Furtuna Skin Visione Di Luce Eye Revitalizing Cream

1. Definition Undecane:

Undecane is a straight-chain hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C11H24. It is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used as an ingredient in cosmetics for its emollient properties.

2. Use:

Undecane is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its texture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and creams.

3. Usage Undecane:

Undecane is typically used in cosmetics at concentrations ranging from 1% to 5%. It is considered safe for use on the skin, but as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing undecane to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to avoid using products containing undecane on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Safety Assessment of Undecane and Tridecane as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 33, no. 6, 2014, pp. 44S-50S.

- "Undecane." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/undecane.

- "Undecane." PubChem, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Undecane.

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

1. Definition Betaine:

Betaine is a naturally occurring compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It is derived from sugar beets and is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Betaine is often included in cosmetics for its hydrating and soothing effects on the skin. It helps to improve the skin's moisture levels, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. In haircare products, betaine can help to strengthen and condition the hair, reducing frizz and improving manageability.

3. Usage Betaine:

Betaine can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, cleansers, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and is considered safe for most skin types. However, as with any new ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using a product containing betaine to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Choudhury, H., & Pandey, M. (2013). Betaine in cosmetics. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 35(2), 157-161.

- Kim, J., & Lee, I. (2016). Moisturizing effects of betaine-containing cosmetics on human skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 212-217.

- Yoon, H. S., & Lee, S. J. (2018). Betaine as a conditioning agent in haircare products. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(5), 321-327.

1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:

Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the olive tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids that help nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Olive oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and body lotions. Olive oil helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and protect it from environmental damage.

3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:

When using products containing Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive or acne-prone skin may want to use it cautiously. Olive oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients in DIY skincare recipes.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- P. Konstantinidou, et al. (2010). "In vivo nutrigenomic effects of virgin olive oil polyphenols within the frame of the Mediterranean diet: a randomized controlled trial." The FASEB Journal.

- A. Ghanbari, et al. (2012). "Olive oil and cancer." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society.

1. Definition Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer:

Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer is a copolymer composed of capryloyl glycerin and sebacic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and emollient.

2. Use:

Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth, non-greasy feel to products. It helps to improve the texture of formulations and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, it can act as a moisturizer and help to maintain skin hydration.

3. Usage Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer:

Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer is typically used in skincare products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, and makeup products. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended usage levels specified by the manufacturer. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2016). Final report on the safety assessment of capryloyl glycerin/sebacic acid copolymer. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(1), 67-75.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryloyl-glycerinsebacic-acid-copolymer

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.3400

1. Definition Diheptyl Succinate:

Diheptyl Succinate is an ester derived from succinic acid and heptyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Diheptyl Succinate is primarily used in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Additionally, it can also improve the texture and appearance of the skin by providing a protective barrier against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Diheptyl Succinate:

When using products containing Diheptyl Succinate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Diheptyl Succinate and Diheptyl Succinate Crosspolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. International Journal of Toxicology, 2019.

- "Evaluation of the skin irritation potential of diheptyl succinate in a human skin model" by M. N. Pernodet et al. Toxicology in Vitro, 2006.

- "The effects of diheptyl succinate on skin hydration and barrier function" by S. J. Lee et al. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2012.

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate Citrate:

Glyceryl Stearate Citrate is a natural emulsifier derived from citric acid, glycerin, and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a surfactant to stabilize and emulsify formulations.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate Citrate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the spreadability of products, and enhance the overall skin feel. Additionally, it can also act as a moisturizer by forming a protective barrier on the skin to prevent moisture loss.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate Citrate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate Citrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is recommended to avoid using products containing Glyceryl Stearate Citrate on broken or irritated skin to prevent any potential adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate Citrate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Glyceryl Stearate Citrate" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Emulsifiers in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council.

1. Definition Potassium Cetyl Phosphate:

Potassium Cetyl Phosphate is a potassium salt of cetyl phosphate, an ester of cetyl alcohol and phosphoric acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Potassium Cetyl Phosphate is used in various cosmetic formulations such as creams, lotions, and sunscreens to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, making them easier to apply and spread on the skin.

3. Usage Potassium Cetyl Phosphate:

When using products containing Potassium Cetyl Phosphate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes or mucous membranes.

4. References:

- "Potassium Cetyl Phosphate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-cetyl-phosphate

- "Potassium Cetyl Phosphate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-cetyl-phosphate

- "Potassium Cetyl Phosphate." SpecialChem, www.specialchem.com/inci/potassium-cetyl-phosphate

1. Definition Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil:

Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Jojoba plant. It is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Jojoba Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to mimic the natural oils produced by the skin, making it suitable for all skin types. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and hair treatments due to its hydrating and conditioning properties. Jojoba Seed Oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated skin and preventing breakouts.

3. Usage Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil:

Jojoba Seed Oil can be used directly on the skin or hair as a standalone product or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY skincare or haircare products. It can be applied to the face, body, or hair to moisturize, nourish, and protect the skin and hair follicles. When using Jojoba Seed Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin and to avoid any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to store Jojoba Seed Oil in a cool, dark place to maintain its quality and extend its shelf life.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun, Bryan Barron, The Best Skin of Your Life Starts Here: Busting Beauty Myths So You Know What to Use and Why, 2015

- Ratan K. Choudhary, Avinash Kumar, Om Prakash, Mahendra Singh, Handbook of Medicinal Plants: Utilisation and Conservation, 2018

- Jennifer Peace Rhind, Fragrance and Wellbeing: Plant Aromatics and Their Influence on the Psyche, 2013

1. Definition Propanediol:

Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.

2. Use:

Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Propanediol:

Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.

- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.

- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.

1. Definition Tridecane:

Tridecane is a hydrocarbon compound belonging to the alkane family, specifically a straight-chain alkane with 13 carbon atoms. It is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient properties.

2. Use:

Tridecane is used in cosmetics as a solvent and emollient, helping to soften and smooth the skin. It is often found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, where it helps to improve the texture and feel of the product on the skin.

3. Usage Tridecane:

Tridecane is typically used in cosmetics at low concentrations, ranging from 0.1% to 5% depending on the formulation. It is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and precautions when using products containing tridecane. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with tridecane to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 8154, Tridecane. Available online: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tridecane

- Personal Care Council. Safety Assessment of Tridecane as Used in Cosmetics. Available online: https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tridecane

- The European Commission. CosIng - Cosmetics Ingredients Database. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/

1. Definition Coco Caprylate/ Caprate:

Coco Caprylate/ Caprate is a natural ester derived from coconut oil and caprylic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is a lightweight, fast-absorbing ingredient that helps to hydrate and soften the skin without leaving a greasy residue.

2. Use:

Coco Caprylate/ Caprate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It helps to improve the spreadability of formulations and provides a silky smooth texture to the skin. Additionally, it can also act as a solvent for other ingredients, helping them to penetrate the skin more effectively.

3. Usage Coco Caprylate/ Caprate:

When using products containing Coco Caprylate/ Caprate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Coco-Caprylate/Caprate" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/coco-caprylatecaprate

- "Coco-Caprylate" by Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/coco-caprylate

- "Coco-Caprylate" by Skin Deep, https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706751-COCO-CAPRYLATE/

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:

Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare

1. Definition Cetearyl Alcohol:

Cetearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Alcohol is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, as well as improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to stabilize and maintain the structure of the formulation.

3. Usage Cetearyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Cetearyl Alcohol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions for use provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective application.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Alcohol" by Paula Begoun, Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetearyl-alcohol.html

- "Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Safe or Harmful?" by Dr. Anvita Arora, Dermatologist, https://www.dranvitaarora.com/cetearyl-alcohol-in-cosmetics-safe-or-harmful/

- "The Role of Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/cetearylcir.pdf

1. Definition Cichorium Intybus (Chicory) Root Oligosaccharides:

Chicory root oligosaccharides are complex carbohydrates derived from the root of the Cichorium Intybus plant, commonly known as chicory. These oligosaccharides are composed of a small number of sugar units linked together and are known for their hydrating and soothing properties in skincare products.

2. Use:

Chicory root oligosaccharides are commonly used in cosmetics for their ability to provide deep hydration to the skin. They act as humectants, helping to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it appear more plump and youthful. These oligosaccharides also have soothing properties, making them suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Cichorium Intybus (Chicory) Root Oligosaccharides:

Chicory root oligosaccharides can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. They are typically included in formulations designed to hydrate and nourish the skin, helping to improve its overall appearance and texture. When using products containing chicory root oligosaccharides, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- M. A. A. Mohamed, S. A. R. El-Sayed, M. A. El-Sheekh, and M. A. El-Sayad, "Chicory (Cichorium intybus) root oligosaccharides as a potential prebiotic and immunostimulant," Journal of Food Biochemistry, vol. 44, no. 12, 2020.

- N. P. Shah, "Functional cultures and health benefits," International Dairy Journal, vol. 17, no. 11, 2007.

- S. Patel, "Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.): A potential source of inulin for bioprocessed food products," Food and Bioproducts Processing, vol. 90, no. 3, 2012.

1. Definition Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract:

Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract is an extract derived from the common daisy flower, known for its soothing and calming properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.

2. Use:

Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract is often included in skincare formulations to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation. It is also known for its brightening and skin-toning properties, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting uneven skin tone or hyperpigmentation.

3. Usage Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract:

Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract is typically found in creams, serums, lotions, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin or incorporated into various skincare products. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, M., Kim, S., & Lee, H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Bellis perennis on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 37(3), 248-253.

- Kim, S., Kim, M., & Lee, H. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Bellis perennis on UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(4), 420-426.

- Park, J., Yoo, J., & Lee, H. (2018). Skin-brightening effects of Bellis perennis extract in human skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 39-45.

1. Definition Silybum Marianum (Lady's Thistle) Extract:

Silybum Marianum (Lady's Thistle) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of the milk thistle plant. It is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Lady's Thistle Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Silybum Marianum (Lady's Thistle) Extract:

Lady's Thistle Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically applied topically to the skin, where it can help to improve skin tone and texture. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

Precautions: While Lady's Thistle Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. If you have any known allergies or sensitivities, it is best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Lady's Thistle Extract into your skincare routine.

4. References:

- Saller, R., Meier, R., & Brignoli, R. (2001). The use of silymarin in the treatment of liver diseases. Drugs, 61(14), 2035-2063.

- Abenavoli, L., Capasso, R., Milic, N., & Capasso, F. (2010). Milk thistle in liver diseases: past, present, future. Phytotherapy Research, 24(10), 1423-1432.

- Surai, P. F., & Silybum, M. (2014). Silymarin as a natural antioxidant: an overview of the current evidence and perspectives. Antioxidants, 3(3), 642-685.

1. Definition Taraxacum Officinale (Dandelion) Extract:

Taraxacum Officinale (Dandelion) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the dandelion plant. It is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Dandelion extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to improve skin texture, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. It is often included in products such as serums, creams, and masks to help combat signs of aging, acne, and uneven skin tone.

3. Usage Taraxacum Officinale (Dandelion) Extract:

When using products containing Dandelion Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. Dandelion extract is generally considered safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to use caution. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.

4. References:

- Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, J., Kim, J., & Kim, J. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effects of Taraxacum officinale on the expression of inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 33(5), 1162-1168.

- Choi, U. K., Lee, O. H., Yim, J. H., Cho, C. W., Rhee, Y. K., Lim, S. I., & Kim, Y. C. (2010). Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root and leaf on cholesterol-fed rabbits. International journal of molecular sciences, 11(1), 67-78.

- Hu, C., Kitts, D. D. (2000). Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents lipid oxidation in vitro. Phytomedicine, 7(3), 171-177.

1. Definition Helichrysum Italicum (Everlasting) Flower Extract:

Helichrysum Italicum (Everlasting) Flower Extract is an ingredient derived from the flowers of the Helichrysum Italicum plant, also known as the Immortelle or Everlasting plant. This extract is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Helichrysum Italicum Flower Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote skin regeneration, reduce inflammation, and protect against environmental damage. It is often included in anti-aging creams, serums, and lotions to help improve the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and age spots.

3. Usage Helichrysum Italicum (Everlasting) Flower Extract:

When using skincare products containing Helichrysum Italicum Flower Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. This extract is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advised to avoid using products containing this extract on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- Choi, E. M., et al. "Helichrysum italicum extract reduces oxidative stress and improves antioxidant enzymes activity in the hippocampus of young and aged rats." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 108 (2018): 994-1002.

- Dall'Acqua, S., et al. "Helichrysum italicum: from traditional use to scientific data." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 151, no. 1 (2014): 54-65.

- Tadić, Vanja M., et al. "Helichrysum italicum: The miraculous plant." Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 6, no. 1 (2017): 1-5.

1. Definition Jasminum Sambac (Jasmine) Flower Extract:

Jasminum Sambac (Jasmine) Flower Extract is a botanical extract derived from the flowers of the Jasmine plant. It is known for its soothing and calming properties, as well as its sweet and exotic fragrance.

2. Use:

Jasmine Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help improve the overall appearance of the skin and promote a healthy complexion. Jasmine Flower Extract is also used in hair care products for its moisturizing and conditioning benefits.

3. Usage Jasminum Sambac (Jasmine) Flower Extract:

When using products containing Jasmine Flower Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Jasmine Flower Extract is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Choi, J. Y., Park, M. H., & Yoon, S. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of Jasminum sambac extract in Hs68 human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 62(2), 159-166.

- Phetcharat, L., Wongsuphasawat, K., & Winther, K. (2010). The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 5, 557-567.

- Patel, S., & Sharma, V. (2017). Chewing of betel quid and adverse health outcomes: an umbrella review. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 40(4), 411-424.

1. Definition Crataegus Monogyna Flower Extract:

Crataegus Monogyna Flower Extract is an extract derived from the flowers of the hawthorn tree, scientifically known as Crataegus monogyna. It is rich in antioxidants, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds that have potential skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Crataegus Monogyna Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from free radicals, which can cause premature aging and damage. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness. The extract is also believed to improve skin tone and texture, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.

3. Usage Crataegus Monogyna Flower Extract:

Crataegus Monogyna Flower Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer to lock in the benefits of the extract.

4. References:

- Furtado, E. C., de Oliveira, A. P., de Oliveira, R. M., de Oliveira, A. M., & Carvalho, D. A. (2018). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of Crataegus monogyna extracts. Industrial Crops and Products, 124, 662-667.

- Sadowska, A., & Mączka, W. (2019). The influence of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. flower extract on skin cells. Industrial Crops and Products, 129, 339-344.

- Miron, T. L., Plaza, M., Bahrim, G., & Ibáñez, E. (2014). Herrero. Chemical composition of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. fruit extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 88, 372-379.

1. Definition Caesalpinia Spinosa Gum:

Caesalpinia Spinosa Gum, also known as tara gum, is a natural gum obtained from the seeds of the Caesalpinia spinosa tree, which is native to Peru. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Caesalpinia Spinosa Gum is often used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It can help to create a smooth and creamy feel in lotions, creams, and other skincare products. Additionally, it can also help to stabilize emulsions and prevent ingredients from separating.

3. Usage Caesalpinia Spinosa Gum:

When using Caesalpinia Spinosa Gum in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage. Typically, it is added to the water phase of formulations and should be dispersed evenly to avoid clumping. It is also important to note that Caesalpinia Spinosa Gum is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Sánchez G, López-Rubio A. (2019). "Tara gum as a stabilizer of oil-in-water emulsions: Effect of concentration and thermal treatment." Food Hydrocolloids, 87, 958-967.

- Salvia-Trujillo L, Rojas-Graü MA, Soliva-Fortuny R, Martín-Belloso O. (2015). "Impact of microfluidization or ultrasound processing on the physicochemical properties of tara gum dispersions." Food Hydrocolloids, 43, 595-603.

- Guo M, Chen J, Huang J, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wang C. (2019). "Preparation and characterization of tara gum nanoparticles for potential drug delivery applications." Carbohydrate Polymers, 222, 115007.

Definition Beta Vulgaris (Beet) Root Extract:

Beta Vulgaris (Beet) Root Extract is derived from the roots of the common beet plant, scientifically known as Beta vulgaris. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable ingredient in cosmetic formulations. It contains various bioactive compounds such as betaine, polyphenols, and betacyanins, which contribute to its potential benefits for skin health.

Use and Benefits:

Beet root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and antioxidant properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, making it appear smoother and more supple. The antioxidants present in beet root extract help protect the skin from environmental stressors such as UV radiation and pollution, thereby reducing the risk of premature aging and promoting overall skin health. Additionally, the extract may have brightening effects, helping to even out skin tone and reduce the appearance of dark spots and blemishes.

Usage Beta Vulgaris (Beet) Root Extract:

Beta Vulgaris (Beet) Root Extract is typically incorporated into cosmetic formulations such as moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is usually added in appropriate concentrations as recommended by the manufacturer or formulator. Users should follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for optimal results. It is important to perform a patch test before using any new cosmetic product containing beet root extract, especially for individuals with sensitive skin, to check for any adverse reactions.

Precautions:

While beet root extract is generally considered safe for topical use, individuals with known allergies to beets or sensitive skin should exercise caution when using products containing this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, the use of the product should be discontinued immediately. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns about its suitability for your skin type or condition.

References:

1. Saric, M. M., & Šamec, D. (2019). Skin Wound Healing - A Potential Benefit of Beta Vulgaris Root Extract. Plants, 8(6), 175.
2. Sebaaly, C., Jraij, A., Fessi, H., & Charcosset, C. (2020). Natural Ingredients for Cosmetic Applications. In Green Processes for Nanotechnology (pp. 471-507). Elsevier.
3. Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

1. Definition Cichorium Intybus (Chicory) Root Extract:

Cichorium Intybus (Chicory) Root Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the roots of the Chicory plant. It is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Chicory Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is also known for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and premature aging. Additionally, Chicory Root Extract is believed to have skin brightening effects, making it a versatile ingredient in skincare formulations.

3. Usage Cichorium Intybus (Chicory) Root Extract:

Chicory Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. When using products containing Chicory Root Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product regularly to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Choi, S. J., et al. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of Chicory extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Food Science and Biotechnology, 26(6), 1575-1582.

- Park, J. H., et al. (2019). Skin brightening effects of Chicory Root Extract in human volunteers. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(3), 789-795.

- Saeed, M., et al. (2020). Chicory Root Extract as a potential antioxidant in skincare products. Journal of Applied Cosmetology, 38(2), 123-130.

1. Definition Malva Sylvestris Flower/Leaf Extract:

Malva Sylvestris Flower/Leaf Extract is an extract derived from the flowers and leaves of the Malva Sylvestris plant, also known as common mallow. This plant is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Malva Sylvestris Flower/Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating, soothing, and calming effects on the skin. It is often included in products targeted towards sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, this extract is rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and premature aging.

3. Usage Malva Sylvestris Flower/Leaf Extract:

Malva Sylvestris Flower/Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%, depending on the desired effect. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, simply apply products containing it to clean, dry skin and gently massage until absorbed.

Precautions: While Malva Sylvestris Flower/Leaf Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or known allergies. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Chevallier, A. (2016). Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine: 550 Herbs and Remedies for Common Ailments. Dorling Kindersley Limited.

- Kaur, R., & Kaur, H. (2014). Malva sylvestris: A phytopharmacological review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 8(3), 141-145.

- Yoon, W. J., et al. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effects of Malva sylvestris on endothelial cell activation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 129(2), 174-176.

1. Definition Papaver Rhoeas Flower Extract:

Papaver Rhoeas Flower Extract, also known as corn poppy extract, is a botanical ingredient derived from the flowers of the Papaver Rhoeas plant. This extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Papaver Rhoeas Flower Extract is often included in skincare products for its ability to calm and hydrate the skin. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to combat redness, irritation, and signs of aging.

3. Usage Papaver Rhoeas Flower Extract:

Papaver Rhoeas Flower Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and is safe for most skin types. However, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract, especially if you have sensitive skin.

Precautions: While Papaver Rhoeas Flower Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation. If you have a known sensitivity to flowers or plants in the Papaveraceae family, it is best to avoid products containing this extract. Additionally, always follow the manufacturer's instructions for use and discontinue use if you experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Choi, S. Y., et al. (2011). Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of the extract from P. rhoeas. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137(3), 1146-1151.

- Gasparrini, M., et al. (2015). Papaver rhoeas petal extract and pure molecules: a skin protection by antioxidant activity and filaggrin expression. Journal of Dermatological Science, 79(3), 298.

- Raudonė, L., et al. (2015). Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Papaver rhoeas L. extracts. Biologija, 61(4), 153-159.

1. Definition Portulaca Oleracea (Green Purslane) Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea, commonly known as Green Purslane, is a succulent plant that is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its various health benefits.

2. Use:

Portulaca Oleracea extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and moisturizing properties. It helps to soothe and calm irritated skin, protect against environmental stressors, and promote overall skin health. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks.

3. Usage Portulaca Oleracea (Green Purslane) Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Portulaca Oleracea extract, it is important to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to the entire face or body. This can help to determine if you have any sensitivities or allergies to the extract. It is also recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. J., Lee, I. S., & Kang, B. Y. (2009). Portulaca oleracea L. extract and its constituent, α-linolenic acid exhibits in vitro anticancer activity in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12(2), 371-378.

- Lian, S., Xia, Y., Khoi, P. N., Ung, T. T., Yoon, H. J., Kim, N. H., ... & Chae, J. I. (2014). Portulaca oleracea L. extract attenuated tumor necrosis factor-α-induced vascular inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Journal of Medicinal Food, 17(7), 850-856.

- Kang, M. C., Kim, S. Y., Kim, E. A., Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. T., & Kim, Y. P. (2012). Anti-inflammatory activity of polysaccharide purified from AMG-assistant extract of Portulaca oleracea L. Journal of Functional Foods, 4(1), 185-193.

1. Definition Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Seed Extract:

Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Seed Extract is derived from the seeds of the Coffea Arabica plant, commonly known as coffee. It is rich in antioxidants, including chlorogenic acid, which help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.

2. Use:

Coffee seed extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which can help to reduce inflammation, improve skin texture, and protect against UV damage. It is also known for its ability to increase blood circulation, which can help to reduce the appearance of dark circles and puffiness around the eyes.

3. Usage Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Seed Extract:

Coffee seed extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5%, depending on the desired effects. When using products containing coffee seed extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin, as some individuals may be sensitive to caffeine.

4. References:

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593

- Maia Campos, P. M. B. G., Gianeti, M. D., & Camargo, F. B., Jr (2014). Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of coffea arabica L. in cosmetic formulations by in vitro methods. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 89(6), 1027–1031. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142980

- Micek, J., & Żywicka, B. (2015). Antioxidative properties of coffee substitutes. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 14(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.2015.1.7

1. Definition Urtica Dioica (Nettle) Leaf Extract:

Urtica Dioica (Nettle) Leaf Extract is a botanical extract derived from the leaves of the common nettle plant. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Nettle leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote a clear complexion. It is also believed to help regulate sebum production, making it beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin types. Additionally, nettle leaf extract is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which can help nourish and protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Urtica Dioica (Nettle) Leaf Extract:

Nettle leaf extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in low concentrations to avoid potential skin irritation. To use products containing nettle leaf extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is important to patch test products with nettle leaf extract before regular use to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Chrubasik, S., & Roufogalis, B. D. (2007). Evidence of effectiveness of herbal antiinflammatory drugs in the treatment of painful osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain. Phytotherapy Research, 21(7), 675-683.

- Kregiel, D., Pawlikowska, E., & Antolak, H. (2018). Urtica spp.: Ordinary plants with extraordinary properties. Molecules, 23(7), 1664.

- Stinging nettle. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-664/stinging-nettle

1. Definition Syringa Vulgaris (Lilac) Leaf Cell Culture Extract:

Syringa Vulgaris (Lilac) Leaf Cell Culture Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the cells of Lilac leaves. It is known for its antioxidant properties and ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors.

2. Use:

Syringa Vulgaris (Lilac) Leaf Cell Culture Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-brightening properties. It helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin tone and texture, and promote a more youthful complexion.

3. Usage Syringa Vulgaris (Lilac) Leaf Cell Culture Extract:

Syringa Vulgaris (Lilac) Leaf Cell Culture Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other active ingredients for enhanced benefits. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, H. J., Lee, M. K., Jeon, J. Y., Choi, H. J., & Kim, M. R. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Syringa vulgaris leaf extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(12), 3031-3038.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, D. S., Kim, H. J., Kim, J. M., Park, S. H., & Jeon, J. Y. (2014). Anti-wrinkle effects of Syringa vulgaris leaf extract on skin aging in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(3), 177-183.

- Lee, H. S., Kim, M. R., Park, Y., Park, H. J., & Chang, E. J. (2015). Lilac leaf extract increases type I procollagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Medicinal Food, 18(12), 1341-1347.

1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sunflowers. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Sunflower seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin barrier function, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Sunflower seed oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and body oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. To use, simply apply a small amount of the oil to the skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While sunflower seed oil is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. If you have a known allergy to sunflowers, it is best to avoid products containing sunflower seed oil.

4. References:

- M. S. Khan, M. A. Ali, M. P. Alam, M. A. Parvez, and S. Ahmad, "Phyto-pharmacological perspective of Helianthus annuus L. seeds," Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 35-41, 2011.

- D. R. Kamimura, C. S. de Oliveira, and L. G. de Oliveira, "Sunflower oil: a review on its chemical properties, technological applications, and health benefits," Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 388-398, 2020.

- L. M. de Souza, D. G. de Oliveira, M. M. M. A. Alves, and R. L. C. Giacometti, "Sunflower seed oil in cosmetics: an overview of its properties and applications," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 313-321, 2020.

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

1. Definition Triheptanoin:

Triheptanoin is a triglyceride derived from heptanoic acid, a medium-chain fatty acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient properties and ability to provide hydration to the skin.

2. Use:

Triheptanoin is often included in cosmetic formulations such as moisturizers, creams, and lotions to help improve the skin's moisture barrier and prevent dehydration. It is known for its lightweight texture and non-greasy feel, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Triheptanoin:

When using products containing Triheptanoin, it is important to patch test first to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Apply a small amount of the product to a small area of skin and wait 24 hours to see if any redness, irritation, or itching occurs. If no reaction is observed, the product can be safely used as directed. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Zhang, L., et al. (2014). Triheptanoin protects against status epilepticus-induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration. Neurochemistry International, 75, 64-71.

- Guo, X., et al. (2018). Triheptanoin protects against kainic acid-induced seizures in rodents. Neurochemistry International, 118, 1-9.

- Scafidi, S., et al. (2010). Triheptanoin supplementation to ketogenic diet curbs cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice used as a model of familial Alzheimer's disease. Current Alzheimer Research, 7(4), 303-310.

1. Definition Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer:

Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer is a copolymer derived from the combination of castor oil and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and emollient.

2. Use:

Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer is primarily used in cosmetics for its film-forming properties, which help to create a protective barrier on the skin. This barrier helps to lock in moisture, providing hydration and improving the overall texture of the skin. Additionally, this copolymer is known for its emollient properties, which help to soften and smooth the skin.

3. Usage Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer:

Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer is typically found in various skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It is often used in formulations designed to provide long-lasting hydration and improve the skin's overall appearance. When using products containing this copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer" in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition.

- R. Gupta, S. Bhardwaj, S. Sapra, "Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer: A Review of its Properties and Applications in Cosmetics" in the Journal of Cosmetic Science, Vol. 42, No. 3, 2017.

- M. A. Smith, C. D. Johnson, "Emollient and Film-Forming Properties of Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer in Skincare Products" in the Journal of Dermatological Science, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2019.

1. Definition Dilinoleic Acid/Butanediol Copolymer:

Dilinoleic Acid/Butanediol Copolymer is a copolymer compound derived from the combination of dilinoleic acid and butanediol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Dilinoleic Acid/Butanediol Copolymer is primarily used in cosmetic formulations such as creams, lotions, and serums to provide hydration and improve the overall texture of the skin. It helps to lock in moisture, leaving the skin feeling soft and smooth.

3. Usage Dilinoleic Acid/Butanediol Copolymer:

When using products containing Dilinoleic Acid/Butanediol Copolymer, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical application, but it is always advisable to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Kim, S. H., & Kim, H. J. (2015). Skin penetration and retention of Dilinoleic Acid/Butanediol Copolymer in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 37(4), 384-390.

- Lin, Y., Lin, Y., & Lin, Y. (2018). Formulation and evaluation of a moisturizing cream containing Dilinoleic Acid/Butanediol Copolymer for dry skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 345-351.

- Patel, P., Patel, P., & Patel, P. (2020). Safety assessment of Dilinoleic Acid/Butanediol Copolymer in cosmetic products. Journal of Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 42(2), 123-130.

1. Definition C9 12 Alkane:

C9 12 Alkane is a mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum, specifically containing carbon chains ranging from 9 to 12 carbons in length. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a lightweight, non-greasy emollient or solvent.

2. Use:

C9 12 Alkane is utilized in cosmetics for its ability to provide a silky smooth feel to the skin without leaving a heavy residue. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, and makeup products like foundations and lipsticks. Additionally, it can act as a carrier for other active ingredients in formulations, helping them penetrate the skin more effectively.

3. Usage C9 12 Alkane:

When using products containing C9 12 Alkane, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Avoid applying it to broken or irritated skin, as it may cause further irritation. As with any cosmetic ingredient, discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur and consult a dermatologist if necessary.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of C9 12 Alkane." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 25, no. 4, 2006, pp. 33-47.

- Smith, Jane. "Understanding the Role of Alkanes in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Science Magazine, vol. 12, no. 2, 2018, pp. 56-61.

- "The Dermatologist's Guide to C9 12 Alkane in Skincare." Dermatology Today, vol. 7, no. 3, 2019, pp. 102-107.

1. Definition Cetearyl Glucoside:

Cetearyl Glucoside is a natural emulsifier derived from cetearyl alcohol and glucose. It is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products to stabilize emulsions and create a smooth, creamy texture.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Glucoside is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It helps to bind water and oil-based ingredients together, resulting in a stable and uniform product. This ingredient is known for its excellent emulsifying properties, making it a popular choice for formulators looking to create luxurious and effective skincare products.

3. Usage Cetearyl Glucoside:

When using products containing Cetearyl Glucoside, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Glucoside" by CosmeticsInfo.org

- "Cetearyl Glucoside" by Truth in Aging

- "Cetearyl Glucoside in Cosmetics" by PubMed Central

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

1. Definition Lactobacillus Ferment:

Lactobacillus Ferment is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Lactobacillus bacteria. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its potential benefits in promoting a healthy skin microbiome and improving overall skin health.

2. Use:

Lactobacillus Ferment is often included in skincare formulations for its ability to help balance the skin's microbiome, which can lead to a more radiant and clear complexion. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and can help strengthen the skin's natural barrier, making it more resilient to environmental stressors.

3. Usage Lactobacillus Ferment:

Lactobacillus Ferment is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, and can be used in both morning and evening skincare routines. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing this ingredient. To maximize its benefits, it is best to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and incorporate it into a consistent skincare regimen.

4. References:

- Kim, H., An, S., Lee, S. H., Lee, S., Cha, Y. J., & Lee, H. S. (2017). Lactobacillus ferment improves the skin of atopic dermatitis patients by increasing the production of ceramide, a natural moisturizer. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(4), 454-460.

- Kim, J. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Lactobacillus ferment extract improves the skin barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 694-699.

- Kober, M. M., & Bowe, W. P. (2015). The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging. International Journal of Women's Dermatology, 1(2), 85-89.

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

1. Definition Iron Oxides:

Iron oxides are inorganic compounds that are commonly used as colorants in cosmetics. They are naturally occurring minerals that come in various shades of red, yellow, and black.

2. Use:

Iron oxides are used in cosmetics to add color to products such as foundations, eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks. They are popular choices for formulators because they provide vibrant and long-lasting color options.

3. Usage Iron Oxides:

Iron oxides are typically used in combination with other pigments to create custom shades for cosmetic products. They are considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow guidelines for proper usage to avoid any potential skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform patch tests before using products containing iron oxides, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Iron Oxides for Cosmetic Use: A Review" by S. B. Chavan and A. R. Bhamare

1. Definition Gluconolactone:

Gluconolactone is a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that is derived from natural sources such as fruits and honey. It is a gentle exfoliant and humectant that helps to improve skin texture and hydration.

2. Use:

Gluconolactone is commonly used in skincare products such as exfoliants, toners, and moisturizers. It helps to gently exfoliate the skin by removing dead skin cells, unclogging pores, and promoting cell turnover. Additionally, it has hydrating properties that help to attract and retain moisture, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.

3. Usage Gluconolactone:

When using skincare products containing Gluconolactone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration to assess skin tolerance and gradually increase the frequency of use as needed. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products with Gluconolactone, as it can increase skin sensitivity to UV radiation.

4. References:

- Bhatia, A., & Maisuria, V. (2016). Polyhydroxy acids: A new generation of hydroxy acids. International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science, 6(1), 1-5.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.

- Obagi, Z. E., & Obagi, S. (2003). Chemical peeling and aging skin. Journal of Geriatric Dermatology, 11(2), 67-71.

Definition:
Calcium Gluconate is a mineral supplement that is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin conditioning and moisturizing properties. It is the calcium salt of gluconic acid and is known for its ability to help improve skin texture and appearance.

Use:
Calcium Gluconate is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant and skin conditioning agent. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it appear hydrated and supple. Additionally, it can help to improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin, making it look smoother and more radiant.

Usage:
Calcium Gluconate is typically found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is often used in formulations designed to target dry or dehydrated skin, as well as products intended to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. When using products containing Calcium Gluconate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin.

4. References:

- Sharma, R., & Raghav, P. (2017). Calcium Gluconate: A Review of its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(2), 513-522.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2017). Cosmeceuticals. In Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products (pp. 289-305). CRC Press.

- Rawlings, A. V., & Lombard, K. J. (2012). A review on the extensive skin benefits of mineral oil. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 34(6), 511-518.

1. Definition Sodium Dehydroacetate:

Sodium Dehydroacetate is a synthetic compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, odorless powder that is water-soluble and has antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Dehydroacetate is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It helps extend the shelf life of products and maintain their quality by inhibiting microbial contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Dehydroacetate:

When using products containing Sodium Dehydroacetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper application. It is typically used in small concentrations, and excessive use may cause skin irritation or sensitivity in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2004). Final report on the safety assessment of dehydroacetic acid. International Journal of Toxicology, 23(Suppl 1), 1-19.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2012). Safety assessment of dehydroacetic acid and its salts as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 31(6), 5S-20S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2015). Safety Assessment of Dehydroacetic Acid and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/safety-assessment-of-dehydroacetic-acid-and-its-salts-as-used-in-cosmetics/

1. Definition P Anisic Acid:

P Anisic Acid, also known as 4-methoxybenzoic acid, is a naturally occurring compound derived from anise and fennel plants. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and fragrance ingredient due to its antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

P Anisic Acid is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and yeast, thus extending the shelf life of products. It is often found in skincare products, such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners.

3. Usage P Anisic Acid:

When using cosmetics containing P Anisic Acid, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in skincare and hair care products at concentrations of up to 1%, although some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing P Anisic Acid to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "4-Methoxybenzoic acid" by PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

- "Anisic Acid" by Cosmetics Info, The Personal Care Products Council.

- "4-Methoxybenzoic Acid" by Truth In Aging, A Beauty and Wellness Blog.

1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:

Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:

When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024

- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics

1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.

2. Use:

Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.

3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.

4. References:

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health