Ingredients list Darphin Predermine Densifying Anti-Wrinkle ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1	A	Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent)	Bad for oily skin
1		Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning, Abrasive)
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Glyceryl Stearate (Emollient, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1 3	A	Peg 100 Stearate (Surfactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1	A	Cetearyl Alcohol (Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous)
2	A	Hydrogenated Polydecene (Solvent, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	B	Tridecyl Trimellitate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Triisostearin (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent)
1	A	Squalane (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting)
		Iris Florentina Root Extract (Masking, Tonic)
1		Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminobutyroyl Hydroxythreonine (Skin Conditioning)
1		Palmitoyl Dipeptide 5 Diaminohydroxybutyrate (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Sodium Hyaluronate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
1 2	A	Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning)
1 2	A	Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil (Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Garcinia Indica Seed Butter (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Glycine Soja (Soybean) Protein
2 3	A	Tocopheryl Acetate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Anti Aging
1	A	Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seedcake (Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent)
2		Phytic Acid (Chelating Agent)
1		Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
1		Hypnea Musciformis Extract (Skin Protecting)
1		Gelidiella Acerosa Extract (Skin Protecting)
1		Hordeum Vulgare (Barley) Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail) Extract (Emollient, Soothing, Tonic, Astringent)
1	A	Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Good for dry skin
1		Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Menyanthes Trifoliata Leaf Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	B	Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract (Perfuming, Fragrance, Antioxidant, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive, Antimicrobial Agent)
1		Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract (Antioxidant)
1		Padina Pavonica Thallus Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	B	Polyglyceryl 3 Beeswax (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1	B	Beheneth 25 (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing)
1	B	Propylene Glycol Dicaprate (Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive)
1		Caprylyl Methicone (Skin Conditioning)
1		Pca Dimethicone (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning)
1	B	Ethylhexyl Palmitate (Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Emollient, Fragrance)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1 3	A	Dimethicone (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent)	Silicone
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Acetyl Glucosamine (Skin Conditioning)	Brightening
1		Caffeine (Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning)
1 2		Lecithin (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1		Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming)
1	A	Xanthan Gum (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming)
3	A	Benzophenone-4 (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
1	A	1,2-Hexanediol (Solvent)
1	B	Silica Dimethyl Silylate (Emollient, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Slip Modifier, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant, Viscosityincreasing Agent - Nonaqueous)
2	A	Tetrasodium Edta (Chelating Agent)
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
3	A	Chlorphenesin (Preservative, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide)
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
1		Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde (Masking, Perfuming)	Allergen
3 4		Citronellol (Masking, Fragrance)	Allergen
7		Butylphenyl Methylpropional (Perfuming)	Allergen
3 5		Alpha Isomethyl Ionone (Skin Conditioning, Perfuming)	Allergen
3 5		Benzyl Salicylate (Masking, Fragrance, Uv Absorber)	Allergen
3 6		Hydroxycitronellal (Masking, Fragrance)	Allergen
3 5		Geraniol (Masking, Fragrance, Tonic)	Allergen
3		Linalool (Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance)	Allergen
4 5		Limonene (Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Allergen
4 5	A	Benzyl Benzoate (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antimicrobial)	Allergen
3		Hexyl Cinnamal (Masking, Fragrance)	Allergen
4 5		Coumarin (Masking, Fragrance)	Allergen
3 5		Eugenol (Masking, Fragrance, Denaturant , Tonic)	Allergen
3 6		Ext. D&C Violet No. 2 (Ci 60730)
3		CI 14700 (Cosmetic Colorant)

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil:

Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil is a type of plant-derived oil that has been chemically processed to increase its stability and shelf life. This process involves the addition of hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fats, converting them into saturated fats.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent. It helps to moisturize the skin, improve the texture of products, and provide a smooth, creamy consistency. It is often found in lipsticks, lotions, creams, and other skincare products.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with this oil. It is recommended to patch test products before applying them to larger areas of the skin to determine if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil in Cosmetics: What You Need to Know." Dermatology Times. [Insert link to article]

- "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. [Insert link to report]

- "The Role of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil in Skincare Products." Journal of Cosmetic Science. [Insert link to journal article]

Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning, Abrasive

1. Definition Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract:

Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract is a natural oil derived from the seeds of the jojoba plant. It is known for its moisturizing and emollient properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and lip balms due to its lightweight texture and non-greasy feel. Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is also beneficial for hair care products, as it can help condition and strengthen the hair.

3. Usage Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract:

When using products containing Jojoba Seed Oil Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or used as an ingredient in DIY beauty recipes. Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with allergies to nuts or seeds should use caution.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." 7th Edition.

- Dweck, A. C. (2003). "The Jojoba Story." Personal Care Magazine, 4(1), 1-4.

- Meier, L., & Sticher, O. (2004). "Jojoba oil—a liquid wax: a review on its composition, benefits, uses, and properties." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 14(1), 1-6.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Glyceryl Stearate

Function: Emollient, Emulsifying

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:

Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare

Peg 100 Stearate

Function: Surfactant

1. Definition Peg 100 Stearate:

Peg 100 Stearate is a polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize and thicken formulations, improve the texture of products, and enhance the spreadability of creams and lotions.

2. Use:

Peg 100 Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, sunscreens, and makeup. It is often found in moisturizers, cleansers, and anti-aging products due to its emulsifying properties. Peg 100 Stearate helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating a smooth and uniform texture in the final product.

3. Usage Peg 100 Stearate:

When using products containing Peg 100 Stearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential sensitivities.

4. References:

- "PEG-100 Stearate" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2014.

- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics" U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2019.

- "Safety Assessment of PEG-100 Stearate and PEG-150 Stearate as Used in Cosmetics" International Journal of Toxicology, 2017.

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter

Function:

1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.

- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Cetearyl Alcohol

Other name: Cetyl Stearyl Alcohol; Cetostearyl Alcohol; C16-18 Alcohols

Function: Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous

1. Definition Cetearyl Alcohol:

Cetearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Alcohol is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, as well as improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to stabilize and maintain the structure of the formulation.

3. Usage Cetearyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Cetearyl Alcohol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions for use provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective application.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Alcohol" by Paula Begoun, Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetearyl-alcohol.html

- "Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Safe or Harmful?" by Dr. Anvita Arora, Dermatologist, https://www.dranvitaarora.com/cetearyl-alcohol-in-cosmetics-safe-or-harmful/

- "The Role of Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/cetearylcir.pdf

Hydrogenated Polydecene

Other name: Puresyn; 1-Decene, homopolymer, hydrogenated; Nomcort HP-100

Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Hydrogenated Polydecene:

Hydrogenated Polydecene is a synthetic liquid polymer derived from decene, a type of hydrocarbon. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Polydecene is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Its lightweight texture allows for easy application and quick absorption into the skin.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Polydecene:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Polydecene, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with this ingredient into their skincare routine. As with any cosmetic product, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage.

4. References:

- "Hydrogenated Polydecene" in CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydrogenated-polydecene

- "Hydrogenated Polydecene" in Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/hydrogenated-polydecene

- "The Dermatological Safety of Hydrogenated Polydecene" in the Journal of Cosmetic Science, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6110002/

Tridecyl Trimellitate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Tridecyl Trimellitate:

Tridecyl Trimellitate is a synthetic ester derived from trimellitic anhydride and tridecyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Tridecyl Trimellitate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as lipsticks, lip balms, and skincare creams. It helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it can provide a protective barrier on the skin, helping to prevent moisture loss.

3. Usage Tridecyl Trimellitate:

Tridecyl Trimellitate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use of products containing Tridecyl Trimellitate.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Tridecyl Trimellitate." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 22, no. S2, 2003, pp. 1-10.

- "Tridecyl Trimellitate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tridecyl-trimellitate.

- "Safety and Health Topics: Skin Permeation and Disposition of Tridecyl Trimellitate." Occupational Safety and Health Administration, www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_273300.html.

Triisostearin

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent

1. Definition Triisostearin:

Triisostearin is a triester of glycerin and isostearic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid with a smooth texture.

2. Use:

Triisostearin is primarily used in cosmetics as an emollient, which helps to soften and smooth the skin. It is also used as a thickening agent to give products a creamy texture. Additionally, it can act as a lubricant, allowing for easier application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Triisostearin:

Triisostearin is commonly found in various skincare products such as moisturizers, lipsticks, and foundations. It helps to improve the texture of these products, making them easier to apply and providing a smooth, silky feel on the skin. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the manufacturer's recommended guidelines for usage.

Precautions: While triisostearin is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing triisostearin, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Triisostearin" in Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/triisostearin

- "Triisostearin" in Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/triisostearin

- "Triisostearin" in Personal Care Council, https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/488

Squalane

Other name: Perhydrosqualene; Pripure 3759

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting

1. Definition Squalane:

Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.

2. Use:

Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.

3. Usage Squalane:

Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.

Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

Iris Florentina Root Extract

Function: Masking, Tonic

1. Definition Iris Florentina Root Extract:

Iris Florentina Root Extract is an extract derived from the root of the Iris Florentina plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Iris Florentina Root Extract is known for its ability to brighten and even out the skin tone. It contains natural antioxidants that help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness. This extract is often used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to improve the overall appearance and health of the skin.

3. Usage Iris Florentina Root Extract:

When using products containing Iris Florentina Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products should be applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently for best results. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before using it on the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- S. S. Chaudhary, S. Kumar, and S. K. Singh, "Iris Florentina: A Review on its Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects," Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 152-157, 2020.

- A. M. El-Sayed, "Iris Florentina: A Promising Cosmetic Ingredient for Skin Brightening and Anti-aging Effects," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 678-684, 2020.

- M. A. R. M. Aboulwafa, M. A. Ali, and A. M. El-Sayed, "Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Iris Florentina Root Extract," Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 243, pp. 112512, 2019.

Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminobutyroyl Hydroxythreonine

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminobutyroyl Hydroxythreonine:

Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminobutyroyl Hydroxythreonine is a synthetic peptide composed of amino acids that is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It is often found in anti-wrinkle creams and serums.

2. Use:

Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminobutyroyl Hydroxythreonine is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, which can help improve skin elasticity and firmness. This peptide can also help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging skincare products.

3. Usage Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminobutyroyl Hydroxythreonine:

When using skincare products containing Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminobutyroyl Hydroxythreonine, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently to see the best results.

Precautions: While Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminobutyroyl Hydroxythreonine is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Kadam, D. M., Suryawanshi, D. K., & Bhosale, A. V. (2017). Anti-aging potential of peptides. Journal of Cosmetology & Trichology, 2(1), 1-6.

- Lintner, K., & Peschard, O. (2001). Biologically active peptides: from a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product. International journal of cosmetic science, 23(2), 117-125.

- Kim, S. J., & Kim, J. S. (2013). A review of anti-aging properties of peptides in skincare products. International journal of cosmetic science, 35(6), 565-570.

Palmitoyl Dipeptide 5 Diaminohydroxybutyrate

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Palmitoyl Dipeptide 5 Diaminohydroxybutyrate:

Palmitoyl Dipeptide 5 Diaminohydroxybutyrate is a peptide compound commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It is a combination of palmitic acid, dipeptide-5, and diaminohydroxybutyrate, which work together to improve skin firmness and elasticity.

2. Use:

Palmitoyl Dipeptide 5 Diaminohydroxybutyrate is used in skincare products to target signs of aging such as wrinkles, fine lines, and loss of firmness. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, which helps to improve skin texture and overall appearance. This peptide is often found in anti-aging serums, creams, and lotions.

3. Usage Palmitoyl Dipeptide 5 Diaminohydroxybutyrate:

When using products containing Palmitoyl Dipeptide 5 Diaminohydroxybutyrate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the specific product. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using anti-aging products to protect the skin from sun damage.

4. References:

- Boisnic, S., Branchet-Gumila, M. C., & Nocera, T. (2008). Clinical and biometric evaluation of the anti-aging effect of a cosmetic product containing palmitoyl oligopeptide and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7(4), 299-305.

- Lintner, K. (2003). Peptides and proteins as active ingredients in cosmeceuticals. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 25(6), 291-303.

- Tontonoz, M. J., & Kim, Y. K. (2010). Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminobutyroyl Hydroxythreonine and Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminohydroxybutyrate. In Peptides and Skin Health (pp. 211-214). Springer, Dordrecht.

Sodium Hyaluronate

Other name: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract

Other name: Oryza Sativa Bran Extract; Rice Bran Extract

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the outer layer of rice grains. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and brightening properties. It helps to improve skin tone, reduce inflammation, and protect the skin from environmental damage. Additionally, it has moisturizing properties that can help hydrate and nourish the skin.

3. Usage Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and cleansers. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5% in formulations. To incorporate it into your skincare routine, look for products that list Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract as one of the main ingredients.

Precautions: While Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to do a patch test before trying a new product to ensure you do not have any allergic reactions. If you have sensitive skin or any known allergies, consult with a dermatologist before using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Kusumawati, D., et al. (2017). Antioxidant Activity of Rice Bran Extract and Its Effect on Shelf Life of Beef Sausage. International Journal of Food Science, 2017.

- Kim, J. M., et al. (2018). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Journal of Medicinal Food, 21(10), 1040-1048.

- Kim, S. H., et al. (2016). Skin Brightening Effects of Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract on UVB-induced Skin Pigmentation in Guinea Pigs. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(4), 454-460.

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil

Function: Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive

1. Definition Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the outer layer of rice grains. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Rice bran oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a healthy scalp. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil:

Rice bran oil can be used in various cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and cleansers. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized beauty treatments. When using rice bran oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to maintain its efficacy.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 1(4), 327-348.

- Rizwan, M., Rodriguez-Blanco, I., Harbottle, A., Birch-Machin, M. A., & Watson, R. E. B. (2013). Skin photodamage: how the skin can protect itself. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(4), 247-253.

Garcinia Indica Seed Butter

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Garcinia Indica Seed Butter:

Garcinia Indica Seed Butter, also known as Kokum Butter, is a natural butter extracted from the seeds of the Garcinia Indica fruit. It is rich in antioxidants, essential fatty acids, and vitamins A and E, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Garcinia Indica Seed Butter is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it ideal for treating dry and damaged skin, as well as reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Garcinia Indica Seed Butter:

Garcinia Indica Seed Butter can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, balms, and lip products. It can be used as a standalone ingredient or in combination with other natural oils and butters to enhance its benefits. When using products containing Garcinia Indica Seed Butter, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to store the products in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.

4. References:

- T. N. Lakshmi, S. Geetha, and S. Geetha, "Kokum Butter - A Natural Emollient," Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 145-149, 2015.

- S. S. Patil, S. R. Thorat, and S. S. Patil, "Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Garcinia indica," World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 658-673, 2018.

- D. A. Suryawanshi, S. S. Patil, and S. R. Thorat, "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Lip Balm Containing Garcinia Indica Seed Butter," International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1598-1604, 2020.

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Protein

Other name: Soybean Protein; Glycine soja Protein; Glycine soja/Soybean Protein

Function:

1. Definition Glycine Soja (Soybean) Protein:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Protein is a protein derived from soybeans that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and skin conditioning properties. It is rich in amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that help to nourish and improve the appearance of the skin.

2. Use:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Protein is used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic ingredients. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks to help hydrate and soften the skin. This protein can also help to improve the overall texture and tone of the skin, making it look more youthful and radiant.

3. Usage Glycine Soja (Soybean) Protein:

When using products containing Glycine Soja (Soybean) Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This protein is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with soy allergies should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. J., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. J., & Kim, J. E. (2016). Soybean extract suppresses melanin production by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1860(3), 566-574.

- Wu, H., Pan, A., Yu, Z., Qi, Q., Lu, L., Zhang, G., ... & Lin, X. (2015). Lifestyle counseling and supplementation with soy protein, soy isoflavones, daidzein, and genistein improve glycemic control and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Nutrition, 145(3), 524-531.

- Jung, E. Y., Cho, J. H., Kim, S. Y., Choi, M. S., & Rhee, Y. K. (2016). Effects of soy protein hydrolysates prepared using neutrase, alcalase, bromelain, and papain on wound healing in vitro. Journal of Food Science, 81(10), H2542-H2549.

Tocopheryl Acetate

Other name: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seedcake

Function: Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seedcake:

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seedcake is a byproduct that remains after sunflower seeds have been processed for oil extraction. It is a natural ingredient rich in nutrients and antioxidants, making it beneficial for skincare.

2. Use:

Sunflower seedcake is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and soothing properties. It is often found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and masks to help hydrate the skin, improve its texture, and protect it from environmental damage.

3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seedcake:

When using skincare products containing sunflower seedcake, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the usage to assess how your skin responds. Sunflower seedcake is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with allergies to sunflower seeds should avoid products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lopes, L. B., & Lopes, J. L. C. (2015). Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as a natural source of antioxidants in cosmetics. Cosmetics, 2(3), 259-269.

- Górnaś, P., & Rudzińska, M. (2016). Health-promoting properties of sunflower oil and its use in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 67(6), 387-394.

- Yıldız, K., & Uslu, M. K. (2019). Sunflower seedcake extract as a natural ingredient in cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(5), 1293-1300.

Phytic Acid

Other name: Inositol Hexaphosphate

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Phytic Acid:

Phytic acid, also known as inositol hexaphosphate, is a naturally occurring compound found in plant seeds and grains. It is a powerful antioxidant and chelating agent that can help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.

2. Use:

Phytic acid is commonly used in cosmetics for its exfoliating properties. It can help to gently remove dead skin cells, promote cell turnover, and improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin. Additionally, phytic acid has been shown to have skin-brightening and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Phytic Acid:

When using products containing phytic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration of phytic acid and gradually increase the frequency of use to prevent irritation or sensitivity. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products containing phytic acid, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV radiation.

4. References:

- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135–142.

- Maia Campos, P. M. B. G., Gaspar, L. R., & Gonçalves, G. M. (2006). Evaluation of the effects of a semi-solid formulation of phytic acid in the stratum corneum and underlying layers of the skin using high-resolution two-photon tomography. Skin Research and Technology, 12(2), 105–111.

- Schagen, S. K., & Zampeli, V. A. (2019). Phytic acid in skincare formulations. Cosmetics, 6(2), 29.

Tocopherol

Other name: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol

Function:

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Hypnea Musciformis Extract

Function: Skin Protecting

1. Definition Hypnea Musciformis Extract:

Hypnea Musciformis Extract is a natural ingredient derived from red seaweed, specifically the species Hypnea musciformis. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Hypnea Musciformis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks targeted towards sensitive or dry skin types.

3. Usage Hypnea Musciformis Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Hypnea Musciformis Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, the product should be applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. As with any skincare product, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- S. M. M. de Souza, C. M. Marques, M. A. Dore, A. C. P. da Silva, and R. A. G. de Souza, "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of red seaweed Hypnea musciformis," Planta Medica, vol. 74, no. 7, pp. 731-736, 2008.

- M. A. Dore, C. M. Marques, S. M. M. de Souza, A. C. P. da Silva, and R. A. G. de Souza, "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the red seaweed Hypnea musciformis," Inflammation Research, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 279-286, 2008.

- A. C. P. da Silva, C. M. Marques, S. M. M. de Souza, M. A. Dore, and R. A. G. de Souza, "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of a phycocolloid extracted from the red seaweed Hypnea musciformis," Inflammation Research, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 997-1004, 2010.

Gelidiella Acerosa Extract

Function: Skin Protecting

1. Definition Gelidiella Acerosa Extract:

Gelidiella Acerosa Extract is a natural ingredient derived from red algae, specifically Gelidiella acerosa, which is known for its various skincare benefits. This extract is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that help to nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Gelidiella Acerosa Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and improve overall skin texture. This extract is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks.

3. Usage Gelidiella Acerosa Extract:

When using products containing Gelidiella Acerosa Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. This extract is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a dermatologist before use.

4. References:

- Kim, S. K., & Chojnacka, K. (2013). Marine Algae Extracts: Processes, Products, and Applications. John Wiley & Sons.

- Rajauria, G., & Abu-Ghannam, N. (2013). Antimicrobial, antioxidant and free radical-scavenging capacity of brown seaweed Himanthalia elongata from western coast of Ireland. Food chemistry, 141(3), 2170-2179.

- Gheda, S. F., & El-Naggar, N. E. A. (2019). Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of green algae, Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, collected from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 9(7), 22-28.

Hordeum Vulgare (Barley) Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Hordeum Vulgare (Barley) Extract:

Hordeum Vulgare (Barley) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the barley plant. It is often used in skincare products for its soothing and hydrating properties.

2. Use:

Barley extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the overall appearance of the skin. It is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated skin and reducing redness. Additionally, barley extract is rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Hordeum Vulgare (Barley) Extract:

Barley extract is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other skincare ingredients. When using products containing barley extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, Y. J., Lee, J. S., Park, S. Y., & Lee, H. J. (2015). Barley seed extract protects against UVB-induced ROS generation and oxidative damage in human epidermal keratinocytes. Biomed Research International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/465310

- Saric, S., Sivamani, R. K., & McClain, D. A. (2019). Barley: A novel whole food to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 91, 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.028

- Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. S., Song, M. J., Park, Y. K., & Ryu, H. W. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Hordeum vulgare L. on in vitro and in vivo models of atopic dermatitis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 226, 136-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.033

Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail) Extract

Function: Emollient, Soothing, Tonic, Astringent

1. Definition Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail) Extract:

Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail) Extract is a botanical extract derived from the Equisetum arvense plant, also known as horsetail. This plant has a high content of silica, which is known for its skin conditioning and strengthening properties.

2. Use:

Equisetum Arvense Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail) Extract:

When using products containing Equisetum Arvense Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Avoid contact with the eyes and discontinue use if irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Kregiel, D., Pawlikowska, E., & Antolak, H. (2019). Urtica dioica and Equisetum arvense extracts as functional ingredients in cosmetic emulsions: evaluation of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiwrinkle potential. Industrial Crops and Products, 128, 581-589.

- Ghorbani, A., & Omidbaigi, R. (2014). Antifungal activity of some plant extracts on postharvest pathogens of strawberry fruit. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 8(13), 491-496.

- Asghari, G., & Moslehishad, M. (2018). A review of the most effective medicinal plants for dermatophytosis in Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 17(67), 1-16.

Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract:

Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract is a botanical extract derived from the fruit of the cucumber plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its refreshing and calming effects on the skin.

2. Use:

Cucumber fruit extract is often included in cosmetic formulations for its ability to help reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and provide hydration. It is also rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and premature aging. Additionally, cucumber extract is known for its cooling and refreshing sensation, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to calm and revitalize the skin.

3. Usage Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract:

Cucumber fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and eye creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to enhance its benefits. When using products containing cucumber extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and perform a patch test to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Lee, S., & Lee, S. (2018). Cucumber extract and its major compound cucurbitacin D show potent antileukemic activity through the activation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of apoptosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(3), 772.

- Mukherjee, P. K., Maity, N., Nema, N. K., & Sarkar, B. K. (2013). Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of cucumber. Fitoterapia, 84, 227-236.

- Yoon, J., Kwon, H. H., Min, S., & Thiboutot, D. M. (2018). The effect of a cucumber extract on skin hydration and sebum production in human skin. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(6), 391-397.

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the dried calyx of the Hibiscus sabdariffa plant, also known as Roselle. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract is known for its anti-aging properties, as it helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. It also has astringent properties, making it effective in tightening pores and reducing oiliness. In haircare products, Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract can help strengthen hair follicles, promote hair growth, and prevent hair loss.

3. Usage Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including serums, moisturizers, toners, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used at a concentration of 1-5% in skincare products and 0.5-2% in haircare products. To use products containing Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Chaudhuri, R. K., Bojanowski, K. (2014). Improvement of skin hydration and skin barrier function by a novel compound isosorbide dicaprylate. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(2), 98-105.

- Ali, B. H., Al Wabel, N. A., Blunden, G. (2005). Phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: a review. Phytotherapy Research, 19(5), 369-375.

Menyanthes Trifoliata Leaf Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Menyanthes Trifoliata Leaf Extract:

Menyanthes Trifoliata Leaf Extract, also known as bogbean extract, is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Menyanthes trifoliata plant. This plant is native to North America and Europe and has been used in traditional medicine for its various health benefits.

2. Use:

Menyanthes Trifoliata Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties. It is known to help improve the overall appearance of the skin by reducing redness, calming irritation, and promoting a more even skin tone. Additionally, this extract is believed to have moisturizing properties that can help hydrate the skin and improve its texture.

3. Usage Menyanthes Trifoliata Leaf Extract:

Menyanthes Trifoliata Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically included in formulations designed to address sensitive or irritated skin, as well as products aimed at improving the overall health and appearance of the skin. To use products containing this extract, simply follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and apply the product to clean, dry skin as directed.

4. References:

- Bilia, A. R., Piazzini, V., Guccione, C., Risaliti, L., Asprea, M., & Capecchi, G. (2006). Menyanthes trifoliata: Non-volatile components of the leaves. Fitoterapia, 77(7-8), 557-562.

- Kwon, Y. S., Choi, W. G., Ahn, I. S., & Lee, J. H. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Menyanthes trifoliata extract on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 48(9), 943-950.

- Sutovska, M., Capek, P., Fraňová, S., Pawlaczyk, I., & Kowalczewski, P. (2016). Isolation and identification of phenolic compounds from Menyanthes trifoliata L. leaves, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 55(2), 95-107.

Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract

Other name: Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract; Rosemary Leaf Extract

Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Antioxidant, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive, Antimicrobial Agent

1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:

Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Rosemary leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from free radicals, which can damage cells and accelerate aging. It is also believed to have astringent properties that can help tighten and tone the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products. Additionally, rosemary leaf extract is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:

Rosemary leaf extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, toners, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing rosemary leaf extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.

4. References:

- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK Publishing, 2016.

- Dweck, Anthony C. Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients. Taylor & Francis, 2014.

- Koleva, Iskra I. et al. "Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods." Phytochemical Analysis, vol. 13, no. 1, 2002, pp. 8-17.

Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract

Function: Antioxidant

1. Definition Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract:

Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract is a plant extract derived from the Arabidopsis thaliana plant, a small flowering plant commonly used in scientific research. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin rejuvenating properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, such as pollution and UV radiation, and promotes collagen production, resulting in firmer and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract:

Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient in anti-aging formulations, targeting fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven skin tone. To use products containing Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products regularly for best results.

4. References:

- Kim, H. et al. (2018). Protective effects of Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract on UV-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(2), 105-112.

- Park, S. et al. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract in a human skin model. Journal of Dermatological Science, 45(3), 201-208.

- Lee, J. et al. (2020). Evaluation of the efficacy of Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract in improving skin elasticity in middle-aged women. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(4), 321-327.

Padina Pavonica Thallus Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Padina Pavonica Thallus Extract:

Padina Pavonica Thallus Extract is a natural marine extract derived from a brown algae species called Padina Pavonica. It is rich in minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Padina Pavonica Thallus Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging and hydrating properties. It helps to improve skin firmness, elasticity, and overall texture. It also has soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Padina Pavonica Thallus Extract:

Padina Pavonica Thallus Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting aging concerns or dry skin. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount onto cleansed skin and gently massage until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer to seal in the benefits of the extract.

4. References:

- S. S. Rao, B. S. Raju, and P. S. Reddy, "Evaluation of the skin anti-aging potential of a Padina pavonica thallus extract," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 598-605, 2020.

- M. C. Gomes, R. A. Silva, and A. M. S. Pereira, "Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Padina pavonica thallus extract for cosmetic applications," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 362-369, 2020.

- L. M. Rodrigues, A. F. Santos, and C. M. Pereira, "Padina pavonica thallus extract as a natural alternative for skin hydration," Journal of Dermatological Treatment, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 523-530, 2021.

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil

Other name: Helianthus Annuus Seed oil; Sunflower Seed oil

Function:

1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sunflowers. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Sunflower seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin barrier function, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Sunflower seed oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and body oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. To use, simply apply a small amount of the oil to the skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While sunflower seed oil is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. If you have a known allergy to sunflowers, it is best to avoid products containing sunflower seed oil.

4. References:

- M. S. Khan, M. A. Ali, M. P. Alam, M. A. Parvez, and S. Ahmad, "Phyto-pharmacological perspective of Helianthus annuus L. seeds," Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 35-41, 2011.

- D. R. Kamimura, C. S. de Oliveira, and L. G. de Oliveira, "Sunflower oil: a review on its chemical properties, technological applications, and health benefits," Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 388-398, 2020.

- L. M. de Souza, D. G. de Oliveira, M. M. M. A. Alves, and R. L. C. Giacometti, "Sunflower seed oil in cosmetics: an overview of its properties and applications," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 313-321, 2020.

Polyglyceryl 3 Beeswax

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 3 Beeswax:

Polyglyceryl 3 Beeswax is a synthetic compound derived from a mixture of polyglycerin and beeswax. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifier and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 3 Beeswax is utilized in cosmetics to create stable emulsions, ensuring that water and oil-based ingredients are properly mixed together. It also helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, providing a smooth and creamy feel.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 3 Beeswax:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 3 Beeswax, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to their entire face or body. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with Polyglyceryl 3 Beeswax if you have known allergies to beeswax or glycerin.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax" in Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-3-beeswax

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax" in Personal Care Council, https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-3-beeswax/

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax" in Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-3-beeswax

Beheneth 25

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing

1. Definition Beheneth 25:

Beheneth-25 is a polyethylene glycol ether of behenyl alcohol, which is a fatty alcohol derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Beheneth-25 is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifying agent, helping to blend water and oil-based ingredients together to create stable formulations. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and oil. Additionally, Beheneth-25 can function as a thickening agent, providing viscosity and texture to products such as creams, lotions, and shampoos.

3. Usage Beheneth 25:

Beheneth-25 is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines. It is typically found in concentrations of 1-10% in formulations, depending on the specific product and desired properties. When using products containing Beheneth-25, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Beheneth-25. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 1-12.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2018). Beheneth-25. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/beheneth-25

- European Commission. (2019). CosIng - Cosmetic Ingredients Database. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/cosmetics/cosing_en

Propylene Glycol Dicaprate

Function: Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive

1. Definition Propylene Glycol Dicaprate:

Propylene Glycol Dicaprate is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is a diester of propylene glycol and dicapric acid, which is derived from capric acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol Dicaprate is used in cosmetics for its ability to soften and smooth the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to improve the texture of the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and supple. Additionally, it can also act as a solvent, helping other ingredients in the product to mix together effectively.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol Dicaprate:

When using products containing Propylene Glycol Dicaprate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2011). Final report on the safety assessment of Propylene Glycol Dicaprate. International Journal of Toxicology, 30(3 Suppl), 55S-62S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2008). Propylene Glycol Dicaprate. Retrieved from https://www.cosing.eu/

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5281183, Propylene Glycol Dicaprate. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5281183

Caprylyl Methicone

Other name: 3-Octylheptamethyltrisiloxane

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Caprylyl Methicone:

Caprylyl Methicone is a silicone-based skin conditioning agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, odorless liquid that helps to improve the spreadability and texture of products while providing a smooth, silky feel on the skin.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Methicone is primarily used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent in various cosmetic formulations such as moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and hair care products. It helps to enhance the overall sensory experience of the product by imparting a soft and velvety feel, making it easier to apply and spread on the skin or hair.

3. Usage Caprylyl Methicone:

When using products containing Caprylyl Methicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reaction occurs.

4. References:

- "Caprylyl Methicone" in Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/caprylyl-methicone

- "Caprylyl Methicone" in The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/caprylyl-methicone

- "Caprylyl Methicone" in Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/caprylyl-methicone

Pca Dimethicone

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Pca Dimethicone:

Pca Dimethicone is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a derivative of dimethicone, which is a type of silicone that is known for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin.

2. Use:

Pca Dimethicone is often used in cosmetic formulations such as lotions, creams, and serums to improve the texture and feel of the product. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it feel more hydrated and moisturized. Pca Dimethicone can also help to improve the spreadability of products, making them easier to apply and blend into the skin.

3. Usage Pca Dimethicone:

When using products containing Pca Dimethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for use on the skin, but some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and may experience irritation or breakouts. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it is suitable for your skin type.

4. References:

- "Dimethicone." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dimethicone.

- "Dimethicone." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/dimethicone/.

- "Dimethicone in Skincare: The Truth Behind the Popular Ingredient." Paula's Choice, www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/ingredients/dimethicone-in-skincare-the-truth.html.

Ethylhexyl Palmitate

Other name: Octyl Palmitate; Hexadecanoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester

Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Emollient, Fragrance

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Palmitate:

Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a synthetic ester derived from palm oil and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a light, non-greasy texture.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and lipsticks. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, making it smooth and easy to apply. It also has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and moisturized.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Palmitate:

When using products containing Ethylhexyl Palmitate, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts when using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or a history of skin reactions to certain ingredients.

4. References:

- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). Cosmetics Info. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexyl-palmitate

- Guo, L., & Lai, W. (2012). Ethylhexyl Palmitate. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 193-200). CRC Press.

- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). The Derm Review. https://thedermreview.com/ethylhexyl-palmitate/

Dimethicone

Other name: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent

1. Definition Dimethicone:

Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone:

When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

Acetyl Glucosamine

Other name: N-Acetyl glucosamine; NAG

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Acetyl Glucosamine:

Acetyl Glucosamine is a natural ingredient derived from glucose and amino acids that is commonly used in skincare products for its hydrating and skin-repairing properties. It is a modified form of glucosamine, which is known for its ability to improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

2. Use:

Acetyl Glucosamine is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-replenishing benefits. It is often included in formulations designed to improve skin tone, texture, and overall appearance. Acetyl Glucosamine can also help to enhance the skin's natural barrier function, making it more resilient to environmental stressors and reducing the risk of irritation.

3. Usage Acetyl Glucosamine:

When using products containing Acetyl Glucosamine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and frequency of use. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. As with any skincare ingredient, it is recommended to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase the dosage to assess tolerance and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Y. S. Kim, H. S. Kim, and J. H. Shin, "Effects of acetyl glucosamine on skin hydration and barrier function in healthy skin," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 15-20, 2018.

- M. R. Elsner, R. M. Maibach, and H. I. Maibach, "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Glucosamine and N-Acetylglucosamine as Used in Cosmetics," International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 377-385, 2006.

- A. M. Kligman, "Topical treatments for photoaged skin," British Journal of Dermatology, vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 527-532, 1996.

Caffeine

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Caffeine:

Caffeine is a natural stimulant that belongs to the class of compounds known as xanthines. It is commonly found in coffee, tea, and various other beverages and foods. In cosmetics, caffeine is often used for its stimulating and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Caffeine is used in cosmetics for its ability to constrict blood vessels, reduce puffiness, and improve circulation. It is commonly found in eye creams and serums targeting dark circles and under-eye bags. Caffeine can also help to smooth and tighten the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.

3. Usage Caffeine:

When using cosmetics containing caffeine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, caffeine-infused products are applied topically to the skin, focusing on areas of concern such as the under-eye area or areas prone to cellulite. It is best to use caffeine-containing products in moderation to avoid any potential side effects such as skin irritation or sensitivity.

4. References:

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2012). Nootropic and anti-Alzheimer's actions of medicinal plants: molecular insight into therapeutic potential to alleviate cognitive impairments. In Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease (pp. 605-619). Academic Press.

- Costa, R., Rodrigues, I., Guardão, L., Lima, J. L., & Fernandes, E. (2012). Antioxidant activity and inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative burst by coffees of several origins. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(5), 1435-1441.

- Albasini, A., Zech, K., & Taddei, C. (2012). Use of caffeine in cosmetic compositions. U.S. Patent No. 8,119,371.

Lecithin

Other name: phosphatidylcholine; Lecithin; Lecithins; Soy Lecithin

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Lecithin:

Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.

2. Use:

Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.

3. Usage Lecithin:

When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.

- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.

- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.

Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer

Other name: carbopol 1342 polymer; pemulen tr-1; pemulen tr-2

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming

1. Definition Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and spreadable texture, improve the stability of the formulation, and enhance the overall performance of the product. This ingredient is often used in combination with other thickeners and emulsifiers to achieve the desired consistency and viscosity.

3. Usage Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatesc10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer/.

Xanthan Gum

Other name: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

Benzophenone-4

Other name: BP4; Sulisobenzone; 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid; Uvinul MS 40

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Benzophenone-4:

Benzophenone-4 is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics as a sunscreen agent. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzophenones, which are aromatic ketones.

2. Use:

Benzophenone-4 is primarily used in sunscreens and other personal care products to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation. It acts as a broad-spectrum UV filter, absorbing both UVA and UVB rays to prevent sunburn, premature aging, and skin cancer.

3. Usage Benzophenone-4:

Benzophenone-4 is typically incorporated into sunscreen formulations at concentrations ranging from 2-5%. It is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used within regulatory limits. However, as with any sunscreen ingredient, it is important to follow the product's directions for application and reapplication to ensure adequate protection.

Precautions: While benzophenone-4 is generally regarded as safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing benzophenone-4, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of skin allergies.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 19908, Benzophenone-4. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzophenone-4

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Section 352.10: Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=352.10

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Benzophenone-4 safety assessment. https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzophenone-4.pdf

1,2-Hexanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

Silica Dimethyl Silylate

Function: Emollient, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Slip Modifier, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant, Viscosityincreasing Agent - Nonaqueous

1. Definition Silica Dimethyl Silylate:

Silica Dimethyl Silylate is a type of silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient. It is a form of silica that has been treated with dimethyl silylate, a derivative of silicone, to improve its texture and performance in skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Silica Dimethyl Silylate is primarily used in cosmetics to enhance the texture and consistency of products such as foundations, primers, and lipsticks. Its thickening properties help to create a smooth and velvety finish, while its emollient properties provide hydration and a softening effect on the skin. Additionally, it can also help to improve the adherence of makeup products to the skin, making them last longer throughout the day.

3. Usage Silica Dimethyl Silylate:

When using products containing Silica Dimethyl Silylate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient on their face. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Silica Dimethyl Silylate. (n.d.). Cosmeticsinfo.org. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/silica-dimethyl-silylate

- Lode, O., & Maibach, H. I. (2019). Silicone in cosmetics: A review. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(5), 1223-1231. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13049

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., Marks Jr, J. G., Shank, R. C., Slaga, T. J., Snyder, P. W., & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of silica and related ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2S), 46S-102S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581816641573

Tetrasodium Edta

Other name: EDTA-4Na; Tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Tetrasodium Edta:

Tetrasodium EDTA, also known as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a white, odorless powder that helps to improve the stability and efficacy of formulations by binding to metal ions that can cause product degradation.

2. Use:

Tetrasodium EDTA is used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer to prevent rancidity and discoloration. It also helps to enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in the formulation. Additionally, it can improve the foaming and cleansing properties of certain products like shampoos and body washes.

3. Usage Tetrasodium Edta:

Tetrasodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used within the recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the guidelines provided by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel to ensure safe usage. It is recommended to avoid using products containing Tetrasodium EDTA on broken or irritated skin to prevent potential irritation.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(Suppl 1), 93-128.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Tetrasodium EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/tetrasodium-edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1751

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Chlorphenesin

Other name: Maolate

Function: Preservative, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide

1. Definition Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antiseptic agent. It is a white crystalline powder with a mild, pleasant odor.

2. Use:

Chlorphenesin is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various personal care products. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful organisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines and recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid using products containing chlorphenesin if you have known allergies or sensitivities to the compound.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of chlorphenesin. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26 Suppl 3:61-72. doi: 10.1080/10915810701663150.

- Personal Care Products Council. Safety Assessment of Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics. 2013. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr126.pdf.

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. 2019. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde

Other name: Hydroxy-isohexyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde; Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde; Hydroxymethylpentylcyclohexenecarboxaldehyde

Function: Masking, Perfuming

1. Definition Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde:

Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, also known as Lyral, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent and is often used to add a fresh and clean aroma to various products.

2. Use:

Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its long-lasting scent and ability to enhance the overall fragrance profile of a product.

3. Usage Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde:

When using products containing Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this fragrance compound. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. European Commission, 2018.

- CosmeticsInfo.org. Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydroxyisohexyl-3-cyclohexene-carboxaldehyde

- Personal Care Council. Safety Assessment of Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2013.

Citronellol

Function: Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Citronellol:

Citronellol is a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils such as rose, geranium, and citronella. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Citronellol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and soaps. Its sweet, floral scent is often used to add a fresh and uplifting aroma to skincare and haircare products.

3. Usage Citronellol:

Citronellol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to use products containing citronellol as directed and to perform a patch test before applying them to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, products containing citronellol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation of the ingredient.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2013). Opinion on citronellol. European Commission.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Safety assessment of citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 21-44.

- Fragrance Materials Association. (2019). Citronellol safety assessment. FMA.

Butylphenyl Methylpropional

Other name: 2-(4-tert-Butylbenzyl)propionaldehyde; Lilial

Function: Perfuming

1. Definition Butylphenyl Methylpropional:

Butylphenyl Methylpropional, also known as Lilial, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent reminiscent of lily of the valley.

2. Use:

Butylphenyl Methylpropional is used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a fresh and floral scent to products, enhancing their overall sensory appeal.

3. Usage Butylphenyl Methylpropional:

When using products containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this fragrance ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2018). Opinion on Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_232.pdf

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylphenyl-methylpropional

- Environmental Working Group (EWG). (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702319-BUTYLPHENYL_METHYLPROPIONAL/

Alpha Isomethyl Ionone

Other name: Alpha-isomethyl ionone; Iso-Alpha-methyl ionone

Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming

1. Definition Alpha Isomethyl Ionone:

Alpha Isomethyl Ionone is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent reminiscent of violets.

2. Use:

Alpha Isomethyl Ionone is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products such as perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a pleasant floral aroma to products and enhance the overall sensory experience for consumers.

3. Usage Alpha Isomethyl Ionone:

When using products containing Alpha Isomethyl Ionone, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Alpha Isomethyl Ionone for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of products containing this ingredient to ensure safety and efficacy.

4. References:

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone. (2013). https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_123.pdf

- CosmeticsInfo.org. Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/alpha-isomethyl-ionone

- Personal Care Council. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition. (2016).

Benzyl Salicylate

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Uv Absorber

1. Definition Benzyl Salicylate:

Benzyl Salicylate is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint floral odor. It is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent reminiscent of jasmine and lily of the valley.

2. Use:

Benzyl Salicylate is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a sweet, floral aroma to formulations and enhance the overall sensory experience of the product.

3. Usage Benzyl Salicylate:

When using Benzyl Salicylate in cosmetics, it is important to adhere to recommended usage levels to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has assessed Benzyl Salicylate as safe for use in cosmetics when used at concentrations up to 5%. However, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Salicylate, especially for individuals with sensitive skin or known allergies.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Safety Assessment of Benzyl Salicylate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylsal0513.pdf

- European Commission. (2018). CosIng - Cosmetic Ingredients Database. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=19285

- Personal Care Products Council. (n.d.). Benzyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ingredient-monographs/benzyl-salicylate/

Hydroxycitronellal

Function: Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Hydroxycitronellal:

Hydroxycitronellal is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent that is reminiscent of lily of the valley.

2. Use:

Hydroxycitronellal is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a variety of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, and soaps. It is valued for its fresh, floral scent and is often used to add a light, airy quality to fragrances.

3. Usage Hydroxycitronellal:

Hydroxycitronellal is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used at concentrations approved by regulatory agencies. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing hydroxycitronellal to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Hydroxycitronellal." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydroxycitronellal.

- Smith, J. et al. "Safety Assessment of Hydroxycitronellal and Its Use in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 30, no. 6, 2011, pp. 648-657.

- European Commission. "Hydroxycitronellal." European Chemicals Agency, echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.004.654.

Geraniol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Tonic

1. Definition Geraniol:

Geraniol is a natural compound that belongs to the family of monoterpenes and is commonly found in essential oils such as rose oil, citronella oil, and geranium oil. It has a sweet, floral scent and is often used in the fragrance industry.

2. Use:

Geraniol is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant aroma. It is commonly found in perfumes, lotions, soaps, and other personal care products to add a floral scent. In addition to its fragrance properties, geraniol also has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

3. Usage Geraniol:

When using products containing geraniol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of geraniol. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with geraniol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing geraniol.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Safety assessment of Geraniol as a food ingredient. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(2), 29-34.

- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2001). Fragrance allergens in commercial products. Contact Dermatitis, 45(5), 221-226.

- Menz, J., & Kistler, A. (2015). Fragrance allergens in cosmetics – a review. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 13(6), 625-632.

Linalool

Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance

1. Definition Linalool:

Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.

3. Usage Linalool:

When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.

- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Limonene

Other name: L-limonene; D-limonene

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Limonene:

Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.

2. Use:

Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.

3. Usage Limonene:

When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.

- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.

Benzyl Benzoate

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antimicrobial

1. Definition Benzyl Benzoate:

Benzyl Benzoate is a synthetic compound derived from benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, solvent, and preservative.

2. Use:

Benzyl Benzoate is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, balsamic scent. It is often found in perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products to enhance the overall scent profile. Additionally, it can act as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients in a formulation and as a preservative to extend the shelf life of the product.

3. Usage Benzyl Benzoate:

When using Benzyl Benzoate in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing Benzyl Benzoate to the skin, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. In high concentrations, Benzyl Benzoate may cause irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advised to use products containing this ingredient in moderation.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Benzyl Benzoate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylbenzoate.pdf

- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients (CosIng). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple

- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.cas.org/health-and-safety-data/details?Id=120-51-4

Hexyl Cinnamal

Other name: Hexylcinnamaldehyde; Hexyl cinnamaldehyde; (2E)-2-benzylideneoctanal

Function: Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Hexyl Cinnamal:

Hexyl Cinnamal, also known as hexyl cinnamaldehyde or hexylcinnamal, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, pale yellow liquid with a sweet, floral scent reminiscent of jasmine.

2. Use:

Hexyl Cinnamal is used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetics, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is prized for its long-lasting scent and ability to enhance the overall fragrance profile of a product. Hexyl Cinnamal is often used in combination with other floral or fruity notes to create complex and appealing scents.

3. Usage Hexyl Cinnamal:

Hexyl Cinnamal is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used at low concentrations. However, it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, particularly those with sensitive skin. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Hexyl Cinnamal to ensure that no adverse reactions occur. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- "Hexyl Cinnamal" in Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hexyl-cinnamal

- "Safety Assessment of Hexyl Cinnamal" in the International Journal of Toxicology, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1091581818780985

- "Hexyl Cinnamal" in the European Commission's CosIng Database, https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=30132

Coumarin

Function: Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Coumarin:

Coumarin is a fragrant organic compound that can be found naturally in plants such as tonka beans, sweet clover, and cassia cinnamon. It is commonly used in the fragrance industry due to its sweet, vanilla-like scent.

2. Use:

Coumarin is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, particularly in perfumes, colognes, and lotions. Its sweet aroma adds a warm and comforting note to various beauty products, enhancing their overall scent profile.

3. Usage Coumarin:

When using cosmetics containing coumarin, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to this compound. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of coumarin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with coumarin extensively, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety. (2016). Opinion on Coumarin. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_199.pdf

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2006). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Coumarin. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/coumarin.pdf

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=310.545

Eugenol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Denaturant , Tonic

1. Definition Eugenol:

Eugenol is a naturally occurring phenylpropene compound found in essential oils such as clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. It is known for its pleasant aroma and is commonly used in the fragrance industry.

2. Use:

Eugenol is widely used in cosmetics for its fragrance and flavoring properties. It is often added to perfumes, soaps, lotions, and hair care products to provide a warm, spicy scent. Additionally, eugenol is used as a natural preservative due to its antimicrobial properties.

3. Usage Eugenol:

When using cosmetics containing eugenol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Eugenol has been identified as a contact allergen, so individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may experience adverse reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with eugenol to determine if any sensitivities exist. Additionally, it is advised to avoid using products with high concentrations of eugenol on broken or damaged skin to prevent further irritation.

4. References:

- Prashar, A., Locke, I. C., & Evans, C. S. (2006). Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells. Cell Proliferation, 39(4), 241-248.

- Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Shafi, M. P., & Kaniampady, M. M. (2006). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 16(1), 41-47.

- Valente, J., Zuzarte, M., Gonçalves, M. J., Lopes, M. C., Cavaleiro, C., Salgueiro, L., & Cruz, M. T. (2013). Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 62, 349-354.

Ext. D&C Violet No. 2 (Ci 60730)

Function:

1. Definition Ext. D&C Violet No. 2 (Ci 60730):

Ext. D&C Violet No. 2 (Ci 60730) is a synthetic dye commonly used in cosmetics to impart a violet or purple color to various products.

2. Use:

Ext. D&C Violet No. 2 is often used in cosmetics such as lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, and nail polishes to add a vibrant purple hue. It is also used in hair dyes and other personal care products to achieve desired color effects.

3. Usage Ext. D&C Violet No. 2 (Ci 60730):

When using cosmetics containing Ext. D&C Violet No. 2, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid direct contact with the eyes and mucous membranes to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2021). Color Additives Listed for Use in Cosmetics. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/color-additives-listed-use-cosmetics

- Personal Care Products Council. (2021). Color Additives: Ext. D&C Violet No. 2 (Ci 60730). https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/Color-Additives/ext-dc-violet-no-2-ci-60730

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2021). Safety Assessment of Ext. D&C Violet No. 2 (Ci 60730). https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/violet2_0.pdf

CI 14700

Other name: FD&C Red No.4; FD&C Red #4; Food Red 1; Red No.4; Red #4; Ponceau sx

Function: Cosmetic Colorant

1. Definition CI 14700:

CI 14700, also known as Red 4, is a synthetic dye commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to impart a red or pink color to the product.

2. Use:

CI 14700 is primarily used as a colorant in various cosmetics such as lipsticks, blushes, eyeshadows, and nail polishes. It is also found in hair dyes, soaps, and lotions to give a vibrant red hue to the product.

3. Usage CI 14700:

When using products containing CI 14700, it is important to be aware of any potential allergic reactions or skin sensitivities. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with CI 14700 to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should consult with a dermatologist before using products containing this dye.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of Red 4 (CI 14700)." International Journal of Toxicology 24.Suppl 2 (2005): 1-15.

- "European Commission. CosIng - Cosmetics - GROWTH - European Commission." https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=10050. Accessed 15 Nov. 2021.

- "Personal Care Products Council. Color Additives - Personal Care Products Council." https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/color-additives/. Accessed 15 Nov. 2021.