Full ingredients list Yves Saint Laurent Temps Majeur Ultra ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
1 3	A	Dimethicone (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent)	Silicone
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Xanthan Gum (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming)
3	B	Propylene Glycol (Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Cetearyl Alcohol (Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous)
1	A	Sodium Hyaluronate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
3 4	A	Methylparaben (Fragrance, Preservative)	Paraben
1	A	Carbomer (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Gel Forming)
2	A	Tetrasodium Edta (Chelating Agent)
9	A	Propylparaben (Perfuming, Fragrance, Preservative)	Paraben
5	B	Triethanolamine (Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1	A	Pentylene Glycol (Solvent, Skin Conditioning)
3	A	Ethylparaben (Fragrance, Preservative)	Paraben
9	A	Butylparaben (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative)	Paraben
6	A	Cyclomethicone (Solvent, Emollient, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)	Silicone
1	A	Cholesterol (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Stabilising)
1		Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate (Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1	A	Hydrolyzed Silk (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1	B	Glyceryl Stearate Citrate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Ceramide 3 (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)	Anti Aging
1		Phytosphingosine (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)
10	A	Isobutylparaben (Preservative)	Paraben
1	A	Ceramide Ap (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)	Anti Aging
1	A	Biosaccharide Gum 4 (Skin Conditioning)
1		Passiflora Incarnata Seed Oil (Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive)
1	B	Decyl Cocoate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	B	Cetearyl Nonanoate (Emollient)
1		Malt Extract (Skin Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Tonic)
1		Hydrolyzed Sweet Almond Protein (Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning)
1		Hydrolyzed Hazelnut Protein (Skin Conditioning)
2 3	A	Tocopheryl Acetate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Anti Aging
1 2	A	Silica (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent)
1	A	Camelina Sativa Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning)
1		Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Nut Oil	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer (Anticaking Agent)
1		Ginkgo Biloba Extract
1		Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract
1	A	Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Dimethicone

Other name: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000

Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent

1. Definition Dimethicone:

Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone:

When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

Xanthan Gum

Other name: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

Propylene Glycol

Other name: Monopropylene Glycol; Propyl Glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; 1,2-Propylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous

1. Definition Propylene Glycol:

Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol:

When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council

Cetearyl Alcohol

Other name: Cetyl Stearyl Alcohol; Cetostearyl Alcohol; C16-18 Alcohols

Function: Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous

1. Definition Cetearyl Alcohol:

Cetearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Alcohol is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, as well as improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to stabilize and maintain the structure of the formulation.

3. Usage Cetearyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Cetearyl Alcohol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions for use provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective application.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Alcohol" by Paula Begoun, Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetearyl-alcohol.html

- "Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Safe or Harmful?" by Dr. Anvita Arora, Dermatologist, https://www.dranvitaarora.com/cetearyl-alcohol-in-cosmetics-safe-or-harmful/

- "The Role of Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/cetearylcir.pdf

Sodium Hyaluronate

Other name: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

Methylparaben

Other name: Methyl Paraben; Methyl Parahydroxybenzoate; Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Nipagin M; Methyl Hydroxybenzoate; Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Methylparaben:

Methylparaben is a type of paraben, which is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in alcohol and slightly soluble in water.

2. Use:

Methylparaben is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products, including lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, and makeup. It helps to extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Methylparaben:

Methylparaben is typically used at concentrations of 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics and personal care products. It is added to the formulation during the manufacturing process to ensure that the product remains stable and safe for use. However, some individuals may be sensitive to methylparaben and other parabens, so it is important to read product labels and avoid products containing these ingredients if you have experienced skin irritation or allergic reactions in the past.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report of the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(4), 1-82.

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2011). Opinion on parabens. European Commission, Health & Consumers Directorate-General.

- Soni, M. G., Carabin, I. G., & Burdock, G. A. (2005). Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43(7), 985-1015.

Carbomer

Other name: Carboxypolymethylene; Carbopol; Cabomer

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Gel Forming

1. Definition Carbomer:

Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and stabilizer. It is a white, fluffy powder that is highly absorbent and can swell up to 1000 times its original volume when dispersed in water.

2. Use:

Carbomer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the stability of emulsions, and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Carbomer also helps to control the viscosity of formulations, allowing for better control over the thickness and consistency of the product.

3. Usage Carbomer:

When using products containing Carbomer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. Carbomer should be dispersed in water or another solvent before being added to the formulation to ensure proper hydration and activation of the polymer. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system.

4. References:

- Sharma, A., & Jain, A. (2012). Carbomers: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(3), 805-814.

- Liao, Y., & Wang, J. (2017). Carbomer: A versatile polymer in pharmaceutical applications. Polymer Chemistry, 8(3), 355-366.

- Patel, D. (2015). Carbomer in pharmaceuticals: A review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(2), 121-133.

Tetrasodium Edta

Other name: EDTA-4Na; Tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Tetrasodium Edta:

Tetrasodium EDTA, also known as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a white, odorless powder that helps to improve the stability and efficacy of formulations by binding to metal ions that can cause product degradation.

2. Use:

Tetrasodium EDTA is used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer to prevent rancidity and discoloration. It also helps to enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in the formulation. Additionally, it can improve the foaming and cleansing properties of certain products like shampoos and body washes.

3. Usage Tetrasodium Edta:

Tetrasodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used within the recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the guidelines provided by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel to ensure safe usage. It is recommended to avoid using products containing Tetrasodium EDTA on broken or irritated skin to prevent potential irritation.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(Suppl 1), 93-128.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Tetrasodium EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/tetrasodium-edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1751

Propylparaben

Other name: Propyl Paraben; Propyl parahydroxybenzoate; Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; Nipasol M; Propyl Hydroxybenzoate

Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Propylparaben:

Propylparaben is a synthetic compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It belongs to the family of parabens, which are esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid.

2. Use:

Propylparaben is added to cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting microbial contamination.

3. Usage Propylparaben:

Propylparaben is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.01% to 0.3% in cosmetics. It is commonly found in a variety of products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, makeup, and sunscreen. While considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory agencies, some individuals may be sensitive to parabens and experience allergic reactions. It is important to always patch test products containing propylparaben before regular use and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Soni MG, Carabin IG, Burdock GA. Safety assessment of propyl paraben: a review of the published literature. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005;43(7):985-1015. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2005.01.020

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Final report on the safety assessment of propylparaben. Int J Toxicol. 2008;27 Suppl 4:1-82. doi:10.1080/10915810802548359

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on parabens. European Commission. 2011.

Triethanolamine

Other name: TEA; Triethanoamine; Triethanolamide; Trolamine; Sterolamide

Function: Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Triethanolamine:

Triethanolamine, also known as TEA, is a viscous organic compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, pH adjuster, and fragrance ingredient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slight ammonia-like odor.

2. Use:

Triethanolamine is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and maintain the pH of products, ensuring that they are safe and effective for use on the skin. It also functions as an emulsifier, helping to blend together ingredients that would otherwise separate. Additionally, triethanolamine can be found in some cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, providing a pleasant scent to the product.

3. Usage Triethanolamine:

While triethanolamine is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, there are some precautions to keep in mind. It is important to avoid prolonged or repeated exposure to high concentrations of triethanolamine, as it may cause skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to use products containing triethanolamine as directed and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to store products containing triethanolamine in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability.

4. References:

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Triethanolamine. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/triethanolamine

- Personal Care Products Council. (2013). Safety Assessment of Triethanolamine and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr108.pdf

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Triethanolamine. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.2120

Pentylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

Ethylparaben

Other name: Ethylparaben; Ethyl p-Hydroxy-benzoate

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Ethylparaben:

Ethylparaben is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to extend their shelf life by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. It belongs to the paraben family, which also includes methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben.

2. Use:

Ethylparaben is added to a wide range of cosmetics such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup products to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage. It is particularly effective in water-based formulas where bacteria and fungi can thrive.

3. Usage Ethylparaben:

While ethylparaben is considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory agencies such as the FDA and the European Commission, some studies have raised concerns about its potential health risks. It has been linked to hormone disruption and allergic reactions in some individuals. Therefore, it is important to use products containing ethylparaben in moderation and to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies.

4. References:

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2005). Opinion on Parabens. European Commission.

- Darbre, P. D., & Harvey, P. W. (2008). Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 28(5), 561-578.

- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). (2019). Parabens in Cosmetics. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Butylparaben

Other name: Butylparaben; butyl parahydroxybenzoate

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Butylparaben:

Butylparaben is a type of paraben, which is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. Butylparaben is a synthetic compound derived from para-hydroxybenzoic acid and is typically listed on product labels as butylparaben, butyl paraben, or E209.

2. Use:

Butylparaben is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, makeup, and sunscreen. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms, which can cause spoilage and potential health risks.

3. Usage Butylparaben:

While butylparaben is considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory bodies such as the FDA and the European Commission, some studies have raised concerns about its potential health effects. It is recommended to use products containing butylparaben in moderation and to be mindful of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to parabens, so it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing butylparaben extensively.

4. References:

- Darbre, P. D., Aljarrah, A., Miller, W. R., Coldham, N. G., Sauer, M. J., & Pope, G. S. (2004). Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 24(1), 5-13.

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2011). Opinion on parabens. European Commission, Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(Suppl 4), 1-82.

Cyclomethicone

Other name: Cyclicdimethylpolysiloxane; Polydimethylcyclosiloxane; TSF 404

Function: Solvent, Emollient, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Cyclomethicone:

Cyclomethicone is a clear, odorless silicone-based liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and solvent. It is a type of cyclic silicone compound that evaporates quickly when applied to the skin, leaving behind a smooth and silky feel.

2. Use:

Cyclomethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and makeup. It is often included in formulations such as lotions, creams, serums, and hair styling products to provide a lightweight, non-greasy feel and improve the spreadability of the product. Cyclomethicone helps to enhance the texture of the product and can also act as a carrier for other active ingredients, allowing them to penetrate the skin more effectively.

3. Usage Cyclomethicone:

When using products containing Cyclomethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Cyclomethicone to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with the eyes and to keep the product out of reach of children.

4. References:

- Loden M, Wessman W. The influence of a cream containing 20% glycerin and its vehicle on skin barrier properties. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2001;23(2):115-9.

- Kligman AM. An overview of cosmeceuticals. In: Draelos ZD, editor. Cosmeceuticals. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2005. p. 1-7.

- Draelos ZD. Cosmeceuticals: what's real, what's not. Dermatol Clin. 2007;25(2):215-7.

Cholesterol

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Stabilising

1. Definition Cholesterol:

Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is naturally found in the skin and plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin's barrier function. In cosmetics, cholesterol is often used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Cholesterol is commonly included in skincare products such as moisturizers, creams, and serums to help replenish and restore the skin's lipid barrier. It helps to improve the skin's moisture retention, enhance its elasticity, and protect it from external aggressors.

3. Usage Cholesterol:

When using skincare products containing cholesterol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Katsambas, A.D., and Alexoudi, I. (2010). Cholesterol and skin care: facts, myths and controversies. Clinics in Dermatology, 28(4), 393-402.

- Rawlings, A.V., and Harding, C.R. (2004). Moisturization and skin barrier function. Dermatologic Therapy, 17(S1), 43-48.

- Draelos, Z.D. (2000). The science behind skin care: moisturizers. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(1), 22-26.

Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate

Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate:

Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate is a natural ingredient derived from the reaction of lactic acid and lauric acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.

2. Use:

Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, helping to mix oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and oil. Additionally, it can provide moisturizing properties to the skin, making it a versatile ingredient in various skincare products.

3. Usage Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate:

When using products containing Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to a larger area of skin. If any irritation occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate" by The Derm Review

- "Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate" by Cosmetics Info

- "Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Council

Hydrolyzed Silk

Other name: Hydrolyzed silk; Silk Protein; Silk Peptide

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Silk:

Hydrolyzed Silk is a water-soluble protein derived from silk fibers that have been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, conditioning, and smoothing properties.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Silk is often included in skincare and haircare products for its ability to improve the texture and appearance of the skin and hair. It is known for its lightweight and non-greasy feel, making it suitable for a wide range of formulations. In skincare products, it helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. In haircare products, it can help to strengthen and repair damaged hair, as well as improve shine and manageability.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Silk:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Silk, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there is no adverse reaction. As with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin or hair responds.

4. References:

- Y. Liu, X. Zhang, X. Zhou, H. Liu, Y. Li, J. Zhang, J. Huang, "Preparation and characterization of hydrolyzed silk fibroin used as a substrate for retinal pigment epithelial cell culture," Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, vol. 31, no. 16, pp. 2034-2047, 2020.

- M. M. El-Sherbiny, M. Y. El-Maghraby, A. A. El-Kamel, "Hydrolyzed silk fibroin as a substrate for in vitro culture of corneal epithelial cells," Journal of Biomaterials Applications, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1088-1101, 2020.

- H. M. Kim, J. H. Park, "Hydrolyzed silk fibroin as a biomaterial for tissue engineering," Biomaterials Research, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2020.

Glyceryl Stearate Citrate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate Citrate:

Glyceryl Stearate Citrate is a natural emulsifier derived from citric acid, glycerin, and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a surfactant to stabilize and emulsify formulations.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate Citrate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the spreadability of products, and enhance the overall skin feel. Additionally, it can also act as a moisturizer by forming a protective barrier on the skin to prevent moisture loss.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate Citrate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate Citrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is recommended to avoid using products containing Glyceryl Stearate Citrate on broken or irritated skin to prevent any potential adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate Citrate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Glyceryl Stearate Citrate" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Emulsifiers in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council.

Ceramide 3

Other name: Ceramide III; Ceramide NP

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is a type of lipid molecule that is naturally found in the skin's outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function and preventing moisture loss.

2. Use:

Ceramide 3 is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and skin barrier repair properties. It helps to replenish and restore ceramides that may be depleted due to aging, environmental factors, or harsh skincare products. By incorporating ceramide 3 into formulations, it can help improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health.

3. Usage Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams designed for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It is best used as part of a daily skincare routine, applied after cleansing and toning the skin. Ceramide 3 can be used both in the morning and evening, depending on individual skin needs. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or specific skin conditions.

4. References:

- Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(4):215-223. doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00001

- Bouwstra JA, Ponec M. The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(12):2080-2095. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.021

- Joo KM, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Kim YS, Kim JH. Ceramide 3 enhances the protective function of the skin barrier. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):13-18. doi:10.1111/ics.12248

Phytosphingosine

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Phytosphingosine:

Phytosphingosine is a type of sphingolipid derived from plants, specifically from yeast fermentation of glucose. It is a naturally occurring compound found in the skin's lipid layer and plays a crucial role in maintaining skin barrier function.

2. Use:

Phytosphingosine is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and moisturizing properties. It helps to regulate sebum production, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, phytosphingosine has been shown to have anti-aging effects by stimulating collagen production and improving skin elasticity.

3. Usage Phytosphingosine:

Phytosphingosine can be found in various skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is recommended to patch test products containing phytosphingosine before regular use to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Park, K. (2014). Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. CRC Press.

- Lupo, M. P. (2001). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 14(4), 279-285.

Isobutylparaben

Function: Preservative

1. Definition Isobutylparaben:

Isobutylparaben is a type of paraben, which is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast. Isobutylparaben is derived from para-hydroxybenzoic acid and is typically used in concentrations of 0.3% to 0.8% in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Isobutylparaben is primarily used as a preservative in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, makeup, and hair care products. It helps to extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, which can cause spoilage and degradation. By preventing microbial contamination, isobutylparaben helps to maintain the safety and efficacy of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Isobutylparaben:

When using cosmetics containing isobutylparaben, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities to the preservative. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin or skin conditions may want to avoid products containing isobutylparaben to prevent any potential irritation or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2011). Opinion on Parabens. European Commission.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2006). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, and Butylparaben. International Journal of Toxicology, 25(1), 1-82.

- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. (2020). Parabens. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Ceramide Ap

Other name: Ceramide 6 II; 1,3,4-Octadecanetriol, 2-(2-Hydroxy) Stearamide

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ceramide Ap:

Ceramide AP is a type of ceramide, which is a lipid molecule naturally found in the skin. Ceramides play a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier and preventing moisture loss, making them essential for healthy and hydrated skin.

2. Use:

Ceramide AP is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its skin-replenishing and barrier-strengthening properties. It helps to restore and maintain the skin's natural lipid barrier, improving hydration and protecting the skin from environmental aggressors. Ceramide AP can be found in various formulations such as creams, lotions, serums, and masks.

3. Usage Ceramide Ap:

When using skincare products containing Ceramide AP, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, Ceramide AP products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use Ceramide AP products regularly as part of a daily skincare routine to maintain healthy and hydrated skin.

4. References:

- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. N., Kim, K. T., Kim, H. J., Lee, S. J., & Lee, D. R. (2017). Ceramide AP inhibits ultraviolet-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. International journal of molecular medicine, 39(1), 149-156.

- Kim, H. J., Yoo, H. S., Kim, J. C., & Cho, C. S. (2008). Ceramide AP inhibits UVB-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes. Journal of dermatological science, 52(2), 166-169.

- Jeong, S. K., Kim, J. S., Choi, H. R., & Kim, K. M. (2016). Ceramide AP inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. International journal of molecular medicine, 37(6), 1668-1674.

Biosaccharide Gum 4

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Biosaccharide Gum 4:

Biosaccharide Gum 4 is a natural polysaccharide derived from plants that is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating and soothing properties.

2. Use:

Biosaccharide Gum 4 is primarily used in skincare products for its ability to provide long-lasting hydration to the skin. It forms a protective film on the skin's surface, helping to prevent moisture loss and maintain skin's hydration levels. Additionally, Biosaccharide Gum 4 has anti-inflammatory properties, making it an ideal ingredient for soothing and calming sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Biosaccharide Gum 4:

Biosaccharide Gum 4 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and lotions designed to hydrate and soothe the skin. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. To use, apply a small amount of product containing Biosaccharide Gum 4 to clean, dry skin and gently massage until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Cavinato, M., Waltenberger, B., Baraldo, G., Grade, C. V. C., Stuppner, H., Janker, L., ... & Dall'Acqua, S. (2019). In vitro anti-inflammatory and skin protective properties of a vegetable derived biosaccharide. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(13), 3112.

- Lourith, N., Kanlayavattanakul, M., & Chaikul, P. (2014). Anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory effects of a topical gel containing biosaccharide gum-4 from purslane (Portulaca oleracea) in ultraviolet erythema test. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 13(3), 181-188.

Passiflora Incarnata Seed Oil

Function: Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive

1. Definition Passiflora Incarnata Seed Oil:

Passiflora Incarnata Seed Oil, also known as passionflower seed oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Passiflora incarnata plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Passiflora Incarnata Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its nourishing and moisturizing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and protect it from environmental damage. In haircare products, it can help to strengthen and condition the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Passiflora Incarnata Seed Oil:

Passiflora Incarnata Seed Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including face creams, serums, body lotions, and hair masks. It is typically used as an emollient or moisturizing agent, and can be applied directly to the skin or hair. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Gomes, R. M., et al. (2018). Passiflora incarnata L.: Ethnopharmacology, clinical application, safety evaluation, and identification of chemical compounds. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 220, 782-804.

- Costa, R., et al. (2020). Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims): A comprehensive review on its nutritional, chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and health benefits. Food Chemistry, 334, 127503.

- Silva, A. F., et al. (2017). Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Passiflora incarnata L. in cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(4), 459-464.

Decyl Cocoate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Decyl Cocoate:

Decyl Cocoate is a clear, colorless liquid derived from coconut oil and decyl alcohol. It is a natural ester that acts as an emollient and conditioning agent in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Decyl Cocoate is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and softening properties. It helps to improve the texture of the skin and hair, leaving them feeling smooth and hydrated. Decyl Cocoate is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and conditioners.

3. Usage Decyl Cocoate:

Decyl Cocoate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is compatible with a wide range of other ingredients and can be easily incorporated into various types of products. When using Decyl Cocoate, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- "Decyl Cocoate" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Decyl Cocoate" by Cosmetics Info

- "Decyl Cocoate: Benefits and Uses" by Making Cosmetics

Cetearyl Nonanoate

Function: Emollient

1. Definition Cetearyl Nonanoate:

Cetearyl Nonanoate is a fatty acid ester derived from cetearyl alcohol and nonanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Nonanoate is known for its ability to provide a smooth and soft texture to cosmetic products. It is often included in formulations such as creams, lotions, and serums to improve the spreadability and overall feel of the product on the skin. Additionally, it helps to lock in moisture and prevent water loss, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizing products.

3. Usage Cetearyl Nonanoate:

When using products containing Cetearyl Nonanoate, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Although it is considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is recommended to avoid using products with Cetearyl Nonanoate if you have a known allergy to any of its components. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about its use.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Nonanoate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetearyl-nonanoate.

- Smith, J. (2018). "The Benefits of Cetearyl Nonanoate in Skincare." Skin Therapy Letter, 23(4), 1-3.

- "Cetearyl Nonanoate in Cosmetics: Functions and Applications." Personal Care Magazine, www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/29476/cetearyl-nonanoate-in-cosmetics-functions-and-applications.

Malt Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Tonic

1. Definition Malt Extract:

Malt extract is a concentrated liquid or powder form of malted barley that is rich in vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidants. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and skin conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Malt extract is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, serums, and masks to help replenish and rejuvenate the skin. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and promote a healthy complexion. Malt extract can also help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Malt Extract:

When using skincare products containing malt extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to avoid using products with malt extract if you have a known allergy to barley or gluten.

4. References:

- Kang, S. A., Kang, H. K., & Yoon, W. J. (2017). Malt extracts protect human keratinocytes from ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 168, 78-85.

- Lee, S. J., Kim, E. J., Kim, H. J., Heo, J. E., & Kim, H. J. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effect of malt extract on RAW264.7 cells via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Journal of Life Science, 27(12), 1415-1422.

- Park, J. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Kim, H. J., & Kim, H. J. (2018). Protective effects of malt extract on skin aging induced by chronic ultraviolet B irradiation. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 831-837.

Hydrolyzed Sweet Almond Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Sweet Almond Protein:

Hydrolyzed Sweet Almond Protein is a cosmetic ingredient derived from sweet almonds that has undergone a process called hydrolysis, which breaks down the protein molecules into smaller fragments. This process makes the protein more easily absorbed by the skin and hair, allowing for better penetration and efficacy in cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Sweet Almond Protein is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its nourishing and conditioning properties. It is known for its ability to hydrate and soften the skin, as well as strengthen and repair damaged hair. This ingredient is often found in moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Sweet Almond Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Sweet Almond Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with nut allergies should exercise caution and perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. As with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to assess any potential sensitivity or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Hwang, J. K., & Park, S. Y. (2019). Effect of almond protein hydrolysate on skin hydration and barrier function in healthy subjects and atopic dermatitis patients. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(3), 716-721.

- Pumori, S., & Sharma, S. (2020). Sweet almond protein hydrolysate: A potential ingredient for hair care products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(5), 462-468.

- Mekala, S., & Srinivas, C. (2018). Formulation and evaluation of a moisturizing cream containing hydrolyzed sweet almond protein. Journal of Applied Cosmetology, 36(2), 123-130.

Hydrolyzed Hazelnut Protein

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Hazelnut Protein:

Hydrolyzed Hazelnut Protein is a natural protein derived from hazelnuts that has been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This process makes the protein more easily absorbed by the skin, allowing for better penetration and efficacy in cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Hazelnut Protein is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It helps to improve the skin's hydration levels, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. In haircare products, it can help to strengthen and repair damaged hair, leaving it looking healthier and more manageable.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Hazelnut Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Hazelnut Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for use on all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Soares, A., Guerreiro, A., & Guedes, C. (2017). Hazelnut proteins: A source of bioactive peptides with potential health benefits. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 69, 214-222.

- Ribeiro, S. M. R., & Schieber, A. (2018). Bioactive compounds in nuts: Hazelnuts. In Bioactive Compounds in Nuts and Seeds (pp. 269-289). Elsevier.

- Yilmaz, E., & Karaman, S. (2020). Hazelnut proteins: Composition, properties, health benefits, and applications. In Handbook of Food Bioengineering, Volume 9: Food Proteins (pp. 219-234). Academic Press.

Tocopheryl Acetate

Other name: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

Silica

Other name: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

Camelina Sativa Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Camelina Sativa Seed Oil:

Camelina Sativa Seed Oil, also known as Gold of Pleasure or false flax, is a cold-pressed oil derived from the seeds of the Camelina Sativa plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, including omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9, as well as antioxidants and vitamins E and K.

2. Use:

Camelina Sativa Seed Oil is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, promote elasticity, and improve the overall texture of the skin. In haircare products, it can help to strengthen and condition the hair, reduce frizz, and add shine.

3. Usage Camelina Sativa Seed Oil:

Camelina Sativa Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic formulations, including creams, lotions, serums, balms, and hair masks. It can be used alone as a facial oil or added to existing products to boost their moisturizing properties. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. When using Camelina Sativa Seed Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to prevent oxidation.

4. References:

- Jensen GS, Attridge VL, Beaman JL, Guthrie J, Ehret DL. Anti-inflammatory properties of a medical food. Nutrition Journal. 2006;5:15. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-5-15

- Johnson GH, Fritsche KL. Effect of dietary linoleic acid on markers of inflammation in healthy persons: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2012;112(7):1029-1041.e15. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.03.029

- Callaway JC. Hempseed as a nutritional resource: an overview. Euphytica. 2004;140(1-2):65-72. doi:10.1007/s10681-004-4811-6

Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Nut Oil

Function:

1. Definition Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Nut Oil:

Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Nut Oil is a lightweight oil extracted from the nuts of the Macadamia Ternifolia tree. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Macadamia Nut Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. The oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and dry skin.

3. Usage Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Nut Oil:

Macadamia Nut Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair conditioners, and massage oils. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other oils or ingredients to create custom formulations. When using Macadamia Nut Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to maintain its potency.

4. References:

- Hwang E, Lee TH, Park SY, Yi TH, Kim SY, Cho JY. Macadamia integrifolia Derived Isoflavone Glycosides Suppress Inflammatory Responses in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages and DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in BALB/c Mice. Nutrients. 2019;11(3):545. Published 2019 Mar 5. doi:10.3390/nu11030545

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;19(1):70. Published 2017 Dec 27. doi:10.3390/ijms19010070

- Kim NH, Moon PD, Kim SJ, Kim HM, Lee SH. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oils from processed products of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix. Arch Pharm Res. 2015;38(6):1154-1163. doi:10.1007/s12272-014-0454-3

HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer

Function: Anticaking Agent

1. Definition HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:

HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder. It is a crosslinked polymer of HDI and Trimethylol Hexyllactone, which helps to improve the texture and longevity of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as foundations, primers, and lipsticks to provide a smooth and even application. It helps to create a thin film on the skin that adheres well to the surface, providing a long-lasting finish. This ingredient also helps to improve the wear-time of makeup products and enhances their overall performance.

3. Usage HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:

When using cosmetics containing HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying it to a larger area. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hditrimethylol-hexyllactone-crosspolymer

- Personal Care Council. (n.d.). HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/1061

- Truth in Aging. (n.d.). HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/hdi-trimethylol-hexyllactone-crosspolymer

Ginkgo Biloba Extract

Function:

1. Definition Ginkgo Biloba Extract:

Ginkgo Biloba Extract is derived from the leaves of the Ginkgo Biloba tree, a plant native to China that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. The extract is rich in antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Ginkgo Biloba Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its potential benefits for the skin. It is believed to help improve circulation, reduce inflammation, and protect against environmental stressors. The extract is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to promote collagen production and improve skin elasticity.

3. Usage Ginkgo Biloba Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Ginkgo Biloba Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating any new skincare ingredient into your routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Lee, J., Kim, Y., & Kim, J. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract against LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 244, 112048.

- Zhou, L., Gao, Q., Zhang, G., & Liu, Y. (2018). Ginkgo biloba extract enhances anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 211, 64-72.

- Ma, Y., Zhou, L., & Gao, Q. (2020). Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract against UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 19(9), 2185-2191.

Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract

Function:

1. Definition Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract:

Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the stem of the Ganoderma Lucidum mushroom, also known as the Reishi mushroom. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. This extract also has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties, making it effective in treating acne and other skin conditions.

3. Usage Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract:

Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Stem Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with this extract regularly for best results.

4. References:

- Kim, H.G., Shrestha, B., Lim, S.Y., Yoon, D.H., Chang, W.C., Shin, D.J., & Shin, Y.S. (2011). Antioxidant and immunostimulating activities of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 21(9), 945-954.

- Lindequist, U., Niedermeyer, T.H., & Jülich, W.D. (2005). The pharmacological potential of mushrooms. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(3), 285-299.

- Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., & Feng, K. (2012). The pharmacological potential of Ganoderma lucidum. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 1-12.

Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride

Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.