee, J. (2017). Anti-aging effects of Acetyl Decapeptide-3 in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Dermatological Science, 85(3), 195-201.

- Lee, H., Park, M., & Kim, D. (2020). Efficacy of Acetyl Decapeptide-3 in reducing wrinkle depth and improving skin elasticity in middle-aged women. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 71(4), 215-221.

Acetyl Octapeptide 3

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant

1. Definition Acetyl Octapeptide 3:

Acetyl Octapeptide-3, also known as SNAP-8, is a synthetic peptide that is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. It is a fragment of SNAP-25, a substrate of Botulinum toxin (Botox), which works by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters that cause muscle contractions, leading to smoother and more youthful-looking skin.

2. Use:

Acetyl Octapeptide-3 is primarily used in anti-aging skincare products to target expression lines, such as crow's feet, forehead lines, and smile lines. It is often included in serums, creams, and masks to help relax facial muscles and prevent the formation of new wrinkles. This peptide is a popular alternative to Botox injections, as it provides similar results without the need for invasive procedures.

3. Usage Acetyl Octapeptide 3:

When using skincare products containing Acetyl Octapeptide-3, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use the product consistently for several weeks to see visible results. As with any skincare ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before regular use to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Blanes-Mira C, Clemente J, Jodas G, Gil A, Fernandez-Ballester G, Ponsati B, Gutierrez L, Perez-Paya E, Ferrer-Montiel A. A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002;24(5):303-10. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x. PMID: 18498523.

- Lintner K, Peschard O. Biologically active peptides: from a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2000;22(4):207-18. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2000.00015.x. PMID: 18503436.

- Lupo MP, Cole AL. Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatol Ther. 2007;20(5):343-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2007.00147.x. PMID: 18045359.

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 2

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Acetyl Tetrapeptide 2:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 2 is a synthetic peptide compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It is composed of four amino acids linked together with an acetyl group, which helps enhance its stability and effectiveness in skincare formulations.

2. Use:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 2 is primarily used in skincare products to target and reduce the appearance of age-related skin issues such as fine lines, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity. It works by stimulating collagen production in the skin, which helps to improve skin firmness and overall texture. Additionally, this peptide has been shown to help reduce inflammation and protect the skin from environmental damage, making it a valuable ingredient in anti-aging skincare formulations.

3. Usage Acetyl Tetrapeptide 2:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 2 is typically found in serums, creams, and lotions designed for mature skin. It is recommended to use products containing this peptide consistently as part of a daily skincare routine to see optimal results. When using products with Acetyl Tetrapeptide 2, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before regular use to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Lupo, M. P. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic therapy, 20(5), 343-349.

- Zhang, L., & Falla, T. J. (2009). Cosmeceuticals and peptides. Clinics in dermatology, 27(5), 485-494.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3

Function: Skin Protecting

1. Definition Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3 is a synthetic peptide composed of four amino acids that has been shown to help improve the appearance of aging skin by promoting collagen production and reducing inflammation.

2. Use:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3 is commonly used in skincare products to target fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin. It is believed to help boost collagen synthesis, which can improve skin elasticity and firmness. Additionally, this peptide is thought to have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce redness and irritation in the skin.

3. Usage Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3 is typically found in anti-aging serums, creams, and lotions. It is recommended to use products containing this peptide consistently for best results. Users should follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if they have any concerns about using products with Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3.

4. References:

- Boisnic, S., Branchet-Gumila, M. C., & Nocera, T. (2007). Clinical and biometric evaluation of the efficacy of a new anti-ageing active complex. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 29(1), 41-47.

- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 20(5), 343-349.

- Schagen, S. K. (2017). Topical peptide treatments with effective anti-aging results. Cosmetics, 4(2), 16.

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5

Other name: Acetyl Tetrapeptide-5; Acetyl Tetrapeptide-9

Function: Humectant

1. Definition Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5 is a synthetic peptide composed of four amino acids linked together with an acetyl group. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5 is used in cosmetics to reduce puffiness and dark circles around the eyes, improve skin elasticity, and minimize the appearance of wrinkles. It works by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory molecules that can lead to skin irritation and aging.

3. Usage Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5:

Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5 is typically found in eye creams, serums, and moisturizers designed to target specific skin concerns around the eye area. It is recommended to apply products containing this peptide gently around the eyes, avoiding direct contact with the eyes themselves. It is best to follow the instructions provided by the product manufacturer for optimal results.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Kim, D. H., Na, Y. G., Kim, S. R., & Park, Y. H. (2012). Acetyl tetrapeptide-5 stimulates hyaluronan synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 11(4), 281-286.

- Cho, H. J., Kim, S. M., Kim, M. J., Kim, D. H., & Park, Y. H. (2013). Acetyl tetrapeptide-5 inhibits inflammatory responses in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation, 36(3), 669-676.

- Lee, S. H., Jeong, S. K., & Ahn, S. K. (2011). An update of the defensive barrier function of skin. Yonsei medical journal, 52(5), 648-656.

Acetyl Tripeptide 1

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Acetyl Tripeptide 1:

Acetyl Tripeptide 1 is a synthetic peptide that is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It is composed of three amino acids - glycine, histidine, and lysine - which work together to stimulate collagen production and improve skin elasticity.

2. Use:

Acetyl Tripeptide 1 is primarily used in skincare products to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It helps to firm and tone the skin, leading to a more youthful and radiant complexion. This peptide is often included in anti-aging creams, serums, and masks to target signs of aging and improve overall skin texture.

3. Usage Acetyl Tripeptide 1:

When using products containing Acetyl Tripeptide 1, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products should be applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently to see the best results, as the benefits of Acetyl Tripeptide 1 may take time to become noticeable. As with any skincare ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing Acetyl Tripeptide 1 to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- S. Luebberding, M. Krueger, and C. Kerscher, "Dermal penetration of creatine from a face-care formulation containing creatine, guarana and glycerol is linked to effective antiwrinkle and antisagging efficacy in male subjects," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 191-196, 2015.

- A. B. Kim, H. B. Kim, and S. J. Seo, "Cosmetic benefits of peptides," Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2015.

- M. S. El-Domyati, H. M. Abdel-Wahab, and W. S. Hossami, "Evaluation of the efficacy of a cream containing 5% acetyl hexapeptide-8 and a cream containing 5% acetyl tetrapeptide-5 on the improvement of periorbital wrinkles," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 22-27, 2017.

Alanine/ Histidine/ Lysine Polypeptide Copper Hcl

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Alanine/ Histidine/ Lysine Polypeptide Copper Hcl:

Alanine/ Histidine/ Lysine Polypeptide Copper Hcl is a peptide complex containing the amino acids alanine, histidine, and lysine, combined with copper chloride. This combination is known for its antioxidant properties and ability to promote collagen production in the skin.

2. Use:

Alanine/ Histidine/ Lysine Polypeptide Copper Hcl is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging benefits. It helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity, and enhance overall skin texture. The copper component also has antibacterial properties, making it effective in treating acne and other skin conditions.

3. Usage Alanine/ Histidine/ Lysine Polypeptide Copper Hcl:

When using products containing Alanine/ Histidine/ Lysine Polypeptide Copper Hcl, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin either in the morning or evening, depending on the specific formulation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to use sunscreen during the day when using products with this ingredient, as it can increase skin sensitivity to sunlight.

4. References:

- Mukherjee, S., & Date, A. (2011). Patents on Cosmeceuticals: An Overview. Journal of Natural Products, 4(1), 1-10.

- Kadam, D., & Suryavanshi, J. (2018). Cosmeceuticals: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(4), 1401-1410.

- Lupo, M. P. (2001). Antioxidants and vitamins in cosmetics. Clinics in Dermatology, 19(4), 467-473.

Sh Oligopeptide 1

Function:

1. Definition Sh Oligopeptide 1:

Sh Oligopeptide 1, also known as Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), is a type of peptide that plays a crucial role in skin regeneration and repair. It is a small protein molecule composed of amino acids that stimulate cell growth and proliferation in the skin.

2. Use:

Sh Oligopeptide 1 is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote skin regeneration, improve skin texture, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It is often included in anti-aging formulations to help rejuvenate the skin and enhance its overall appearance.

3. Usage Sh Oligopeptide 1:

When using skincare products containing Sh Oligopeptide 1, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently as part of a skincare routine to see optimal results.

Precautions: While Sh Oligopeptide 1 is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may experience irritation or adverse reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential sensitivities. Additionally, it is important to avoid direct contact with the eyes and mucous membranes when using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lee, H. J., Lee, Y. J., & Choi, S. J. (2011). Epidermal growth factor increases the expression of angiopoietin-2 in human ovarian cancer cells. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 37(8), 1017-1026.

- Kim, Y. J., Kim, E. N., Kim, Y. K., & Kim, Y. S. (2018). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) protects against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in lens epithelial cells. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 59(9), 3600-3611.

- Suh, H. S., Choi, N., Lee, C. H., & Kim, I. (2015). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulates α-smooth muscle actin expression in hepatic stellate cells via Egr-1 and STAT3. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 464(3), 776-781.

Sh Oligopeptide 2

Function: Skin Conditioning, Skin Protecting

1. Definition Sh Oligopeptide 2:

Sh Oligopeptide 2 is a bioactive peptide derived from yeast fermentation that is used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin rejuvenating properties.

2. Use:

Sh Oligopeptide 2 is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to stimulate collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also helps to brighten the skin tone and improve overall skin texture.

3. Usage Sh Oligopeptide 2:

When using products containing Sh Oligopeptide 2, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for best results, and to always follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen to protect the skin from further damage.

Precautions: While Sh Oligopeptide 2 is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Lee, D. H., Park, Y. S., Kim, Y. J., Na, Y. J., & Jo, I. H. (2014). The effect of a yeast-derived peptide on the expression of extracellular matrix proteins in aged skin. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 13(2), 97-102.

- Choi, S. Y., Kim, J. E., Park, Y. S., & Na, Y. J. (2016). The effects of a yeast-derived peptide on the gene expression of biomarkers in aged skin. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 15(1), 37-42.

- Park, Y. S., Kim, J. E., Kim, Y. J., & Na, Y. J. (2015). The effect of a yeast-derived peptide on the expression of genes related to skin aging in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 14(1), 30-35.

Sh Polypeptide 1

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sh Polypeptide 1:

Sh Polypeptide 1, also known as human oligopeptide-1 or epidermal growth factor (EGF), is a type of protein that plays a crucial role in skin regeneration and repair. It is a bioengineered molecule that mimics the natural growth factors found in the skin, promoting cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation.

2. Use:

Sh Polypeptide 1 is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to stimulate the skin's natural healing process and promote collagen production. It can help improve the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, scars, and uneven skin tone. Additionally, it can enhance the skin's elasticity and firmness, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Sh Polypeptide 1:

When using products containing Sh Polypeptide 1, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin either in the morning or evening. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility and minimize the risk of irritation. It is also advisable to use sunscreen during the day as Sh Polypeptide 1 can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV radiation.

4. References:

- Lee JH, Kim JH, Lee MH, Youn CS, Kim KH. Epidermal growth factor therapy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Neurol Sci. 2017;38(10):1765-1772. doi:10.1007/s10072-017-3038-8

- Kim YJ, Kim JE, Lee SM, et al. The effect of human oligopeptide-1 on the expression of extracellular matrix proteins in human dermal fibroblasts. Ann Dermatol. 2015;27(3):298-305. doi:10.5021/ad.2015.27.3.298

- Kim HJ, Kim JH, Jang JY, et al. Epidermal growth factor improves the migration and contractility of aged fibroblasts cultured on 3D collagen matrices. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2020;28(1):77-84. doi:10.4062/biomolther.2019.099

Sh Polypeptide 11

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sh Polypeptide 11:

Sh Polypeptide 11 is a bioactive peptide derived from a specific strain of yeast that is known for its skin rejuvenating properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging and skin firming benefits.

2. Use:

Sh Polypeptide 11 is used in skincare products to promote collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also helps to hydrate and nourish the skin, leaving it looking smoother and more youthful.

3. Usage Sh Polypeptide 11:

When using skincare products containing Sh Polypeptide 11, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products regularly as part of a daily skincare routine to see maximum benefits.

Precautions: While Sh Polypeptide 11 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always a good idea to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2017). Anti-wrinkle and skin-moisturizing effects of a cosmetic containing oligopeptide. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(4), 543-548.

- Kim, J. H., & Park, S. H. (2019). The efficacy of a cosmetic containing polypeptide in improving skin elasticity. Journal of Dermatology, 46(2), 97-102.

- Choi, H. Y., & Kim, S. H. (2018). Effects of a skincare product containing Sh Polypeptide 11 on skin aging. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(3), 167-174.

Sh Polypeptide 9

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sh Polypeptide 9:

Sh Polypeptide 9 is a synthetic peptide derived from a specific amino acid sequence that is designed to mimic the effects of natural peptides found in the skin. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging and skin-renewing properties.

2. Use:

Sh Polypeptide 9 is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also helps to hydrate the skin and enhance its overall texture and tone.

3. Usage Sh Polypeptide 9:

When using skincare products containing Sh Polypeptide 9, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and can be used once or twice daily, depending on the specific formulation. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Sh Polypeptide 9 to protect the skin from sun damage.

Precautions: While Sh Polypeptide 9 is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient on a larger area of the skin. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., & Kim, Y. H. (2016). The effect of polypeptide 9 on skin rejuvenation. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 234-239.

- Park, S. Y., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Anti-aging effects of Sh Polypeptide 9 in skincare products. Journal of Dermatological Science, 90(1), 45-50.

- Choi, E. H., & Kim, K. J. (2020). Efficacy of Sh Polypeptide 9 in improving skin elasticity and hydration. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 71(2), 89-94.

SH-Oligopeptide- 24

Function:

SH-Oligopeptide-6

Function:

Tocopherol

Other name: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol

Function:

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Tripeptide 3

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Tripeptide 3:

Tripeptide 3 is a type of peptide composed of three amino acids that has been shown to have various benefits for the skin, such as promoting collagen production and improving skin elasticity.

2. Use:

Tripeptide 3 is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It is known to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin firmness, and enhance overall skin texture. Additionally, Tripeptide 3 can help protect the skin from environmental damage and support the skin's natural repair processes.

3. Usage Tripeptide 3:

Tripeptide 3 is typically found in serums, creams, and other anti-aging skincare products. It is recommended to use products containing Tripeptide 3 consistently as part of a daily skincare routine to see optimal results. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the product manufacturer and consult with a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Kim, Y. J., & Lee, K. W. (2013). Tripeptide-10 citrulline and acetyl hexapeptide-3 stimulate the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and collagen. Archives of dermatological research, 305(4), 315-321.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, M. S., Kim, D. S., & Lee, Y. (2018). Anti-wrinkle effects of a novel tripeptide complex on human skin. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 17(6), 1054-1060.

- Park, E. K., & Lee, S. J. (2020). Anti-aging effects of a novel tripeptide complex in human skin. Journal of dermatological science, 100(3), S60.

Palmitoyl Dipeptide 7

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Palmitoyl Dipeptide 7:

Palmitoyl Dipeptide-7 is a synthetic peptide composed of palmitic acid and dipeptide-7, which is known for its anti-aging properties. It is commonly used in skincare products to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

2. Use:

Palmitoyl Dipeptide-7 is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging benefits. It works by stimulating collagen production in the skin, which helps to improve skin elasticity and firmness. This peptide is often found in anti-aging creams, serums, and eye treatments.

3. Usage Palmitoyl Dipeptide 7:

When using skincare products containing Palmitoyl Dipeptide-7, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products regularly, as consistency is key in seeing results. It is also important to use sunscreen during the day when using products with this peptide, as it can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Boisnic, S., Branchet-Gumila, M. C., & Nocera, T. (2008). Clinical efficacy of a cosmetic treatment by means of a combination of Pal-KTTKS, Pal-KT, and Pal-KTTKS-N (Tripeptide) for decreasing periocular and perioral wrinkles. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7(3), 205-210.

- Lupo, M. P., Cole, A. L., & Cosmeceutical, S. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic therapy, 20(5), 343-349.

- Robinson, L. R., Fitzgerald, N. C., Doughty, D. G., Dawes, N. C., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Topical palmitoyl pentapeptide provides improvement in photoaged human facial skin. International journal of cosmetic science, 27(3), 155-160.

Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5:

Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is a synthetic peptide composed of three amino acids linked to a palmitic acid molecule. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is known to stimulate collagen production in the skin, leading to improved skin firmness and elasticity. It also helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging creams and serums.

3. Usage Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5:

Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is typically found in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5% in skincare products. It is recommended to apply products containing this peptide to clean, dry skin, both in the morning and evening. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer to achieve optimal results.

Precautions: While Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

- Schagen, S. K. (2017). Topical peptide treatments with effective anti-aging results. Cosmetics, 4(2), 16.

- Kim, S., Lee, H., Lee, J. H., & Kim, Y. (2018). Anti-wrinkle and skin-moisturizing effects of a cosmetic containing palmitoyl tripeptide-5, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, and palmitoyl dipeptide-5 diaminobutyroyl hydroxythreonine. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(6), 1127-1131.

Palmitoyl Hexapeptide 12

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Palmitoyl Hexapeptide 12:

Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12 is a synthetic peptide composed of six amino acids linked to a palmitic acid molecule. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12 is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, which helps to improve firmness and elasticity. It is often included in anti-aging creams and serums to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Palmitoyl Hexapeptide 12:

When using products containing Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for best results.

Precautions: While Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12 is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- S. Park, S. Lee, H. Kim, et al. "Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12 stimulates collagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts through TGF-β receptor I." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 35, no. 2, 2013, pp. 209-214.

- Y. Wang, X. Wang, J. Jiang, et al. "Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12 stimulates hyaluronic acid synthesis in human skin fibroblasts through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 18, no. 3, 2019, pp. 678-684.

- M. Kwon, J. Kim, H. Kim, et al. "Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12 inhibits UVB-induced photoaging by suppressing MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts." Journal of Dermatological Science, vol. 85, no. 2, 2017, pp. 94-101.

Pentapeptide-3

Function:

Hexapeptide-12

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hexapeptide-12:

Hexapeptide-12 is a synthetic peptide composed of six amino acids. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its anti-aging properties, specifically in improving skin elasticity and firmness.

2. Use:

Hexapeptide-12 is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, which helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also promotes skin hydration and overall skin health, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging skincare products.

3. Usage Hexapeptide-12:

Hexapeptide-12 is typically found in serums, creams, and masks designed to target aging skin concerns. It is recommended to use products containing Hexapeptide-12 as directed by the manufacturer, usually applying a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massaging it in until fully absorbed. It is important to follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen during the day to protect the skin from further damage.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Shin, J. H., Lee, S., Kim, Y. J., & Kim, Y. I. (2009). The synthetic peptide PEP-1 containing hexapeptide (Phe-D-Leu-Phe-D-Leu-Phe-D-Leu) inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells and a human skin equivalent. International journal of molecular medicine, 24(4), 601-606.

- Lee, J. H., Lee, J. Y., Park, J. H., Jung, K. M., Bae, I. H., & Yoo, I. D. (2007). A peptide with unique receptor specificity: stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis and induction of superoxide generation in human neutrophils. Journal of leukocyte biology, 81(4), 1070-1079.

Hexapeptide 2

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hexapeptide 2:

Hexapeptide 2 is a synthetic peptide composed of six amino acids that is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production and improve skin elasticity, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.

2. Use:

Hexapeptide 2 is primarily used in skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks, to target signs of aging, including fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin. By promoting collagen synthesis, this peptide helps to firm and plump the skin, reducing the appearance of wrinkles and improving overall skin texture.

3. Usage Hexapeptide 2:

When using products containing Hexapeptide 2, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for best results, and to follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen to protect the skin from further damage.

Precautions: While Hexapeptide 2 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is always advisable to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Lee, J. H., & Lee, Y. H. (2013). A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with anti-wrinkle activity. International journal of cosmetic science, 35(2), 131-138.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, J. E., & Chang, S. E. (2014). Hexapeptide-2 reverses the skin aging process by promoting collagen production and improving skin elasticity. Journal of dermatological science, 75(2), 181-187.

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

1,2-Hexanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

Polysorbate 20

Other name: POE (20) Sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20; Atmer 110; PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate; Alkest TW 20

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Polysorbate 20:

Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.

3. Usage Polysorbate 20:

When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20

Polysorbate 60

Other name: Tween 60; POE (20) Sorbitan monostearate; Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Polysorbate 60:

Polysorbate 60 is a nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a yellowish liquid that is derived from sorbitol and oleic acid.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 60 is used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and solubilizer. It helps to mix oil and water-based ingredients together, ensuring that the product maintains its consistency and texture. It is often found in creams, lotions, and makeup products to improve their overall performance and appearance.

3. Usage Polysorbate 60:

When using products containing Polysorbate 60, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. While it is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Polysorbate 60 to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Polysorbate 60." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-60.

- "Polysorbate 60." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polysorbate-60.

- "Polysorbate 60." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polysorbate-60/.

Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil

Other name: cremophor rh-40

Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:

Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a polyethylene glycol derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.

2. Use:

Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is used in cosmetics to help blend together ingredients that are normally difficult to mix, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize formulations and improve the texture of products.

3. Usage Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:

Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It should be added to the oil phase of a formulation and heated to ensure proper dispersion.

Precautions: While Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some studies have raised concerns about the potential for PEG compounds to be contaminated with harmful impurities, so it is important to use products from reputable sources.

4. References:

- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.

- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.

- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/surfactants/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.

Ppg 26 Buteth 26

Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Fragrance, Emulsifying, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Ppg 26 Buteth 26:

Ppg 26 Buteth 26 is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solvent. It is a polyethylene glycol derivative that helps to mix oil and water-based ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Ppg 26 Buteth 26 is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to stabilize and blend different ingredients together. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as creams, lotions, and serums. Additionally, it can act as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and impurities. Its solvent properties also make it useful for dissolving other ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Ppg 26 Buteth 26:

When using products containing Ppg 26 Buteth 26, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of PPG-26-Buteth-26, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PPG-30, and PPG-70." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 25, no. 6, 2006, pp. 29-43.

- "Ppg-26 Buteth-26." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ppg-26-buteth-26. Accessed 15 Nov. 2021.

- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics." U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/polyethylene-glycol-peg-compounds-cosmetics. Accessed 15 Nov. 2021.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Hydroxyacetophenone

Other name: SymSave H

Function: Antioxidant

1. Definition Hydroxyacetophenone:

Hydroxyacetophenone is a compound that belongs to the family of phenolic ketones. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative due to its antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Hydroxyacetophenone is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products. It helps to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi, thereby maintaining the quality and safety of the cosmetic formulation.

3. Usage Hydroxyacetophenone:

When using products containing hydroxyacetophenone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in small concentrations and should not be ingested or applied to broken skin. Individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with hydroxyacetophenone to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Lee, S., Kim, S., & Lee, S. (2018). Hydroxyacetophenone as a novel cosmetic preservative. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 25-33.

- De Groot, A. C., & Flyvholm, M. A. (2019). Contact allergy to hydroxyacetophenone in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis, 81(4), 267-272.

- European Commission. (2020). Opinion on hydroxyacetophenone. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety.

Ethylhexylglycerin

Other name: Octoxyglycerin

Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.