1. Definition Colloidal Oatmeal:

Colloidal oatmeal is a finely ground oatmeal that has been processed to create a suspension of oat particles in water. It is commonly used in skincare products for its soothing and moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Colloidal oatmeal is known for its ability to calm and relieve irritated skin. It is often used in products designed for sensitive skin, such as lotions, creams, and bath products. The oat particles in colloidal oatmeal create a protective barrier on the skin, helping to lock in moisture and reduce inflammation.

3. Usage Colloidal Oatmeal:

To use colloidal oatmeal in skincare, simply look for products that list it as an ingredient. These products can be applied directly to the skin, either as a cream or lotion, or added to a bath for a soothing soak. It is important to follow the directions on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Goff HD, Korus J, and Ramaswamy HS. Oat: Chemistry and Technology, Second Edition. AACC International, 2011.

- Sur R, Nigam A, Grote D, and Liebel F. Avenanthramides, polyphenols from oats, exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-itch activity. Archives of Dermatological Research, 2008.

- Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, and Kazerouni A. Oatmeal in dermatology: a brief review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, 2012.

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot):

Citrus Aurantium Bergamia, commonly known as Bergamot, is a citrus fruit that is primarily grown in Southern Italy. The essential oil extracted from the peel of the fruit is widely used in cosmetics for its refreshing and uplifting aroma, as well as its skin-brightening and clarifying properties.

2. Use:

Bergamot essential oil is a popular ingredient in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers due to its antiseptic and balancing properties. It is known to help control excess oil production, reduce acne and blemishes, and promote a clear and radiant complexion. In hair care products, Bergamot oil is used to add shine, reduce dandruff, and promote healthy hair growth.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot):

When using Bergamot essential oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it can cause skin irritation and sensitivity when used in high concentrations. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing Bergamot oil to the skin to check for any adverse reactions. It is also advisable to avoid sun exposure after applying Bergamot oil topically, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays and potentially cause sunburn.

4. References:

- Rombola L, Amantea D, Russo R, Adornetto A, Berliocchi L, Tridico L, et al. (2014). Rational Basis for the Use of Bergamot Essential Oil in Complementary Medicine to Treat Chronic Pain. Mini Rev Med Chem. 14(2):182-92.

- Navarra M, Mannucci C, Delbò M, Calapai G. (2015). Citrus Bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application. Front Pharmacol. 6:36.

- Bagetta G, Morrone LA, Rombolà L, Amantea D, Russo R, Berliocchi L, et al. (2010). Neuropharmacology of the essential oil of bergamot. Fitoterapia. 81(6):453-61.

1. Definition Citrus Limon (Lemon) Juice Acids:

Citrus Limon (Lemon) Juice Acids are organic compounds found in lemon juice that contain citric acid, a natural alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) known for its exfoliating and brightening properties.

2. Use:

Lemon juice acids are commonly used in cosmetics for their ability to exfoliate the skin, promote cell turnover, and improve skin texture. They are also known for their brightening effects, helping to even out skin tone and reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation.

3. Usage Citrus Limon (Lemon) Juice Acids:

Lemon juice acids are typically found in skincare products such as exfoliating cleansers, toners, serums, and masks. It is important to note that lemon juice can be irritating to some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin or conditions such as eczema or rosacea. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing lemon juice acids and to start with a lower concentration to assess tolerance.

4. References:

- Hwang E, Park SY, Lee HJ, Lee TY, Sun ZW, Yi TH. Gallic acid regulates skin photoaging in UVB-exposed fibroblast and hairless mice. Phytother Res. 2014;28(12):1778-88.

- Kim J, Kim H, Park J, et al. Effect of aloe vera and antacid on citric acid-induced laryngitis: A rat animal model. J Voice. 2019;33(2):284.e1-284.e7.

- Rizwan M, Rodriguez-Blanco I, Harbottle A, et al. Tomato paste rich in lycopene protects against cutaneous photodamage in humans in vivo: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(1):154-62.

1. Definition Valeriana Officinalis (Valerian):

Valeriana Officinalis, commonly known as Valerian, is a perennial flowering plant native to Europe and Asia. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its calming and sedative properties.

2. Use:

Valerian is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and relaxing effects on the skin. It is known for its ability to promote a sense of calm and reduce stress, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products designed to promote relaxation and improve overall skin health.

3. Usage Valeriana Officinalis (Valerian):

Valerian extract is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It can help to soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin. Valerian is also believed to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

Precautions: While Valerian is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product containing Valerian extract. Some individuals may be sensitive to Valerian, so it is important to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Sarris, J., & Panossian, A. (2011). Herbal medicine in depression, anxiety and insomnia: A review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 21(12), 841-860.

- Dimpfel, W., Suter, A., & Sleep, D. (2008). Effect of a proprietary valerian/hops extract on sleep-related behaviors in healthy adults. Phytotherapy Research, 22(12), 1625-1629.

- Leathwood, P. D., & Chauffard, F. (1985). Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man. Planta Medica, 51(2), 144-148.

1. Definition Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil:

Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil is an essential oil derived from the leaves of the Eucalyptus Globulus tree. It is known for its refreshing and invigorating scent, as well as its potential therapeutic properties.

2. Use:

Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and decongestant properties. It is often included in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to help soothe and purify the skin. Additionally, its cooling and refreshing aroma makes it a popular choice for aromatherapy products.

3. Usage Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil:

When using Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it can be irritating to the skin in its concentrated form. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this essential oil to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Pregnant women and individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a healthcare professional before using products with Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil.

4. References:

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Baser, K. H. C., & Buchbauer, G. (2010). Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and Applications. CRC Press.

- Lis-Balchin, M. (2006). Aromatherapy Science: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. Pharmaceutical Press.

1. Definition Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel):

Hamamelis Virginiana, commonly known as Witch Hazel, is a plant native to North America that has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties. Witch Hazel extract is derived from the leaves and bark of the plant and is known for its astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Witch Hazel is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to tighten and tone the skin, reduce inflammation, and minimize the appearance of pores. It is often found in toners, cleansers, and moisturizers for its soothing and clarifying effects on the skin. Witch Hazel is also used in hair care products to help balance oil production and promote a healthy scalp.

3. Usage Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel):

Witch Hazel can be applied topically to the skin using a cotton pad or as an ingredient in skincare products. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is recommended to do a patch test before using it on the face or body to check for any allergic reactions. Witch Hazel should not be ingested and should be kept out of reach of children.

4. References:

- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine: The Definitive Home Reference Guide to 550 Key Herbs with all their Uses as Remedies for Common Ailments. DK Publishing, 2016.

- Duke, James A., and Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2002.

- Reuter, J., et al. "Investigations on the anti-inflammatory activity of a herbal drug combination of stinging nettle herb, couch grass root and witch hazel leaves." Phytomedicine 10.8 (2003): 700-708.

1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary):

Rosmarinus Officinalis, commonly known as Rosemary, is a fragrant herb native to the Mediterranean region. It is widely used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties and various skin benefits.

2. Use:

Rosemary is a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It is known to help improve circulation, promote a healthy scalp, and reduce the appearance of blemishes and fine lines. Rosemary oil is often used in aromatherapy for its uplifting and invigorating scent.

3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary):

Rosemary extract or oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, toners, serums, shampoos, and conditioners. It can be applied topically to the skin or hair, either directly or diluted in a carrier oil. It is important to perform a patch test before using rosemary products to check for any potential allergic reactions. Pregnant women should consult with a healthcare provider before using rosemary oil due to its potential effects on pregnancy.

4. References:

- Lee J, Kim H, Lee J, Park J, Shin S, Kim Y. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism of tangeretin in activated microglia. J Neuroimmunol. 2011;240-241:50-57.

- Pengelly A, Snow J, Mills SY, Scholey A, Wesnes K, Butler LR. Short-term study on the effects of rosemary on cognitive function in an elderly population. J Med Food. 2012;15(1):10-17.

- Moss M, Cook J, Wesnes K, Duckett P. Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults. Int J Neurosci. 2003;113(1):15-38.

1. Definition Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf:

Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf is the leaf of the peppermint plant, known for its refreshing and invigorating properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its cooling sensation and soothing effects on the skin.

2. Use:

Peppermint leaf is often used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It can help to reduce redness and irritation, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Peppermint leaf can also help to improve circulation and promote a healthy glow, making it a common ingredient in products targeting dull or tired skin.

3. Usage Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf:

Peppermint leaf can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including cleansers, toners, masks, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid irritation, but can be effective in providing a refreshing and revitalizing experience for the skin. It is important to patch test products containing peppermint leaf before use, as some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient.

4. References:

- Yoon, W. J., Kim, S. S., & Oh, T. H. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Mentha piperita L. and its application to the production of antimicrobial paper. Korean Journal of Microbiology, 46(2), 187-192.

- McKay, D. L., & Blumberg, J. B. (2006). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.). Phytotherapy Research, 20(8), 619-633.

- Grigoriadis, S., & Hadjipavlou-Litina, D. (2005). Mentha piperita: A plant with potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 101(1-3), 289-294.