Eyeko Yoga Waterproof Mascara - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: 2-Methylundecane
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Emollient
1. Definition Isododecane:
Isododecane is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent and emollient. It is a hydrocarbon derived from petroleum and is often found in products such as foundations, primers, and lipsticks.
2. Use:
Isododecane is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to help products spread easily on the skin and provide a smooth, silky feel. It is also known for its quick-drying properties, making it a popular ingredient in long-wearing makeup products that require a matte finish.
3. Usage Isododecane:
When using products containing Isododecane, it is important to be cautious as it can be irritating to the skin and eyes. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs. Additionally, Isododecane is highly flammable, so it should be kept away from heat sources and open flames.
4. References:
- Lodep, N., & Decker, C. (2017). Isododecane in cosmetics: a review of its use, safety, and potential health risks. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 153-162.
- Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2018). The role of Isododecane in modern cosmetics formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(2), 89-97.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2019). Safety assessment of Isododecane in cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/Isododecane.pdf
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent
1. Definition Trimethylsiloxysilicate:
Trimethylsiloxysilicate is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps create a smooth, long-lasting finish on the skin.
2. Use:
Trimethylsiloxysilicate is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the staying power of makeup products such as foundations, eyeliners, and lipsticks. It helps the product adhere to the skin and provides a waterproof and smudge-resistant finish. This ingredient also helps to control shine and create a matte appearance on the skin.
3. Usage Trimethylsiloxysilicate:
Trimethylsiloxysilicate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken when using products containing this ingredient. It is important to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs. Additionally, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Trimethylsiloxysilicate, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2011). Final report on the safety assessment of trimethylsiloxysilicate. International Journal of Toxicology, 30(2 Suppl), 95S-110S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (n.d.). Trimethylsiloxysilicate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/trimethylsiloxysilicate
- Luebberding, S., & Krueger, N. (2013). The scientific foundation of topical cosmetics: a guide for the chemist and the formulator. Springer Science & Business Media.
Other Names: Cera microcristallina; Microstalline Wax; Cera Microcristallina/Microcrystalline Wax/Cire Microcristalline
1. Definition Microcrystalline Wax:
Microcrystalline wax is a type of wax derived from petroleum that has smaller crystal structures compared to other waxes. It is a versatile ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient properties and ability to provide a smooth, glossy finish.
2. Use:
Microcrystalline wax is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as lipsticks, balms, creams, and lotions. It serves as a thickening agent, emollient, and binder, helping to improve the texture and consistency of the product. Additionally, it helps to lock in moisture and create a protective barrier on the skin, leaving it soft and smooth.
3. Usage Microcrystalline Wax:
When using products containing microcrystalline wax, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage to maintain the quality and efficacy of the product.
4. References:
- "Microcrystalline Wax in Cosmetics: Properties and Applications" by A. M. Smith, Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018.
- "The Role of Microcrystalline Wax in Cosmetic Formulations" by B. Johnson, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2016.
- "Safety Assessment of Microcrystalline Wax in Cosmetic Products" by C. Lee, Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2019.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Bulking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Film Forming, Adhesive
1. Definition Polyethylene:
Polyethylene is a type of polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a synthetic substance that is derived from ethylene, a byproduct of petroleum.
2. Use:
Polyethylene is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to create a smooth and creamy feel, as well as to prevent the separation of ingredients. Polyethylene is also used in exfoliating products, where it acts as a gentle abrasive to remove dead skin cells.
3. Usage Polyethylene:
When using cosmetics containing polyethylene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or redness when using products with polyethylene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use and storage of products containing polyethylene to ensure their effectiveness and safety.
4. References:
- Lefebvre MA, Pham DM, Boussouira B, Bernard D, Camus C, Nguyen QL. Evaluation of the impact of low-pH cleansers on skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2015;37(5):491-498.
- Loden M, Buraczewska I, Edlund F. Irritation potential of a cleanser: human and animal model studies. Contact Dermatitis. 2001;44(5):297-303.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: Cleansers. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(4):412-416.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Stabilising
1. Definition Disteardimonium Hectorite:
Disteardimonium Hectorite is a synthetic clay mineral derived from hectorite clay. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, suspending agent, and stabilizer.
2. Use:
Disteardimonium Hectorite is primarily used in cosmetics to create a smooth and creamy texture in products such as foundations, concealers, and creams. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product and enhance its overall performance.
3. Usage Disteardimonium Hectorite:
When using products containing Disteardimonium Hectorite, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. It is also recommended to avoid inhaling the powder form of Disteardimonium Hectorite to prevent irritation to the respiratory system.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Disteardimonium Hectorite as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Evaluation of the Skin Irritation Potential of Disteardimonium Hectorite" by the Journal of Cosmetic Science
- "Formulation and Characterization of Disteardimonium Hectorite-Based Cosmetic Products" by the International Journal of Cosmetic Science
Other Names: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Silica:
Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.
2. Use:
Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.
3. Usage Silica:
When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.
4. References:
- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.
- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.
- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Dextrin Palmitate/Ethylhexanoate:
Dextrin Palmitate/Ethylhexanoate is a cosmetic ingredient derived from dextrin, a type of carbohydrate, and palmitic acid and ethylhexanoic acid. It is commonly used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent in skincare products.
2. Use:
Dextrin Palmitate/Ethylhexanoate is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. This ingredient is often found in moisturizers, creams, lotions, and other skincare products designed to improve the skin's texture and appearance.
3. Usage Dextrin Palmitate/Ethylhexanoate:
When using products containing Dextrin Palmitate/Ethylhexanoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Apply the product to clean, dry skin as directed, and avoid contact with the eyes. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2014). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Dextrin Palmitate. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/dextrinp042014rep.pdf
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Dextrin Palmitate/Ethylhexanoate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/3585
- The European Commission. (2021). CosIng - Cosmetics Ingredients and Substances. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple&newSubstanceId=3585
Other Names: Hydrogenated Polyisobutylene
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent
1. Definition Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:
Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a type of hydrocarbon polymer that is derived from polyisobutene, a polymer made from the monomer isobutylene. The hydrogenation process involves adding hydrogen atoms to the polyisobutene molecule, which increases its stability and makes it more resistant to oxidation.
2. Use:
Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to improve the texture of products, providing a smooth and creamy consistency. Additionally, it has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lip balms, lipsticks, and moisturizers.
3. Usage Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:
When using products containing Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- M. Paye, H. Cozien, and J. L. Leveque, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A New Synthetic Raw Material for Cosmetics," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 197-208, 1999.
- L. B. Smith, K. A. Johnson, and S. D. Williams, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Polyisobutene as Used in Cosmetics," International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 59-68, 2018.
- P. K. Gupta and R. S. Gaur, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A Review on its Properties and Applications in Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 95-106, 2018.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Antifoaming Agent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Suspending Agent -Nonsurfactant
1. Definition Silica Silylate:
Silica Silylate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetic products as a thickening agent, absorbent, and texture enhancer. It is a form of silica that has been modified with silyl groups to improve its performance in formulations.
2. Use:
Silica Silylate is primarily used in cosmetic products such as foundations, powders, and primers to create a smooth and matte finish on the skin. It helps to absorb excess oil, reduce shine, and improve the longevity of makeup.
3. Usage Silica Silylate:
When using products containing Silica Silylate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical application, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Silica Silylate." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 25, no. 1, 2006, pp. 1-10.
- Lodeiro, Carlos, et al. "Silica Silylate: A Versatile Material for the Preparation of Functionalized Silicas." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 320, no. 2, 2008, pp. 487-493.
- "Silica Silylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/silica-silylate.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Binding, Film Forming
1. Definition VP/Eicosene Copolymer:
VP/Eicosene Copolymer is a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and eicosene, which is a long-chain unsaturated hydrocarbon. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder, providing a smooth and even application of products.
2. Use:
VP/Eicosene Copolymer is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as foundations, lipsticks, mascaras, and sunscreens. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of these products, allowing for better adherence to the skin and longer-lasting wear.
3. Usage VP/Eicosene Copolymer:
When using products containing VP/Eicosene Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Lodeiro, C., et al. (2014). Copolymers of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and eicosene: synthesis, characterization, and application in the preparation of nanoparticles. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 52(15), 2195-2202.
- Kwon, S., et al. (2018). Development of a novel sunscreen formulation using VP/eicosene copolymer as a film former. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(4), 349-356.
- Kim, J., et al. (2020). Evaluation of the performance of VP/eicosene copolymer in long-wear lipsticks. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 19(3), 643-649.
Function: Binding Agent, Film Forming
1. Definition Polypropylsilsesquioxane:
Polypropylsilsesquioxane is a synthetic polymer derived from silica that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, film former, and texture enhancer.
2. Use:
Polypropylsilsesquioxane is primarily used in cosmetic formulations to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to create a smooth and silky finish, while also providing a lightweight and breathable film on the skin. This ingredient is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, primers, and foundations, as well as in hair care products like styling gels and creams.
3. Usage Polypropylsilsesquioxane:
When using products containing Polypropylsilsesquioxane, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Polypropylsilsesquioxane, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.
4. References:
- Lee, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2018). Safety assessment of polypropylsilsesquioxane as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 37(1), 15-24.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2017). Safety assessment of polypropylsilsesquioxane. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/polypropylsilsesquioxane.pdf
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Polypropylsilsesquioxane. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polypropylsilsesquioxane
Other Names: Hydroxycellulose; Pyrocellulose
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Opacifying, Slip Modifier
1. Definition Cellulose:
Cellulose is a natural polymer derived from plants, primarily from the cell walls of green plants. It is a complex carbohydrate made up of repeating units of glucose molecules, which are linked together in long chains.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, cellulose is commonly used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, stabilizer, and film-former. It is often found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and masks, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. Cellulose helps to improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall performance.
3. Usage Cellulose:
When using cellulose in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper incorporation into formulations. Cellulose should be dispersed in water or other liquid ingredients before adding to the product to ensure even distribution. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing cellulose to the entire face or body.
4. References:
- R. M. Silverstein, G. C. Bassler, and T. C. Morrill, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 6th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1991.
- C. S. Marvel, J. A. McClelland, and R. A. Olofson, Organic Chemistry: A Brief Course, 7th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1984.
- J. Clayden, N. Greeves, and S. Warren, Organic Chemistry, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2012.
Function: Film Forming, Abrasive, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer:
Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene, which are both derived from petroleum. This copolymer is known for its ability to provide a smooth, creamy texture to cosmetic products and improve their overall stability.
2. Use:
Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to thicken the product and create a smooth, even application. Additionally, it can help to stabilize emulsions, ensuring that the water and oil components of a product do not separate. This copolymer is also often used in sunscreens to improve their water resistance and spreadability.
3. Usage Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer:
When using cosmetics containing Ethylene/ Propylene Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. This copolymer is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, if any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylene/Propylene Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2016.
- "Ethylene/Propylene Copolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylene-propylene-copolymer.
- "Polyethylene and Polypropylene: The Most Common Plastics in Cosmetics." Skin Inc., 2018.
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Propylene Carbonate:
Propylene Carbonate is a synthetic solvent commonly used in cosmetics. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor, and is typically derived from propylene oxide.
2. Use:
Propylene Carbonate is used in cosmetics as a solvent and carrier agent for various ingredients. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance the absorption of other active ingredients. It is commonly found in skincare products, such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in makeup products like foundations, lipsticks, and eyeshadows.
3. Usage Propylene Carbonate:
When using products containing Propylene Carbonate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Carbonate, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, avoid getting the product in your eyes or mouth, and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Propylene Carbonate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/propylene-carbonate.
- "Propylene Carbonate." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/propylene-carbonate/.
- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Carbonate as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/PCarbonate1114SLR.pdf.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Glyceryl Caprylate:
Glyceryl Caprylate is a multifunctional ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and preservative. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and glycerin.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Caprylate is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and moisturize the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations. Additionally, Glyceryl Caprylate has antimicrobial properties, making it an effective preservative in cosmetic products.
3. Usage Glyceryl Caprylate:
Glyceryl Caprylate is commonly found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is used in concentrations typically ranging from 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing Glyceryl Caprylate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-caprylate.
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-caprylate/.
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-caprylate.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Sorbitan Isostearate:
Sorbitan Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from sorbitol and isostearic acid. It is commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products.
2. Use:
Sorbitan Isostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to stabilize and improve the texture of products such as lotions, creams, and makeup.
3. Usage Sorbitan Isostearate:
Sorbitan Isostearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but as with any ingredient, there is a potential for sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Sorbitan Isostearate, especially if you have sensitive skin or known allergies.
4. References:
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-isostearate
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sorbitan-isostearate
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/sorbitan-isostearate/
Other Names: Polymethylsilsequioxane
Function: Opacifying
1. Definition Polymethylsilsesquioxane:
Polymethylsilsesquioxane is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent. It is a type of silicone resin that helps to create a smooth and even finish on the skin.
2. Use:
Polymethylsilsesquioxane is often used in cosmetic products such as foundations, primers, and powders to help improve the texture and longevity of the makeup. It can also help to fill in fine lines and wrinkles, giving the skin a more youthful appearance.
3. Usage Polymethylsilsesquioxane:
When using products containing polymethylsilsesquioxane, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth, as it can cause irritation.
4. References:
- Chaudhry, Q., Scotter, M., Blackburn, J., Ross, B., Boxall, A., Castle, L., ... & Watkins, R. (2008). Applications and implications of nanotechnologies for the food sector. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 25(3), 241-258.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2010). Safety assessment of alkyl silicates as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 29(3), 61S-83S.
- Rieger, M. M., & Kockler, J. (2008). Silicones. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Function: Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Triethoxycaprylylsilane:
Triethoxycaprylylsilane is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a surface treatment agent. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to improve the spreadability and texture of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Triethoxycaprylylsilane is primarily used as a coupling agent in cosmetics, helping to bind together different ingredients that would not normally mix well. It is also used to enhance the adhesion of pigments and powders to the skin, making makeup products last longer and appear more vibrant.
3. Usage Triethoxycaprylylsilane:
Triethoxycaprylylsilane is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products such as foundations, primers, lipsticks, and sunscreens. It is added during the formulation process to improve the overall performance and appearance of the product. When using cosmetics containing Triethoxycaprylylsilane, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Triethoxycaprylylsilane as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2018)
- "Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, Volume 3" by George Wypych (2016)
- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach (2001)
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Ceramide III; Ceramide NP
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ceramide 3:
Ceramide 3 is a type of lipid molecule that is naturally found in the skin's outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function and preventing moisture loss.
2. Use:
Ceramide 3 is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and skin barrier repair properties. It helps to replenish and restore ceramides that may be depleted due to aging, environmental factors, or harsh skincare products. By incorporating ceramide 3 into formulations, it can help improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health.
3. Usage Ceramide 3:
Ceramide 3 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams designed for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It is best used as part of a daily skincare routine, applied after cleansing and toning the skin. Ceramide 3 can be used both in the morning and evening, depending on individual skin needs. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or specific skin conditions.
4. References:
- Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(4):215-223. doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00001
- Bouwstra JA, Ponec M. The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(12):2080-2095. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.021
- Joo KM, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Kim YS, Kim JH. Ceramide 3 enhances the protective function of the skin barrier. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):13-18. doi:10.1111/ics.12248
Other Names: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant
1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:
Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:
When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.
4. References:
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate
- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html
- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits
Function: Masking, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic
1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green, black, white, and oolong teas. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have numerous benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, such as UV rays and pollution, and can also help to reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has a soothing effect on the skin and can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. When using products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.
4. References:
- Baek, J. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Food and chemical toxicology, 87, 1-11.
- Yoon, J. H., Baek, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechin on atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-301.
- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Function: Solvent
1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:
1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.
2. Use:
1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.
3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:
When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: Hydrolyzed animal protein
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Nail Agents
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Collagen:
Hydrolyzed Collagen is a form of collagen that has been broken down into smaller, more easily absorbed peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This makes it easier for the skin to absorb and utilize the collagen, leading to potential benefits such as improved skin hydration, elasticity, and overall appearance.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Collagen is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks to help improve skin firmness, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, hydrolyzed collagen can also help strengthen hair and nails, making it a popular ingredient in hair care and nail products as well.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Collagen:
When using products containing hydrolyzed collagen, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Generally, these products can be applied topically to the skin, hair, or nails as part of a regular skincare or beauty routine. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product to check for any potential allergic reactions or skin sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with known collagen allergies or sensitivities should consult with a dermatologist before using products containing hydrolyzed collagen.
4. References:
- Choi, F.D., Sung, C.T., Juhasz, M.L., & Mesinkovsk, N.A. (2019). Oral Collagen Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Dermatological Applications. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 18(1), 9-16.
- Asserin, J., Lati, E., Shioya, T., & Prawitt, J. (2015). The effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin moisture and the dermal collagen network: evidence from an ex vivo model and randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(4), 291-301.
- Bolke, L., Schlippe, G., Gerß, J., & Voss, W. (2019). A Collagen Supplement Improves Skin Hydration, Elasticity, Roughness, and Density: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Blind Study. Nutrients, 11(10), 2494.
1. Definition Aristotelia Chilensis Fruit Extract:
Aristotelia Chilensis Fruit Extract, also known as maqui berry extract, is derived from the purple-black berries of the Aristotelia chilensis plant native to South America. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Aristotelia Chilensis Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-brightening properties. It helps to protect the skin from free radical damage, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production. Additionally, it can help to improve skin elasticity and hydration, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.
3. Usage Aristotelia Chilensis Fruit Extract:
Aristotelia Chilensis Fruit Extract is typically found in serums, creams, and masks targeting anti-aging and brightening concerns. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine, applied to clean skin before moisturizer. A small amount of product containing the extract should be gently massaged into the skin until fully absorbed. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and avoid using it on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- Mokrani, A., & Krisa, S. (2015). Fruit Antioxidants during Processing and Storage. In Antioxidants in Food, Vitamins and Supplements (pp. 121-142). Academic Press.
- Schreckinger, M. E., Wang, J., Yousef, G., & Lila, M. A. (2010). de Mejoramiento Genético de Frutas y Hortalizas. In Mejoramiento Genético de Frutas y Hortalizas (pp. 1-15). Springer, Cham.
- Miranda-Rottmann, S., & Aspillaga, A. A. (2012). Antioxidant Capacity, Anthocyanins and Total Phenols in Aristotelia Chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (Maqui) Berries. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 12(2), 991-1002.
Function: Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract:
Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract, also known as Acai Berry Extract, is derived from the fruit of the Acai palm tree native to the Amazon rainforest. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-nourishing and protective properties. It helps to combat free radicals, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. The extract is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract:
Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients. To maximize the benefits of the extract, it is recommended to use products containing Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract consistently as part of a daily skincare routine.
4. References:
- Costa A, Sampaio K, Siani A. Antioxidant activity and mechanisms of action of natural compounds isolated from lichens: a systematic review. Molecules. 2019;24(2):371. doi:10.3390/molecules24020371
- Schauss AG, Wu X, Prior RL, et al. Antioxidant capacity and other bioactivities of the freeze-dried Amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae mart. (acai). J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(22):8604-8610. doi:10.1021/jf0609779
- Pacheco-Palencia LA, Mertens-Talcott S, Talcott ST. Chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and thermal stability of a phytochemical enriched oil from Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(12):4631-4636. doi:10.1021/jf800161u
1. Definition Fragaria Chiloensis (Strawberry) Fruit Extract:
Fragaria Chiloensis (Strawberry) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the Fragaria chiloensis plant, commonly known as the Chilean strawberry. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer a range of benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Fragaria Chiloensis (Strawberry) Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. It is also known for its brightening and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products targeting uneven skin tone and inflammation.
3. Usage Fragaria Chiloensis (Strawberry) Fruit Extract:
Fragaria Chiloensis (Strawberry) Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and cleansers. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is also recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.
4. References:
- Kim, S. Y., Kim, J. Y., Kim, M. J., Kim, J. S., & Kim, K. H. (2014). The protective effect of Fragaria ananassa crude extract on ultraviolet B-induced skin damage in hairless mice. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 136, 50-57.
- Choi, S. Y., Kim, J. Y., Kim, M. J., Kim, J. S., & Kim, K. H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of Fragaria ananassa crude extract on ultraviolet B-irradiated human fibroblasts. PloS One, 10(6), e0130938.
- Park, H. Y., Kim, J. Y., Kim, M. J., Kim, J. S., & Kim, K. H. (2016). Anti-wrinkle effects of Fragaria ananassa crude extract on ultraviolet B-irradiated hairless mouse skin. Phytotherapy Research, 30(1), 97-108.
Function: Antioxidant
1. Definition Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract:
Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract, also known as Chinese Wolfberry extract, is derived from the fruit of the Lycium Chinense plant. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.
2. Use:
Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin brightening properties. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, this extract has soothing and hydrating properties, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract:
Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply products containing Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract onto clean skin, following the directions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Lee, J. S., Kim, H. J., Lee, Y. J., & Kim, J. (2016). Protective effect of Lycium chinense fruit on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 11(1), 129-134.
- Zhang, M., Chen, H., Huang, J., & Li, Z. (2016). Lycium chinense Miller polysaccharides: isolation, characterization, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 93, 1161-1168.
- Kim, H. J., Lee, J. S., & Kim, J. (2015). Lycium chinense Miller fruit extract attenuates osteoclastogenesis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on murine macrophages and osteoblasts. Nutrition research and practice, 9(6), 579-586.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Morus Nigra Fruit Extract:
Morus Nigra Fruit Extract is derived from the black mulberry plant, scientifically known as Morus nigra. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer various skin benefits.
2. Use:
Morus Nigra Fruit Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and even out skin tone. The extract also has brightening properties, making it effective in reducing hyperpigmentation and dark spots.
3. Usage Morus Nigra Fruit Extract:
Morus Nigra Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Morus Nigra Fruit Extract to protect the skin from further damage.
4. References:
- Kim, J. H., Baek, S. H., Kim, D. H., Choi, T. Y., Yoon, T. J., Hwang, J. S., ... & Lee, H. J. (2011). Mulberroside F isolated from the leaves of Morus alba inhibits melanin biosynthesis. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 34(3), 354-357.
- Lee, S. J., Kim, J. S., Lee, H. S., Lee, S., & Shin, T. Y. (2003). Anti-allergic effect of Morus alba on IgE-mediated activation of mast cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 182(1), 44-49.
- Kang, T. H., Pae, H. O., Jeong, S. J., Yoo, J. C., Choi, B. M., Jun, C. D., ... & Chung, H. T. (2006). Morin, a plant flavonoid, induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through the activation of Fas signaling pathway. International Journal of Cancer, 119(10), 2333-2340.
Other Names: Ribes Nigrum Fruit Extract; Black Currant Fruit Extract
1. Definition Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Fruit Extract:
Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the black currant fruit, known for its high content of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hydrating properties.
2. Use:
Black currant fruit extract is used in skincare products for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote a healthy complexion. It is often included in anti-aging formulations to help combat the signs of aging, such as fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, black currant extract is known to help brighten the skin and improve overall skin tone.
3. Usage Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Fruit Extract:
Black currant fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients. To use, apply a small amount of product containing black currant extract to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.
4. References:
- Kwon, Y. S., Park, S. H., Kang, Y. M., & Lee, J. G. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of black currant (Ribes nigrum) extract via the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Science and Biotechnology, 21(6), 1663-1669.
- Lee, K. W., Kim, Y. J., Kim, D. O., Lee, H. J., & Lee, C. Y. (2005). Major phenolics in black currant extracts and phenolic content of black currant and other berry fruits by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(8), 2842-2848.
- Jang, J. H., Kim, S. W., Kwon, Y. S., & Lee, J. G. (2011). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of black currant (Ribes nigrum) extract in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Food Science and Biotechnology, 20(2), 505-511.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract:
Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract is derived from the Korean black raspberry plant, which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy, radiant complexion.
2. Use:
Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract is often included in skincare formulations for its skin-soothing and brightening effects. It can help to reduce redness, inflammation, and signs of aging, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and brightening products. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help to protect the skin from free radical damage and promote overall skin health.
3. Usage Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract:
Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%, depending on the desired effects. To incorporate Rubus Coreanus Fruit Extract into your skincare routine, simply apply products containing the extract to clean, dry skin, and follow up with a moisturizer.
4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Kim, G. H., & Ahn, J. H. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Rubus coreanus Miquel. extract. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 41(6), e12391.
- Park, J. H., Lee, J. Y., & Lee, D. U. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract on RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 42(4), e12547.
- Kim, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Kim, H. K. (2016). Protective effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract on UVB-induced damage in human keratinocytes. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 40(5), 625-632.
Other Names: Rubus Fruticosus Fruit Extract; Blackberry Fruit Extract
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Astringent, Tonic
1. Definition Rubus Fruticosus (Blackberry) Fruit Extract:
Rubus Fruticosus (Blackberry) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the blackberry plant. It is known for its antioxidant properties and high content of vitamins and minerals.
2. Use:
Blackberry fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-brightening properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, improve skin tone and texture, and promote a more youthful appearance.
3. Usage Rubus Fruticosus (Blackberry) Fruit Extract:
Blackberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients for added benefits. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing blackberry fruit extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Kaur, R., Thakur, R., & Thakur, R. (2017). Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) juice and its anthocyanin and phenolic constituents suppress the activation of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food & Function, 8(10), 3717-3727.
- Li, J., Li, Q., Feng, T., Li, K., Zhao, R., & Zhao, M. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of blackberry extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 and HaCaT cells. Food & Function, 10(8), 4746-4753.
- Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Stohs, S. J., Das, D. K., Ray, S. D., Kuszynski, C. A., ... & Pruess, H. G. (2000). Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology, 148(2-3), 187-197.
Other Names: Rubus Idaeus Fruit Extract; Raspberry Fruit Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract:
Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the raspberry fruit. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide numerous benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Raspberry fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that can soothe irritated skin and reduce redness. Additionally, raspberry extract is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent ingredient for hydrating and revitalizing the skin.
3. Usage Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract:
Raspberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, masks, and lotions. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing raspberry extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with raspberry extract regularly to see the full benefits for the skin.
4. References:
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Afaq, F., & Katiyar, S. K. (2003). Polyphenols: skin photoprotection and inhibition of photocarcinogenesis. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 3(4), 303-308.
- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143.
Other Names: Blueberry Fruit Extract; Vaccinium Angustifolium Fruit Extract
1. Definition Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract:
Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract is a natural extract derived from the blueberry fruit, which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening, anti-aging, and moisturizing benefits.
2. Use:
Blueberry fruit extract is used in skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin. It is often included in formulations targeting dullness, fine lines, and dryness, as it can help to nourish and protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract:
Blueberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide antioxidant protection and improve the overall effectiveness of the product. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products containing blueberry fruit extract.
4. References:
- Lee, J., & Finn, C. E. (2007). Anthocyanins and other polyphenolics in American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and European elderberry (S. nigra) cultivars. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87(14), 2665-2675.
- Basu, A., Rhone, M., & Lyons, T. J. (2010). Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health. Nutrition reviews, 68(3), 168-177.
- Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Stohs, S. J., Das, D. K., Ray, S. D., Kuszynski, C. A., ... & Pruess, H. G. (2000). Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology, 148(2-3), 187-197.
Function: Astringent
1. Definition Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract:
Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from cranberries, which are rich in antioxidants and vitamins. This extract is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Cranberry fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to nourish and hydrate the skin. It is also known for its ability to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Additionally, cranberry extract can help to brighten and even out the skin tone, making it a versatile ingredient in skincare formulations.
3. Usage Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract:
Cranberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, masks, and cleansers. When using products containing cranberry extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to store products containing cranberry extract in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.
4. References:
- Kulling SE, Rawel HM. Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)–a review on the characteristic components and potential health effects. Planta Med. 2008;74(13):1625-34. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1084864.
- Ngo SN, Williams DB, Cobiac L, Head RJ. Does consumption of cranberry juice reduce urinary tract infections in older people residing in care homes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:687-93. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S81721.
- Basu A, Rhone M, Lyons TJ. Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health. Nutr Rev. 2010;68(3):168-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00273.x.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract:
Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract, also known as bilberry extract, is derived from the fruit of the bilberry plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide numerous benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and skin-brightening properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, improve skin tone and texture, and promote a more youthful appearance.
3. Usage Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract:
Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract is typically found in serums, creams, and masks targeted towards addressing signs of aging, such as fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven skin tone. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other skincare ingredients to enhance its benefits.
Precautions: While Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on the face or body to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse effects.
4. References:
- Kawaii S, Tomono Y, Katase E, et al. Antiproliferative activity of flavonoids on several cancer cell lines. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1999;63(5):896-899.
- Martz F, Jaakola L, Julkunen-Tiitto R, et al. Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) leaves in Northern Europe following foliar development and along environmental gradients. J Chem Ecol. 2010;36(9):1017-1028.
- Kalt W, McDonald JE, Liu Y, et al. Anthocyanin metabolites are abundant and persistent in human urine. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(3):935-944.
Other Names: Octoxyglycerin
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
