Guerlain Orchidée Impériale The Micro-Lift Concentrate (2023)

1. Definition Propanediol:

Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.

2. Use:

Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Propanediol:

Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.

- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.

- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.

1. Definition Coco Caprylate/ Caprate:

Coco Caprylate/ Caprate is a natural ester derived from coconut oil and caprylic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is a lightweight, fast-absorbing ingredient that helps to hydrate and soften the skin without leaving a greasy residue.

2. Use:

Coco Caprylate/ Caprate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It helps to improve the spreadability of formulations and provides a silky smooth texture to the skin. Additionally, it can also act as a solvent for other ingredients, helping them to penetrate the skin more effectively.

3. Usage Coco Caprylate/ Caprate:

When using products containing Coco Caprylate/ Caprate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Coco-Caprylate/Caprate" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/coco-caprylatecaprate

- "Coco-Caprylate" by Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/coco-caprylate

- "Coco-Caprylate" by Skin Deep, https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706751-COCO-CAPRYLATE/

1. Definition Methylpropanediol:

Methylpropanediol is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and skin conditioning agent. It is also known as 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol and is derived from renewable resources.

2. Use:

Methylpropanediol is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and feel of the product. It can also enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin, making it an effective carrier for active ingredients. Additionally, it can help to hydrate the skin and prevent moisture loss, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and creams.

3. Usage Methylpropanediol:

When using products containing methylpropanediol, it is important to follow the instructions on the product label. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing methylpropanediol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Kim, M. H., & Lee, J. B. (2018). Safety assessment of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol. International journal of toxicology, 37(3), 219-229.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Safety assessment of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 29(2), 120S-129S.

- European Commission. (2002). Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products intended for consumers concerning 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol.

1. Definition Betaine:

Betaine is a naturally occurring compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It is derived from sugar beets and is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Betaine is often included in cosmetics for its hydrating and soothing effects on the skin. It helps to improve the skin's moisture levels, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. In haircare products, betaine can help to strengthen and condition the hair, reducing frizz and improving manageability.

3. Usage Betaine:

Betaine can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, cleansers, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and is considered safe for most skin types. However, as with any new ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using a product containing betaine to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Choudhury, H., & Pandey, M. (2013). Betaine in cosmetics. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 35(2), 157-161.

- Kim, J., & Lee, I. (2016). Moisturizing effects of betaine-containing cosmetics on human skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 212-217.

- Yoon, H. S., & Lee, S. J. (2018). Betaine as a conditioning agent in haircare products. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(5), 321-327.

1. Definition Diglycerin:

Diglycerin is a type of glycerin that is derived from vegetable oils and is commonly used in cosmetic products as a humectant and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and viscous liquid that helps to hydrate and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Diglycerin is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it appear smoother and more hydrated. Diglycerin is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions.

3. Usage Diglycerin:

Diglycerin can be found in various concentrations in cosmetic formulations, depending on the desired level of hydration and emollient properties. It is typically safe for use on all skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing diglycerin to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

Precautions: While diglycerin is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation. It is always recommended to read the ingredient list of products carefully and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using diglycerin-containing products.

4. References:

- Sharma, A., Bhatia, A., & Singh, S. (2019). A comprehensive review on natural glycerin and its applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(5), 2117-2125.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2016). Cosmeceuticals: Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Kadam, V. J., & Jadhav, S. M. (2018). Handbook of industrial chemistry: Organic chemicals. Springer.

1. Definition Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil:

Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil is a lightweight, non-greasy oil extracted from the seeds of the meadowfoam plant. It is rich in antioxidants and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Meadowfoam Seed Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent choice for hydrating dry skin and hair. It helps to lock in moisture, leaving the skin and hair soft and smooth. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil:

Meadowfoam Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair conditioners, and lip balms. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other oils and ingredients to create customized beauty products. When using Meadowfoam Seed Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a dermatologist before using it.

4. References:

- Kim, H., & Moon, E. (2017). Effect of limnanthes alba seed oil on skin barrier function. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 137(5), S197.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Reis, L. (2019). Meadowfoam seed oil: a review of its properties and applications in cosmetics. Cosmetics, 6(1), 16.

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

1. Definition Orchid Extract:

Orchid Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers of orchid plants. It is known for its skincare benefits, including moisturizing, anti-aging, and soothing properties.

2. Use:

Orchid Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks to help improve skin texture and appearance.

3. Usage Orchid Extract:

When using products containing Orchid Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine to help maintain healthy and youthful-looking skin.

Precautions: While Orchid Extract is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, H. G., & Kim, H. R. (2015). Orchid extract reduces the expression of collagen and inflammatory response genes in ultraviolet B-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, 58(2), 175-181.

- Lim, T. G., & Kim, J. E. (2016). Orchid extract promotes collagen production and prevents UVB-induced wrinkle formation in mice. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 42(2), 121-128.

- Lee, S. H., Shin, S. H., & Kim, S. H. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of Orchid Extract in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(1), 37-45.

1. Definition Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer:

Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer is a copolymer derived from the combination of castor oil and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and emollient.

2. Use:

Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer is primarily used in cosmetics for its film-forming properties, which help to create a protective barrier on the skin. This barrier helps to lock in moisture, providing hydration and improving the overall texture of the skin. Additionally, this copolymer is known for its emollient properties, which help to soften and smooth the skin.

3. Usage Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer:

Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer is typically found in various skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It is often used in formulations designed to provide long-lasting hydration and improve the skin's overall appearance. When using products containing this copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer" in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition.

- R. Gupta, S. Bhardwaj, S. Sapra, "Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer: A Review of its Properties and Applications in Cosmetics" in the Journal of Cosmetic Science, Vol. 42, No. 3, 2017.

- M. A. Smith, C. D. Johnson, "Emollient and Film-Forming Properties of Castor Oil/ Ipdi Copolymer in Skincare Products" in the Journal of Dermatological Science, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2019.

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

1. Definition Triheptanoin:

Triheptanoin is a triglyceride derived from heptanoic acid, a medium-chain fatty acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient properties and ability to provide hydration to the skin.

2. Use:

Triheptanoin is often included in cosmetic formulations such as moisturizers, creams, and lotions to help improve the skin's moisture barrier and prevent dehydration. It is known for its lightweight texture and non-greasy feel, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Triheptanoin:

When using products containing Triheptanoin, it is important to patch test first to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Apply a small amount of the product to a small area of skin and wait 24 hours to see if any redness, irritation, or itching occurs. If no reaction is observed, the product can be safely used as directed. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Zhang, L., et al. (2014). Triheptanoin protects against status epilepticus-induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration. Neurochemistry International, 75, 64-71.

- Guo, X., et al. (2018). Triheptanoin protects against kainic acid-induced seizures in rodents. Neurochemistry International, 118, 1-9.

- Scafidi, S., et al. (2010). Triheptanoin supplementation to ketogenic diet curbs cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice used as a model of familial Alzheimer's disease. Current Alzheimer Research, 7(4), 303-310.

1. Definition Carbomer:

Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and stabilizer. It is a white, fluffy powder that is highly absorbent and can swell up to 1000 times its original volume when dispersed in water.

2. Use:

Carbomer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the stability of emulsions, and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Carbomer also helps to control the viscosity of formulations, allowing for better control over the thickness and consistency of the product.

3. Usage Carbomer:

When using products containing Carbomer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. Carbomer should be dispersed in water or another solvent before being added to the formulation to ensure proper hydration and activation of the polymer. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system.

4. References:

- Sharma, A., & Jain, A. (2012). Carbomers: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(3), 805-814.

- Liao, Y., & Wang, J. (2017). Carbomer: A versatile polymer in pharmaceutical applications. Polymer Chemistry, 8(3), 355-366.

- Patel, D. (2015). Carbomer in pharmaceuticals: A review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(2), 121-133.

1. Definition Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract is derived from the oat plant and is known for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to calm irritated skin and provide hydration.

2. Use:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and emollient properties. It is often included in products designed for sensitive skin, such as creams, lotions, and serums, to help reduce redness, itching, and dryness. This ingredient is also known to help improve the skin's barrier function and protect against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract:

When using products containing Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there are no adverse reactions. This ingredient is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with oat allergies should avoid products containing oat-derived ingredients. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with this extract.

4. References:

- Baumann, Leslie. "Cosmeceuticals and Cosmetic Ingredients." McGraw Hill Professional, 2015.

- Draelos, Zoe Diana. "Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures." John Wiley & Sons, 2015.

- Sur, Rituparna. "Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics: Drugs vs. Cosmetics." CRC Press, 2016.

1. Definition C13 15 Alkane:

C13-15 Alkane is a mixture of alkanes with carbon chain lengths ranging from 13 to 15. It is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a lightweight and fast-absorbing emollient.

2. Use:

C13-15 Alkane is used in cosmetics as a substitute for silicones and mineral oil due to its lightweight and non-greasy texture. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft without a heavy or oily residue. It is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens.

3. Usage C13 15 Alkane:

When using products containing C13-15 Alkane, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage.

4. References:

- "C13-15 Alkane." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/c13-15-alkane.

- "C13-15 Alkane." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/c13-15-alkane.

- "Safety Assessment of C13-15 Alkane as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/c13-15-alkane.pdf.

1. Definition Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antiseptic agent. It is a white crystalline powder with a mild, pleasant odor.

2. Use:

Chlorphenesin is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various personal care products. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful organisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines and recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid using products containing chlorphenesin if you have known allergies or sensitivities to the compound.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of chlorphenesin. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26 Suppl 3:61-72. doi: 10.1080/10915810701663150.

- Personal Care Products Council. Safety Assessment of Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics. 2013. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr126.pdf.

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. 2019. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822.

1. Definition Sorbitol:

Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant and thickening agent. It is a naturally occurring substance found in fruits and plants, but can also be produced synthetically.

2. Use:

Sorbitol is used in cosmetics to help attract moisture to the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Sorbitol also has emollient properties, which help to improve the texture and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Sorbitol:

Sorbitol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for its use. It is typically used in concentrations of up to 10% in skincare products. However, some individuals may be sensitive to sorbitol and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing sorbitol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5780, Sorbitol. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sorbitol

- Cosmetics Info. Sorbitol. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitol

- Personal Care Council. Sorbitol. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sorbitol

1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:

Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.

2. Use:

Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.

3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:

When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide

1. Definition Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract:

Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Schisandra Chinensis plant, also known as the five-flavor berry. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, this extract has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, making it beneficial for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract:

Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, look for products that list it as an ingredient and follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Lee, H. J., Lim, T. G., Shin, J. H., ... & Lee, K. W. (2012). Schisandra chinensis Baillon regulates the gene expression of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes in hepatic damage induced rats. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-300.

- Panossian, A., & Wikman, G. (2008). Pharmacology of Schisandra chinensis Bail.: an overview of Russian research and uses in medicine. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 118(2), 183-212.

- Park, J. E., Kim, J. Y., & Kim, Y. M. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill fruit through the inactivation of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages. Journal of cancer prevention, 16(3), 195-202.

1. Definition Algin:

Algin is a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, specifically from the cell walls of brown algae. It is commonly used in the cosmetics industry for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties.

2. Use:

Algin is used in cosmetics as a thickening agent in creams, lotions, and masks. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in products, making them easier to apply and spread on the skin. Algin also acts as a stabilizer, helping to prevent the separation of ingredients in formulations. Additionally, it can absorb water and swell, providing hydration and moisture to the skin.

3. Usage Algin:

When using cosmetics containing algin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application. It is generally safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to seaweed should perform a patch test before using products with algin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Draget, K. I., & Taylor, C. (2011). Chemical, physical and biological properties of alginates and their biomedical implications. Food Hydrocolloids, 25(2), 251-256.

- Kadam, D. M., & Bhagwat, S. S. (2013). Alginates: A review on biology, structure and functions. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 4(4), 26-33.

- Ngo, D. H., Kim, S. K., & Vo, T. S. (2012). Marine algae as a potential pharmaceutical source for anti-allergic therapeutics. Process Biochemistry, 47(3), 386-394.

1. Definition Malva Sylvestris (Mallow) Extract:

Malva Sylvestris (Mallow) Extract is a botanical extract derived from the common mallow plant. It is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Malva Sylvestris (Mallow) Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to calm and hydrate the skin. It is often found in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, it is believed to have antioxidant properties that can protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Malva Sylvestris (Mallow) Extract:

When using products containing Malva Sylvestris (Mallow) Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Choi, E. H., & Bae, S. M. (2010). Malva sylvestris and its active component, kaempferol, ameliorate skin inflammation by regulating expression of inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory cytokines. International journal of molecular medicine, 26(6), 925-932.

- Bae, S. M., Park, Y. J., Lee, Y. S., Kim, S. H., & Choi, E. H. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of Malva sylvestris on eosinophil infiltration in a mouse model of allergic asthma. International journal of molecular medicine, 28(5), 863-869.

- Salehi, B., Venditti, A., Sharifi-Rad, M., Kregiel, D., Sharifi-Rad, J., Durazzo, A., ... & Iriti, M. (2019). The therapeutic potential of apigenin. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(6), 1305.

1. Definition Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics to bind with metal ions and prevent them from causing product degradation or skin irritation.

2. Use:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is primarily used in cosmetics as a stabilizer and preservative. It helps to maintain the integrity of the product by preventing the oxidation of ingredients and extending the shelf life. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other active ingredients in the formula by improving their stability.

3. Usage Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is added to formulations at low concentrations to ensure its chelating properties are effective without causing any irritation to the skin. Users should follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective use of products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate" by the European Chemicals Agency

- "Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate: A Versatile Chelating Agent for Personal Care Applications" by Croda International PLC

1. Definition Adenosine:

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the body. In cosmetics, adenosine is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Adenosine is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reduce the signs of aging, and promote skin elasticity. It also helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Adenosine:

Adenosine is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it is applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to use products containing adenosine as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them after cleansing and toning the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Topical adenosine for hair loss: A promising alternative to minoxidil. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 457-461.

- Kim, D. S., et al. (2013). Anti-wrinkle activity of adenosine in human dermal fibroblasts through activation of adenosine A2A receptor signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(1), 282-291.

- Baek, J. H., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory role of adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor in human mast cells: Evidence and therapeutic potential. Journal of Immunology, 196(10), 4002-4011.

1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:

Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:

When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024

- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics

1. Definition Polyvinyl Alcohol:

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer that is water-soluble and biodegradable. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent, emulsifier, and thickener.

2. Use:

Polyvinyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to create a smooth and shiny film on the skin, hair, or nails. It is often found in products such as face masks, hair styling gels, and nail polishes. PVA helps to improve the texture and appearance of these products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall effectiveness.

3. Usage Polyvinyl Alcohol:

When using cosmetics containing Polyvinyl Alcohol, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to avoid ingesting products containing PVA and to keep them out of reach of children.

4. References:

- Zhang, C., Zhang, S., & Zhang, L. (2014). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. European Polymer Journal, 63, 134-151.

- Kim, J. E., Lee, Y. M., & Park, Y. H. (2015). Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan-based hydrogels for tissue engineering. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 21, 1177-1181.

- Rwei, S. P., Chen, J. W., & Kuo, C. Y. (2017). Polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrogels for wound dressing applications: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(2), 285.

1. Definition Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate:

Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the oxidation of ingredients and extend the shelf life of products.

2. Use:

Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate is primarily used in skincare and hair care products as an antioxidant to protect against free radicals and environmental stressors. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, sunscreens, and hair conditioners to maintain the efficacy of active ingredients and improve the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate:

When using products containing Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Final report on the safety assessment of Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate. International Journal of Toxicology, 29(3), 192S-207S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/pentaerythrityl-tetra-di-t-butyl-hydroxyhydrocinnamate

- European Commission. (2019). CosIng - Cosmetics Ingredients Database. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple&search=1&btnSubmit=Submit&searchText=pentaerythrityl+tetra+di+t+butyl+hydroxyhydrocinnamate

1. Definition Tropaeolum Majus Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

Tropaeolum Majus Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is an extract derived from the flowers, leaves, and stems of the Tropaeolum Majus plant, also known as the garden nasturtium. This plant is known for its vibrant flowers and pungent leaves, and its extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its various skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Tropaeolum Majus Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce inflammation, and fight against bacteria that can cause acne and other skin issues. Additionally, this extract is known to promote collagen production, which can help improve the overall appearance and texture of the skin.

3. Usage Tropaeolum Majus Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract:

Tropaeolum Majus Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract is typically used in skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks. It is often included in formulations targeting anti-aging, acne-prone, or sensitive skin, as it can help to address a variety of skin concerns. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Ashour, M. L., El-Readi, M. Z., Hamoud, R., Eid, S. Y., El-Shazly, A., Wink, M., & El-Kashak, W. A. (2018). Nasturtium officinale watercress herb: chemical composition, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 70(6), 841-850.

- Gomes, A., Fernandes, E., Lima, J. L., & Mira, L. (2008). Correlation between antibacterial activity and composition of aqueous extracts from Portuguese aromatic plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 107(2), 421-427.

- Tundis, R., Loizzo, M. R., Menichini, F., & Statti, G. A. (2008). Biological and pharmacological activities of iridoids: recent developments. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 8(4), 399-420.

1. Definition Cellulose Gum:

Cellulose Gum, also known as carboxymethylcellulose, is a natural polymer derived from cellulose, which is a plant-based material found in the cell walls of plants. It is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Cellulose Gum is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as lotions, creams, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, as well as provide a moisturizing effect. Additionally, Cellulose Gum can also help to stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water-based ingredients in formulations.

3. Usage Cellulose Gum:

When using products containing Cellulose Gum, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with Cellulose Gum to ensure they do not have an allergic reaction. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid getting Cellulose Gum in the eyes or mouth, as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- "Cellulose Gum," Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cellulose-gum

- "Carboxymethylcellulose," Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/carboxymethylcellulose

- "Cellulose Gum," The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/cellulose-gum/

1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.

2. Use:

Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.

3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.

4. References:

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

1. Definition Dipalmitoyl Hydroxyproline:

Dipalmitoyl Hydroxyproline is a synthetic compound derived from the amino acid proline. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Dipalmitoyl Hydroxyproline is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, helping to improve elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also has antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Dipalmitoyl Hydroxyproline:

Dipalmitoyl Hydroxyproline is typically found in anti-aging creams, serums, and lotions. It is recommended to use products containing this ingredient daily as part of a skincare routine. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- S. Lupo, M. Cole, "Cosmeceutical peptides," Dermatologic Therapy, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 343-349, 2007.

- A. Marini, "Dipalmitoyl Hydroxyproline: A new era in skin rejuvenation," Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 281-285, 2005.

- M. Dupont, R. Jourdain, "Collagen peptides improve skin hydration, elasticity, and wrinkles," Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 197-202, 2017.

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate:

Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together. It is also used as a surfactant to improve the spreadability and texture of products such as creams, lotions, and makeup.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Triisostearate" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-2-triisostearate

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Triisostearate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-2-triisostearate

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Triisostearate" Skin Deep Database, Environmental Working Group, https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706161-POLYGLYCERYL-2_TRIISOSTEARATE/

1. Definition Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate:

Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate is a synthetic compound derived from isostearic acid and trimethylolpropane. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth, soft texture to products such as lipsticks, lip balms, and moisturizers. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product on the skin and enhances the overall feel of the product.

3. Usage Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate:

When using cosmetics containing Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

Precautions: While Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to avoid ingesting or inhaling products containing Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate." International Journal of Toxicology 21.1 (2002): 1-10.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. "Safety assessment of Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate as used in cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 23.S1 (2004): 1-12.

- "Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate." Cosmetics Info. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/trimethylolpropane-triisostearate.