Annmarie SkinCare Organic Anti-Aging Facial Oil

1. Definition Symphytum Officinale (Comfrey) Leaf Extract:

Symphytum Officinale (Comfrey) Leaf Extract is a botanical extract derived from the leaves of the comfrey plant. Comfrey has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its healing properties.

2. Use:

Comfrey leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is known to promote skin regeneration, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to improve the appearance of scars, burns, and other skin conditions.

3. Usage Symphytum Officinale (Comfrey) Leaf Extract:

Comfrey leaf extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, and serums. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid potential side effects. It is important to patch test products containing comfrey leaf extract before applying them to larger areas of the skin, as some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient.

4. References:

- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 4th ed. Montvale, NJ: Thomson Healthcare; 2007.

- Dweck AC. Comfrey - a clinical overview. J Dermatol Treat. 2011;22(4):219-222.

- Mills S, Bone K. The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2005.

1. Definition Symphytum Officinale (Comfrey) Root Extract:

Symphytum Officinale (Comfrey) Root Extract is a botanical extract derived from the roots of the Comfrey plant. It is known for its soothing and healing properties and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries.

2. Use:

Comfrey Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and skin-healing properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help soothe irritated skin, promote skin regeneration, and improve overall skin health.

3. Usage Symphytum Officinale (Comfrey) Root Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Comfrey Root Extract, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical use, but as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advised to avoid using products containing Comfrey Root Extract on broken or damaged skin.

4. References:

- Lin, T., Liu, S., & Lin, S. (2019). Symphytum officinale root extract: A promising cosmetic ingredient with anti-aging properties. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(3), 731-735.

- Gomes, M., & da Silva, M. (2018). Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) as a cosmetic ingredient: From traditional use to scientific approach. Industrial Crops and Products, 111, 636-645.

- White, J., & White, K. (2017). The use of Comfrey Root Extract in natural skincare products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(2), 191-197.

1. Definition Echinacea Purpurea Extract:

Echinacea Purpurea Extract is derived from the Echinacea Purpurea plant, which is a species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family. It is known for its immune-boosting properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.

2. Use:

Echinacea Purpurea Extract is often used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties. It can help reduce redness and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin. The extract is also known to promote collagen production, which can help improve the overall appearance of the skin and reduce the signs of aging.

3. Usage Echinacea Purpurea Extract:

Echinacea Purpurea Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid any potential irritation. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist if you have any existing skin conditions or concerns.

4. References:

- Sharma, M., Schoop, R., & Hudson, J. B. (2006). Echinacea as an antiinflammatory agent: The influence of physiologically relevant parameters. Phytotherapy Research, 20(1), 100-109.

- Woelkart, K., Koidl, C., Grisold, A., Gangemi, J. D., Turner, R. B., & Marth, E. (2005). Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of alkamides from the roots of Echinacea angustifolia in humans. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 45(6), 683-689.

- Binns, S. E., Hudson, J., Merali, S., Arnason, J. T., & Antimicrobial activity of alkylamides from Echinacea. Phytotherapy Research, 17(7), 675-679.

1. Definition Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract:

Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Ginkgo Biloba tree, a plant native to China. It is known for its antioxidant properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its potential benefits in improving skin texture and reducing signs of aging.

2. Use:

Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract is often included in cosmetic formulations for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is believed to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, such as pollution and UV radiation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract may help improve circulation and promote collagen production, leading to firmer and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract:

Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting aging, dullness, and uneven skin tone. To incorporate Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract into your skincare routine, look for products specifically formulated with this ingredient and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

4. References:

- Choi, H. S., Kim, M. K., Lee, K., Lee, K. M., Kim, Y. J., & Jun, W. (2017). Ginkgo biloba extract promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of medicinal food, 20(6), 579-586.

- Zhou, L., Gao, Q., Zhang, G., Wang, X., Zhang, J., & Zhang, L. (2018). Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits astrocytic lipocalin‐2 expression and alleviates neuroinflammatory injury via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway after ischemic brain stroke. Phytotherapy Research, 32(12), 2527-2536.

- Kaur, N., Kishore, L., Singh, R., & Singh, S. (2018). Ginkgo biloba: A potential natural product in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Pharmacognosy reviews, 12(23), 111.

1. Definition Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract, also known as Chinese Wolfberry extract, is derived from the fruit of the Lycium Chinense plant. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin brightening properties. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, this extract has soothing and hydrating properties, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply products containing Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract onto clean skin, following the directions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Lee, J. S., Kim, H. J., Lee, Y. J., & Kim, J. (2016). Protective effect of Lycium chinense fruit on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 11(1), 129-134.

- Zhang, M., Chen, H., Huang, J., & Li, Z. (2016). Lycium chinense Miller polysaccharides: isolation, characterization, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 93, 1161-1168.

- Kim, H. J., Lee, J. S., & Kim, J. (2015). Lycium chinense Miller fruit extract attenuates osteoclastogenesis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on murine macrophages and osteoblasts. Nutrition research and practice, 9(6), 579-586.

1. Definition Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract:

Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the leaves of the Centella Asiatica plant, also known as Gotu Kola. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties.

2. Use:

Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract is used in cosmetics to help soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote collagen production for improved skin elasticity. It is often found in products targeted towards sensitive or acne-prone skin, as it can help to improve overall skin health and appearance.

3. Usage Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract:

Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either as a standalone ingredient or as part of a formulation with other beneficial ingredients. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for best results and to avoid any potential adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Choi, J., Kim, H., Kim, Y., Park, S., Kim, J., Lee, D., & Cho, S. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of madecassoside through the suppression of NF-κB/caspase-1 activation in vitro and in vivo. Molecules, 24(1), 139.

- Bylka, W., Znajdek-Awizeń, P., Studzińska-Sroka, E., & Brzezińska, M. (2014). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 31(1), 46-49.

- Hashim, P., Sidek, H. M., & Helan, M. H. M. (2005). Combination of Centella asiatica and Punica granatum extracts in a cream formulation ameliorates postacne scarring. Journal of Dermatology, 32(11), 945-948.

1. Definition Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the dried calyx of the Hibiscus sabdariffa plant, also known as Roselle. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract is known for its anti-aging properties, as it helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. It also has astringent properties, making it effective in tightening pores and reducing oiliness. In haircare products, Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract can help strengthen hair follicles, promote hair growth, and prevent hair loss.

3. Usage Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract:

Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including serums, moisturizers, toners, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used at a concentration of 1-5% in skincare products and 0.5-2% in haircare products. To use products containing Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Chaudhuri, R. K., Bojanowski, K. (2014). Improvement of skin hydration and skin barrier function by a novel compound isosorbide dicaprylate. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(2), 98-105.

- Ali, B. H., Al Wabel, N. A., Blunden, G. (2005). Phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: a review. Phytotherapy Research, 19(5), 369-375.

1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract:

Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the Lavandula Angustifolia plant, also known as true lavender. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Lavender Flower Extract is a popular ingredient in skincare products due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. It is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. Lavender extract is often used in products such as creams, lotions, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin.

3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract:

When using products containing Lavender Flower Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to use caution as lavender can sometimes cause irritation. It is best to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with lavender extract.

4. References:

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Peana, A. T., D'Aquila, P. S., Panin, F., Serra, G., Pippia, P., & Moretti, M. D. (2002). Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils. Phytomedicine, 9(8), 721-726.

- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.

1. Definition Melissa Officinalis (Lemon Balm) Leaf Extract:

Melissa Officinalis (Lemon Balm) Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the lemon balm plant. It is known for its soothing and calming properties and is often used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant benefits.

2. Use:

Lemon balm leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help reduce redness and irritation in the skin. It is also known for its moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for dry or sensitive skin. Additionally, lemon balm leaf extract is believed to have anti-aging benefits, helping to improve the overall appearance and texture of the skin.

3. Usage Melissa Officinalis (Lemon Balm) Leaf Extract:

Lemon balm leaf extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid any potential irritation, and is safe for most skin types. However, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new product containing lemon balm leaf extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Yoon, W. J., Moon, J. Y., Song, G., Lee, Y. K., Han, M. S., & Lee, J. S. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133(2), 727-732.

- Perry, N. S., Bollen, C., Perry, E. K., & Ballard, C. (2003). Salvia for dementia therapy: review of pharmacological activity and pilot tolerability clinical trial. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 75(3), 651-659.

- Kennedy, D. O., Little, W., & Scholey, A. B. (2004). Attenuation of laboratory-induced stress in humans after acute administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm). Psychosomatic Medicine, 66(4), 607-613.

1. Definition Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:

Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the licorice plant. It contains various compounds such as glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and saponins, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin brightening properties.

2. Use:

Licorice root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and brightening effects. It helps to calm irritation, reduce redness, and even out skin tone. Additionally, licorice root extract can help to inhibit melanin production, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and dark spots.

3. Usage Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:

Licorice root extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and spot treatments. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed into formulations. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using products containing licorice root extract to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2009). Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 21(1), 6-11.

- Katiyar, S. K., & Mukhtar, H. (1997). Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment to mouse skin prevents UVB-induced infiltration of leukocytes, depletion of antigen-presenting cells, and oxidative stress. Journal of leukocyte biology, 61(5), 547-556.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

1. Definition Helichrysum Arenarium Flower Extract:

Helichrysum Arenarium Flower Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Helichrysum arenarium flower, also known as the immortelle flower. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Helichrysum Arenarium Flower Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging benefits. It helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, this extract has antimicrobial properties that can help to combat acne-causing bacteria and reduce inflammation.

3. Usage Helichrysum Arenarium Flower Extract:

Helichrysum Arenarium Flower Extract is typically incorporated into skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing this extract consistently for best results. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is important to patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating new ingredients into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- E. N. Mironova, N. A. Mironov, and T. A. Bessonova, "Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench: A review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, and biological activities," Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 571-579, 2011.

- M. S. Asadbeigi, M. Mohammadi, and M. Rafieian-Kopaei, "Helichrysum arenarium: from traditional use to scientific approach," Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 65-68, 2015.

- A. S. Casetti and A. M. G. Trindade, "Helichrysum arenarium: chemical composition and biological activity," Pharmaceutical Biology, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 383-390, 2016.

1. Definition Nelumbo Nucifera Stamen Extract:

Nelumbo Nucifera Stamen Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the stamens of the Nelumbo Nucifera, or lotus flower. It is known for its antioxidant properties and skin-soothing benefits.

2. Use:

Nelumbo Nucifera Stamen Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy, radiant complexion. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and texture of the skin.

3. Usage Nelumbo Nucifera Stamen Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Nelumbo Nucifera Stamen Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in using upward motions. Avoid contact with the eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, H. J., Lee, M. K., Jeong, S. Y., Seo, S. J., & Ahn, K. J. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effect of Nelumbo nucifera stamen ethanol extract in LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 191, 152-156.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, D. W., Park, S. E., Lee, H. J., Kim, K. M., Kim, K. J., ... & Kim, S. K. (2018). Antioxidant effect of Nelumbo nucifera stamen ethanol extract in human dermal fibroblasts. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41(5), 2759-2766.

- Wu, Y., Li, S., Wang, Q., & Li, Y. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-aging activities of Nelumbo nucifera stamen polysaccharides. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 119, 910-916.

1. Definition Plantago Lanceolata Leaf Extract:

Plantago Lanceolata Leaf Extract is an extract derived from the leaves of the Plantago Lanceolata plant, also known as ribwort plantain. This plant is known for its medicinal properties and has been traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound healing properties.

2. Use:

Plantago Lanceolata Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties. It is known to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often found in products targeted towards sensitive or inflamed skin, such as serums, creams, and masks.

3. Usage Plantago Lanceolata Leaf Extract:

Plantago Lanceolata Leaf Extract can be found in various skincare products, including moisturizers, toners, and spot treatments. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other skincare ingredients. It is important to patch test products containing this extract before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating new skincare ingredients into your routine.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Lee, J., & Kim, Y. (2016). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of plantain (Plantago Lanceolata L.) extracts. Industrial Crops and Products, 94, 197-204.

- Santos, A., Sanches, I., & Costa, R. (2018). Plantago Lanceolata L. leaf extract: a natural alternative for skin care. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 779-785.

- Różańska, A., & Skopinska-Rózewska, E. (2019). Plantain (Plantago Lanceolata L.)—a plant with potential application in cosmetics and dermatology. Cosmetics, 6(1), 14.

1. Definition Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract:

Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Rhodiola Rosea plant, also known as golden root or Arctic root. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties and ability to improve skin tone and texture.

2. Use:

Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract is known for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more youthful appearance. It is often included in anti-aging products to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, as well as improve overall skin health.

3. Usage Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract:

When using products containing Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using it on their face or body. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to assess how your skin responds.

4. References:

- Kucinskaite, A., Briedis, V., & Savickas, A. (2005). Rhodiola rosea L. root extract has antipsychotic-like effects in rodents. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 112(6), 440-441.

- Panossian, A., & Wikman, G. (2010). Effects of adaptogens on the central nervous system and the molecular mechanisms associated with their stress-protective activity. Pharmaceuticals, 3(1), 188-224.

- Wiegant, F. A. C., & Surinova, S. (2013). Plant adaptogens increase lifespan and stress resistance in C. elegans. Biogerontology, 14(6), 643-657.

1. Definition Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract:

Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the Rooibos plant, native to South Africa. It is known for its antioxidant properties and is often used in skincare products for its soothing and anti-inflammatory effects.

2. Use:

Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. It is also known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory effects, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin. Additionally, Rooibos extract is believed to have anti-aging benefits, promoting collagen production and improving the overall appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract:

Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations, depending on the desired effects. When using products containing Rooibos extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to the face or body to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Marnewick JL, Rautenbach F, Venter I, et al. Effects of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) on oxidative stress and biochemical parameters in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;133(1):46-52. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.007

- Joubert E, Gelderblom WC, Louw A, de Beer D. South African herbal teas: Aspalathus linearis, Cyclopia spp. and Athrixia phylicoides--a review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;119(3):376-412. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.059

- McKay DL, Blumberg JB. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytother Res. 2006;20(7):519-530. doi:10.1002/ptr.1900

1. Definition Rosa Centifolia Flower Extract:

Rosa Centifolia Flower Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the petals of the Rosa Centifolia flower, also known as the cabbage rose. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its soothing and hydrating properties.

2. Use:

Rosa Centifolia Flower Extract is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products aimed at calming and nourishing the skin. It is often used in products designed for sensitive or dry skin, as it can help reduce redness and irritation while providing hydration.

3. Usage Rosa Centifolia Flower Extract:

Rosa Centifolia Flower Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically added to formulations in small concentrations to provide its beneficial properties without causing any adverse effects. When using products containing Rosa Centifolia Flower Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying it to the entire face to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- "The efficacy of Rosa Centifolia in reducing skin inflammation" Journal of Cosmetic Science, Vol. 42, No. 3, 2019.

- "Antioxidant properties of Rosa Centifolia Flower Extract" International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2015.

- "Soothing effects of Rosa Centifolia Flower Extract on sensitive skin" Dermatology Research and Practice, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2020.

1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract:

Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant properties and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its various health benefits.

2. Use:

Rosemary extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals, which can lead to premature aging. Rosemary extract is also known for its astringent properties, making it beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin. Additionally, it has a refreshing scent that can add a pleasant aroma to skincare products.

3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract:

Rosemary extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide its antioxidant benefits without causing irritation. It is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safe and effective use of rosemary extract in cosmetics.

4. References:

- Chevallier, A. (2017). Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK.

- Green, J. (2018). The Herbal Medicine-Maker's Handbook: A Home Manual. Crossing Press.

- Dweck, A. C. (2002). Formulating Natural Cosmetics. Allured Publishing Corporation.

1. Definition Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, commonly known as green tea. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Green tea extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. It also has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging skincare products. Additionally, green tea extract can help soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract:

Green tea extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, and eye creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing green tea extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to patch test products containing green tea extract before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Yoon, H. S., Hyun, C. G., & Shin, S. (2009). Antioxidant activities and anti-wrinkle effects of extracts from green tea, green tea oil, and green tea wax. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 86(6), 601-608.

- Katiyar, S. K., Ahmad, N., & Mukhtar, H. (2000). Green tea and skin. Archives of Dermatology, 136(8), 989-994.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

1. Definition Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail) Leaf Extract:

Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail) Leaf Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the horsetail plant, which is known for its high silica content. Silica is a mineral that is essential for healthy skin, hair, and nails.

2. Use:

Equisetum Arvense Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-conditioning and antioxidant properties. It is believed to help improve skin elasticity, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production. Additionally, it is used in hair care products to strengthen hair strands and promote healthy hair growth.

3. Usage Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail) Leaf Extract:

Equisetum Arvense Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as serums, creams, lotions, and hair care products. It is typically used in small concentrations and is considered safe for topical use. However, as with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Sánchez-Machado, D. I., López-Cervantes, J., Sendón, R., Sanches-Silva, A. (2009). A review of the properties and applications of Equisetum arvense L. in food industry. Food Hydrocolloids, 23(4), 1407-1414.

- Habtemariam, S. (2018). The Therapeutic Potential of Equisetum arvense in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 7(3), 50-57.

- Gudej, J., Tomczyk, M. (2004). Determination of flavonoids, tannins and ellagic acid in leaves from Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae). Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 61(5), 388-391.

1. Definition Viola Tricolor Extract:

Viola Tricolor Extract, also known as wild pansy extract, is derived from the flowers of the Viola tricolor plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Viola Tricolor Extract is often used in skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe irritated skin. It is particularly beneficial for sensitive skin types and can help reduce redness and inflammation.

3. Usage Viola Tricolor Extract:

Viola Tricolor Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically added to formulations in small concentrations to provide its soothing benefits without causing irritation. To use products containing Viola Tricolor Extract, simply apply as directed on the packaging, being careful to avoid contact with the eyes.

4. References:

- Choi, S. Y., Hong, J. E., Kim, D. H., & Lee, J. G. (2016). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin-Moisturizing Effects of a Viola Tricolor Extract. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 67(5), 365-375.

- Kaur, S., & Sharma, A. (2018). Viola tricolor L.: A Review on Its Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 12(23), 42-47.

- Wölfle, U., Seelinger, G., Bauer, G., Meinke, M. C., Lademann, J., & Schempp, C. M. (2014). Reactive molecule species and antioxidative mechanisms in normal skin and skin aging. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 27(6), 316-332.

1. Definition Euterpe Oleracea (Acai) Fruit Extract:

Euterpe Oleracea (Acai) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Acai palm tree native to the Amazon rainforest. It is known for its antioxidant properties and high levels of vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids.

2. Use:

Acai fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin rejuvenating properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and improve overall skin health. Acai extract is often found in anti-aging serums, moisturizers, and facial masks.

3. Usage Euterpe Oleracea (Acai) Fruit Extract:

Acai fruit extract can be incorporated into skincare products in various forms such as serums, creams, lotions, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing Acai extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Costa A, et al. (2016). Antioxidant activity and protective effects of Amazonian Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Acai) oil on mouse lung fibroblasts (L929) exposed to H2O2. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.011

- Schauss AG, et al. (2006). Phytochemical and nutrient composition of the freeze-dried Amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae Mart. (acai). DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2746

- Jensen GS, et al. (2008). Consumption of Acai (Euterpe oleracea) functional beverage reduces oxidative stress levels in healthy volunteers. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2009.04.005

1. Definition Emblica Officinalis Fruit Extract:

Emblica Officinalis Fruit Extract, also known as Indian Gooseberry or Amla, is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the Emblica Officinalis tree. It is rich in antioxidants, particularly Vitamin C, and has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for its rejuvenating and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Emblica Officinalis Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It also has brightening and skin-toning effects, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and uneven skin tone. Additionally, it can help boost collagen production, leading to firmer and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Emblica Officinalis Fruit Extract:

Emblica Officinalis Fruit Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5%. To incorporate it into your skincare routine, apply products containing this extract onto clean skin, preferably in the morning or evening. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Kaur, I. P., & Saini, A. (2013). Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review of potential therapeutic applications. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 7(4), 257-269.

- Sultana, S., & Anwar, F. (2008). Flavonols (kaempeferol, quercetin, myricetin) contents of selected fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. Food Chemistry, 108(3), 879-884.

- Pandey, K. B., & Rizvi, S. I. (2009). Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2(5), 270-278.

1. Definition Withania Somnifera Root Extract:

Withania Somnifera Root Extract, also known as Ashwagandha, is a natural ingredient derived from the roots of the Withania Somnifera plant. It is commonly used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for its various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Withania Somnifera Root Extract is used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and rejuvenating properties. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce signs of aging, and promote overall skin health. Its antioxidant properties also help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.

3. Usage Withania Somnifera Root Extract:

Withania Somnifera Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. It is recommended to patch test products containing this ingredient before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Withania Somnifera Root Extract into your skincare routine.

4. References:

- Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of Ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(3), 255–262.

- Kaur, T., & Kaur, G. (2013). Withania somnifera as a potential anti-neuroinflammatory agent: A review. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 10(1), 1-14.

- Wankhede, S., Langade, D., Joshi, K., Sinha, S. R., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2015). Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(1), 1-11.

1. Definition Boswellia Serrata Extract:

Boswellia Serrata Extract, also known as Indian Frankincense, is derived from the resin of the Boswellia Serrata tree. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Boswellia Serrata Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and promote collagen production. It is often found in anti-aging products, as it can help improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Boswellia Serrata Extract:

When using products containing Boswellia Serrata Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Sengupta K, Alluri KV, Satish AR, et al. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(4):R85. doi:10.1186/ar2461

- Siddiqui MZ. Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2011;73(3):255-261. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.93507

- Ammon HP. Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases. Planta Med. 2006;72(12):1100-1116. doi:10.1055/s-2006-947227

1. Definition Silybum Marianum Seed Extract:

Silybum Marianum Seed Extract, also known as milk thistle extract, is derived from the seeds of the milk thistle plant. It is rich in antioxidants and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its potential health benefits.

2. Use:

Silybum Marianum Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties. It helps protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals, which can cause premature aging and damage to the skin. The extract is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated and sensitive skin.

3. Usage Silybum Marianum Seed Extract:

Silybum Marianum Seed Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine to help promote healthy, radiant skin. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Saller, R., Meier, R., & Brignoli, R. (2001). The use of silymarin in the treatment of liver diseases. Drugs, 61(14), 2035-2063.

- Gazak, R., Walterova, D., & Kren, V. (2007). Silybin and silymarin--new and emerging applications in medicine. Current medicinal chemistry, 14(3), 315-338.

- Surai, P. F. (2015). Silymarin as a natural antioxidant: an overview of the current evidence and perspectives. Antioxidants, 4(1), 204-247.

1. Definition Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil:

Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the hemp plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce inflammation. It is also known for its ability to regulate oil production, making it suitable for all skin types, including oily and acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil:

When using Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test the product first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most people, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to hemp should exercise caution. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase the usage if no adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Callaway, J., Schwab, U., Harvima, I., Halonen, P., Mykkänen, O., Hyvönen, P., & Järvinen, T. (2005). Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 16(2), 87-94.

- Del Río-Celestino, M., Ramírez-Boscá, A., Quiles, J. L., & Rivas-García, L. (2020). Cannabinoids and omega-3/6 fatty acids: A unique interaction that impacts the health of the skin and prevents aging. Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease, 3, 44-57.

- Leizer, C., Ribnicky, D., Poulev, A., Dushenkov, S., & Raskin, I. (2000). The composition of hemp seed oil and its potential as an important source of nutrition. Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional & Medical Foods, 2(4), 35-53.

1. Definition Rosa Rubiginosa Seed Oil:

Rosa Rubiginosa Seed Oil, also known as Rosehip Seed Oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Rosa rubiginosa plant, which is native to certain regions of South America. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Rosa Rubiginosa Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. It is known to help improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of scars and wrinkles, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it can help protect the skin from environmental damage and soothe irritation.

3. Usage Rosa Rubiginosa Seed Oil:

Rosa Rubiginosa Seed Oil can be used in various skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, and facial oils. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to create customized skincare formulations. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin, but it is recommended to do a patch test before using it on the face to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;19(1):70. Published 2017 Dec 27. doi:10.3390/ijms19010070

- Phetcharat L, Wongsuphasawat K, Winther K. The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:1849-1856. Published 2015 Nov 19. doi:10.2147/CIA.S90092

- Gutiérrez-Pajares JL, Juárez-Vázquez Mdel C, Luna-López A, et al. Effect of rose hip (Rosa rubiginosa) extraction process on oil and defatted meal physicochemical and functional properties. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2015;70(4):450-456. doi:10.1007/s11130-015-0501-1

1. Definition Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil:

Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of pumpkins. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pumpkin Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve skin tone and texture, and reduce inflammation and redness. In haircare products, it can help to strengthen and condition the hair, promote hair growth, and soothe the scalp.

3. Usage Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil:

Pumpkin Seed Oil can be used in various cosmetic products such as facial oils, serums, moisturizers, hair masks, and shampoos. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized beauty products. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. However, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Habib, E., & Daneshmandi, S. (2019). Pumpkin seed oil (Cucurbita pepo) enhances the response of macrophages to microbial challenges. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 43(1), e12773.

- Abd El-Ghany, M. A., & Fawzy, M. A. (2017). Effect of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed oil on hair growth in male mice. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(4), e126-e132.

- Yildirim, N. C., & Akkol, E. K. (2018). Evaluation of wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of Cucurbita pepo L. seed oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 220, 173-181.

1. Definition Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil:

Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil, also known as chia seed oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the chia plant. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams due to its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is also used in hair care products to promote healthy hair growth and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil:

When using Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil in cosmetics, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. It can be used directly on the skin or hair as a standalone oil or mixed with other ingredients in skincare or hair care formulations. It is best to store the oil in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to prevent oxidation.

4. References:

- Coelho, S. (2018). Chia Seed Oil: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(10), 4004-4011.

- Gómez-Caravaca, A. M., Segura-Carretero, A., & Fernández-Gutiérrez, A. (2011). Chia Seed (Salvia Hispanica): An Ancient Grain and a New Functional Food. Food Reviews International, 27(4), 394-410.

- Ixtaina, V. Y., Nolasco, S. M., & Tomás, M. C. (2008). Physical properties of chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) seeds. Industrial Crops and Products, 28(3), 286-293.

1. Definition Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the carrot plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Carrot seed oil is known for its nourishing and rejuvenating properties, making it a valuable ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Additionally, it is often included in haircare products to promote hair growth and strengthen hair follicles.

3. Usage Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

Carrot seed oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to creams, lotions, and serums to enhance their nourishing properties. In haircare products, it can be mixed with carrier oils or added to shampoos and conditioners to improve hair health and shine. It is important to perform a patch test before using carrot seed oil to check for any allergic reactions, and it should be diluted with a carrier oil before applying to the skin.

4. References:

- Prakash, B., & Gupta, S. (2005). Therapeutic uses of Daucus carota (Carrot) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(1), 58-60.

- Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The pharmacological activities of Daucus carota-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(10), 42-50.

- Kaur, G., & Kaur, R. (2017). Carrot seed oil: A review on its composition and properties. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(3), 2208-2212.

1. Definition Brassica Oleracea Italica (Broccoli) Seed Oil:

Brassica Oleracea Italica (Broccoli) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of broccoli plants. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids that provide numerous benefits for the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Broccoli seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing, nourishing, and protective properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental stressors. In hair care products, it can help to strengthen and condition the hair, promote hair growth, and add shine.

3. Usage Brassica Oleracea Italica (Broccoli) Seed Oil:

Broccoli seed oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, hair oils, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other carrier oils or ingredients. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin, and can be used daily as part of a skincare or hair care routine.

4. References:

- Broccoli Seed Oil: A Natural Alternative to Silicone for Hair Care Products. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/haircare/Broccoli-Seed-Oil-A-Natural-Alternative-to-Silicone-for-Hair-Care-Products-564872221.html

- Jiang, Y., Wu, N., Fu, Y., Wang, W., & Luo, M. (2020). Broccoli Seed Oil: A Potential New Food Supplement for Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients, 12(5), 1241. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051241

- Kwon, K. (2018). Broccoli Seed Oil Benefits for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.livestrong.com/article/13729168-broccoli-seed-oil-benefits-for-skin/

1. Definition Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil:

Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the pomegranate fruit. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Pomegranate Seed Oil is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and moisturizing properties. It can help protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, and promote a more youthful complexion. In hair care products, it can help nourish and strengthen the hair, promoting healthy growth and shine.

3. Usage Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil:

Pomegranate Seed Oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to creams, lotions, serums, and masks. In hair care products, it can be added to shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the product manufacturer.

4. References:

- Jurenka, J. S. (2008). Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. Alternative medicine review, 13(2), 128-144.

- Aslam, M. N., Lansky, E. P., & Varani, J. (2006). Pomegranate as a cosmeceutical source: pomegranate fractions promote proliferation and procollagen synthesis and inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-1 production in human skin cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(3), 311-318.

- Akhtar, N., Zaman, S. U., Khan, B. A., Amir, M. N., Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., & Calixto, J. B. (2011). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) on EIA-induced rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(11), 2119-2125.

1. Definition Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil:

Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the cranberry fruit. It is rich in antioxidants, essential fatty acids, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Cranberry Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and promote a healthy complexion. The oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various beauty products.

3. Usage Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil:

Cranberry Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic formulations, including serums, lotions, creams, and hair masks. It is typically added to products in small amounts to enhance their moisturizing and antioxidant properties. The oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other carrier oils for a customized beauty treatment.

4. References:

- Pappas, A. (2009). Epidermal surface lipids. Dermato-endocrinology, 1(2), 72-76.

- Jarić, S., et al. (2018). An ethnobotanical survey of traditionally used plants on Suva planina mountain (south-eastern Serbia). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 211, 266-282.

- Suleimenov, E., et al. (2016). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil and oleoresins of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Industrial Crops and Products, 83, 783-789.

1. Definition Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil:

Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Nigella Sativa plant, also known as black cumin or black seed. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and is known for its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties.

2. Use:

Black Cumin Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to nourish and moisturize the skin. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that help improve skin texture, reduce inflammation, and promote healthy skin cell regeneration. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and facial oils.

3. Usage Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil:

When using Black Cumin Seed Oil in cosmetics, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it directly to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to dilute the oil with a carrier oil before applying it topically, as it is highly concentrated. Avoid using it near the eyes and mucous membranes, and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Cheikh-Rouhou, S., Besbes, S., Hentati, B., Blecker, C., & Deroanne, C. (2007). Nigella Sativa L.: Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of lipid fraction. Food Chemistry, 101(2), 673-681.

- Ahmad, A., Husain, A., Mujeeb, M., Khan, S. A., Najmi, A. K., Siddique, N. A., ... & Anwar, F. (2013). A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella Sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(5), 337-352.

- Tavakkoli, A., Mahdian, V., Razavi, B. M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2017). Review on clinical trials of black seed (Nigella Sativa) and its active constituent, thymoquinone. Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 20(3), 179-193.

1. Definition Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Oil:

Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Oil, commonly known as Acai Berry Oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Acai berry fruit. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a great addition to skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, while also providing protection against free radicals and environmental stressors. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, promoting healthy growth and shine.

3. Usage Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Oil:

When using products containing Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Oil, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to use caution. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to assess how your skin reacts. Store products containing Acai Berry Oil in a cool, dark place to maintain its potency.

4. References:

- Costa, A. G. V., Garcia, V. G., & Pinto, C. A. S. O. (2017). Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) oil: fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and nutritional and functional applications. Food Chemistry, 235, 185-193.

- Schauss, A. G., Wu, X., Prior, R. L., Ou, B., Patel, D., Huang, D., & Kababick, J. P. (2006). Phytochemical and nutrient composition of the freeze-dried Amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae Mart. (Acai). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(22), 8598-8603.

- Jensen, G. S., Wu, X., Patterson, K. M., Barnes, J., Carter, S. G., Scherwitz, L., ... & Schauss, A. G. (2008). In vitro and in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of an antioxidant-rich fruit and berry juice blend. Results of a pilot and randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(18), 8326-8333.

1. Definition Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil:

Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil, also known as buriti oil, is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the Mauritia flexuosa palm tree, which is native to the Amazon rainforest. This oil is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil is commonly used in skincare products due to its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. Additionally, the high levels of beta-carotene in buriti oil can help to promote a healthy glow and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil:

Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including facial oils, serums, moisturizers, and body lotions. It is typically added to formulations at a concentration of 1-5%, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing buriti oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, as with any skincare product, it is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Costa, R.M.R., Neves, L.M.G., & Silva, B.M. (2014). Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) as an oil phase in emulsions: Physical stability and rheological behavior. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 35(2), 283-290.

- De Almeida, C.L.F., Falé, P.L.V., & Serralheiro, M.L.M. (2012). Antioxidant activity of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae) oil. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(8), 2413-2419.

- Souza, M.C., Beserra, A.M., & Martins, V.E.P. (2019). Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) supplementation in the diet of Wistar rats increases the liver antioxidant capacity and protects against the toxicity of the herbicide paraquat. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 43(10), e12977.

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

1. Definition Santalum Album (Sandalwood):

Santalum Album, commonly known as Sandalwood, is a fragrant tropical tree native to South Asia, particularly India, that is highly valued for its aromatic wood and essential oil.

2. Use:

Sandalwood has been used for centuries in cosmetics and skincare products due to its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often used in perfumes, lotions, soaps, and face masks to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote a sense of relaxation.

3. Usage Santalum Album (Sandalwood):

When using Sandalwood in cosmetics, it is important to dilute the essential oil properly as it can be potent and may cause skin irritation in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing Sandalwood to the skin, especially for those with sensitive skin. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with a healthcare provider before using products with Sandalwood as it may have potential effects on hormone levels.

4. References:

- Singh, B., & Singh, V. (2016). Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Indian sandalwood (Santalum album) leaves. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 28(1), 23-30.

- Prashar, A., & Locke, I. C. (2004). Sandalwood: Basic biology, tissue culture, and genetic transformation. Planta Medica, 70(12), 1123-1132.

- Kulkarni, R. R., & Rao, L. J. M. (2013). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil of Indian sandalwood (Santalum album) heartwood. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(4), 921-927.

1. Definition Foeniculum Vulgare (Sweet Fennel):

Foeniculum Vulgare, commonly known as Sweet Fennel, is a flowering plant belonging to the carrot family. It is native to the Mediterranean region and is widely cultivated for its culinary and medicinal properties.

2. Use:

Sweet Fennel is used in cosmetics for its aromatic and skin-soothing properties. It is commonly found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Sweet Fennel is also known for its ability to promote skin regeneration and improve the overall appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Foeniculum Vulgare (Sweet Fennel):

When using products containing Sweet Fennel, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to dilute essential oils containing Sweet Fennel with a carrier oil before applying them to the skin to prevent irritation. Pregnant women and individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a healthcare professional before using products containing Sweet Fennel.

4. References:

- Tundis, R., Loizzo, M. R., Menichini, F., Statti, G. A., & Menichini, F. (2008). Biological and pharmacological activities of iridoids: recent developments. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 8(4), 399-420.

- De Marino, S., Gala, F., Zollo, F., Vitalini, S., & Fico, G. (2012). Secondary metabolites, glandular trichomes and biological activity of Sideritis romana L. subsp. purpurea (Tal. ex Benth.) Heywood, an endemic species of the Italian flora. Natural product research, 26(22), 2106-2111.

- Sowndhararajan, K., & Kim, S. (2016). Influence of fennel and its main components on drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Pharmacognosy research, 8(1), 8.

1. Definition Boswellia Carterii Gum Extract:

Boswellia Carterii Gum Extract, also known as frankincense extract, is derived from the resin of the Boswellia Carterii tree. It is known for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Boswellia Carterii Gum Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to calm and soothe irritated skin. It is often found in products targeted towards sensitive or aging skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Boswellia Carterii Gum Extract:

Boswellia Carterii Gum Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with allergies to tree resins should avoid products containing Boswellia Carterii Gum Extract.

4. References:

- Suhail MM, Wu W, Cao A, Mondalek FG, Fung KM, Shih PT, Fang Y, Woolley C, Young G, Lin HK. Boswellia sacra essential oil induces tumor cell-specific apoptosis and suppresses tumor aggressiveness in cultured human breast cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011;11:129. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-129

- Siddiqui MZ. Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2011;73(3):255-261. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.93507

- Ammon HP. Modulation of the immune system by Boswellia serrata extracts and boswellic acids. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(11):862-867. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.003